phase diagram: water
DESCRIPTION
High-Energy Nuclear Collisions and QCD Phase Structure What is the phase structure of QCD matter? - Motivations and recent results - Observables and schedule Bedanga Mohanty and Nu Xu. Phase diagram : A map shows that, at given degrees of freedom, how matter organize - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Nu Xu 1/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
High-Energy Nuclear Collisions and QCD Phase Structure
What is the phase structure of QCD matter?
- Motivations and recent results- Observables and schedule
Bedanga Mohanty and Nu Xu
Nu Xu 2/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
Phase Diagram: Water
Phase diagram: A map shows that, at given degrees of freedom, how matter organize itself under external conditions.
The QCD Phase diagram: structure of matter with quark- and gluon-degrees (color degrees) of freedom.
Nu Xu 3/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
QCD Phase Diagram (2009)
1983 US Long Range Plan - by Gordon Baym
nucl-th: 0907.4489, NPA830,709(09) L. McLerran nucl-th 0911.4806: A. Andronic, D. Blaschke, P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Cleymans, K. Fukushima, L.D. McLerran, H. Oeschler, R.D. Pisarski, K. Redlich, C. Sasaki, H. Satz, and J. Stache
Systematic experimental measurements (Ebeam, A) : extractnumbers that may be related to the QCD phase diagram!
nuclei
hadron gasCSC
quark-gluon plasma
TE
Baryon Chemical Potential
Critical Point?
Tem
pera
ture Ear
ly U
nive
rse
12
3
2 TE
RHIC, FAIR1 Tini, TC
LHC, RHIC3 Phase boundary
RHIC, FAIR, NICA
The QCD Phase Diagram and High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
TC
Nu Xu 5/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
BNL PAC, 21 - 22, 2010
HFT 2013
TPC
FGT 2011
STAR Detectors Fast and Full azimuthal particle identification
EMC+EEMC+FMS(-1 ≤ ≤ 4)TOF
DAQ1000
MTD 2013
Nu Xu 6/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
TOF Performance√sNN = 39 GeV Au + Au Collisions
TPC TPC+ToF
Beam Energy Timing Resolution Remarks
200 (GeV) 85 (ps) At 39 GeV, using a new calibration scheme without information of start time from VPD, 87 ps of timing resolution has been achieved.
62.4 (GeV) 90 (ps)
39 (GeV) 85 (ps)
11.5 & 7.7 (GeV) ~ 80 (ps)
Nu Xu 7/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
PID: 7.7, 39, 200 GeV (π±, K±, p)Au+Au at 7.7 GeV Au+Au at 39 GeV Au+Au at 200 GeV
Nu Xu 8/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
Low pT (≤ 2 GeV/c): hydrodynamic mass orderingHigh pT (> 2 GeV/c): number of quarks ordering s-quark hadron: smaller interaction strength in hadronic medium light- and s-quark hadrons: similar v2 pattern
=> Partonic Collectivity at RHIC !
(I) Partonic Collectivity at RHIC
STAR: preliminaryPHENIX: nucl-ex/0604011
QM
09: arXiv 0907.2265
Nu Xu 9/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
Observable: nq Scaling of v2
- m ~ mp ~ 1 GeV- ss not K+K- - h << p,
In the hadronic case:(i) No number of quark scaling (ii) Very small value of v2 !
Nu Xu 10/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
High Order Correlations
Event by event:
1. net-proton Kurtosis Kp(E)*2. two proton correlation functions C2(E)3. ratio of the d/p4. ratio of K/p * Gavai and Gupta, 03, 05; Gupta 0909.4630
M. Cheng et al. 08 Gupta, Karsch, Stephanov, INT, 08€
Kp =Np
4 − 3 Np2 2
Np2
Nu Xu 11/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
Observable: High MomentsSTAR: 1004.4959, PRL in print
1) High moments are more sensitive to critical point related fluctuation.
2) The 4th moment, Kurtosis, is directly related to the corresponding thermodynamic quantity: susceptibility for conserved quantum numbers such as Baryon number, charge, strangeness…
Nu Xu 12/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
Observable: LPV
The separation between the same-charge and opposite-charge correlations.
