1

:

: 03110107

03108015

03110097

03110773

03110199

: 24/3/2014

2

3

1. 3

1.1. . 3

1.2. , , 5

1.3. .. . 7

2. .. 8

2.1. 8

2.2. .. 10

2.3. .. 11

2.4. .. 12

.. 14

1. 14

2. .. 15

3. 18

4. Doppler.. 19

5. . 19

6. .. 20

7. 21

22

1. .. 22

1.1. PACT.. 23

1.2. PAM.. 25

1.3. RAT. 28

2. .. 30

3. 31

. 33

1. .. 34

2. ............ 34

2.1. 35

2.2. 36

2.3. ............. 38

3. 39

4.

46

5. .. 47

6. 48

49

50

3

1.

1.1

, , . ,

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.

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20 kHz.

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t

=

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r = i

r :

r=(21)

2

(2+1)2

t :

t=412

(2+1)2

:

r=(21)

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dB/MHzcm.

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13

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2.5

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14

1.

(Photoacoustic Tomography),

PAT (

), (3D)

.

-

.

PAT .1

(a).

,

(.. z)

(b).

(b).

PAT

.

PAT

:

1. ,

2. ,

3. .

1

,

.

, ( ), ( ).

.

15

(

) , ,

th (thermal

relaxation time) s (stress relaxation time)

:

=

2

=

,

( 1500 m/s).

15m, =1.4*10-3 s =1*10

-8 s.

10ns

15m!

5m mJ.

laser.

.

, laser

. .

.

2.

, .

, .

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RBC = Red Blood Cell =

16

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(. ),

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( HbO2)

( Hb).

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.2.

2

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, PAT

:

DNA

RNA

17

PAT ,

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.3

,

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3

-

,

() .

.

in vivo () (US). (a)

(b) 10 . (c)

. = , SLN = .

18

3.

,

.

0 = (1)

F (J/m2) ,

(m-1) , Grueneisen

(

) (2)

,

(2):

0 =

, ,

.

. 1, PAT

,

.

,

100%.

PAT

Grueneisen. Grneisen, , (

Eduard Grneisen),

, , ,

. , Grueneisen

( ~ 5 % Kelvin ),

0,1.

3D

(a) . : PA.

(b) en-face .

(c) b

19

4. Doppler

, Doppler,

.

, PAT

, s,

, ,

in vivo .

5.

(, ), -

(, ), :

2(, ) 1

22

2(, ) =

(, ) (3)

,

. (, )

(, ) =

4

,

|, |

(,)

,|

,=|, |

(4)

. (4)

:

(, ) =1

42

[

1

, 0( ,) (

|, |

)] (5)

20

6.

,

- . ,

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.

, ,

.

backprojection algorithm,

Radon.

.

: ,

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(3) (. 0). :

0() = 0

0[2(0 , , ) 2

(0,,)

()]

0|

=|0|

(6)

0 S0

S0

0 =0

| 0|20

( 0)

| 0|

, PAT

, , , ,

in vivo.

21

7.

PAT :

1. 1 mm

~ 5-7 cm. ,

.

2. -

- . ,

.

.

.

3.

, . ,

- (pulse echo), PAT

.

22

1.

() .

, ,

.

,

(PAT).

, :

i. (PACT),

, .

ii. (PAM),

. 1D.

,

PAM: PAM (AR-) PAM (OR-PAM).

iii. PAT,

,

. .

23

. ,

.

1.1 CT

PACT .

, ,

, ( ),

..

, ,

, PAT (Wang et al 2003 ,

2007). ,

,

(Li et al 2008).

(Li et al 2008).

,

(Zhang et l 2008, Beard et 1999). Zhang et al

Fabry-Perot (FPI) (Zhang et al 2008),

.

, Fabry-Perot.

.

.

, , .

,

.

FP

24

, .

,

(Haltmeier et al 2004).

Fabry - Perot Mach -

Zehnder (Paltauf et al 2007).

, Mach-Zehnder,

( )

( ).

.

,

. ,

. ,

,

Radon

.

,

.

(Yang et al 2007,

Witte et al 2008).

, PAT (Niederhauser et al 2005).

, PAT

. Zemp et al (2007, 2008),

, , PAT. 48

30 MHz, -

50 . ,

. Gamelin et al PAT,

5 , 512 5 z

(Gamelin et al 2009), .

, ach-Zehnder

25

PACT,

, PA ,

, PA

(Oraevsky Karabutov 2003).

,

.

1.2 ( PAM )

( )

(PAM). Q-switched

Nd: YAG.

532 770 nm ,

. ~ 6 mJ/cm2, ,

10 Hz . 0,6 mm

25 - 75 MHz.

.

.

() .

. ,

50 MHz 15 45

26

~3 mm .

, ..

.

AR - PAM

,

. ,

,

1 mm .

,

. AR-PAM

,

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, AR-PAM ,

. ,

,

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1D . 1D 2D , 2D

- 3D .

, AR- ,

, ,

. ,

. AR-PAM,

, .

,

,

. 2005, Maslov et al AR-PAM( Maslov et al

2005) , . AR-PAM

45 m 3 mm,

50 MHz ,

. , Song o Wang AR- (Song

Wang 2007 ),

.

,

.

27

(SAFT)

( CF) .

. Li SAFT + CF

PAM, (Li et al 2006). SAFT

,

CF .

OR PAM

PAT, AR-

.

,

(Guittet et l 1999), AR-

. , 5m, AR -

300 z.

, 300 MHz -80 dB/mm

, PA 500 m.

, .

, OR-

,

. Maslov et al (2008) OR-PAM .

5 m

15 m. .

OR-

.

AR-PAM,

, OR-PAM ,

. OR-

, .

