pharmacology & memory just
TRANSCRIPT
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Memory & Pharmacology
AbdulQadir J. Nashwan
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Road MapEtymology & Pharmacology
• Company or Manufacture• Drug’s Action or Effect• Pharmacokinetics• Origin & Structure
General Rules
Pharmacology Mnemonics
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AmikacinHydrocortisone
Candesartan
Gentamicin
ErythromycinHeparin
DoxorubicinDiusemide ®
Cefepime ®
Zinacef ®
Glucophage ®
Capoten ®
Lescol ®
Allerfin ®
Adalat ®
Actilyse ®Lasix ®
Amoclan ®Tazocin ®
Ciprodar ®
NifedipineMorphine
Atropine
Angiotic ®
Hypoten ®
Lipitor ®
StreptokinaseClopram ®
Actrapid ®
Atrovent ®
Imuran ®
Pk-Merz ®Famodar ®
Atacand ®
Hypopress ®Hyposec ®
Inhibace ®Ciprodar ®
Capoten ®
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Etymology & Football !!?
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Etymology: Example
dar as-sina'ah Arzenale Arsenal
Arabic Italian English
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Heroin
German word Heroisch
perceived “Heroic" effects
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Morphine
Greek God of DreamMorpheus
perceived “Delirium" effects
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Atropine
Italian wordAtropa belladonna
“Fair Lady”
Pupil Dilation (Mydriasis)
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Doxorubicin
French word Ruby (rubis)
Adriamycin ® from the Adriatic Sea
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Lipitor ®
Lipid
Atorvastatin
Medical uses:
• Dyslipidemia ( Lipids & Cholesterol)
• Cardiovascular disease (CHD, Stroke)
• Lipitor, is a member of the drug class ended
by vastatin
• Action: inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (an enzyme found in liver tissue that plays a key role in production of cholesterol in the body).
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Lasix ®
Lasts Six hours
Intravenous and oral Lasix ® lasts Two to Six hours
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Atrovent ®
Ipratropium
Similar to Atropine
Ventilation
Used as a Bronchodilator for Asthma & COPD
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Plavix ®
Anti-Platelets
Used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Works by irreversibly inhibiting adenosine diphosphate ADP chemoreceptor.
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Diprivan ®
Diisopropyl Intravenous Anesthetic
“Milk Anesthesia”
“Milk of Amnesia"
• Intravenous (IV)
• Anesthetic NOT Analgesic
• Sedative & Hypnotic
• Short-acting
Was a contributing factor in Jackson's
death in 2009
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Hypoten ®
Hypotension
Scientific Name: Atenolol
Examples:
Propranolol
Timolol
Esmolol
MetoprololBeta blocker
Produce
( Blood Pressure )
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Hyposec ®
Hypo = decrease
HCL (stomach) secretions
Secretions
Scientific Name: Omeprazole
Examples:
Lansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole
Esomeprazole
Pantoprazole
Rabeprazole
ProtonPumpInhibitors(PPI’s)
Other Brand Names
Prilosec ®
Losec ®
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Streptokinase
Streptococcus Bacteria
IMPORTANT: Used with caution in patients with a history of recent (5 to 6
months) Streptococcal Infection because they may have antibodies against the
drug resulting in increased resistance to its action.
Kinase = Enzyme
Brand Name
Streptase ®
Isolated from
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Navoban ®
Nausea
Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist
Vomiting
Scientific Name: Tropisetron
Examples:
Ondansetron (Zofran ®)
Granisetron
Palonosetron
Dolasetron
identified by the suffix –setron
Antiemetic to treat
following Chemotherapy
Another Brand Name: Setrovel ®
Ban = prohibit or prevent
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Nimbex ®
Neuro
• Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular
Blocking Agent
Muscular
Scientific Name: Cisatracurium Besilate
Examples:
Atracurium (Tracrium ®)
Doxacurium (Nuromax ®)
Mivacurium (Mivacron ®)
identified by the suffix –acurium
BlockerExcellent
Important Tips:
• Mechanical Ventilation
• Adjunct to Anesthesia
• NOT Analgesic !!
• Produce Hypotension due
to Histamine Release
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Ultiva ®
Total Intravenous AnesthesiaUltraShort acting
Scientific Name: Remifentanil
Examples:
Alfentanil (Alfenta®)
Sufentanil (Sufenta®)
Carfentanil (Wildnil ®)
Lofentanil
Fentanyl Analogues
• Analgesic & Anesthetic
• 100 times more potent than Morphine
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General RulesCompany or Manufacture
Drug’s Action or Effect
Pharmacokinetics
Origin & Structure
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Company or Manufacture
Ciprodar ®
Pharmaclor ®
HIKMA Midazolam
®
PK-Merz ®
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Hypoten ®
Capoten ®
Angiotic ®
Inhibiace ®
Hypopress ®
ExamplesDrug’s Action or Effect
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Diusemide ®
Lescol ®
Allerfin ®
Histop ®
Lipitor ®
ExamplesDrug’s Action or Effect
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Atrovent ®
ExamplesDrug’s Action or Effect
Atacand ®
Hyposec ®
Tazocin ®
Amoclan ®
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Lasix ®
Actrapid ®
Panadol ® Fast
Pharmacokinetics
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Streptokinase
Adrenaline
HeparinZinacef ®
Hydrocortisone ®
Origin & Structure
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Pharmacology Mnemonics
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ALONE
Epinephrine
Naloxone
Oxygen
Lidocaine
Atropine
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• SalivationS• LacrimationL• UrinationU• DigestionD• DefecationD• BronchoconstrictionB
Vagal Stimulation = Bradycardia
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Atropine
Dry Mouth
Dry Eye
Urinary Retention
Constipation
Constipation
Bronchodilation
Tachycardia
Atropine
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• Miosis (pin point pupil)M• Orthostatic hypotensionO• Respiratory depressionR• Physical dependencyP• Histamine releaseH• Increased ICPI• NauseaN• EuphoriaE• SedationS
Morphine Pharmacology Mnemonics
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• MetronidazoleM• Chloramphenico
lC• Aminoglycoside
s A• TetracyclinesT
Antibiotics Contraindicated During Pregnancy
Hepatic Failure
Gray Baby Syndrome
Ototoxicity
Teeth Discoloration & Liver Failure
*
* Relatively Contraindicated & Others like Nitrofurantoin , Quinolones and Sulfonamides
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Alprazolam Xanax ® Peak:1-2 hoursHalf-life: 6-12 hoursAnxiolytic
DiazepamValium ® Peak: 1-2 hours Half-life: 20-100 hours Anxiolytic AnticonvulsantMuscle relaxant
LorazepamAtivan ® Peak: 2-4 hours Half-life: 10-20 hours Anxiolytic Anticonvulsant
Midazolam Dormicum ® Peak: 0.5-1 hoursHalf-life: 1.8-6 hoursHypnotic
FlumazenilAnexate ® Antidote for benzodiazepines
Pharmacology Handbook for Clinical Practice ®
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