- Strong external EM field- De-confinement and Chiral symmetry restoration
L or B
STAR; PRL 103, 251601(09); PRC 81, 54908(10).
€
cos φα + φβ − 2ΨRP( )Parity even observable
Beam Energy Dependence & U+U
Nu Xu 13/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
Student Lecture, “Quark Matter 2006”, Shanghai, Nov. 14 - 20, 2006
Slope Parameter Systematics
€
mT = pT2 +m 2
f ∝ exp(−mT /Tslope )
Nu Xu 14/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
Observable: Direct Radiation (M ≥ 1)
Expanding partonic matter at RHIC and LHC!
Di-leptons allow us to measure the direct radiation from the matter with partonic degrees of freedom, no hadronization!
- Low mass region: , , e-e+
minv e-e+
medium effect Chiral symmetry
- Intermediate region: J/ e-e+
minv e-e+
Direct radiation hadronic partonicDirect radiation:
Nu Xu 15/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
Maximum Baryon Density
1) The maximum baryon density at freeze-out: √sNN ~ 8 GeV
2) Both K+/π and Λ/π ratios reach maximum at this energy
Physics Experimental Measurements Detectors Remarks
A. Critical Point(i) Net-p σ, S, κ, fluctuations (ii) <K/π>, <p/π>, <pT>, <Nch>(iii) Light nuclei cluster multiplicity
distributions
TPC, FTPC, TOF
B. Phase Boundary
(i) Heavy flavor collectivity including J/ψ v2
(ii) Di-lepton spectra and v2 vs. mass and pT
(iii) The nq-v2 scaling(iv) Net-p & net-K: σ, S, κ(v) LPV
TPC, FTPC, TOF, HFT
C. Exotics(i) Light nuclei, strangelets(ii) Di-lepton spin alignment at
high mass region, including J/ψ, γ and DY
TPC, TOF, EMCal HLT
Runs √sNN (GeV) Detectors Remarks
Run10 7.7, 11.5, 39, 62.4, 200
TPC, FTPC, TOF, BBC, PMD
Run11 6.1(?), 18, 27, 200 TPC, FTPC, TOF, BBC, PMD
Run14-15(DM11)
Finer steps in beam energy (?) TPC, TOF, BBC
- FTPC removed- Energy region depends on the outcomes of Run 10-11
Nu Xu 18/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
Year # Milestone2013 HP8 Measure flavor-identified q and qbar contributions to the spin of the proton via the
longitudinal-spin asymmetry of W production.
2013 HP12(update of HP1)
Utilize polarized proton collisions at center of mass energies of 200 and 500 GeV, in combination with global QCD analyses, to determine if gluons have appreciable polarization over any range of momentum fraction between 1 and 30% of the momentum of a polarized proton.
2015 HP13(new)
Test unique QCD predictions for relations between single-transverse spin phenomena in p-p scattering and those observed in deep-inelastic lepton scattering
2014 DM9(new)
Perform calculations including viscous hydrodynamics to quantify, or place an upper limit on, the viscosity of the nearly perfect fluid discovered at RHIC.
2014 DM10(new)
Measure jet and photon production and their correlations in A≈200 ion+ion collisions at energies from medium RHIC energies to the highest achievable energies at LHC.
2015 DM11(new)
Measure bulk properties, particle spectra, correlations and fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at √sNN between 5 and 60 GeV to search for evidence of a critical point in the QCD matter phase diagram.
2016 DM12(new)
Measure production rates, high pT spectra, and correlations in heavy-ion collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV for identified hadrons with heavy flavor valence quarks to constrain the mechanism for parton energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma.
2018 DM13(new)
Measure real and virtual thermal photon production in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at energies up to √sNN = 200 GeV.
DOE New RHIC Performance Milestonessp
inH
eavy
ion
Nu Xu 19/18STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010
STAR Physics Focus
Polarized p+p program - Study proton intrinsic properties
Forward program - Study low-x properties, initial condition,
search for CGC - Study elastic and inelastic processes in
pp2pp
1) At 200 GeV top energy - Study medium properties, EoS - pQCD in hot and dense medium
2) RHIC beam energy scan (BES) - Search for the QCD critical point - Chiral symmetry restoration