philosophy of law exam review

8/17/2019 Philosophy of Law Exam Review

1/17

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW EXAM REVIEW

PATERNALISM OBEDIENCE TO LAW CASESShort answer

Each worth !" #ar$s

O%era&& '!( #ar$s

One #e)*+# &en,th

answer

Between (!' #ar$s

Cho*ce o- " o+t o- .

/+est*ons

Worth 0!1 #ar$s each

Co#2rehens*%e )e3n*t*onan) e4a#2&e 5)*6erent

e4a#2&e -or each7

T82es9

Narrow % Broa)

I#2+re % P+re

So-t % Har)

Wea$ % Stron,

We&-are % Mora&

:ohn St+art M*&&

:+st*3cat*on an)Ar,+#ent -or o;&*,at*on

to o;e8 the &aw

E+thanas*aDecr*#*na&*


2/17

PATERNALISM

Narrow

Inter-erence %*a law state 2aterna&*s#

E4a#2&e9 New Yor$ C*t8 ;ann*n, &ar,eso)as

Iss+e9 &ots o- &oo2ho&es> ar;*trar8 an)

ca2r*c*o+s who se&&s> what *s so&)>

re3&&s

Broad

Inter-erence %*a interpersonal context

E4a#2&e9 Ph8s*c*an not &ett*n, 2at*ent$now cr+c*a& *n-o a;o+t con)*t*on as *t

wo+&) *nter-ere w*th hea&*n, 2rocess

Pure

Inter-erence to ;ene3t that person

E4a#2&e9 Ma$*n, s+*c*)e a cr*#e>

#an)ator8 seat;e&t +se> #an)ator8

heet +se> -orce) ;&oo) trans-+s*ons

-or :eho%ahs w*tnesses

Iss+e9 #a8 &ea) 2eo2&e to sto2 )o*n,the act ent*re&8

Impure

Inter-erence to ;ene3t another person

E4a#2&e9 s#art ser%e &*cens*n,>

re,+&at*n, a)%ert*s*n, to )*sco+ra,e

s#o$*n,

Soft

Inter-erence when not mentally

competent

E4a#2&e9 s+;?ect to *n%o&+ntar8

hos2*ta&* +n$nown to the#> *s

+nsa-e an) there *s no t*#e to war#

the#> 8o+ #a8 t+rn the# ;ac$ w*tho+t

*n-r*n,e#ent ,*%en the*r )es*re *s not to

-a&& o6

Means9 cross*n, the ;r*),e

En)9 to ,et to the other s*)e

Strong

Inter-ere w*th ends on the grounds they

may be mistaken of their end goal

E4a#2&e9 ;an ;ac$co+ntr8 s$**n,

En)9 S$* *n +n#a*nta*ne) areas

Ca+ses r*s$ an) e4tens*%e reso+rces to

sa-e *n *n?+re)

Welfare

Inter-ere to protect the emotional,

physiological, and social well being

E4a#2&e9 Protect 2rost*t+tes -ro# r*s$

o- %*o&ence an) )*seases

Moral

Inter-ere to protect “moral” well-being

E4a#2&e9 Ban 2rost*t+t*on to 2rotect

2rost*t+tes -ro# e42&o*tat*on

JSM and the Harm Prn!ple

The e4ce2t*on -or 2aterna&*s# *s that a 2erson cannot se&& the#se&%es *nto s&a%er8

as *t 2roh*;*ts -+t+re +se


3/17

"#eden!e to Law

D*&e##a9 Whether or not *t wo+&) ;e J$ST -or Socrates to atte#2t esca2e :+st*3cat*on

o- &aws where an8 c*t* the8 #a8 chan,e the*r #*n)s so he sho+&) ;e a&*%e -or that

Re?ecte) o2t*on o- e4*&e> he cannot r+n o6 as a &aw;rea$er an) a;an)on

h*s 2ost

o- Cons*)erat*on

@ Fr*en)s o- Socrates w*&& ;e 2+n*she) as acco#2&*ces *n esca2e"@ Another 2o&*s w*&& %*ew h*# as a )estro8er o- &aws0@ Wo+&) #a$e e4*&es o- h*s ch*&)ren


4/17

E+thanas*a

Argument%

Ro)r*,+e 2roh*;*t*n, ter#*na&&8 *&& 2erson -ro# access*n, 2h8s*c*an!

ass*ste) s+*c*)e *n-r*n,es on the r*,ht to e/+a&*t8 5Sec@ (7

Carter9 A+tono#8Se&-!Deter#*nat*on> re/+est -or ass*ste) s+*c*)ePr*nc*2&es an) Theor*es9

@ Harm prn!ple s2here o- &*;ert8 an) a+tono#8 5a;*&*t8 to ;e se&-!

