7/28/2019 Phonetics and Phonology ~ Theoretical 6

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Manner of articulation:

a) Classification according to kind of obstruction:

- Total: complete / intermitent.

- Partial.

- Narrowing.Complete closure:

Plosives: complete obstruction to the air

fast sound.

Affricates: complete closure slow sound.

Nasal: soft palate is lowered.

Intermitent closure:

Trill (or) roll: perro.

Tap: very (Scotish) & linking r.

Partial closure:

Lateral (approximate).

Narrowing: approximation between articulator (with orwithout friction).

Close-approximation friction:fricatives: /s/ /z/ /f/ /v/ /h/ / / // / / / /.

Open-approximation without friction:approximant or frictionless continuant:

/ / /j/ /w/.b) Classification according to noise component:

- Obstruents (there is noise):

Plosives.

Affricates.

Fricative.- Sonorants (there is no noise):

Nasal.

Lateral approximant.

Approximant.

c) Classification according to the degree of breath and muscular effort:

- Fortis voiceless.

- Lenis voiced.

Words ending in a voiced sound other than sibilant sounds from the 3rd person singular,

possessive and plural, add the post-alveolar fricative sounds.For sibilant sounds add / z/.