phases, eclipses, and tides...phases of the moon. may 28, 2015 first quarter you can see half of the...
TRANSCRIPT
May 28, 2015
Key Concepts:
What causes the phases of the moon?
What are the solar and lunar eclipses?
What causes the tides?
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Key Terms
phases lunar eclipseeclipse tidesolar eclipse spring tideumbra neap tidepenumbra
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Motions of the MoonMoon Movement
- revolves around the Earth- rotates on its own axis
In this rotation the position of the moon, Earth, and sun change and cause the phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides
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Motions of the Moon
Moon rotates ONCE on axis in the SAME amount of time that it revolves around the Earth
-1 "day" on Earth = 1 "year" on the moon- same side of the moon always faces the Earth- 29.5 Earth "days" between full moons
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Phases of the Moon
-Moon does not produce light, reflects light from the sun like a mirror
-different shapes of the moon you see from Earth = phases-phases are caused by the relative positions of the moon, Earth,
and sun.-the phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the
sunlit side of the moon faces Earth
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New Moon sunlit side faces away from Earth, making it appear that there is
no moon in the sky
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Waxing Crescent portion of the moon you can see is waxing (growing) into a crescent shape - the light is reflected on the right side of the
moon
Phases of the Moon
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First QuarterYou can see half of the sunlit side of the moon (light appears on
the right side)
Phases of the Moon
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Waxing GibbousThe moon continues to wax ("grow") and the visible shape of
the moon is called a gibbous
Phases of the Moon
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Full MoonThe entire sunlit side of the moon faces the Earth
Phases of the Moon
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Waning GibbousThe portion of the moon you can see wanes (shrinks)
Phases of the Moon
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Third QuarterYou can see half of the moon's lighted side (on the left)
Phases of the Moon
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Waning CrescentYou see the crescent on the left side
Phases of the Moon
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Phases of the Moon view from space
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Reading Check: What is a new moon?
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Eclipses
In most months, the moon revolves around the Earth without an eclipse
An eclipse occurs when...
The moon's shadow hits Earth or Earth's shadow hits the moon.
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Eclipse
When an object in space comes between the sun and a third object, it casts a shadow on that object.
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Solar Eclipse
When a new moon passes directly between the Earth and sun, blocking sunlight from the Earth and causing the moons' shadow
to hit the Earth
Occurs when a new moon blocks your view of the sun
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Geometry in Science!Materials Needed: graph paper, ruler, pencil
Vocabulary: Diameter - any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle (Earth & the moon)
Measurements needed:Earth's diameter = 1 cm (this is NOT to scale) Moon's diameter = about one fourth Earth's diameterDistance from Earth to moon = about 30 times Earth's diameter
Directions: draw the moon, Earth, and the distance between them. From the edges of the moon, draw and shade in a triangle that represents the moon's umbra
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Total Solar EclipsesThe umbra is the darkest part of the moon's shadow
**Only people on Earth within the umbra experience a total solar eclipse**
UMBRA
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Total Solar Eclipses
- sky grows as dark as night-air gets cool
-sky becomes an eerie color-can see the stars and solar corona (faint outer
atmosphere of the sun)
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Partial Solar EclipsePenumbra - the larger part of the shadow in a solar eclipse
that is less dark than the umbra
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Partial Solar Eclipse
During a solar eclipse, the people in the penumbra only see a partial eclipse
Sun that is visible is EXTREMELY bright and dangerous to look at!
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Lunar Eclipse
Occurs at a full moon when the Earth is directly between the sun and the moon.
During a lunar eclipse, Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon.
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Total Lunar Eclipse
Earth's shadow has both the umbra and penumbraHOWEVER a total lunar eclipse can be seen anywhere on
Earth that the moon is visible
**Total lunar eclipse is more likely to be seen than a total solar eclipse**
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Partial Lunar Eclipse
-this occurs for most lunar eclipses
- Earth, the moon, and the sun are not quite in line
- moon passes partly into the umbra of Earth's shadow
-edge of the umbra is appears blurry - you can watch it pass over the moon for hours
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Reading Check: During which phase of the moon can lunar eclipses occur?
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Tides
- rise and fall of the ocean water- occurs approximately every 12.5 hours- water rises for 6 hours, falls for 6 hours
-regular cycle
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Tides are caused by differences in how much the moon's gravity pulls on different parts of Earth
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The Tide Cycle
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Spring Tides
- the gravity from the sun and the moon pulls the Earth's water
- during new moon and full moon (sun, moon, and Earth are almost fully in line)
- gravity of the sun and moon pull in the same direction and produce a spring tide
- creates a tide with the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides- occur twice a month
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Spring Tides
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Neap Tides
- occurs when there is a first quarter or third quarter moon- line between Earth, sun, and moon creates a right angle
(MATH IN SCIENCE - WOAH!)- gravity of sun and moon pull from different directions- the least amount of difference between a high and low
tide-occur twice a month
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Neap Tide
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Classwork Quiz:
1.) What causes the moon the shine?
2.) Why does the moon appear to change shape during the course of the month?
3.) How is a solar eclipse different than a lunar eclipse?
4.) What phase of the moon is this?