,o%ern*n,7> sect*on 5&*-e> &*;ert8 an) sec+r*t87 sho+&) a&&ow -or the r*,ht to

)*e as the )eath *s *nc&+)e) In &*-e"@ Paternal%m9 welfare 52rotect*on o- e#ot*ona&> 2h8s*o&o,*ca& an) soc*a&

we&&!;e*n,7 % moral 0@ E(ualt' and Ant)d%!rmnaton9 sect*on ". *n-r*n,es on 2r*nc*2&es o-

-+n)a#enta& -ree)o#s as the r*,ht to w*th)rawa& &*-e s+22ort *s a&&owe) ;+t

ass*ste) )8*n,> wh*ch *s s*#*&ar *n 2r*nc*2&e> *s )en*e)@*+ ,ualt' of Lfe

Roote) *n Gt*&*tar*an*s# 5,reatest ,oo) -or ,reatest a#o+nt o- 2eo2&e7A+tono#8Conse/+ent*a&*st #ora& theor8+a&*t8 o- &*-e -actors9 ca2ac*t8 to e42er*ence 2&eas+re an) 2a*n> rat*ona&*t8>

#e#or*esre&at*onsh*2s> #a$e ,oa&s an) 2&ans to carr8 o+t@Va&+*n, ?+),e#ents9 so#e &*%es> when -+&& o- s+6er*n,> #a8 not ;e worth

&*%*n, 5ne,at*%e +t*&*t8 2os*t*%e +t*&*t87*&&*n,9 $*&&*n, *s #ora&&8 ;a) *- &*-e *s %a&+a;&e 5?+st*3e) *- &*-e *s one o-

e4cess*%e 2a*n or &ow %a&+e7-+ San!tt' of Lfe

Res2ect -or 2ersons an) the +n*/+e %a&+e o- h+#an &*-e@

A&& h+#an &*%es ha%e %a&+e an) #ere e4*stence *s the +&t*#ate %a&+e.+ Wrongne%% of /llngRoote) *n )eonto&o,89 #ora& a,ents sho+&) act to -+&3&& )+t*esNo conse/+ent*a&*st #ora& theor8E%en *- re/+est ass*stance *n )8*n,> $*&&*n, *s wron, 5wron, to $*&& the

*nnocent> e4c&+)e) *s ca2*ta& 2+n*sh#ent an) war7Case an) Reason*n, o- :+),esRODRI=GEJ9 O+tco#e co##*tte) s+*c*)e +n)er ass*stance o- 2h8s*c*anBCCA9 Nat+re o- *&&ness N"T &e,a& s8ste# wh*ch restr*cte) -ree)o# o- cho*ce 5Sec@


5/17

". )oes not )*scr*#*nate on ,ro+n)s o- 2h8s*ca& )*sa;*&*t87D*ssent9

Pro%*s*on wh*ch imposes senseless

su!ering to those who w*&& )*e short&8

)oes not con-or# to 2r*nc*2&es o-

-+n)a#enta& ?+st*ce@ "eath is a part oflife itself#

S+2re#e Co+rt he&) section $%& infringed on rights but to a reasonable limit

where ;&an$et 2roh*;*t*on *s necessar8

Ma?or*t8

Se!ton 09 Sec+r*t8 *s r*,ht to #a$e

cho*ces concern*n, ones own ;o)8

AGTONOMY

San!tt' of lfe9 a&&ow*n, ass*ste)

s+*c*)e +n)er#*nes sanct*t8 o- &*-e an)

re-or# wo+&) see# as *- state con)one)

