philosophy and atrificial inteligence
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A short glance at the most important philosophical contributions having influence on Artificial InteligenceTRANSCRIPT
Copyright 2006 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved.
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What is AI??(philosophy and AI/SW)
Maciej DąbrowskiDigital Enterprise Research Institute
National University of Ireland, Galway
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Outline
1. Motivation
2. The Godel incompletness theorem
3. The contribution of Turing
4. Penrose and the human mind
5. Conclusion
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Motivation
What is AI??
Can be defined as the study of methods by which a computer can simulate aspects of human intelligence.
• design a computer that might be able to reason for itself.
• development of systems that can work with natural language.
• ability of the computer to search knowledge in a database for the best possible reply to a question
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Motivation
What is Semantic Web ??
• Keep things relatively simple, do not seek absolute completness
The Semantic Web is an evolution of the World Wide Web in which information is machine processable, thus permitting browsers or other software agents to find, share and combine information for us more easily.
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Motivation
• What does Semantic Web has in common with Artificial Inteligence??
• Is it possible to achieve goals of AI??
• If yes – what are the concequences??
• Is it possible to achieve goals of SW??
• What are we trying to create??
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The Godel incompletness theorem
He concentrated on research on formal approach.
Godel proved that in every consistent, sufficiently general axiomatic system:
• there always exists a true proposition which cannot be deduced from the axioms
(Godel's incompleteness theorem);
• the consistency of the axioms cannot be deduced from the axioms (Godel's consistency theorem).
There exist no proof for the Godel proposition
Kurt GödelBorn: April 28, 1906
Died: January 14, 1978
Field: Mathematics
Institution: Princeton University
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The Godel incompletness theorem
Proof:
If false contradiction in the axiomatic system (impossible)
If true the preposition is true and theorem is correct
Consequences:• Formal approach is not sufficient• Mathematical meaning • Incompletness theorem stands Kurt Gödel
Born: April 28, 1906
Died: January 14, 1978
Field: Mathematics
Institution: Princeton University
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The contribution of Turing
The turing test
difference between artificial and human inteligence
The Turing machine:
• Infinite speed and memory, state machine
• any finite sequence of processing steps could becarried out in an infinitesimally small amount of time.
• Is there a general algorithm that can predict whether the Turing machine will stop with a given algorithm??
• If true all mathematical problems can be solved by formal approach
Alan TuringBorn: June 23, 1912Died: June 7, 1954Field: Mathematics,
LogicsComputer
Science
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The contribution of Turing
Conclusion
• Given the huge processing power you still cannot resolve all mathematical problems
• Existing AI cannot do what human can
• Is it possible to get computers to solve mathematical meaning?
• If yes what does human mind is??
Alan TuringBorn: June 23, 1912
Died: June 7, 1954
Field: Mathematics, Logics
Computer Science
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Penrose and the human mind
Try to look from the point of view of human mind
• There are mathematical results on the truth of certain prepositions, which can be recognized by any mathematician, but can not formally be proven
• The ideal computing device, the so-called Turing machine, can only be used for solving problems by a formal approach. Roger Penrose
Born: August 8, 1931
Field: Mathematics, Logics
Computer Science
Institution: University of Oxford
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Penrose and the human mind
Conclusion
• The existance of ‘seeing’ and ‘intuition’ are often necessary to find a solution of a problem
• Human mind has definite processing power and it is still better than Turing machine
• Is that mean that the formal approach is not sufficient?
Roger PenroseBorn: August 8, 1931
Field: Mathematics, Logics
Computer Science
Institution: University of Oxford
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Conclusion
• Formal approach is not sufficient
• What is AI then?
• Does GUT exist?
• How this affect the Semantic Web?
• What are the goals?
We cannot compare human to computer!!
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References
• Alfred Driessen – Philosophical Consequences pf the Godel Theorem
• Riccardo Bruni - Godel, Turing, the Undecidability Results and the Nature of Human Mind
• http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Penrose
• http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing
• http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUT/