259

Philippines: Mining or Food?

by

Robert Goodland and Clive Wicks

for

The Working Group on Mining in the Philippines

Annex H: Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities

Terrestrial and Inland Water Areas

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present

without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own

needs The Brundtland Report, Our Common Future,

UN World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

In a world overflowing with riches, it is an outrageous scandal that more than

826 million people suffer hunger and malnutrition and that every year over 36

million die of starvation and related causes. We must take urgent action now. Jean Ziegler

UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, April 2001

Disclaimer

The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and not necessarily those

of the participating or supporting organizations. The authors have, however, done

their utmost to reflect the views of the many people they met in the Philippines and

the views and reports of the people and organizations who have commented on earlier

drafts if this report.

DEDICATION

The Working Group on Mining in the Philippines and the authors respectfully

dedicate this report to all the courageous and dignified people who have been

killed while protecting the environment and upholding human rights in the

Philippine archipelago.

260

Annex H: Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities

The following maps were produced by the Philippine Biodiversity Conservation

Priority-setting Program (PBCPP). This program ‘mobilized over 300 local and

international scientists from more than 100 institutions from the government, the

NGO community, the academia, the people’s organizations, donor communities, and

the private sector’. It held regional consultation ‘where local experts validated

preliminary data gathered’ and a follow up national consultation with ‘more than 200

experts from 70 institutions’. The outcome of this extensive and valuable exercise was

published in the Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities ‘A Continuing

Challenge for the Filipino Peoples, A Second Iteration of the National Biodiversity

Strategy and Action Plan, Final Report’.

The Authors have selected a subset of maps to provide a flavor this outstanding

biodiversity hotspot consisting of over 7,000 Islands containing 52,177 species many

of which are not found elsewhere in the world.

Super imposing a map of the mining operations and applications on any of these maps

would show that many of the most fragile tropical ecosystems are directly threatened

by large scale mining projects. The six areas visited by the Authors are indicative of

this.

Areas are numbered and the sites visited or areas in their immediate vicinity can be

indentified in the maps as follows: Midsalip: 155, Libay 154, Tampakan 144, 146;

Pujada Bay 142; Mindoro 61 – 69; Sibuyan Island 82

These six locations feature in all most all of the priority areas identified in the maps

below. Mining at any of these sites would directly impact on these priority biodiverse

rich ecosystems.

The following maps are included:

1) Terrestrial and inland waters conservation priority areas

2) Terrestrial and inland water areas of biological importance

3) Conservation and Research Priority Areas for Arthropods

4) Conservation Priority Areas for Terrestrial Mammals

5) Conservation Priority Areas for Birds

6) National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Components vis-a-vis

Integrated Terrestrial and Inland Water Priority Areas Map

7) Marine Conservation Priority Areas

8) Conservation Priority Areas for reef fishes, corals molluscs and mangroves

9) Conservation Priority Areas for dugongs, cetaceans, seagrasses and seaweeds

This output of the ‘Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priority-setting Program’ the

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan should become the cornerstone of the

National Sustainable Development Strategy. It should consequently inform all plans,

programs, policies and standards of all government departments, bodies and agencies.

It should inform all multilateral and bilateral investment in the Philippines. The

promotion of mining has seriously undermined this program and immanently

threatens the very sustainability of the Philippine Archipelago.

261

Biological diversity – or “biodiversity” for short – is a general term for the diversity of genes, species

and ecosystems that constitute life on planet Earth. It is defined as "the variability among living

organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and

the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species

and of ecosystems”.. .and .. “In-situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and natural

habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural

surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they

have developed their distinctive properties.” (Article 2 of the Convention on Biological Diversity)

Terrestrial and Inland Water Areas and Location Index / Code

Te rre s tria l & Inla nd Wa t e r P rio rity A re a C o de

Batanes Is la nds P ro tec ted La nds cape and

Sea s cape 1

Babuyanes 2

Kalbario - P a tapat Na tio nal P a rk 3

Apa yao Lo wland Fo re s t 4

Abulo g Rive r 5

Buguey Wetlands 6

Cagayan River 7

Mt. Cagua 8

Balbalas ang - Balba la n Natio nal P ark 9

Mt. Cetaceo 10

Abra River 11

P ea ks o f Ce ntra l Co rdille ra (a bo ve 1000 mas l) 12

P eñablanca P ro tec te d Lands c ape 13

No rthern Sie rra Madre Natura l P ark 14

Agno / Amburayan R iver 15

Caraballo - P a la li Mo unta in Range 16

Centra l S ierra Madre Mo unta ins 17

Cas ecnan R iver Bas in 18

Auro ra Natio nal P ark 19

Zambales Mo unta in Range (Mt. Tapulao and Mt.