s+*c*)e

Prote!tng the 1ulnera#le9 *n so that

the8 are not 2ress+re) *nto re/+est*n,

Se!ton 2-9 2roh*;*t*on )*scr*#*nates

those who are +na;&e to co##*t

s+*c*)e@ Tho+,h ?+st*3e) ,*%en 2+r2ose

o- sect*on was to 2rotect -ro# other

want*n, to contro& the*r &*-e

Ju%t3ed nfrngement9 e4ce2t*ons

create *ne/+a&*t8 an) &ea) to Ks&*22er8

s&o2e o- -+&& acce2tance> nee)

sa-e,+ar)s to 2re%ent a;+se

Se!ton 249 2roh*;*t*on const*t+te)

cr+e& an) +n+s+a& 2+n*sh#ent ,*%en *t

-orces her to en)+re 2ro&on,e)

s+6er*n, +nt*& )eath@ Co+rt ar,+e)

#ere 2roh*;*t*on o- act*on wo+&) not

const*t+te treat#ent@

D*ssent ONE

Se!ton 2-9 sect*on ". creates

*ne/+a&*t8 as )*sa;&e) are +na;&e to

co##*t s+*c*)e w*tho+t ass*stance an)

s2ec+&at*on o- a;+se to s8ste# )oes

not ?+st*-8 restr*ct*ons

Impl!aton of !hange% n the law9

re2ea& o- 2roh*;*t*on *n)*cates that

,o%ern#ent no &on,er ;e&*e%es

2reser%at*on o- &*-e o%err*)es se&-

)eter#*nat*on

Remed'9 s+s2en) )ec&arat*on o-

*n%a&*)*t8 -or one 8ear -or &e,a& re-or#

Ro)r*,+e< 5an) other7 ,rante)

const*t+t*on e4e#2t*on

Safeguard%9

• Const*t+t*ona& e4e#2t*on

• Cert*3e) ;8 2h8s*c*an an)

2s8ch*atr*st

• Da*&8 e4a#*nat*ons

• Per#*ss*on e42*res a-ter 0 )a8s

DISSENT TWO

Se!ton 09 Cr*#*na& Co)e 2roh*;*ts

a+tono#8 an) *n-r*n,es on sect*on re9

sec+r*t8@ S+e s+6ers ;eca+se -ear the

s8ste# #a8 s+6er a;+se

"1er#road and Ar#trar'9 Ro)r*,+e<

sca2e,oate) -or others who #*,ht ;e

2ers+a)e) to co##*t s+*c*)e


6/17

Re%pon%e to Ma5ort'9 &aws a&&ow -or

se&-!)e-ence ?+st*-8 $*&&*n,

A!t1e 1 Pa%%1e d%tn!ton9

w*th)rawa& o- s+22ort % act*%e*nter%ent*on@ D*st*nct*on *s ar;*trar8@

DISSENT THREE

Rght to de wth dgnt'9 2rtecte)

+n)er sect*on CARTER9 )*e) o- nat+ra& ca+ses

Tr*a& Co+rt9 provisions which prohibit assisted suicide breach the charter @ =&or*a>

who 2ersona&&8 re/+este)> -ree o- coerc*on> not )e2ressant w*th a #ater*a&

)*sa;*&*t8 that w*&& ne%er *#2ro%e an) a co#2etent a)+&t> sat*s3es con)*t*ons@

R*s$s can ;e a%o*)e) %*a sa-e,+ar)s

=rante) =&or*a const*t+t*ona& e4e#2t*on 2er#*tt*n, ass*ste) s+*c*)eFe)era& =o%ern#ent9 +2ho&)s const*t+t*on that 2rotects h+#an &*-e@S+2re#e Co+rt9 ass*ste) s+*c*)e 2roh*;*t*on *s o%er;roa) -or those en)+r*n,

*nto&era;&e s+6er*n, o- *rre#e)*a;&e #e)*ca& con)*t*on@ In-r*n,e#ent o- charter *s

not a reasona;&e &*#*t@

E4ten)s the r*,ht to re-+se treat#ent to rght to !on%entng to re!e1e

treatment that wll end lfe

R*,ht to &*-e *s r*,ht not to )*e@ 'ndividuals can waive their right to life#

,ualt' of lfe SCC concerns o- a+tono#8 an) /+a&*t8 o- &*-e are &*;ert8 an)

sec+r*t8

Sanct*t8 o- &*-e one o- o+r -+n)a#enta& %a&+es res2ect*n, the %a&+e o- h+#an &*-e>

as we&& as enco#2ass*n, &*;ert8 an) sec+r*t8 )oes not re/+*re that a&& h+#an &*-e

;e 2reser%e) at a&& cost

L#ert'6 2roh*;*t*on *n-r*n,es on &*;ert8 the r*,ht to non!*nter-erence ;8 the

state

Se!urt'6 *n-r*n,es ;eca+se *t restr*cts ;o)*&8 *nte,r*t8

7gnt' and autonom'9 cr+c*a& cho*ces a;o+t en)*n, ones K&*-e&on, %a&+es area cr*t*ca& #atter *n )*,n*t8 an) a+tono#8

Parallel% to nformed !on%ent9 re#o%a& o- &*-e s+sta*n*n, e/+*2#ent *s a&&owe)>

)en8*n, r*,ht to ass*ste) s+*c*)e *s h82ocr*t*ca&

78eren!e from Rodrgue99

SCC )*) not 3n) -+n)a#enta& ?+st*ce ?+st*3e) *n-r*n,e#ent o- &*-e> &*;ert8 an)


7/17

sec+r*t8 5contrar8 to Ma?or*t8 *n Ro)r*,+e

re)+ce costs 5)r+, contro& &aws7>

*nc&+s*on *nto soc*et8 o- the once

#ar,*na&* *ncrease) re%en+e -or

,o%ern#ent

:ontnued :rmnal Proh#ton

(ene)ts9 a%o*)*n, )r+, a))*ct*on an)

or,an*


8/17

#ar*?+ana@;7 I#2r*son#ent )oes not *ncrease

we&&;e*n,> *t *s )e,ra)*n,@c7 I#2r*son#ent o- those

%+&nera;&e to the r*s$ o- )r+,

a;+se are &*$e&8 to ;e ne,at*%e&8

*#2acte) ;8 *#2r*son#ent@)7 I- *#2r*son#ent on&8 ,*%en to

a)+&tsnon!%+&nera;&e> then the8

are a #eans to the en) o-

2rotect*n, the %+&nera;&e

1ocus on harm reduction

tility

a7 Cr*#e rates are &*$e&8 to &ower

,*%en )ecr*#*na&*


9/17

Alcohol, tobacco, narcotics v marijuana

a7 H*,her rate o- )*sease than

#ar*?+ana;7 H*,her rate o- )e2en)enc8 than

#ar*?+anac7 H*,her rate o- r*s$ to others than

#ar*?+ana 5)r*%*n, +n)er the

*n+ence7Connections to reasoning

ISS$E9 cr*#*na&* or)er> hea&th an)

%+&nera;&e 2eo2&e

7%%ent

Law *s ar;*trar8 an)

)*s2ro2ort*onate as a

res2onse to soc*a&

2ro;&e#s

Cho*ce o- cr*#*na& &aw to

contro& con)+ct to h*,h

r*s$ ,ro+2s *s o+t o-

$ee2*n, w*th stan)ar)s o- ?+st*ce

I#2r*son#ent reser%e)

-or con)+ct wh*ch 2oses

reasone) r*s$ o- har# to

others an) har# to

*)ent*3a;&e *n)*%*)+a&s


10/17

s*,n*3cant> #+st

we*,h nat+re an)

e4tent

.unishment issue

a7 On&8 *n a,,ra%ate)c*rc+#stances w*&&

*#2r*son#ent ;e a

3t sentence -or the

%+&nera;&e;7 =*%en no #*n*#+#

an) we&&!

