PHILIPPINES UNDER JAPANESE PUPPET GOVERNMENT

MAIN OBJECTIVES1. To prevent use of Philippines as an advance American military base.2. To acquire staging areas and supply bases to enhance operations.3. To secure communication lines from japanese home Island.

THE PACIFIC WAR Japan invaded the Manchuria, China, French indo

China, and Dutch east Indies. USAFFE (July 31,1941)

o US Army Forces in The Far Easto A combined military forces of American and

Filipino Soldiers under the command of GENERAL DOUGLAS MacArthur(26 January 1880 – 5 April 1964)

USAFFE FOUR COMMANDSo North Luzon Force(Dec. 3,1941)

-Maj. Gen. Jonathan Wainrighto South Luzon Force(Dec. 13,1941)

-Brig.Gen. George Parker Jr.o Visayan Mindanao Forces

-Brig. Gen. William Sharpo USAFFE Reserved

-Gen. Douglas MacArthur Philippine National Red Cross

o Conducted practice evacuation in Manila July 10, 1941- first simulated blackout in Manila. October 6, 1941- total blackout in archipelago. December 7, 1941 ( Washington time)

o Admiral K. Nomura was in the Washington to present Japan’s peace proposal.

o PEARL HARBOR attacked by Japanese Forces in Hawaii.( naval US pacific fleet of America)

U.S. Battleships Row In Pearl Harbor1.Nevada - Just over a half hour after the Nevada was hit by one torpedo, the Nevada got underway and left its berth in Battleship Row to head toward the harbor entrance. 2.Arizona - The Arizona was struck a number of times by bombs. Approximately 1,100 of her crew were killed. A memorial has since been placed over the Arizona’s wreckage.3.Tennessee - The Tennessee was hit by two bombs and was damaged by oil fires after the nearby Arizona exploded. However, it stayed afloat.4.West Virginia - The West Virginia was hit by up to nine torpedoes and quickly sank.

5.Maryland - The Maryland was hit by two bombs but was not heavily damaged.6.Oklahoma - The Oklahoma was hit by up to nine torpedoes and then listed so severely that she turned nearly upside down. Despite being upside down, a large number of her crew remained trapped on board. 7.California - The California was struck by two torpedoes and hit by a bomb.

JAPANESE FIRST ATTACKED IN THE PHILIPPINES December 8, 1941 (Philippine time)- Under the

command of Gen. Masaharu Homma, Air Attacks conducted in Davao, Toguegarao, Zambales, Tarlac and Clark field.( airplane naval base in the Phil.)

December 9, 1941- Manila First wartime air raid by Japanese forces.

JAPANESE LANDING IN THE PHILIPPINES Appari and Vigan, Ilocos Sur (December10, 1941) Legazpi, Albay ( December 12, 1941) Davao ( December 20) Lingayen, Pangasinan (December 22, 1941)- under

command of Lt. Gen. Masaharu Homma a 45,000 Japanese troops landed.

WAR PLAN ORANGE 3 (RAINBOW 5) Master plan that ordered the withdrawal of all island

forces to Bataan peninsula. Required the evacuation of all Civilian within the

Area before the Entry of Japanese Troops.

COMMONWEALTH EXILE December 24, 1941 – Pres. Manuel Quezon , His

Family and His War Cabinet moved to Corregidor together with Sec. Justice Jose Abad Santos , Vice President Sergio Osmeña, Gen. Basilio Valdez, and Col. Manuel Nieto.

February 18, 1942 – Commonwealth left Corregidor on board Submarine Swordfish.

February 20, 1942 - Commonwealth landed in Australia to America.

MANILA AS AN OPEN CITY December 26, 1941- Gen. Douglas MacArthur

declared Manila as an Open City.JAPANESE IN MANILA

January 2, 1942- Japanese Forces entered Manila

GEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR ESCAPED

PHILIPPINES UNDER JAPANESE PUPPET GOVERNMENT

March 11, 1942- under Pres. Roosevelt, Gen Douglas MacArthur left Corregidor and went to Australia.

March 17, 1942 – after landing in Australia, Gen. MacArthur promised to Filipino people and said that “ I came Through and I Shall Return”

USFIP( US FORCES in THE PHILIPPINES) -Activated under the Command of Gen. Jonathan Wainrigth.

CORREGIDOR the tadpole shaped defensive fort of three square

miles of island at the mouth of Manila Bay had three supporting islands

• Caballo • Carabao • El Fraile

FALL OF BATAAN April 9, 1942 – under Major General Edward "Ned"

P. King, Jr, Bataan surrendered to Japanese Forces under the command of Lt. General Masaharu Homma.

DEATH MARCH (70 Km march)o The infamous Bataan Death March was one of the

greatest atrocities of World War II.o More than 75,000 U.S. and Filipino soldiers were

forced to become Prisoners of War.o This was a 70-mile forced march of American and

Filipino soldiers by Japanese forces. o Phase One: March the prisoners 19 miles to

PampangaPhase Two: Load the prisoners into 200 trucks to transport them 33 miles to a train stationPhase Three: Prisoners march 8 more miles to Camp O'Donnell

BATAAN DEATH MARCH ROUTE1. MARIVELES tp San Fernando, Pampanga (55 Km

March)2. San Fernando, Pampanga to Capas, Tarlac ( Travel by

Train herded into BoxCart)3. Capas, Tarlac to Camp O’ Donnel (Walk 7 Km to prison

camp)

VOICE OF FREEDOM- radio station inside Malinta tunnel in Corregidor.