High P eak) 20

Camp O’Do nnel 21

Mt. Arayat Natio nal P ark 22

Angat Waters hed Fo res t Res e rve 23

Sierra Madre P o rtio n a lo ng Bulacan, Nueva Ec ija

and Quezo n bo rder 24

Umiray River 25

Mt. Irid - Mt. Angelo 26

Candaba Swamp 27

Bataan Natura l P ark and Subic Bay Fo res t

Res erve 28

Marive les Mo unta ins 29

Manila Bay 30

Mt. Binuang and vic inity 31

Kaliwa-Kana n River 32

UP Land Gra nts (P akil and Re al) 33

P o lillo Is land 34

P as ig River 35

Laguna de Bay 36

Tadlak Lake 37

Mt. Makiling Fo res t Res erve 38

7 La kes o f San P ablo City 39

Mt. Banahaw - San Cris to bal -Lucban Co ne

Co mplex 40

Mt. P a lay-P a lay - Mt. Mataas na Gulo d Natio na l

P ark 41

Mt. Malaraya t Range 42

Taa l Lake 43

P ans ipit River 44

Que zo n Natio nal P ark 45

P agbilao and Tayaba s Bay 46

Lala guna Ma rs h 47

Ragay Gulf 48

Bo ndo c P enins ula 49

Mt. Labo 50

Caramo an P enins ula 51

Catanduane s Is land 52

Mt. Is aro g Natio nal P ark 53

Lake Nabua 54

Lake Buhi / Lake Manapao / Lake Katugday 55

Lake Bato 56

Bac o n-Manito 57

Mt. Bulus an Natio nal P ark 58

Marinduque 59

Lubang Is land 60

Mt. Calavite 61

P ue rto Gale ra 62

Te rre s t ria l & Inla nd Wa t e r P rio rity A re a C o de

Mt. Halco n 63

Na ujan La ke Na tio nal P ark 64

Sa blayan 65

lglit and Baco Mo unta ins 66

Ma lpalo n 67

Bo gbo g, Bo nga bo ng a nd Mt. Hitding 68

Mt. Hinunduang 69

So uth Mindo ro Is lands (Semirara Is land Gro up) 70

Co ro n La kes 71

Cuyo Is la nd Gro up 72

El Nido 73

La ke Manguao 74

Sa n Vicente - Ta ytay - Ro xas Fo res t 75

P uerto P rinces a Subte rranea n Rive r Natio nal

P a rk (Cle o patra ’s Nee dle) 76

Vic to ria a nd Ana palan Range s 77

Mt. Manta lingajan 78

Urs ula Is land 79

Ba labac Gro up o f Is lands 80

Burias Is land 81

Sibuyan Is land 82

Ba lo go Waters hed 83

Tic ao 84

No rthwes t P ana y P enins ula 85

Ce ntra l P anay Mo unta ins : Madjaas -Balo i

Co mplex 86

J a laud River 87

No rtheas tern P anay - Gigante s 88

Mt. Villio n - Mapili 89

Mo bo - Us o n 90

Ma lbug 91

Da raga - P lacer – Mala tugo n 92

Mt. Silay - Mt. Mandala gan 93

Mt. Canla o n Na tio nal P ark 94

Ba n-ban 95

Ilo g River 96

Ba s ay - Hino ba-an 97

Ma ns angaban 98

Cuerno s de Negro s (Mt. Talinis ) 99

Twin Lake s 100

Ca tmo n / Carmen 101

Ta bunan Fo res t 102

Ma ctan, Kalawis an, Ca ns afa Bay 103

Ola ngo Is land 104

Argao 105

Nug-as a nd Mt. Lanto y 106

Mt. Kangbulaging and Mt. Lanaya 107

Mt. Caba lantian - Mt. Capo to an Co mplex 108

So uthern Sama r Mo unta ins 109

Biliran and Maripipi Is la nds 110

J e tafe Gro up o f Is lands (Calituban a nd Taho ng-

taho ng Is land) 111

Ra jah Sikatuna Natio nal P ark 112

Mt. P angas ugan (No rthern Le yte Mo unta in

Ra nge); Lake Mahagna o 113

Ano nang - Lo bi Range 114

Mt. Naco lo d - Cabalian Area 115

P a nao n Is land 116

Ho mo nho n Is la nd 117

Dinagat (Mt. Ka mbinllo & Mt. Redo ndo ) 118

Sia rgao Is land 119

La ke Mainit 120

Mimbilis a n P ro tec ted Lands c ape 121

Mt. Bala to can 122

Mt. Hilo ng-hilo ng (Urda neta), Agus a n de l No rte 123

Agus an R iver 124

262

Terrestrial and Inland Water Areas and Location Index / Code (contd)

Te rre s tria l & In la nd Wa te r P rio rity A re a C o de

No rth Diwata (Bis lig, Mt. Agtuugano n -Mt. P a s ian) 125

Agus an Mars h 126

Mt. Kaluayan - Kinabalian (Kimangkil R idge),

Bukidno n - Agus an de l No rte bo rder 127

Mt.Tago Ra nge 128

Mt. Kitangla d 129

Kala tungan Range 130

Ola ngui Rive r 131

Munai Tambo Co mplex (Ko la mbugan uplands &

as s o cia ted mo unta ins ) 132

Lake Lanao 133

Lake Napalit 134

Mt. P iagayungan (Ra gang) Co mplex 135

Mt. Butig / Lake Butig Natio nal P ark 136

P ulangi Rive r 137

Mt.Sinaka 138

Ma rilo g Fo res t Res e rve , Bukidno n – Davao

bo undary 139

So uth Diwata Mo unta in Ranges 140

P antukan Mabini - Maco Are a 141

Tumadgo P eak 142

Mt. Apo Range 143

Liga was an Mars h 144

So uth Co tabato I Sultan Kudara t (Mt. Daguma ) 145

Mt. Matutum 146

Lake Sebu a nd Mt. Three Kings 147

Mt. Bus a - Kiamba 148

Mt. P arker 149

Lake Maughan 150

Mt. Latian Co mplex (Saranga ni Mo unta ins ) 151

Lake Duminagat 152

Mt. Malinda ng and Lake Duminagat 153

Mt. Dapiak - Mt. P araya 154

Mt. Sugarlo a f 155

Mt. Timo lan 156

Lituban - Quipit Wate rs hed 157

P as o nanca Waters hed 158

Bas ilan 159

Camo tes Is land 160

Siquijo r 161

Camiguin Is land 162

Sulu 163

Mt. Dajo Na tio nal P a rk 164

Tawi.-tawi Is land 165

Ma nuk-manka Is lands 166

Sibutu and Tumindao Is lands 167

Cagayan Is la nds 168

Tubbataha Reef Natio nal Ma rine P ark 169

Cagayan de Sulu 170

Batanes Is la nds P ro tec ted Lands cape and

Sea s cape , a nd Babuyanes 207

Ilo c o s Mo unta in Range 208

No rthern Co rdille ra 209

Kalinga - Apayao 210

No rthern Sie rra Madre 211

Centra l Co rdille ra 212

Co rdille ra 213

Mt. P ulag Natio nal P ark 214

So uthern Co rdille ra 215

Is abela - S ie rra Madre 216

Auro ra - S ie rra Madre 217

Auro ra Wate rs hed Areas 218

Mt. Dingalan 219

Ma ria Auro ra Memo ria l P ark -Mingan Mo unta ins 220

Zambales - Bataan 221

Mt.Tapulao 222

Te rre s tria l & Inla nd Wa t e r P rio rity A re a C o de

No rthern Quezo n (Ce ntra l S ierra Madre ) 223

So uthern Sie rra Madre 224

P o lillo Wate rs hed are a 225

So uthern Quezo n (So uthern S ierra Ma dre) 226

Alabat Is land 227

Camarines No rte 228

Bico l Natio nal P ark - Mt. Labo 229

Mt. Kulas i 230

Is aro g - Cara mo an 231

Mt. Malinao 232

Bulus an Lake 233

Mindo ro Mo unta ins 234

Lake Naujan 235

Apo Reef Marine Natura l P ark 236

Ilin Is lands 237

Cala mianes 238

Cala uit Is land 239

Bus uanga Is land 240

Culio n Is land 241

No rthern P a lawan 242

P ue rto P rinc es a Subterranean River and Ulugan

Bay 243

Centra l P a la wan 244

So uthern P a lawan inc luding Balabac Gro up o f

Is lands 245

So uthern P a lawan 246

Mt. Manta lingajan - So uthern P alawan 247

Mt. Guiting-guiting Na tura l P ark 248

Tablas 249

Ro mblo n Is land 250

Mas bate 251

Eas tern P anay 252

Guimaras Is land 253

So uthern Ne gro s - Ba s ay Caves 254

Hino ba-an 255

Cue rno s de Negro s Regio n 256

Alco y Waters hed 257

Samar 258

Centra l Samar - Capo to an Co mplex 259

So ho to n - Lo quilo co n area 260

Mt. Yacgun - Mt. So ho to n Co mplex 261

Lake Danao 262

Mt. P angas ugan & Ano nang - Lo bi Range

(No rthern Le yte Mt Range); La ke Maha gnao 263

No rthern Leyte 264

Eas tern Leyte 265

Eas tern Mindanao (fro m Mt. S inaka , Mt. Kaluayan -

Mt. Kinabalia n, Mt. Hilo ng¬hilo ng, Bis lig, Mt. Butig -

Kampalili - Mayo -Tumadgo P eak 266

Mt. Bala to ca n - Kinabalian Ra nge 267

Mt. Diwata Range 268

Bis lig 269

Mt. Agtuuga no n - Mt. P as ian 270

Bukidno n / Lanao de l Sur 271

Lanao de l No rte 272

Mt. P uting Bato - Kampalili - Mayo Co mplex 273

Mt. P uting Bato 274

Mt. Malindang and La ke Duminagat - Mt. Dapiak -

Mt. P araya 275

Centra l Zambo anga 276

Wes t Zambo anga 277

Mt. Bandila -an 278

Mt. Hibo k-hibo k 279

Sulu - Tawi-tawi 280

Tawi-tawi 281

Simunul and Manuk-manka Is lands 282

Turtle Is land 283

263

Marine Areas and Location Index / Code

M a rine P rio rit y A re a C o de

Bo linao 171

Zambales Co as t 172

El Nido to Ulugan Bay 173

Kala yaan Is la nd Gro up 174

Batanes 175

Babuyan Is la nds 176

Verde Is land P as s age - Batangas 177

Cala mianes 178

Taytay - Dumaran Bay 179

Bala bac Is land 180

Tapal - Santa Ana - Va lley P o int 181

P ala nan - Divilacan Bay Area 182

P o lillo Is land 183

Cala uag Bay 184

Tica o - San Bernardino Stra it -

Lago no y Gulf 185

So uth Leyte 186

Lianga Bay 187

Siargao - Dinagat 188

Wes t Samar 189

Vis a yan Sea 190

Taño n Stra it 191

Danajo n Ree f 192

Surigao 193

Bo ho l Triangle 194

Tablas Stra it 195

P anay Gulf- Guimaras Stra it 196

So uth Negro s 197

Zambo anga de l No rte 198

Cuyo Is lands 199

Ho nda Bay 200

Tubbataha Reefs 201

Cagayan de Tawi-tawi - Turtle

Is land 202

Sulu Archipe lago 203

Mo ro Gulf 204

Malita , Dava o de l Sur 205

Sara ngani Ba y 206

Lingayen Gulf 284

Zambales - P angas inan 285

Zambales Co as t and Offs ho re 286

Subic - Bataa n 287

Manila Bay 288

Lubang Is land 289

Lian - Cala ta gan 290

Verde Is land P as s age 291

P ue rto Galera Bay 292

Apo Reef 293

Wes t P a lawa n 294

P o rt Barto n 295

El Nido 296

No rthwes t P a lawan 297

Taytay Bay 298

Malampaya 299

Wes t o f Centra l P a lawan 300

So uthwes t P a lawan 301

Kala yaan / No rtheas t Inves tiga to r 302

Bangui 303

Ilo c o s 304

Mas inlo c 305

Mas inlo c - Das o l Bay 306

Sca rbo ro ugh Sho al 307

M a rine P rio rity A re a C o de

Fuga Is land 308

Ilo c o s - Babuyan - Batanes 309

Babuyan - Batanes 310

Wes t Mindo ro 311

P alawan 312

So uth P ala wan 313

Buguey 314

P alaui Is land 315

No rtheas t Luzo n 316

Divilacan - Cas aps a pan Ba y Area 317

Divilacan 318

Auro ra-Que zo n 319

Cas aps apa n - Dilas ag - Cas iguran 320

Cas iguran So und Auro ra 321

P o lillo Is land - Camarines No rte 322

Lamo n - Ca lauag - Lo pez - Bas iad

Bays 323

Lamo n Bay 324

Camarines No rte 325

Caramo an Co as t 326

Catanduane s 327

Gigmo to 328

Lago no y - Albay Gulf 329

So utheas t B ico l Co as t 330

Bac o n, So rs o go n 331

No rthern Sa mar 332

Gubat 333

No rth Sama r 334

Bin Is land - Balicua tro Is lands 335

Tikling Is lands 336

Eas t Samar 337

Ora s Bay 338

Guiuan 339

Eas t Minda nao 340

Surigao de l Sur 341

Davao Orie nta l 342

P ujada Bay 343

Siargao Is la nd 344

Go verno r Genero s o 345

P agbilao Bay 346

Bo ndo c P e nins ula 347

Ragay Gulf - Mas ba te - Samar Sea 348

Ragay - Tic ao - Burias 349

Burias - Lago no y Gulf - No rthern

Samar 350

Burias - Tic ao Area 351

Templo Is la nd, Burias P as s 352

So rs o go n Bay 353

Ma rinduque - 354

Ro mblo n - S ibuyan 355

Ma s bate - Ro mblo n - S ibuyan Sea 356

Sibuyan Is la nd 357

Bo ngs angla 358

So uth Mas bate 359

Samar Sea 360

Wes tern Sa mar 361

Iba jay 362

No rtheas t P anay 363

Es tancia 364

Guimaras S tra it 365

Cadiz-Silay 366

Sagay 368

M a rine P rio rity A re a C o de

Guimaras Is land 369

Ca mo tes Is land 370

Ba is Bay 371

No rth Bo ho l 372

We s tern Bo ho l 373

Ca blao Bay 374

So go d Ba y 375

So uthern Leyte 376

P a nglao 377

Siquijo r 378

Ca miguin 379

Da pitan 380

Ba liangao 381

P a nguil Bay 382

Antique – Semira ra 383

So uth Ne gro s - Sumilo n Is land 384

Ne gro s – Zambo anga 385

So uth Mindo ro 386

Se mirara Is lands 387

We s t P anay - Ne gro s 388

We s t P anay (Antique) 389

Ea s t Co a s t o f P a lawan 390

No rtheas t P a lawan 391

Ea s t o f Centra l P a lawan 392

P uerto P rinces a 393

Na rra - Bro o kes P o int 394

So utheas t P a lawan 395

So uthwes t Negro s 396

So uthern Negro s Co as t 397

Tubbataha Reefs - Cagayan

Is la nds 398

Ca gayan Is lands 399

We s t Sulu Sea 400

Ca gayan Ridge 401

Turtle Is la nd 402

Za mbo anga de l Sur –

Za mbo anga de l No rte 403

P ilas Is land 404

So uth Mindanao 405

Sta . Cruz 406

Dumanquillas Ba y 407

Da vao Gulf 408

Sa mal Is la nd 409

Sultan Kudara t 410

Sultan Kudara t - 411

So uth Co tabato 412

264

Terrestrial and inland waters conservation priority areas

265

Terrestrial and inland water areas of biological importance

266

Conservation and Research Priority Areas for Arthropods

267

Conservaton Priority Areas for Terrestrial Mammals

268

Conservation Priority Areas for Birds

Midsalip, Pujada Bay, Mindoro, Sibuyan Island, Sibutad Identified

269

National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Components vis-a-vis

Integrated Terrestrial and Inland Water Priority Areas Map

Areas in or close to Midsalip, Tampakan, Mindoro, Sibuyan Island, Pujada Bay all

identified as integrated inland water priority areas

270

Marine Conservation Priority Areas

Area 204 Impacted by Midsalip and Tampakan; Area 198 Impacted by Midsalip and

Libay; Area 195 Impacted by Mindoro and Sibuyan Island

271

Conservation Priority Areas for reef fishes, corals molluscs and mangroves

272

Conservation and Research Priority Areas for Inland Waters

273

Conservation Priority Areas for dugongs, cetaceans, seagrasses and seaweeds