Phonetics… Sound Principles

Chapter 3

By the End of this Unit…

You will be able to transcribe this:

(Jeff Foxworthy’s “Words in the South” You won’t not be able to hear it at home)

If You Were in Charge…

…would you implement a spelling system with a “one for one”

correspondence between spoken & written words?

Why or Why Not?

Audio Ambiguity

I scream ~ Ice Cream Grade A The sun’s rays meet It’s hard to recognize speech

Sound Safari – I

Find ‘audio-ambiguity’ in the lyrics of a song.

Email me with: the title the lyrics with the ambiguity highlighted

what the words sound like to you what the words really are

a sound file (if possible) Choose I or II, or both for 1.5 total points…

Identical, but distinct

Write ‘rite’ ‘rait’

Boiling Springs Bowlin’ Spraings

Others?

Speech vs. Orthography

Did he believe Caesar could see the people seize the seas? Red Green Blue

You Tell Me: The silly amoeba stole the key to the machine

(identify the [i]’s)

Why so Many Discrepancies?

Developmental influences Old system Global language Phonological changes (next chapter) Variation in speech & writing

Phonetics Defined

The branch of linguistics that studies the inventory and structure of the sounds of speech

Phonetic Disciplines

Acoustic Phonetics Articulatory Phonetics

Name One (at least) of…

The 4 ways [f] is spelled… The 6 ways “a” is pronounced Multiple letters making only one

sound <gh> in “enough” Find another…

IPA Familiarize yourself

Charts inside the covers of the textbook

front (vowels) & back (consonants) Focus on American English sounds…

Be able to: Produce each sound Identify sounds from description Provide description of sounds Transcribe words

For your Transcription

Use the Charts See also:

http://www.paulmeier.com/ipa/charts.html

http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/%7Edanhall/phonetics/sammy.html (this one helps you visualize how sounds are made… But beware, Sammy offers lots of symbols we don’t need…)

A. Nasal Cavity

(nasal)

B. Soft Palate (Velum)

(velar)

C. Epiglottis

(glottal)

D. Vocal cords

(voicing)

E. Tongue – Back

F. Tongue – Front

G. Tongue – Tip

H. Teeth

(dental)

I. Lips

(labio)

J. Alveolar Ridge

(alveolar)

K. Hard Palate

(palatal)

B

C

D

G

I

H

J

A

EF

Vocal Tract (for SAE sounds):

K

Be ready to identify these areas and talk about what sounds they produce.

Voiced or Voiceless? Put your hands over your ears

OR on your larynx: [s] bus sip [z] buzz zip

thin tooth

these bathe

Except for ‘Approximates’, on the chartthe 1st line = voiceless, 2nd line = voiced

Consonants (inside the back cover)

Manners of Articulation

Places of Articulation Chart follows the mouth – front to

back…

Approximates

What’s the difference?

Pronounce each of the following [p] & [t] [t] & [k] [k] & [g]

[ f ] & [ h ] [ r ] & [ l ]

Manner of Articulation?

Find words for each…

What are these? (try it without the chart first…)

Stop (stops air flow) Nasal (air into nasal

cavity) Fricative (air barely

escapes) Affricate (stop + fricative) Approximate (almost a vowel…)

Place of Articulation?

What are these? (try it without the chart first…)

Bilabial (two lips together) Labiodental (teeth meet lips) Interdental (tongue between teeth) Alveolar (tongue on Alv. Ridge) Alveolarpalatal (tongue btn A.R. & palate) Velar (back of tongue on velum) Glotttal (epiglottis stops air flow)

Get Some Exercise

Find Place & Manner for What’re the IPA symbols for these sounds:

Voiced interdental fricative Glottal fricative Voiceless alveopalatal affricate High front tense vowel

How can the following sounds be categorized?

Any Questions…

…before we move on?

Position Matters

Try it yourself: Say “key” then “caw”

Try not to move your tongue… Does it sound normal?

Vowels

Tongue

Lips

Nasalization

Diphthongs

Get Some Exercise

Transcribe the vowels in the following words. Which have the same vowel?

back sat [ ]cot caught [ ]ooze deuce [ ]mouse cow [ ]hide height [ ]

Suprasegmentals (prosodic features)

Length Ooooouuuuch! Pitch “e” … vs. Eeeek! Loudness ‘Hi’ vs. HI! Stress She said what? Tone Mom vs. (aww)

Môm

Representing Sounds

Transcription Syllables Segments Features

Get Some Exercise

Transcription: “I scream for ice cream”

Segments How many in “I scream for ice cream”?

Syllables How many in “I scream for ice cream”?

Features What are the features of [s], [m], and [i]?

Kinds of Sound Change Assimilation (become more alike)

Nasalization Voicing Flapping

Dissimilation (become less alike) Elision // Deletion (take a sound away) Epenthesis // Intrusion (add a sound) Metathesis (shift sounds around) Vowel Reduction (shorten or ‘schwa’ a sound)

Kinds of Sound Change

Sound Safari – II

Find example words for one subcategory of each sound change in the previous slide

Email me the examples highlighting where/how each takes place

Choose I or II, or both for 1.5 total points…

If You Were in Charge… Revisited

…would you implement a spelling system with a “one for one”

correspondence between spoken & written words?

Why or Why Not?

For “Tomorrow” Exercises

Be aware of these: 3-1,2,3,4,5,7,10

Spend time on these 3-11,12,13

BTW, nothing in this chapter was ‘skippable’

Read Chapter 4 Start your transcription