OR- . ,

, , .

,

.

OR-

. , OR-,

. Kong et al OR-

(Kong et l 2009), ,

.

28

, Zharov et al

(2007) PA (PAFC).

.

OR-RAM

1.3 RAT,

,

.

PAT : ()

, ()

()

PA

, .

Niederhauser et al, PAT,

4f (Niederhauser et al 2004),

30 ns , CCD.

, Chen et al (2007)

4f .

64 1,0 z,

~ 3 mm.

, .

,

, . Q-switched

Nd: YAG (Brilliant B, BigSky),

532 nm, .

6.5 ns 10 Hz.

. ~ 20 mJ cm-2 ,

(MPE) ,

532 nm (ANSI 2000).

29

,

,

(V383/3.5MHz , XMS-310/10 MHz, V316-N/20 MHz,

Panametrics) ,

. 10 mm 3,5

MHz, 2 mm 10 MHz 3 mm 20 z,

. 50%

80 % .

.

,

.

.

. ,

. ,

.

,

( Wang et l 2003 ). ,

.

240 (2 rad, 1,5 / )

10 12,7 mm (1.27 mm/ ) .

,

( ZFL - 500LN , Mini - Circuits ).

(TDS - 540A , Tektronix)

. LabView

: ,

. ,

. ,

30

,

(SNR). T,

. ,

.

,

.

.

BALB/c (Charles River Laboratories , ~ 27g)

.

.

2.

. .

IVPA IVUS IVPA: IntraVascular PhotoAcoustic

IVUS: IntraVascular UltraSound

,

. ,

. Q-switched Nd : YAG ,

, 532 nm

, 20 Hz.

5 ns 24 mJ.

.

, .

31

20 mm

. ,

1 mJ/cm2 . ,

,

( 20 mJ/cm2 )

.

.

( ).

, (40 MHz),

(2.5 F, 0,83 mm)

.

IVUS .

,

/ .

75 MHz

. ( 5

MHz - 75 MHz ) .

. IVUS IVPA

/ ,

200 MHz.

,

.

3.

PAT

. , . PAT

, PAT

.

, PAT

-.

, PAT

, ,

, . ,

PAT, ,

PA, . ,

Niederhauser et l (2005), ,

64 .

0,4 mm

0,3 mm, . Sethuraman et al (2007)

(IVUS) PA

(IVPA) . IVPA

32

. , ,

. ,

, Yang et al (2009).

,

42 z, 3 mm.

, 50 - 100 m 200 - 600 m,

.

PAT

. PAT

, ,

. , (DOT),

,

. ,

DOT DOT

PAT. PAT DOT

3D

. , PAT

(FMI), .

OR-, AT

. ,

OR- OCT ,

.

33

1.

PAT

. ,

, .

, ,

.

,

, , ,

. , ,

. ,

,

,

.

1. (US=ultrasound,PA=Photoacoustic)

,

. :

.

(, , )

, .

( )

. .

:

34

2.

. ,

.

:

.

, ,

, .

, ,

,

.

,

, .

. ,

,

.

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(),

(),

SO2.

.

750 nm,

1064nm. laser ND:YAG alexandrite ,

, ,

.

,

,

.

.

() .

,

,

.

, ,

.

.

.

, .

35

2. a) . b)

x-y , .

c) . d) SO2

- . .

.

2.1

. -

.

,

,

. , Doppler,

.

. .

36

3. .(a) -, .

(b) Doppler . (c) ,

.

II. a) -

. ((b) (c))

.

,

. -

.

.

.

2.2 -

.

.

. ,

, 80% . ,

.

. .

584 nm ,

. 764

nm ,

. ,

, .

37

.

,

.

.

.

, . ex vivo

.

.

.

. laser ,

in vivo

.

:

4. a) 746 584 nm,

, . b) . c) B-mode

588 720 m d)M-mode

38

2.3

,

.

.

,

.

.

.

, .

.

.

5. 700 750 nm

.

,

.

.

39

3.

,

.

, , , , . , , , , , .

, . , , , . , , .

. . , . , , , . .

, (/ ) (/ ) , (, , , ) . , .

, , , , , , Raman , . , .

40

. , , (IVPA) . (IVUS) , . .

, IVPA , , . ex vivo , . :

1. (IVUS) ()

41

ex vivo

, (Nd: YAG pulsed

laser), , ,

.

. d: YAG laser (3-5 nsec)

, 532 nm.

(prism/mirror)

,

(diffuser).

2,5F IVUS

40 MHz, 0,5 mm, -

. (receiver)

(pulser)

.

,

,

(digitizer).

. ,

, (delay).

,

IVUS IVPA .

IVUS IVPA ,

(stepper motor),

360 .

.

(SNR),

, (

) .

.

(control

aorta),

.

42

,

,

,

. ,

, .

,

,

. 532 nm

,

. ,

. ,

,

.

:

43

,

.

2 3 ,

.

(IVPA)

532

nm (IVUS) .

.

IVPA ex vivo

680-900 nm ( 4

)

.

( )

.

44

:

45

,

(, ..)

.

46

4.

. ,

- (CT), (MRI),

, ,

, .

,

. .

.

:

.

(fontanels). .

,

.

.

.

.

.

, .

a) ,

, b) , c)

, d) . c d

.

47

5.

,

.

()

.

.

.

,

,

.

( ),

.

, 1064nm 532nm.

(

).

.

:

.

48

6. (PAOM)

in vivo

. ,

.

(SO2)

(DR)

.

(RPE) ,

. RPE

, .

(AMD), .

laser.

laser

.

.

Nd :YAG.

49

RPE

SO2

RFE,

.

in vivo .

.

.

.

.

50

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