esta;&*she)

sentenc*n,

2r*nc*2&es> *t )oes

not %*o&ate

-+n)a#enta&

?+st*ce *n ;e*n,

,ross&8

)*s2ro2ort*onatec7 Not o%er;roa) as

narrower 2os*t*on

wo+&) not ;e

e6ect*%e

)*c+&t to /+ant*-8

Harm to others

I#2a*re) )r*%*n, *s

se2arate *ss+e -ro#

s*#2&e 2ossess*onI#2act on hea&thcare too

re#ote

4esponse to majority

a7 Who *s #ore&ess

&*$e&8 to ;e

*#2r*sone) not

#e#;ers o-

%+&nera;&e ,ro+2s>

those who )o not

2ose har# tothe#se&%es or

other;7 State cannot

2re%ent ,enera&

2o2+&at*on -ro#

en,a,*n, *n

con)+ct that *s

har#&ess to the#

on the ;as*s that

other #ore

%+&nera;&e 2ersons

#a8 har#

the#se&%esc7 =o%ern#ent *s

tr8*n, to 2re%ent

&ow /+ant+# o-

har# to soc*et8 at

h*,h cost to

*n)*%*)+a&s

5INFRIN=MENT OF

SECTION 7Malmo-Levine; Tracing mari!uana

Consens+sSect*on ( ar,+#ent

)*s#*sse) as *t *s not a

2ersona& character*st*c

Sect*on cha&&en,e a&so

-a*&e)


11/17

Pro%ttuton

Phlo%oph!al Argument%:lu%ter%

7 Legal moral%m9 #ora& an) soc*a&4< Plan %e=07 Welfare Paternal%t9 2h8s*ca& an) e#ot*ona&*< Market >reedom(7 >emn%t :rt(ue%9 ant*!contractar*an> )o#*nat*on> a&*enat*on an)

co##o)*3cat*on to 2re%ent har#s to ;o)*&8 *n%as*on> #a&e o22ress*on>

a&*enat*on an) co##o)*3cat*on o- se4+a&*t8> sacr*3ce to a+tono#8Q7 Mod3ed >emn%t :rt(ue%9 ant*!e42&o*tat*on an) st*,#at* e42&o*tat*on7e!rmnal9aton

Autonomy

Harm .rinciple V*ct*#&ess cr*#e

a7 Consens+a&5iberty

.aternalism

;7 Broa) 2aterna&*s# *n -a%o+r o-

re-or#

Anti-0oralism

a7 P&a*n se4 ar,+#ent;7 St*,#a res+&t o- c+&t+ra& ta;oos>

re?ect*on o- we&-are 2aterna&*s#

as *t *s create) ;8 st*,#ac7 Re?ect*on o- con%ent*ona&

#ora&*t82*uality and 1eminist 6heory

a7 Ant*!st*,#at* s+;or)*nat*onc@ A&*#entat*on an)

co##o)*3cat*on o-

se4+a&*t89 a&*enates

se4+a&*t8> t+rn*n, or,ans

*nto co##o)*t*es)@ Sacr*3ce o- a+tono#89

a&&ows -or contro& o- others

7antian 1eminist+

2rost*t+t*on re2resents e4tre#es o-

*ne/+a&*t8 where 2rost*t+te *s

o;?ect*3e)> co##o)*3e) an) e42&o*te)

5#eans to c+sto#ers en)s7

8lobal Human 6ra3cking


12/17

riminal nderworld 2mpowerment:onne!ton% and Rea%onng of Judge%

ISS$E6 Decr*#*na&*


13/17

Supreme :ourt

Gnan*#o+s )ec*s*on

Contrar8 to -+n)a#enta& ?+st*ce

4ights infringement not a reasonable limit

Laws impose dangerous conditions

Bawd' hou%e

O;?ect*%e9 co#;at n+*sance *n -a%o+r o- 2+;&*c hea&th an) sa-et8

Fo+n) grossly disproportionate as *t *n-r*n,es on sa-et8

L1ng o8 the a1al%

O;?ect*%e9 tar,et 2*#2s an) other e42&o*tat*%e re&at*onsh*2s

Fo+n) o%er;roa) as *t tar,ets other &e,*t*#ate re&at*onsh*2s that *ncrease sec+r*t8

:ommun!aton

O;?ect*%e9 co#;at n+*sance *n -a%o+r o- sa-et8 an) hea&th o- 2+;&*c

Fo+n) ,ross&8 )*s2ro2ort*onate as *t *n-r*n,es on sa-et8

Infrngement% on %e!ton 0 were not rea%ona#le &*#*ts


14/17

Hate Spee!h

"ate SpeechAr,+#ents *nc&+)*n, )e3n*t*ons an) )e-enses *n e4*st*n, &aw

Hate Spee!h

E42ress*on a*#e) to ca+se e4tre#e o6ence an) %*&*-8 a+)*ence

Mot*%at*on *s to *nc*te -ear an) hatre)

Pre#*se) on )en*a& o- e/+a&*t8 -or a&&

Propaganda

Contr*;+tes &*tt&e to the as2*rat*ons o- Cana)*ans *n e*ther a /+est -or tr+th>

2ro#ot*on o- *n)*%*)+a& se&-!)e%e&o2#ent or 2rotect*on o- )e#ocrac8

D*sse#*nat*on o- *)eas> *n-or#at*on or r+#o+r -or the 2+r2ose o- he&2*n,*n?+r*n,

an *nst*t+t*on

=enera&&8 ;*ase)#*s&ea)*n, *n nat+re

:hara!ter%t!% of Propaganda

&; Pro#ot*on o- self-serving ends$; P+r2oses o- gaining power, control, manipulation

07 Fa*&+re to respect autonomy %; 'ndi!erence to the truth>; .otential bias, deception

Prn!ple and Theore%7e!rmnal9aton

"8en%e prn!ple

It *s ,oo) to cr*#*na&&8 2roh*;*t

so#eth*n, to 2re%ent ser*o+s o6ense

5as o22ose to *n?+r8 or har#7 to 2ersons

an) wo+&) &*$e&8 ;e an e6ect*%e #eans

to that en) *- enacte)

O6ense *s an anno8ance to so#eone@

The 2erson e42er*ences a )*s&*$e) state

ca+se) ;8 wron,-+& con)+ct@

E%a&+ate) ;8

7 E4tent 5*ntens*t8> #a,n*t+)e>

)+ra;*&*t87"7 N+#;er o- 2eo2&e o6en)e)07 Reasona;&8 a%o*)a;&e

:rmnal9aton

Harm prn!ple

D*rect 2h8s*ca& an) r*,hts )e2r*%*n,

har# *)ent*3a;&e *n)*%*)+a&s

Does not 2ro%*)e s+c*ent ?+st*3cat*on

-or &e,a& 2rotect*on a,a*nst wron,-+&

con)+ct o- others

:hllng E8e!t

there *s the concern that *t w*th sto2

2eo2&e -ro# ta$*n, act*on o+t o- -ear o-

conse/+ences

:hallenge% to E?!a!' @de%red


15/17

E(ualt'

Mult!ultural%m

:rt!al Ra!e Theor'

>emn%t Legal Theor'

E?!a!' @de%red re%ult ;8 co##+n*cat*n, state#ents> other than *n 2r*%ate

con%ersat*on> w*&&-+&&8 2ro#otes hatre) a,a*nst an8 *)ent*3a;&e ,ro+2 *s ,+*&t8 o-

7efen%e

riminal ode, Sect*on 09

507 No 2erson sha&& ;e con%*cte) o- an o6ence +n)er s+;sect*on 5"7

5a7 *- he esta;&*shes that the state#ents co##+n*cate) were tr+e

5;7 *-> *n ,oo) -a*th> he e42resse) or atte#2te) to esta;&*sh ;8 ar,+#ent an

o2*n*on on a re&*,*o+s s+;?ect

5c7 *- the state#ents were re&e%ant to an8 s+;?ect o- 2+;&*c *nterest> the

)*sc+ss*on o- wh*ch was -or the 2+;&*c ;ene3t> an) *- on reasona;&e ,ro+n)s

he ;e&*e%e) the# to ;e tr+e or5)7 I-> *n ,oo) -a*th> he *nten)e) to 2o*nt o+t> -or the 2+r2ose o- re#o%a&>

#atters 2ro)+c*n, or ten)*n, to 2ro)+ce -ee&*n,s o- hatre) towar)s an

*)ent*3a;&e ,ro+2 *n Cana)a@

Ma5ort'

