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PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech-sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the linguistic properties of speech-sounds – the “sound system” of language – the sound systems of individual languages

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Page 1: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

PHONETICSStudy of the physical properties of speech-sounds– how they are made – how they are heard– how they are transmitted

PHONOLOGYStudy of the linguistic properties of speech-sounds – the “sound system” of language – the sound systems of individual

languages

Page 2: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

PHONETICSStudy of the physical properties of speech-sounds

Articulatory Phonetics– how they are made

Auditory Phonetics– how they are heard

Acoustic Phonetics– how they are transmitted

Page 3: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

PHONETICSStudy of the physical properties of speech-sounds– how they are made – how they are heard– how they are transmitted

PHONOLOGYStudy of the linguistic properties of speech-sounds – the “sound system” of language – the sound systems of individual

languages

Page 4: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

PHONETICSUniversal: the study of the sounds produced in human speech

PHONOLOGYLocal: the study of the sound system of one single language or variety of language

Page 5: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

The Talking White Male Head

(Ladefoged p.2)5

Page 6: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Daniel Jones, 1918, An Outline of English PhoneticsFrontispiece from the 9th edition, 1972

6

Page 7: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

7

Page 8: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

CLOSE (HIGH)

BA

CK

FR

ON

T

OPEN (LOW) 8

Page 9: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

[e]

Phonetic symbols are shown in square brackets:

/e/

Phonological symbols are shown in slashes:

Page 10: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

phonesphonemesallophones

Page 11: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

phonesphonemesallophones

Page 12: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

phonessounds of language

Page 13: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Segments• How fine can you slice language?

• sentence

• phrase

• word

• syllable

• letter ... ?

Review the slide on

Slicing Language in

the first week ….

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schere_Gr_99.jpg
Page 14: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Letters ?

cat rat

cat cot

cat cap

Page 15: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Letters ?

cat rat

cat cot

cat cap

Page 16: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Letters ?cat coat caught

k V tcodekeyed

k V dright write rite

r V t

Page 17: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Segments• How thin can you slice language?

• sentence

• phrase

• word

• syllable

• letter ....... phone

Page 18: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

cat ratcat cotcat cap

top stoplip milkcode cold

significant difference- different word

non-significantdifferent- change impossible

Page 19: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

cat ratcat cotcat cap

top stoplip milkcode cold

significant

non-significant

predictable

non-predictable

meaning

structure

Page 20: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

cat ratcat cotcat cap

top stoplip milkcode cold

PHONEMES

ALLOPHONES

Page 21: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

phones are either:

• phonemessignificant sound differencesmeaning-based choice

• allophonesnon-significant sound differencesfixed choice

Page 22: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

How can we tell whether a sound is a phoneme or an allophone?

Minimal pairscat ratcat cotcat cap

kæt rætkæt kotkæt kæp

Page 23: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Minimal pairs

cat rat

tight tide

core score

nose knows

Korea career

service surface

kæt rættait taidkO(r) skO(r)n0uz n0uzk01ri0 k01ri0k01ri0 k01rir

Page 24: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Minimal pairs

service surface

show sew

make maid

ghost toast

wail whale

1sEvis 1sEfis1sErvis 1sErfis1sEv0s 1sEf0sS0u s0umeik meidg0ust t0ustweil weilweil Weil

Page 25: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Minimal contexts

pressure measure

fission vision

1preS0 1meG01fiS0n

1viG0n

Page 26: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Allophones

top stop

pie spy

care scare

top stoppai spaike0 ske0ker sker

Page 27: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Allophones

top stop

pie spy

care scare

No free choice between p and pH.

Complementary distribution

tHop stoppHai spaikHe0 ske0kHer sker

Compementary angles:

Page 28: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

phoneme

allophone

/ /

[ ] [ ]

Page 29: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

phoneme

allophone

Page 30: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Usually, of course, the different ALLOPHONES of the same PHONEME are all similar to each other - they form a FAMILY of sounds. But we mustn't fall into the trap of thinking that ALLOPHONIC difference is small while PHONEMIC difference is large. There is actually no real difference between these differences! We can see this by the fact that the same difference can be allophonic in one language, and phonemic in another.

from http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/02/TOP/phonemes.html

http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/02/TOP/phonemes.html
Page 31: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

seat sheet

massivemachine

basic nation

Page 32: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

She is fine as morn in May,mild, divine and clever.Like a shining summer’s dayshe is mine for ever.

Sr. Sigurður Norland í Hindisvík

Page 33: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Mitsubishi

Subaru

Page 34: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

phoneme

allophone

MitsubishiSubaru

Page 35: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the
Page 36: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

this theatre

Page 37: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

think this thought

þ ð þ

Page 38: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

þessi þýðing

Page 39: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

þessi þýðing

Page 40: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

The lateral - l

lipyellowmillmillermilkpeople

Page 41: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

l

http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~danhall/phonetics/sammy.html

l

Page 42: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

phoneme

allophone

Page 43: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

The phoneme /l/ is light before a vowel, otherwise dark

Page 44: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

The lateral - l

lipyellowmillmillermilkpeople

Page 45: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the
Page 46: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

trouble follows the blameless milkman like a wealthy lawyer trÆbl fol0uz ð0 bleimlis milkm0n laik 0 welþ^ lOj0

Page 47: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

layplaysplayclay

exclaim

Page 48: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

(from week 6):

Page 49: PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the

Is it followed by a vowel?

Does it follow k or p in a stressed syllable?

clayplay

layyellow

millmilk


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