May 6, 1942- General Jonathan Wainright broadcast the surrender of Corregidor and all troops in the Philippines.

JAPANESE MARTIAL LAW January 3, 1942- Japan Established JAPANESE

MILITARY ADMINISTRATION under Gen. Masaharu Homma as Gen. Director and imposed Martial Law in the Country.

Detention Camps became place of torture. January 23, 1942- Central Administrative

Organization established as replace in Commonwealth Government.

o Jorge Vargas – Chairman of Executive commission.

o The following was appointed as department heads:

1. Benigno Aquino, Sr.( interior), 2. Antonio de las Alas (finance),3. Jose P. Laurel (justice)4. Claro M. Recto (education, health,

and public welfare)5. Quintin Paredes (public works and

communication)6. Jose Yulo (Chief Justice of the

Supreme Court) Feb. 17 , 1942

o Japanese educational Policies enacted through Military Order No.2 (promoting Filipino culture, spiritual enrichment among Filipino families, propagation of Japanese language- Nipongo and the implementation of GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPHERITY SPHERE.)

Japanese Premier Hideki Tojo (January 21, 1942 )o “Established the Philippines for the Filipinos’o GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPHERITY

SPHERE- a long range economic plan for Japanese conquered territories.

REFORMING THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT December 2, 1942- KALIBAPI (Kapisanan ng

Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas), Organization in the Service of the New Philippines was the only Political Party allowed during this period.

o Jose Vargas – Ex Officioo Benigno Aquino-Director General

October 14, 1943- Proclamation of Philippine Independence and inauguration of Republic of the Philippines.

PUPPET REPUBLIC (October 14, 1943)– Second Republic / Japanese Sponsored-Republic.

o Jose P. Laurel –President

PHILIPPINES UNDER JAPANESE PUPPET GOVERNMENT

o Benigno Aquino, Sr-Vice President o Antonio de las Alas -Minister of financeo Claro M. Recto – Minister of Foreign Affairso Quintin Paredes – Minister of Agriculture and

Commerceo Jose Yulo - Chief Justice of the Supreme Courto Teofilo Sison- Minister of Justiceo Jose Villa – Acting Executive Secretary

GUERILLA – Anti Japanese Movements HUKBALAHAP- Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa

Hapon / People’s Anti- Japanese Army (1942) lead by Luis Taruc of Partido Komunnista ng Pilipinas .

Founded in bounderies of Nueva Ecija and Tarlac mostly consisting Peasants and Workers.

THE LEADER OF HUK’S1. LUIS TARUC 2. Castro Alejandrino3. Bernardo Poblete4. Eusebio Aquino5. Felipa Culala6. Lope Dela Rosa7. Mariano Franco

Fundamental Spirit- Document guiding principles of the Huk’s

Iron Discipline- Document duties and priviliges of Huk’s soldier.

Katubusan ng Bayan- Principal Huk Publication

JAPANESE COLLABORATORS GANAPs- Serve as Spies for the Japanese military

authorities. PULAHULANES- Acted as guides for the Japanese

in their efforts to arrest people who supported the geurilla cause.

PALAAKs – Worked as gurads for Japanese army UNITED NIPPON- Wore army uniforms as part of

Japanese Military . PAMPARS( Pambansang Pag-asa ng mga Anak ni

Rizal)- organized in Pililia, Rizal, a group members wore blue denim uniforms with short pants.

MAKAPILI(Dec.8, 1944)-[Makabayan: Katipunan ng mga Pilipino] headed by Artemio Ricarte, Benigno Ramos, Pio Duran

FIVE MORTAL ENEMIES OF FILIPINO1. Japanese Military2. Diseases3. The guerillas4. Hunger

5. Japanese paid Filipino spies

SOCIAL CONDITION

People lived with fear from Japanese atrocities.

Many people died of starvation Comport Women increased(Raped and

abused by Japanese official)

ECONOMIC CONDITION

Mickey Mouse Money – the currency used during the Japanese era

Malnutrition was rampant Kangkong became a common food to fight hunger

THE JAPANESE INFLUENCES Livelihood The Filipinos learned to engage indifferent

businesses like buy and sell and barter trade to earn a living.

In Literature, Filipinos were encouraged towrite on a condition that they would useTagalog as medium. However, the writersdid not fully enjoyed the freeedom of expression

Entertainment

RECONQUERING PHILIPPINES

Oct.20,1944- AMERICAN FLEET ON PALO,LEYTE o Together with Gen. Douglas MacArthur and

Sergio Osmena. Oct. 24 - 26, 1944 - BATTLE OF LEYTE GULF

o Greatest naval battle in historyo almost destroyed the entire Japanese fleet-

said to have signaled the beginning of Philippine liberation from the Japanese

January 9, 1945- American in Lingayen Gulf February 3, 1945- American entered in Manila March 3, 1945 – American had won the war in

Manila . April 26,1945- Baguio was captured

NOTES:

PHILIPPINES UNDER JAPANESE PUPPET GOVERNMENT

June 4, 1945- Gen. Douglas MacArthur declared independence of the Philippines from Japanese invasion

July 4, 1945- completed liberating Luzon. Aug. 6-9, 1945- Atomic bomb in Hiroshima and

Nagasaki, Emperor Hirorito declared the surrender of Japanese troops.

September 2, 1945- Formal end of world War II in Asia after signing a treaty on board USS Missouri at Tokyo Bay.

September 3,1945 (Appari, Cagayan)- The last Japanese Army troops surrendered under Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita

BY: JONALYN TIMBALBSE MATH 3B

URSR

NOTES: