7/28/2019 Phonetics & Phonology ~ Theoretical 2

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7/28/2019 Phonetics & Phonology ~ Theoretical 2

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Phonetics: studies the physical description of the actual sounds used in human languages

(how the sounds are made and perceived).

Phonology: way the sounds are organized into patterns and symbols (how the sounds can be

combined and how they affect each other).

[ t ]: tuck, stuck, cut.

- Physical properties are different.

- Phonologically, they are the same sound.- Phonetically, they are 3 different sounds.

tl at the beginning of the word.- Phonetically possible.

- Phonologically impossible in English.

[ k ]: key, ski, sick.[ k ], [ ku ], [k ]

Two levels of representation:

abstract (same sound)

concrete (different sounds)

/ k / phoneme (abstract)

[ k ] allophone (concrete)

p u t s p t s t p

/ p /

[ pu ] [ p ] [ p ]