photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry see example below
DESCRIPTION
Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below. Cl. Cl. Ar. Ljósefnafræði ; Dæmi / photochemistry example:. Cl. Cl. Ar. Ljósefnafræði ; Dæmi / photochemistry example:. . . . Cl. Cl. Ar. Ljósefnafræði ; Dæmi / photochemistry example:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry
See example below
![Page 2: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ar
ClCl
![Page 3: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ar
ClCl.
![Page 4: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ClCl
Ar
![Page 5: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ClClAr
+-
![Page 6: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ClCl
Ar
![Page 7: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
* Sjá: http://www.hi.is/~agust/
Ljósmyndun efnahvarfa; Nóbelsverðlaunin í efnafræði, 1999
* Sjá: http://www.hi.is/~agust/
![Page 8: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Gangur og hraði efnahvarfa:
A + B C + D
Hr.efnahv.
![Page 9: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ljósmyndun efnahvarfa; Nóbelsverðlaunin í efnafræði, 1999
Gangur og hraði efnahvarfa:
A + B C + D
Hr.efnahv.
Hraði = k[A] [B]; k = Aexp(-Ea/RT); k <= [A] vs t mælingar
Hr.efnahv.
Arrheníus: Nóbelsverðlaun 1903
![Page 10: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1930-1940: Kenning um skammlíft milliástand:Henry EyringMichael Polanyi
A + B
A..B
C + D
#
# Skammlíft milliástand:Líftími » tími tengjasveiflu, dæmigert 10-13 – 10-12 sek
1 2
1: 2:
Kenning
![Page 11: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1975-1990: Tilraunir með sameindabunur:
Hreyfanlegurskynjari
Árekstur
Sameinda-buna
Skynjunmyndefna/hvarfefna
-Ráðið í eiginleika milliástanda út frá dreifingu / endurkasti sameinda
Bunur
John C. PolanyiNóbelsverðlaun, 1986: Dudley Herzbach
Yuan Lee
![Page 12: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1985 - “Ljósmyndun efnahvarfa”
Þ.e. Gleypnimælingar milliástanda vs tími fyrir tíma(bil) £ 10-12 s:
A + B
C + D
ABA . .B
C ..D
CDGleypnimælingar með ljósleiftrum 10-15 s
0,000000000000001 s
“Femtósekúndu litrófsgreining”
Ljosm.
Nóbelsverðlaunin í efnafræði 1999:Próf. Ahmed Zewail, Caltech.
![Page 13: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Verðl.
![Page 14: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
http://www.its.caltech.edu/~femto/
Femtol.
![Page 15: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hvernig / Hvað?
A + B C + D
Öll stig hvarfsins koma fyrir samtímis, þ.e.:
Of margbreytilegt/flókið
Hvernig?
![Page 16: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Skapa þarf “samhæfðar aðstæður”:
Dæmi: “½ hvarf”, sbr.: ICN# I + CN, Þ.e.:
ICN#
![Page 17: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Skapa þarf “samhæfðar aðstæður”:
I
ICN#
ICN
I + CN
ICN# Myndað með femtó-sekúndu LASER-púlsgleypni
Gleypnimælingar
½ hvarf
Dæmi: “½ hvarf”, sbr.: ICN# I + CN, Þ.e.:
CN
![Page 18: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Framkvæmd:
ICN-Tilr.
![Page 19: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Nánar:
Gleypni-Mælingar:
Niðurstöður:
ICN-niðurst.
ICN# I + CN
ICN
![Page 20: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
NaI
NaI
[NaI# Na..I# ] Na + I(b)(a)
(b)(a) NaI# Na
![Page 21: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Stilbene(1)
![Page 22: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Stilbene(2)
![Page 23: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Spýtt-kæling
Sameinda-buna
Van derWaals“Sameindir”
IH..OCO [I..H..O..CO] I +HO+CO
IH+OCO
![Page 24: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
C4H8 C4H8# C2H4 + C2H4
???
Cyclob.
![Page 25: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
C2F4I2 C2F4 + 2I:
C CFF
FF
I
I
C CF
FF
I
F
C CFF
FF
I
I
C CFF
FF
I
I..
I.
.
C CF
FF
I
FI.
.
?(1)
?(2)
Rofnun tetrafluordijoðetans:
C2F4I2
![Page 26: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
mynataka
![Page 27: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
5
![Page 28: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
6
![Page 29: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
7
![Page 30: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
8
![Page 34: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
9
![Page 36: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
10
![Page 40: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
A + M ???M1 + M2 ???A + B C + D
Reaction cross section:
![Page 47: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
A + M ???M1 + M2 ???A + B C + D
Cross section = s = <d>2p
d
But ions:
Reaction cross section:
![Page 48: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
A+ + B C + D
But ions:
---
-++
++
F µ 1/r2
Reaction cross section:
![Page 49: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
+
A+ + B C + D
But Ions:
---
-++
++
Reaction cross section:
![Page 50: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
A+ + B C + D
But ions:
Collision frequency much larger
Reaction cross section:
![Page 51: Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816643550346895dd9b8a0/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
A + M ???M1 + M2 ???A + B C + D
d
+
Ions:
Collision crosssection = s >> <d>2p
Reaction cross section: