phosphate as a water quality parameter
DESCRIPTION
The presentation provides a brief background on phosphorus, introduces phosphates, gives examples of forms of phosphates. It further describes how to test for the forms of phosphates as well as how to regulate water phosphate level. It ends with some basic facts "Did you know".TRANSCRIPT
10 Apr 2023
PHOSPHATE AS A WATER QUALITY
PARAMETER
By
Kumeh Mensah Eric
BSc. Natural Resource Mgt.
(Agroforestry)
KNUST
Ghana
10 Apr 2023
Presentation Outline
Background Forms of Phosphate Uses of Phosphate The Phosphorus Cycle Effects of Phosphate on Aquatic Life Testing for Phosphate Phosphate level and its effect on
aquatic plants life Regulating Phosphate Levels in Water Relationship between phosphate and
some water quality parameters Did you know ?
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Background Phosphorus - a primary
element in phosphate, is an essential nutrient for all plants and animals.
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Background
What are phosphates ?
Phosphates are the salts of various phosphoric acids.
Crystals of Ammonium phosphate
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Forms of Phosphate
1.Orthophosphates (H2PO4-/HPO4
2-)Simple ionic forms of phosphates that are readily available to plants.
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Forms of Phosphate
2. Polyphosphates (PolyP) - (PHO3)n
A linear, unbranched polymer of orthophosphate residues linked by phosphoanhydride bonds.
PolyP ranges in size from
three to over one thousand orthophosphate residues.
Brewers yeast
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Uses of Phosphate
Animal feed supplements
Fertilizers
Water treatment
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Uses of Phosphate
Domestic and industrial
detergents
Metal treatment to inhibit
corrosion
Ceramic production
The phosphorus cycle
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Effects of Phosphorus on Aquatic Life Aquatic plants require phosphates to
grow and carry out metabolic reactions.
Phosphates often serve as the limiting factor for aquatic plant growth because they naturally occur only in very low concentrations of 0.03 parts per million (ppm) or less.
When the phosphates level in a certain body of water reaches 0.025 ppm and above, phosphates stimulate plants to grow more rapidly.
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Effects of Phosphorus on Aquatic Life
An increase in phosphates and other nutrients that increases the rate of plant growth eventually results in dead plant matter building up in the water.
A condition know as Eutrophication (Algae bloom)
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Effects of Phosphorus on Aquatic Life
Eutrophication decrease the amount of sunlight in water bodies and increase the concentration of carbon dioxide when algae die and decompose.
Increasing carbon dioxide deprive aquatic organisms of oxygen and eventually result in asphyxiation of fish and other organisms.
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Testing for phosphates Total Orthophosphate Test
A measure of dissolved and suspended orthophosphate.
EPA approved ‘Ascorbic Acid Method’,
A reagent (either liquid or powder) containing ascorbic acid and ammonium molybdate reacts with orthophosphate in the sample to form a blue compound. The intensity of the blue colour is directly proportional to the amount of orthophosphate in the water.
10 Apr 2023
Testing for phosphates Total Phosphorus Test
Measures all the forms of phosphorus in the sample (orthophosphate, condensed phosphate, and organic phosphate)
Procedure “Digesting" (heating and acidifying) the sample to
convert all the other forms to orthophosphate. Measure orthophosphate using the ‘ascorbic acid
method’.NB: Because the sample is not filtered, the procedure measures both dissolved and suspended orthophosphate.
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Testing for phosphates Dissolved phosphorus test
Measures that fraction of the total phosphorus which is in solution in the water (as opposed to being attached to suspended particles).
It is determined by first filtering the sample, then analysing the filtered sample for total phosphorus.
Insoluble Phosphorus is calculated by subtracting the dissolved phosphorus result from the total phosphorus result.
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Phosphate level and its effect on aquatic plants life
Total Phosphate Effects on aquatic plant growth
0.025 - 0.1 mg/L Adequate stimulation of plant growth
0.1 mg/L maximum acceptable limit to prevent accelerated eutrophication
> 0.1 mg/Laccelerated growth and consequent problems
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Regulating Phosphate Levels in Water
Addition of chemicals Coralife's Phosphate Remover, Sea Chem's PhosGuard Kent Marine's Phosphate Sponge
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Regulating Phosphate Levels in Water
The use of poly – filter pads
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Regulating Phosphate Levels in Water
“Vodka Method” + Protein Skimmer
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Regulating Phosphate Levels in Water
Repetitive water change
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Relationship between phosphate and some water quality parameters
Water Phosphates and Turbidity
Increasing phosphate concentration in water increases turbidity in the long-run.
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Relationship between phosphate and some water quality parameters
Increasing amount of phosphates reduces pH making water more acidic in the long-term.
Water Phosphate and pH
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Relationship between phosphate and some water quality parameters
Increasing Phosphate reduces dissolve Oxygen content.
Water Phosphate and Dissolved Oxygen
OXIX® DISSOLVED OXYGEN TRANSMITTER
10 Apr 2023
Did You Know ? Phosphorous was discovered
by Henning Brand in 1669 when he distilled pure urine.
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Did You Know ?
Matchsticks are soaked in ammonium phosphate, which is a fire retardant to prevents them from smouldering after the match has gone out
10 Apr 2023
Did You Know ? Phosphate molecule make up the base of a DNA
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Thank You
Please help me improve on the content by posting your comments or by sending them to: [email protected] [email protected]
10 Apr 2023
References http://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/
Match.html#b date accessed 24th June, 2014.
http://www.macalester.edu/academics/environmentalstudies/threerivers/studentprojects/ENVI_133_Spr_08/Phosphorus/Phosphorus%20Effects%20Webpage.html date accessed 24th June, 2014.
http://www.waterresearch.net/Watershed/phosphates.htm 25th June, 2014.
http://www.stevenswater.com/articles/waterparameters.aspx 25th June , 2014.
http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water_quality/quality1/1-what-nitrate-and-phosphate-do.htm 25th June, 2014.