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PHN SINH THI MI TRNG

KHOA MI TRNGTHC TP MI TRNG I CNG

Nm 2016

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Ni dung

Ti nguyn sinh vttheo tuyn hnh trnh

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Nguyn tc Phn loi sinh vt2

Thu mu, bo qun v nh danh3

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a dng sinh hc

a dng sinh thi

a dng loi

a dng sinh hc

a dng di truyn

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a dng loi a dng di truyn a dng sinh thi

Gii (Kingdoms) Qun th (Populations)

Sinh i (Biomes)

Ngnh (Phyla) C th (Individuals) Vng sinh hc(Bioregions)

Lp (Class) Nhim sc th (Chromosome)

Cnh quan (Landscapes)

B (Order) Gene H sinh thi (Ecosystem)

H (Families) Nucleotide Ni (Habitats)

Ging (Genera) T sinh thi (Niches)

Loi (Species)

Cc mc a dng sinh hc

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a c mo ta

8,3 trieu

1,7 trieu

28,3 trieu

1,7 trieu

Nu Tong so c tnh = 10 trieu Nu Tong so c tnh = 30 trieu

Cha c mo ta

S loi hin c trn Tri t:

1) a dng loiBao gm tt c cc loi sinh vt trn tri t

Mi nm cc nh phn loi trn TG m t c khong 11.000 loiC nhiu loi b tuyt chng trc khi chng c m t v t tn.

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2) a dng di truyn

gene

Nhim sc th

C th

Qun th

Loi

Nucleotide

CTAGCGGATCGC

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Rng ma nhit iRng n iSa mcRng l kimng c

Sui, sng, ht ngp ncCa sngi dngVng b

a dng sinh thiCc Biome trn tri t

Trn cn Di nc

H sinh thi Vit Nam gm 3 dng chnh:

11 Cc h sinh thitrn cn

22 H sinh thi di nc

33 H sinh thi t ngpnc

Ngoi ra c: H sinh thi bin i do con ngiCc HST gp trong chuyn thc t?

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SINH CNH THEO TUYN HNH TRNH

SG-Trng Bom( Km 0-51)

Du Giy-nh Qun-o Chui

(Km 66-148)

o Chui o Bo Lc(Km 148-

Di Linh Lt Ra da Langbiang

Rng dy bn m Rng dybn m

Rng dy ho m nhit i Rng dyCao nguyn

Rng dy m vng ni Rng dy m vng ni Rng dy mvng ni

Rng dy hu lpRng chi dy/thaTrng c cy thpTrng c tranh

Rng dyhu lpRng chidyTrng c cythpTrng ctranh

Rng chi dyRng chi treTrng c tranhOxytenanthera (tre chu Phi)

Rng chi dyRng tha thng 2 lDu tr benRng du thaTrng c cy thp, trng c tranh

Rng tha thng 3 l+trngc

Rng tha thng 3 l+trng c Rng si, dTng, bch

Du, sao Bng lng,su, tch

Chui rng, dng x imc, da di

Thng 2 l, tng bch, cc di Thng 2 l, thng 3 l Thng 2 l, thng 3 l, thng 5 l Thng 2 l,thng 3 l,thng 5 l

Cao su, cy n tri (xoi, mt,bi,)

Cao su, cyn tri (cam,qut, chmchm)

La ry, bp chui, b, suring

Tr, c ph, b, cy n tri, rau ci Cy n tri, du ty, hng,rau ci

Cy n tri, du ty, hng, rauci

Tch Tectona grandis (Gi t)

Cy a kh hu nhit i ma maG mu vng sm, hay xm hi nu. Vngnm r nhn, g mun mch tha, nh hn gsm. Tia nh, mt tha. G nng trung bnh,t trng 0,7. Lc ko ngang th 32 kg/cm, lcnn dc th 471 kg/cm, on 1.253 kg/cm, thto nhng mn, khng cong vnh, nt n, khngb mi mt, nm mc ph hoi nn dng ngbn gh, t.... G chu c nc mn, nnng tu bin tt, ng toa xe, t vt, x vnsn, g lng..Dng g lm bng sng :1.Khng gin n bi nc v khng kh m2.Khng qu nng v qu cng phi c do).Trng thnh rng nh Qun (tnh ngNai) do B Trn L Xun v ng Ng nhNhu trng, cn Tp.HCM c trng ri rc vicon ng (trc Dinh Thng Nht).

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Cao nguyn Lang Biang

S phn b ng, thc vt theo cao biuhin rt r nt. S thay i thnh phn loi theo cao ch yu l do ch nhit.

Thong (Taxus wallichiana):hoat chat 10-DB III esan xuat Taxol nguyen lieu chnh e ieu che thuoc cha tr benhung th, cao nhat the gii: Cao gap 4 lan so vi Thong o TrungQuoc, 40 lan so vi Thong o My va 100 lan so vi Thong oMexico. Hien nay, gia 1 kg Taxol len ti 1-1,5 trieu USD; Sntra Crataegus

c cng nhn l Khu D tr sinh quyn Th giivo ngy 09/06/2015 (l KDTSQTG th 9 ca VitNam v th 651 ca 120 quc gia trn TG). 12

a dng thc vt

S phn b ng, thc vt theo cao biu hin rt r nt

Vi hn 3.000 loi thc vt

Cc loi thc vt c trng: thng 2 l, thng 3 l, dng x , phong lan, nh tng, d tng,

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Bo tn ni viVn Quc gia Bidoup-Ni B, Lm ng

Quy m din tch: 64.800 ha- Phn khu bo v nghim ngt: 28.731

ha- Phn khu phc hi sinh thi: 36.059 ha- Phn khu dch v, hnh chnh: 10 ha

VQG tin hnh PES (PaymentEnvironment/Ecosystem Services)

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Sui Nc Moc (nm trong phn khu dch v hnh chnh ca Vn)

Thng nm l

Cy tri & cy conThng l dt

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Cy & l P mu

Si ba cnh

17Lan hi i cun(pht hin Lm ng)

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Phi ip vng (mt loi lan rng c hu ca cao nguyn LangBian)

4 loi chimc hu hpcao nguyn Lt l:1. Chim Mi

Langbian2. Khu

u en3. Khu m

xm4. S hng

vng19

Chim ho mi Langbian (loi chim c hu ca rng Lm ng, ang b e

do tuyt chng trn phm vi ton cu)

Bo tn ngoi vi: 1.Phn vin Sinh hc Lt2. Vin Hi dng hc Nha Trang

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B nui (Aquarium) Ngn hng ht ging gen

www.themegallery.com Company Logo

PHN VIN SINH HC LT

Mc tiu

Nghin cu thun ha nhp ni cc loing thc vt.

Nghin cu ng dng cc phng php visinh vt.

Nghin cu ng dng cc phng php visinh vt

Nghin cu chit tch cc hot cht sinhhc

Thc hin s hp tc quc t ,o to cnb khoa hc v cng ngh.

Vin Hi dng hc

Vin nghin cu v

a dng sinh hc

vt l hi dng

sinh thi mi trng

a cht a mo bin

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Cc nguyn nhn/tc ng lm suy gimDSH, TNTN nhn bit qua thc t ?

DSH ang DSH ang mt dnmt dnNN4

NN3

NN2

NN1

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Kim lm ang lp h s x l 9 i tng trong ng dy sn bt th hoang Vn quc gia BidoupNi B

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Lm cnh

Khai thc sinh vt lm cnh

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Nn di dn t do: e da stn ti ca cc khu rng vkhu bo tn thin nhin do ihi t sn xut, xm ln trng, trng la, c ph, caosu

Rng b tn ph trng c ph

X Tn Thanh, huyn Lm H, Lm ng

Tn ph rng thng

Theo Tng cc Lm nghip:nm 2010: Lm ng c602.000 ha rng nhngn 2014 ch cn 513.529ha.

L mt khong 90.000 harng trong 5 nm! Ring Lt, nm 2010, che phrng t 56% th nay chcn 47%

(Theo Ngi Lao ng16/6/2015)

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S suy gim DSH kh nhn bit

1. Rng trng thun loi thay th rng bna

2. Rng thng thay th rng l rng: HSTdi tn thng khng pht trin do lthng kh phn hy, lm t kh, gimcht lng t; nha thng khng thchhp cho 1 s ng vt

Tng che ph rng nhng gim DSH

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Bm bm bi o Khnh L(im kho st 9)

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Tn thng gi: Bm (bm) biTn khc: Dy lang rng, Tho bc t, St th dy leo, St th kiu mcTn ting Anh: Pretty Tree KillerTn khoa hc: Merremia boisiana (Gagnepain) van Ooststroom

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H sinh thi bin i do con ngi

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Nguyn tc Phn loi sinh vt2

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H thng phn loi sinh hc

H thng phn loi sinh hc: s sp xp v chiathnh cc nhm sinh vt theo nhng nguyn tcnht nh. Mi nhm sinh vt cn c tn gi ring vc phn nh da trn nhng du hiu xc nh.Cn c vo mi quan h gia cc nhm, ngita lisp xp chng theo th t hoc gp chng thnhnhng cp phn loi cao hn. Trong sinh hc v csinh vt hc c hai kiu phn loi c p dng phbin l phn loi nhn to v phn loi t nhin.

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Cc cp phn loi

Theo ngh ca nh bc hc Thy in C. Linnaeus(1707-1778), hi ngh quc t cc nh sinh vt hc thngqua h thng cc n v phn loi t thp ln cao nh sau:

Loi: l n v c bn ca h thng cc n v phn loi ktrn. N tp hp cc c th sinh sng trong mt khongkhng gian xc nh, ging nhau v cc du hiu hnh thi,sinh hc v sinh thi. Cc c th ca loi ny cch bit vphng din sinh sn vi cc c th ca loi khc.

Ging: bao gm mt hoc l tp hp ca mt s loi cnhiu c im chung v c iu kin sng gn ging nhau.Tng t nh vy, mt ging hoc tp hp ca mt sging gn gi to thnh mt h; mt hoc tp hp ca mts h gn gi-mt b; mt hoc tp hp ca mt s b gngi-mt lp; mt hoc mt tp hp ca mt s lp gn gi-mt ngnh; tp hp ca mt s ngnh gn gi-mt gii.

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Tn khoa hc ca cc cp phn loi c thng nht vit theo ch Latin nh sau:

Gii-Regnum Ngnh-Phylum Lp-classis B-Ordo H-Familia Ging (ng vt),Chi (thc vt)-Genus Loi-species

Cc cp phn loi trung gian: Sub- (ph) Super- (thng/lin)

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Xut hin t nm 1753, nm xut bn u tin ca cng trnhSpecies Plantarum ca Carl Linnaeus.

Hi ngh Paris (1867): Quy tc v danh php- Ngnh v phn ngnh- Lp v phn lp- B v phn b- H v phn h- Tng v phn tng- Chi v phn chi- T v phn t- Lot v phn lot- Loi v phn loi- Th v phn th hoc ging trng- Dng v phn dng Trong , bc phn loi loi cc n v c bn (Ngnh, Lp,

B v H) v tip l bc chi (trc y dng ch ging)l thng dng nht.

Lut Danh php v cch c tn khoa hc cc loi cy

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Cc bc t Ngnh n TngTing latin Ting vit Tip t

Divisio Ngnh -phyta ( thc vt c chi, To)-myceta ( Nm)

Subdivisio Phn ngnh -phytina ( thc vt c chi, To)-mycetina ( Nm)

Classis Lp mycetes ( Nm)-phyceae ( To)-lichenes ( a y)-opsida ( thc vt c chi)

Subclassis Phn lp -mycetidae ( Nm)-phycideae ( To)-idae ( thc vt c chi)

Ordo B -ales

Subordo Phn b -ineae

Familia H -aceae

Subfamilia Phn h -oideae

Tribus Tng -eae

Subtribus Phn tng -inae

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Cc bc di chi

Ting Latin Ting Vit Vit tt

Genus ChiSubgenus Phn chi subg.Sectio Nhnh (T) sect.

Subsectio Phn t subsect.Series LotSubseries Phn lotSpecies Loi sp.

Subspecies Phn loi subsp.Varietas Th var.Subvarietas Phn th subvar.Forma Dng form.Subforma Phn dng subform.

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Quy tc chung v Danh php

Tn khoa hc gm t nht 2 tn (chi vloi): Danh php tn iTn cy phi c vit bng ch latin.

Tn latin l bt buc i vi cc chi, loi,th, cc bc di chi, loi v th.Tn latin thng c vit nghing hoc

gch di.

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Quy tc ring v tn cy Tn chi, phn chi v t u vit nghing, ch u vit

hoa, phn cn li vit thngV d: Setaria palmifolia var. rubra

Mt tn cy y phi km theo tn ca tc gi cng b n. Tn tc gi vit theo ch La M (ch ng).

Vd: Rauvolfi