What is Bile?

Ans: Bile is one kind of digestive Juice synthesijed by liver and stored in gall bladder.

Characteristics of Bile:

1. Quantity: 600-1000ml/day (Guyton 11th Edition) 500ml/day (Ganong 22th Edition)

2. Colour: Yellowish green.3. Consistoncy: Viscid, mucoid liquid.4. Reaction: Alkaline.5. PH : a. Liver bile: 7.6-8.6 b. Gall bladder bile: 6.8-7.86. Taste: Bitter

Composition of liver and gall bladder bile:

Constituents Liver bile Gall bladder bilei. Water 97.5 g/dl 92 g/dlii. Bile salts 1.1 g/dl 6 g/dliii. Bilirubin 0.04 g/dl 0.3 g/dliv. Cholesterol 0.1 g/dl 0.3 to 0.9 g/dlv. Fatty acids 0.12 g/dl 0.3 to 1.2 g/dlvi. Lecithin 0.04 g/dl 0.3 g/dlvii. Na+ 145 mEq/L 130 mEq/Lviii. K+ 5 mEq/L 12 mEq/Lix. Ca++ 5 mEq/L 23 mEq/L

x. Cl- 100 mEq/L 25 mEq/L

xi. HCO3- 28 mEq/L 10 mEq/L

Difference between liver bile and gall bladder bile:

Ans: The bile from the liver is not as Concentrated as the bile that has been stored in the gall bladder.

Bile acids and pigments:

1. Bile acids:i. Cholic acid.ii. Deoxycholic acid.iii. Cheno-deoxycholic acid.iv. Lethocholic acid.v. Enolic acid.

2. Bile pigments: i. Bilirubin.ii. Biliverdin.

Bile Salts:i. Na touro-cholate.ii. K touro-cholate.iii. Na glycholate.iv. K glycholate.

Functions of bile:

1. Digestive function: i. By reducing surface tension.ii. By activating the action of lipase.iii. By solvent action.

2. Absorptive function.3. Cholague action.4. Laxative function.5. Excretory function: i. Heavy metals: Cu, Zu, Hg etc.

ii. Cartain drugs.iii. Bile pigments i.e. Bilirubin etc.iv. Cholesterol. v. Toxin, bacteria.

6. Mucin of bile acts as buffer and lubricant.

Biliary disorders:

1. Primary scleroing cholangitis.2. Primary biliary cirrhosis.3. Biliary stricture.4. Bile leak.5. Gall stone.