Hate s2eech *s har#-+&>

as we&& as o6ens*%e to the

tar,ete) ,ro+2s an) the

soc*et8 at &ar,e@ Free)o#

o- s2eech *s not the r*,ht

to %*&*-8

Harm

Ps8cho&o,*ca& )*stress

Increase) acts o-

)*scr*#*nat*on

Lac$ o- se&-!-+&3&ent

D*scor) ;etween %ar*o+s

:on%en%u%

Hate s2eech -a&&s +n)er

sect*on " 2rotect*on9 r*,ht

*s *n-r*n,e) ;8 cr*#*na&

2roh*;*t*on

5r*,ht *s not a;so&+te9 a&&

*#2ortant %a&+es #+st ;e;a&ance)7

7%%ent

Foc+s on ;a&anc*n, an)

2ro2ort*ona&*t8

Inter2retat*on o- M*&&s

ar,+#ent

:la%h of 1ew%1alua#le

Thro+,h c&ash o- e4tre#e

%*ews> the tr+th an)

)e#ocrat*c %*s*on

re#a*ns %*,oro+s an)

a&*%e


16/17

c+&t+ra& ,ro+2s

Argument of truth

In *ts e4tre#e> we wo+&)

ha%e to 2er#*t the

co##+n*cat*on o- a&&e42ress*on an) *t wo+&)

;e *#2oss*;&e to $now

w*th certa*nt8 what *s the

tr+th

Truth and 7emo!ra!'

To 2ortra8 #*s&ea)*n,

state#ents as cr+c*a& to

tr+th an) the ;etter#ent

o- the 2o&*t*ca& an) soc*a&

#*&*e+ *s #*s,+*)e)

7emo!ra!'

Part*c*2at*on rests on

not*on that a&& are e/+a&@

Tho+,h 2ro2a,an)a *s

,enera&&8 2o&*t*ca& an) at

the heart o- e42ress*on>

s+ch e42ress*on can

+n)er#*ne o+r

co##*t#ent to

)e#ocrac8 when +se) to

2ro2a,ate *)eas

Proportonalt'

L*#*t*n, r*,ht rat*ona&e *s

that there *s an

*#2ortance *n 2rotect*n,

certa*n ,ro+2s

Foster*n, har#on*o+s

soc*a& re&at*onsh*2s

E4c&+)*n, 2r*%ate

con%ersat*ons

Hate %pee!h !harge%

defenda#le f

7 Tr+th"7 =oo) -a*th on

re&*,*o+s #atter07 P+;&*c *nterest

Low 1alue argument %

!r!ular

I- one state#ent *s

)an,ero+s an) w*tho+t

%a&+e> then *t can ;e

conc&+)e) that noco##on ?+st*3cat*ons -or

2rotect*n, -ree)o# o-

e42ress*on are ser%e) ;8

*t

:hallenge n 1alung

%pee!h

What *s o- re)ee#a;&e

%a&+e

:hallenge to e?!a!'!lam%

Note) *n h*stor8 that hate

2ro2a,an)a &aws )*) not

2re%ent the Na there *s the

concern that *t w*th sto2

2eo2&e -ro# ta$*n, act*on

o+t o- -ear o-

conse/+ences


17/17

.7 =oo) -a*th atte#2t

at re#o%a&

Re%pon%e%

6ruth9 hate s2eech -a&se

an) w*)e&8 $nown to ;e-a&se

/elf-4eali?ation9 +2ho&)

hate#on,ers OR %*ct*#s

an) soc*et8 sho+&)

2rotect %*ct*#s

"emocracy 9 co#2et*n,

*nter2retat*ons

Slpper' %lope

A&&ow certa*n t82es o-e42ress*on create

encroach#ents on

e42ress*on

Remed'9 #ore than one

&e,*s&at*%e too&

Short!omng% n the

law

A;sence o- re/+*re) har#

Concern o- c*rc+#stances

s+;?ect to state scr+t*n89%*rt+a&&8 +n&*#*te)

De-ense o- tr+th #a8 not

narrow sco2e

:rmnal law argua#le

unne!e%%ar'

Process o- cr*#*na& &aw *s

se%erest soc*et8 can 2ose

Nee) -or a&ternat*%es

philosophy of law exam review

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