NURUL AMALINA BT CHE AZMI

AMIRAH ATHIRAH BT MOHD ALIAS

PHONEMIC ANALYSIS

PROBLEMS IN

PHONEMIC

ANALYSIS

Affricates

The English Vowel

System

Syllabic Consonan

tsCluster of ‘s’ with

Plosive

Schwa /ə/

Distinctive

Features

AFFRICATES /ʧ, ʤ/ - are composed of a plosive

and a fricative.

2 ways to analyse phoneme:

Not able to combine freely with other consonants to form consonant cluster except in final position limited words

Single phoneme

/ʧ/ and /ʤ/ Two phonemes

/t/+/ʃ/ and

/d/+/ʒ/

THE ENGLISH VOWEL SYSTEM

Reduces the number of vowel phonemes – long vowels and diphthongs.

Long vowel (2 short vowels)• ɪ ɪ i: ʊ ʊ u:

Diphthongs (basic vowel + i/u/ə)• ej ei əw əuLong vowels & diphthongs (vowel + consonants)• tj ti: əh ɜ:

SYLLABIC CONSONAN

TS

A vowel and a consonant that are combined.

Symbolised by the mark (ˌ)

Syllabic

Hungary

Phonetically - /hʌŋgərɪ/ (but, /ə/ is not pronounced)

Becomes - /hʌŋgrɪ/

Non-syllabic

hungry

/hʌŋgrɪ/

E.g.:

CLUSTER OF S WITH PLOSIVE

Represented by phonemes

/p/, /t/ and /k/ preceded by s.

Unaspirated plosive.

E.g. in ‘spit’ ‘stilt’ ‘skit’

Mostly occurs in weak syllables/ə/ phoneme has 2 allophones /ə/ and /ʌ/

but there is no minimal pairs found to show contrast E.g. : cup - /kəp/ or /kʌp/

/ə/ also represents as an allophone of several other vowels (when the phoneme occurs in unstressed syllable)

E.g. : /ʤɜ:ˈmænɪk/ - Germanic /ˈʤɜ:mən/ - German

SCHWA /Ə/

/ʌ/ - weak syllable with stress

/ə/ - weak syllable with no stress

DISTINCTIVE FEATURES

Phonemes are combinations of different features, not independent and indivisible unit

Each phoneme has certain features that others do not have

/p/ - voiceless + bilabial + stop

/d/ - voiced + alveolar + stop

E.g.: