The Philippines:

Human Development Index Ranking and

Progress in Achieving the Millennium Development Goals

Secretary Arsenio M. BalisacanSocioeconomic Planning Secretary and Director-General

National Economic and Development Authority

National Launch and Press Conference of the 2014 Human Development Report

and 5th PHL Progress Report on the MDGs

20 August 2014

Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria

Highlights of the

The Human

Development Report

2014

• Assesses countries’

development using the

following indices:

• Human Development

Index (HDI)

• Gender Inequality Index

• Gender Development Index

• Multidimensional Poverty

index.

Human Development Index (HDI)

• Summary measure for assessing long-term progress in

three (3) basic dimensions of human development

*Figure from the Human Development Report 2014 Technical Notes

The Philippines’ HDI increased by 16.5% between 1980 and

2013. The Philippines ranked 117 out of 187 countries in 2013.

Life expectancy

at birth

Expected years

of schooling

(Children)

Mean

years of

schooling

(Adults)

GNI per capita

(2005 PPP$)HDI value

1980 62.2 10.3 6.1 4,404 0.566

1985 63.8 10.5 6.7 3,926 0.578

1990 65.2 10.8 7.1 3,945 0.591

1995 66.0 11.0 7.5 4,093 0.605

2000 66.8 11.4 8.0 4,241 0.619

2005 67.5 11.6 8.6 4,791 0.638

2010 68.2 11.3 8.9 5,628 0.651

2011 68.4 11.3 8.9 5,726 0.652

2012 68.5 11.3 8.9 6,060 0.656

2013 68.7 11.3 8.9 6,381 0.660

Philippines’ HDI for 2013 is higher than the average

for countries in the medium human development

group, but lower than the average in EAP.

relative to selected countries and groups

HDI valueHDI

rank

Life

expectanc

y at birth

Expected

years of

schooling

Mean

years of

schooling

GNI per

capita

(PPP US$)

Philippines 0.660 117 68.7 11.3 8.9 6,381

Thailand 0.722 89 74.4 13.1 7.3 13,364

Indonesia 0.684 108 70.8 12.7 7.5 8,970

East Asia and

the Pacific0.703 — 74.0 12.5 7.4 10,499

Medium HDI 0.614 — 67.9 11.7 5.5 5,960

*Data from the UNDP Explanatory Note on 2014 Human Development Report composite

indices

Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)

*Figure from the Human Development Report 2014 Technical Notes

Inequality pulls down HDI by 18.1 % in the

Philippines.

IHDI

value

Overall

Loss (%)

Human

inequality

coefficient

(%)

Inequality

in life

expectancy

at birth (%)

Inequality

in

education

(%)

Inequality

in income

(%)

Philippines 0.540 18.1 18.0 15.2 13.5 25.2

Thailand 0.573 20.7 20.0 9.8 16.1 34.0

Indonesia 0.553 19.2 19.1 16.4 23.2 17.7

East Asia and

the Pacific0.564 19.7 19.5 11.7 19.7 27.0

Medium HDI 0.457 25.6 25.2 21.9 35.1 18.6

*Data from the UNDP Explanatory Note on 2014 Human Development Report composite

indices

Poverty and gender inequality in the

Philippines

• Multidimensional poverty

– The most recent Philippine MPI figures show that 7.3

percent of the population are multidimensionally poor while

an additional 12.2 percent are near multidimensional

poverty.

• Gender

– The Philippines ranks 78 out of 149 countries in the

Gender Inequality Index (GII) in 2013 with a value of

0.406.

– The Gender Development Index (GDI) value of the

Philippines is at 0.989, higher than average in the medium

HDI group and in the East Asia and the Pacific.

General conclusions from the 2014 HDR:

• The Philippines slightly improved in human

development but at a slow pace.

• The progress made on advancing human

development can be undermined by a natural

disaster or economic slump.

2014 HDR Recommendations:

Prevention, promotion and protection

Highlights of

the

Philippines

Fifth Progress

Report on the

MDGs

HIGH

Food poverty

Education School participation

Empowering women

Infant & under-5

mortality

Malaria morbidity

Tuberculosis

incidence

Access to safe water

Access to sanitary

toilet facilities

MEDIUM

Income poverty

NutritionUnderweight children

LOW

EducationCohort survival

Gender disparity

Political

participation

Maternal mortality

Access to

reproductive health

HIV/AIDS

Probability of meeting MDG targets

GOAL 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

34.4

26.6 26.3 25.2

28.8 28.6 27.9

17.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Poverty incidence among population (%), 1991-2012

Annual Estimates Semestral Estimates MDG Target

Source: PSA-NSCB

17.6

12.010.9 10.4

14.213.3 13.4

8.5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Subsistence Incidence Among Population (%), 1991-2012

Annual Estimates Semestral Estimates MDG Target

Source: PSA-NSCB

3.0

-0.6

0.3

2.1

4.4

4.7

5.8

5.2

-0.6

3.1

4.4

2.9

3.6

5.0

6.7

4.8

5.2

6.6

4.2

1.1

7.6

3.6

6.8

7.2

1.4

3.23.4

2.92.7 2.6

5.9

1.9

1.0

4.2

-1.0

6.2

3.1

1.9

3.2

2.22.0

2.8

1.6

2.9 2.8

3.2

1.10.8

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

GDP Growth Rate and Employment Growth Rate (in percent), 1990-2013

GDP Growth rate Employent Level Growth rate

Note: Total Employed data for 1990 to 1997, based on 1980CPH; 1998 to 2006, based on 1995CPH; 2007 up to present, based on 2000CPH.

Sources: PSA-NSO and PSA-NSCB

27.326.5

23.8 23.6

25.5

23.0

20.720.0

20.620.2

13.6

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

1989 1992 1993 1995 1998 2001 2003 2005 2008 2011 2015

Prevalence of underweight-for-age among children, under-five years old, for monitoring of MDG 1 using World Health Organization - Child Growth Standard (WHO-CGS): 1990-2011 (in percent)

Actual MDG Target

Source of basic data: FNRI

Source of basic data: NNS, FNRI

74.2

57.0

66.9

37.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

19

93

20

03

20

08

20

15

Proportion of households with per capita intake below 100% dietary energy requirement (%), 1993-2008

Actual MDG Target

111.2

111.8

110.3

112.1

114.0

116.5

118.3

118.2

119.2

113.5

109.9

108.3

106.1

104.2

101.1

99.9

102.1

102.0 107.2

114.7

115.2

113.7

85.1 85.2 85.487.1

92.794.3

95.1 95.797.0 96.8 97.0

90.388.7

87.1

84.483.2

84.9 85.1

89.7

95.997.3

95.2

80

90

100

110

120

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Elementary education NER and GER (%), SY 1991-1992 to SY 2012-2013 (public and private)

GER NER

Source: Research & Statistics Division Office of Planning Service, Department of Education

GOAL 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

68.7 68.4

67.5

66.567.2

68.068.7

64.163.5 63.5

69.1

72.471.8

71.3

70.0

73.4

75.3 75.4

74.4 74.273.8

75.3

66.5 66.6

65.3 65.4 65.4

66.7

67.7

68.769.2

68.768.2

71.6

70.2

69.1

68.1

71.7

73.1 73.3

72.2 72.1

71.0

73.7

60

65

70

75

80

Elementary education CSR and CompR (%), SY 1991-1992 to SY 2012-2013 (public and private)

CSR CompR

Source: Research & Statistics Division Office of Planning Service, Department of

Education

0.96

0.950.96 0.96 0.96

0.95

0.94

0.94

0.95

0.94

0.94

0.94

0.93

0.93

0.93

0.93

0.92

1.00

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

Ratio of girls to boys in elementary education net enrolment rate, 1996-2012

Actual MDG Target

Source of basic data: Research & Statistics Division Office of Planning Service, Department of Education

GOAL 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education, 1996-2012

Source of basic data: Research & Statistics Division Office of Planning Service, Department of Education

1.25

1.25

1.24

1.23

1.18

1.20

1.18

1.19

1.19

1.21

1.20

1.19

1.00

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

Ratio of Girls to Boys in Tertiary Education, 2000-2011

Actual MDG Target

Note: Years represent start of school yearSource: CHED

57

33.6 35.1

29

24 2522

19

80

54.2

48.4

40

32 3430

26.7

17.7 17.8 1713

16 14

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1990 1993 1998 2003 2006 2008 2011 2015

Under-Five, Infant and Neonatal Mortality, 1990-2011

Infant Mortality Under-Five Mortality Neonatal Mortality

GOAL 4: Reduce Child Mortality

Source: 1990 Technical Working Group on Maternal and Child Mortality, PSA-NSCB; National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)

(1993, 1998, 2003 &2008), NSO; Family Planning Survey (FPS) 2006, Family Health Survey 2011

120128

182

209

203197

191186

180 172 162

221

52

224196

260

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1998 2006 2011 2015

Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births), 1990-2011

GOAL 5: Improve Maternal Health

Sources of basic data: NDHS, NSO (1993, 1998, 2008); FPS, NSO (2006), FHS(2011)

40

46.5

49.5 48.950.6 50.10

48.9

63

24.9

28.2

33.1 33.435.9

34

36.9

15.1

18.316.4 15.5 14.8

16.7

12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1993 1998 2001 2003 2006 2008 2011 2015

Trends in contraceptive prevalence rate (%), by contraceptive method, 1993-2011

All Modern Traditional

Source: National Demographic Household Survey and Family Health Survey, PSA-NSO

GOAL 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

"90 "91 "92 "93 "94 "95 "96 "97 "98 "99 "00 "01 "02 "03 "04 "05 "06 "07 "08 "09 "10 "11 "12 "13

Total 66 85 72 102 118 116 154 117 189 158 123 174 184 193 199 210 309 342 528 835 1591 2349 3338 4814

Asymptomatic 48 68 51 64 61 65 104 94 144 80 83 118 140 140 162 171 273 311 505 804 1562 2239 3152 4476

AIDS 18 17 21 38 57 51 50 23 45 78 40 56 44 53 37 39 36 31 23 31 29 110 186 338

Death 15 13 13 11 19 24 27 10 16 17 9 20 11 10 5 16 18 10 7 1 3 19 11 0

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Number of HIV/AIDS Cases Reported in the Philippines, 1990 to 2013 December

Source: Philippine HIV and AIDS Registry, National Epidemiology Center

Source: Department of Health (DOH)

123

86

4855

41

26 22 219.5 8.3

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Malaria morbidity rate (per 100,000), 1990-2012

1.5

0.9

0.4

0.170.08 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Malaria mortality rate (deaths per 100,000 population)

393

360

329

301

280 275 270

250

300

350

400

1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011

Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population), 1990-2011

Source: Global Tuberculosis Report 2012, WHO

58

49

41

3531 30 29

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011

Tuberculosis mortality rate (per 100,000 population) 1990-2011

GOAL 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

20.5

20.1

19.7

19.3

19

18.618.3

18

23.9

22.8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 2003 2010

Philippine Forest Cover, 1990-2010

Sources of basic data: CPH and APIS, NSO

73.0

78.179.1 79.7

77.9

81.5 81.482.5

84.4

86.5

67.6

80.4

82.3

86.0 85.4

87.988.6

91.9 91.6

83.8

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

1990 1998 1999 2002 2004 2007 2008 2010 2011 2015

Proportion of population with access to safe water andsanitary toilet facilities (%), 1990-2011

Families with Access to Safe Water Families with Access to Sanitary Toilet Faciities

Source: State of the World’s Cities 2012/2013, UN Habitat

16,479

17,158

17,613

17,972

18,132

18,302

54.3

50.8

47.2

43.7

42.3

40.9

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

15500

16000

16500

17000

17500

18000

18500

1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2009

%

In T

ho

usa

nd

s

Urban slum population in thousands and proportion of urban population living in slum areas, 1990-2009

Urban slum population in the Philippines in thousands Proportion of urban population living in slum areas

GOAL 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development

Source of basic data: NTC

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1 1 2 3 7 13 19 24 38 85156 194

278

399 413509

659

753820

884952

Cellular mobile phone subscriptions per 1000 population, 1991-2011

Source of basic data: NTC

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

19961997199819992000200120022003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

100 200 300 350 400 500800 1,0001,200

1,440

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,600

4,320

5,184

Estimated no. of internet subscribers (‘000)

HIGH

Food poverty

Education School participation

Empowering women

Infant & under-5

mortality

Malaria morbidity

Tuberculosis

incidence

Access to safe water

Access to sanitary

toilet facilities

MEDIUM

Income poverty

NutritionUnderweight children

LOW

EducationCohort survival

Gender disparity

Political

participation

Maternal mortality

Access to

reproductive health

HIV/AIDS

Probability of meeting MDG targets

Common themes in the HDR

and MDG Progress Report

• Despite the achievements in certain areas, there

is still much that remains to be done to ensure

that all Filipinos, especially the poor and

vulnerable, reach their highest potentials for

human development.

• There is an urgent need to address inequality by

reducing vulnerabilities and improving access to

opportunities.

• Large disparities exist among geographic areas

Philippine Development Plan

2011-2016 Midterm Update

Addressing the specific constraints faced by the poor and the

vulnerable requires consideration of geophysical characteristics

I – provinces with highest number

of the poor II – provinces with highest

proportion of the poor

III – provinces prone to multiple

hazards

• Rapid growth

opportunities exist but not

for the poor

• In-migrants are attracted

but they cannot

participate in the growth

process as well

• Very remote, sparsely

populated

• Limited growth

opportunities

• Confronted by conflict

and/or frequent

disasters

• Prone to multiple

hazards

Addressing the specific constraints requires different strategies

• Create more growth

opportunities

• Undertake skills training,

employment facilitation

• Encourage flexible work

arrangements

• Promote economic mobility

of labor through human

capital and infrastructure

development

• Link residents to the value

chain

• Develop capability to

respond to calamities and

disasters

• Capacitate officials and

residents on disaster risk-

reduction strategies

• Promote income

diversification

• Expand social protection

and insurance

I – provinces with highest number

of the poor II – provinces with highest

proportion of the poor

III – provinces prone to multiple

hazards

Government interventions addressing

human vulnerability

• Universal Health Care or Kalusugan

Pangkalahatan (KP)

• K to 12 program

• Social pension for senior citizens

• Emergency employment programs during crisis

(economic, financial, disaster-related)

• Relief assistance for individuals affected by

natural and man-made calamities

• Community-Based Employment Program

Government interventions addressing

human vulnerability

• Pantawid Pamilya Program

• Disability and death benefits for OFW members of

OWWA

• Community Mortgage Program

• Housing assistance for calamity victims

• Housing programs for informal settler families (ISFs)

• Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan Comprehensive and

Integrated Delivery of Social Services-National

Community-Driven Development Program (KALAHI

CIDSS-NCDDP)

• Promote inclusive growth by

– expanding manufacturing, tourism and other sectors

that would employ less skilled workers

– Investing in human capital

• Implement well-designed and well-targeted safety nets

to reduce transient poverty

• Address requirements of K-12 program

• Promote deliveries in health facilities

Priority Actions

• Strengthen service provision

• Effective and efficient budget execution

• Improve population management

• Provide greater focus on some regions –Visayas

and Mindanao

• Greater advocacy and localization of MDGs

Priority Actions

The Philippines:

Human Development Index Ranking and

Progress in Achieving the Millennium Development Goals

Secretary Arsenio M. BalisacanSocioeconomic Planning Secretary and Director-General

National Economic and Development Authority

National Launch and Press Conference of the 2014 Human Development Report

and 5th PHL Progress Report on the MDGs

20 August 2014

Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria