1 

PHALADEEPIKA

MALAYALAM TRANSLATION

Complete book

(28 chapters, 865 slokas, B5 size, 476 pages)

  

AUTHOR MANTRESWARA 

 TRANSLATION : MULLAPPILLY 

 Copy right: mullappillymp@gmail.com 

 

 2

  

hnjbhnhcw

A≤ymbw hnjbw ˛ t]Pv

1 kw⁄m≤ymbw (cminIfpw `mhßfpw) 6

2 {Klt`Zm≤ymbw ({Klßsf°pdn®v Adntb- sX√mw.) 26

3 h¿§ßfpw Awißfpw 57

4 jUv_ew, N{μ{Inb apXembh 73

5 I¿Ω-mPo-h-{]-I-cWw 89

6 tbmK-߃ 95

7 kzXxkn≤cmPtbmK߃ 134

8 `mhm{i-b-^ew- ({Kl-߃ `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ ^ew) 149

9 {Kl߃ cmin-I-fn¬ (e·^ehpw {Kl߃ D®w, kzt£{Xw

apXembhbn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ ^ehpw) 173

10 Ggmw `mhNn¥ 183

11 kv{XoPmXIw 193

12 ]p{XNn¥ 201

13 Bbp¿\n¿Æbw 216

14 tcmKw, acWw, Ign™ P∑w, ASpØ P∑w 229

15 `mh-Nn-¥m-hn[n 245

16 `mh^ew 262

17 \ncymW{]IcWw 277

18 Zzn{K-l-tbm-K^eßfpw ]{μ-s\ a‰p {Kl-߃

ZrjvSn-sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-ßfpw a‰pw 288

19 Zim-^ew 299

20 `mhm-[n-]- Z-im-^ew 312

21 A-]-lm-c-^-ew 336

22 Bbp¿±mbZiIƒ 387

23 AjvSIh¿§w 392

24 AjvSIh¿§w (XpS¿®) 411

25 D]{Kl߃ 432

26 Nmc-^ew 449

27 k\ymktbmK߃ 472

28 D]kwlmcw 476

A\p_‘w

1 {KlßfpsS h¿§_ew (A≤ymbw 3) 478

2 jUv_ew, N{μ{Inb apXembh (A≤mbw 4) 488

3 ImeN{IZibnse Zim\mY]´nI (A≤ymbw 22) 511

4. {KlßfpsS an{X˛i{Xp˛ka ]´nI 514

5. IS]bmZn A£ckwJy 514

6. `mcXobtPymXnjw ˛ Hcp ]T\w 515

3 

A≤ymbw 1

kw⁄m≤ymbw

hnjbhnhcw t«mI߃

1. cminIƒ 1, 2 awKmNcWw

3 KWnX`mKw

4. cminIfpw Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ahbhßfpw

cmin-k‘nIƒ

cmin-kz-cq]w

5. cmin-ÿm\-߃

6. {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyw

kuc-bqYhpw {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyhpw

{Kl-ß-fpsS D®-cm-in-Ifpw AXyp®ÿm\ßfpw

7. {Klß-fpsS aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-Iƒ

\c-cm-in-Iƒ, IoS-cm-inIƒ, Pe-cm-in-Iƒ, NXp-jv]m-ZcminIƒ

8. ]rjvtTm-Z-b ˛ D`-tbm-Z-b ˛ io¿tjm-Zbcmin-Iƒ

cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ

Du¿≤-˛-A-[-˛-k-a-cmin-Iƒ

9. Nc-˛ÿn-c˛-D-`-b-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh

]pcp-j-cminIƒ, kv{Xo-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh

cminIƒ°v Zn°p-I-fpsS B[n]Xyw

hmamw-K-Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ

2. `mh-߃ 10˛16 1 apX¬ 12 hscbp≈ `mhßfpsS hnhcWw.

16 eo\-ÿm-\-߃.

17 Zpÿm-\-߃, kpÿm\߃, tI{μ-߃

18 ]W-]cw, Bt]m-¢naw,

NXp-c{iw.

D]-Nbw.

{XntImWw

 4

1. cminIƒ

(1)

kμ¿i\w hnX-\ptX ]nXr-tZ-h-\rWmw

amkm-_vZ-hm-k-c-Z-ssf-c-Y(1) Du-¿-≤zKw bXv

khyw IzNnXv IzNn-Zp--ss]-Xy-]-k-hy-taIw

tPymXnx ]cw ZniXp hkvXz-anXmw {inbw \x.

kμ¿i\w hnX-\ptX - ˛ kμ¿in-°p∂p (Z¿i\w \¬Ip-∂p),

]nXr-tZ-h -\rWmw ˛ ]nXr-°ƒ°pw tZh-Iƒ°pw a\p-jy¿°pw

(]nXr-˛-tZ-h-˛-a-\pjytemI-߃°v),

amk A_vZ hm-k-c- ˛ amkw, A_vZw (h¿jw), hmkcw (Znhkw)

Ch-bpsS,

Z-ssf-x AY ˛ ]IpXn hoXw,

Du-¿-≤zKw ˛ apI-fn-tebv°p Kan-°p-∂Xv,

bXv ˛ bmsXm-∂mtWm,

khyw ˛ CS-tØm-´v (sXt°m´v˛Z-£n-Wm-b-\w),

IzNnXv ˛ Nnte-SØv, Nne-t∏mƒ,

IzNn-Xv D--ss]-Xn- A]-k-hyw ˛ Nnte-S-Øv (Nne-t∏mƒ) he-tØm-´v

(hS-t°m-´ v˛ -DØcm-b-\w) k©-cn°p-∂p,

GIw tPymXnx ]cw -˛ ]ca-amb B tPymXn- v,

ZniXp ˛ ImWn-°s´ (\¬Is´),

hkvXp AanXmw {inbw ˛ Af-h‰ sFiz-cysØ,

\x ˛ \ap°v.

]mTt`Zw:(1) A[ Du¿≤zKw F∂p sNdph≈n. F∂m¬ AYbpsS ImcyØn¬

sX°p\n∂pap≈ \mWp]n≈ Bim\pw, hS°p\n∂pap≈ Pn.Fkv. I]qdpw Htc

A`n{]mb°mcmWv. Cu AY˛A[ hyXymkØn\p ImcWw tZh\mKcnen]nsb

At]£n®v {KŸm£cØn\p≈ ]cnanXnbmbncn°Ww.

kmcw:: ]nXr-°ƒ°pw tZh-Iƒ°pw a\p-jy¿°pw amk-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn, h¿j-

Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn, Znh-k-Øns‚ ]IpXn F∂ {Ia-Øn¬ Z¿i-\-a-cpfn, F√m-‰n\pw apIfn¬

Db¿∂p\n∂p {]Im-in-°p-∂, Bdp amkw sXt°m´pw Bdp amkw hS-t°m´pw k©-cn-

°p∂, ]c-a-amb B tPymXn v (kq-cy-tZ-h≥) \ap°p k¿h sFiz-cy-ßfpw {]Zm\w

sNø-s´.

(2)

hmKvtZhow Ipe-tZ-hXmw aa Kpcq≥ Ime{Xb⁄m\-Zm≥

kqcym-Zow› \h-{K-lm≥ KW-]Xnw `‡ym {]W-tay-izcw

kw£n]ym{Xn-]-cm-i-cmZn IYn-Xm≥ at{¥iztcm ssZhhnZv˛-

ht£y f lw ^e-Zo-]nImw kphnaemw tPymXn¿hnZmw {]oXtb.

 5

hmKvtZhow ˛ kc-kz-Xo-tZ-hnsb,

Ipe-tZ-hXmw ˛ [¿Ω-ssZ-h-ßsf,

Ime{Xb⁄m\-Zm≥ ˛ {XnIm-e-⁄m-\n-I-fmb

aa Kpcq≥ ˛ Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y-∑msc,

kqcym-Zow› \h-{K-lm≥ ˛ kqcy≥ XpS-ßnb \h-{K-l-ßsf,

KW-]Xnw ˛ KW-]-Xnsb,

Cuizcw ˛ Cuiz-cs\ (inhs\)

`‡ym {]W-ay ˛ -`‡n-tbmsS {]W-an-®n´v,

A{Xn-]-cm-i-cmZn ˛ A{Xn, ]cm-i-c≥ XpS-ßnb al¿jn-am-cm¬,

IYn-Xm≥ ˛ ]d-b-s∏´ (tPymXnj^e⁄m\w)

kw£n]y ˛ Npcp°n Xømdm°nb

^e-Zo-]nImw kphnaemw ˛ ]hn-{X-amb Cu ^e-Zo-]nIsb

tPymXn¿hnZmw {]oXtb. ˛ tPymXnjhnZzm∑-mcpsS {]oXn°mbns°m- v

at{¥iztcm ssZh]nZv ˛ at{¥izcssZh⁄\mb

ht£y Alw ˛ Rm≥ hnhcn°p∂p

kmcw: hmKvtZhXbmb kc-kz-Xo-tZ-hn, Ipe-tZ-h-X, Kpcp-\m-Y-∑m¿, kqcy-`-K-hm≥

XpS-ßnb \h-{K-l-߃, KW-]-Xn, ]c-a-in-h≥ Chsc `‡ntbmsS hWßn ssZh-⁄-

\mb Rm≥, at{¥-iz-c≥, tPymXn-jm-Nm-cy-∑m-cmb A{Xn, ]cm-i-c≥ XpS-ßnb al¿jn-am-

cm¬ D]-tZ-in-°-s∏´ tPymXn-j-imkv{Xw ]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS {]oXn-°-mbn-s°m- v Npcp°n

hnh-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

(3)

]Zm-`m-ssZy¿bss{¥¿P\\ka-tbm f {X {]Y-atXm

hnti-jm-Zzn-t⁄-b-x kl hnL-Sn-Im`n-kvXzY XZm

KssX¿ZrIv XpeyXzw KWn-XI-cssWx tJN-c-KXnw

hnZnXzm XZv`mhw _e-a]n ^ew ssXx IY-b-Xp.

{]Y-aXx ˛ BZy-ambn,

]Zm-`m-ssZyx bss{¥x ˛ ASn-b-fthm D]-I-c-W-ßtfm sh®v,

P\\ka-bx A{X ˛ P\-\-k-abw,

kl hnL-Sn-Im-`nx Xp AY ˛ hn\m-gnI klnXw,

hnti-jmXv hn--t⁄-b-x ˛ {]tXyIw Adn-bWw.

AXn\p tijw,

KssXxZrIv XpeyXzw KWn-XI-cssWx ˛ Zr§-Wn-X-{]-Imcw IW-°p-Iq´n,

tJN-c-KXnw ˛ (B kabsØ) {Kl-ÿnXn,

XZv`mhw _ew A]n ˛ `mhhpw _ehpw Dƒs∏sS

hnZnXzm ˛ Adn-™n´v

^ew ssXx ˛ Ah-bpsS -^ew,

IY-b-Xp ˛ ]d-bpI.

BZy-ambn icn-bmb P\-\-k-abw Is- -Øp-I. F∂n´v B P\-\-ka-b-sØ

{Kl\ne KWn-®p-- m-°p-I. (sk¬ t^mWn¬ hsc Akvt{SmfPn tkm^v‰vshb¿

 6

e`yamb C°meØv Hcp {Kl \netbm Xe°pdntbm Xømdm°m≥ \nanj߃ am{Xw

aXn). AXn-\p-tijw {Kl-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ `mh-ßfpsSbpw `mhm-[n-]-∑m-sc∂

\nebv°v {Kl-ß-fpsSbpw _ehpw -^eZm-\-ti-jnbpw Nn¥ns®Sp-°pI.- C{Xbpw

sNbvXn´pthWw C\n ]d-bm≥t]mIp∂ PmXI-^e-{]-h-N\\nb-a-߃sh®p PmX-I-^ew

Nn¥n®pXpS-ßphm≥.

(4)

intcm-h-‡vtdm-tcm-lr-÷-T-c-I-SnhkvXn{]P-\\˛

ÿem-\yqcq Pmt\zm¿bp-K-f-anXn PwtL ]Z-bpKw

hne-·m¬ Imemw-Km-\y-fn-Q-j-Ip-fo-cm-¥n-a-anZw (1)

`k-‘n¿hn-JymXm kI-e-`-h-\m-¥m-\]n ]tc.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: AfnQjIpfocmfn Ncaw

cminIfpw Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ahbhßfpw cmin-N-{I-Øn¬ PmX-I-Øn¬

AwKw (cmin) (`mhw) inc ˛ inc v taSw 1

h{‡ ˛ apJw CShw 2

Dc ˛ s\©v anYp\w 3

lrZv ˛ lrZbw I¿°-SIw 4

PT-c ˛ hb¿ Nnßw 5

ISn ˛ Ac-s°´v I∂n 6

hkvXn ˛ s]m°nfn\p Xmsgbp≈ `mKw,

(aq{Xm-ibw) Xpemw 7

{]P-\-\-ÿ-em≥ ˛ P\-t\-{μnbw hr›nIw 8

Ducq ˛ XpS-Iƒ [\p 9

Pmt\zx bpKfw ˛ Im¬ap-´p-Iƒ aIcw 10

PwtL ˛ IW-¶m-ep-Iƒ Ipw`w 11

]Z-bpKw ˛ ]mZ-߃ ao\w 12

hne-·m¬ ˛ Cßs\ e·w apX¬°v

Imemw-Km\n ˛ Ime-]pcp-js‚ -AwK-߃ BIp-∂p.

cmin-N{Iw ÿe-am-W;v -k-abhp-am-Wv. ÿew 360 Un{Kn-bp≈ hrØ-am-sW-¶n¬,

kabw 60 \mgnI AYhm 24 aWn-°q¿ ssZ¿Lyap≈ Znh-k-am-Wv. KWn-Xw-sIm- vv

Chsb ]c-kv]cw am‰n-sb-Sp-°mw. cmin-N-{IsØ Ime-]p-cp-j-\mbn ImWp-∂-Xns‚ ASn-

ÿm\hpw C-Xm-Wv.

Imemw-Km\n hcmw-K-am-\-\-aptcm lrXv t{ImU-hm-tkm f `rtXm

hkvXn-¿hy-RvP-\-aq-cpPm-\p-bp-Ktf PwtL XtXm f w-{Ln-Zzbw

tajmizn{]Yam \h¿£NcWm›{IÿnXm cmitbm,

cmint£{XKrl¿£`m\n `h\w ssNIm¿∞k{ºXytb. ˛

(tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1-˛4)

 7

Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ah-b-h-߃ 360 Un{Kn hrØ-amb cmin-N-{I-Ønƒ taSw

apX¬°pw PmXIØn¬ e·w-ap-X¬°pw Nn¥n°Ww. tlmcm-imkv{XØnse t«mI-

Øn¬ Imemw-Km\n.....-N-{I-ÿnXm cmibx F∂-Xp-sIm- v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv cmin-N-{I-cq-]-

Øn-ep≈ ]pcp-j-s\-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn¬ hne-·m¬ F∂v FSpØp ]d-™n-

´p-≈-Xp-sIm- v PmX-I-Øn¬ e·w- ap-X¬°mWv CXp Nn¥n-t°-- -sX∂p hy‡-am-°p-

∂p. Ct∏mƒ km[m-cW sNbvXp-hcp-∂Xv IpP≥ PmX-I-Øn¬ Nnß-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬,

Nnßw F{Xmw `mh-amtWm AhnsS Hcp AS-bmfw ]d-bpI F∂-XmWv.

cmin-k‘nIƒ

Afn-Q-j-Ip-fo-cm-¥n-a-anZw

Afn ˛ tXƒ (hr›nIw),

Qjw ˛ a’yw (ao\w),

Ipfocw ˛ R- v (I¿-°-SIw),

A¥naw ˛ Ah-km-\-cmin (ao\w),

CZw ˛ C{]-Imcw,

`k‘nx ˛ cmin-k‘nIƒ

hyJymXm ˛ F∂p {]kn≤w.

kI-e-`-h-\m-¥m-\]n ]tc ˛ cmin-Iƒ tNcp-∂n-S-sØ√mw k‘n-bp-

s- ∂pw Nne¿°v A`n-{]m-b-ap-- v.

cmin-k‘nIfpw \£{Xk‘nIfpw ÿm\w cmin-k-‘n- \£-{X-k‘n 120w I¿°Sw ˛ Nnßw B-bneyw ˛ aIw

240w hr›nIw ˛ [\p Xr-t°´ ˛ aq-ew

360w ao\w ˛ taSw tc-hXn ˛ Aiz-Xn

N{μ≥ k‘n IS-°p-tºm-gmWv Kfim¥w. Kfim¥w aq∂p hn[-ap-- v.

cminK-fim-¥w, \£-{X-K-fim-¥w, XnYn-K-fim-¥w.

tlmcmimkv{Xw: 1˛7

iin`h\mfnQjm¥ar£k‘n....

^e-Zo-]n-I-bnse ASpØ t«mI-Øn-tebv°p IS-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv tlmcm-im-kv{X

Øn¬\n∂pXs∂ cmin-kz-cq]w hnhcn°p∂ Hcp t«mIw D≤-cn-°mw.

a’yu LSo \ran-Yp\w kKZw khoWw

Nm]o \tcm-iz-P-Lt\m aItcm arKmkyx

Xueox kkkyZl\m πhKm N I\ym

tijmx kz\m-a-k-Zr-im -kz-N-cm› k¿th. (tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1-˛5)

cmin-kz-cq]w 1. a’yu ˛ c- p a’y-߃ (ao-\w)

2 LSo ˛ IpSw ]nSn-®-h≥ (Ipw-`w)

3 \ran-Yp\w kKZw khoWw ˛ KZ-tb-¥nb ]pcp-j\pw, hoW ]nSn®

kv{Xobpw (anYp\w)

4 Nm]o \tcm-iz-P-Lt\m - ˛ Nm]n \cx Aiz PL\x

 8

˛ Acbv°p apI-fn¬, Iøn¬

hnt√m-Sp-Iq-Snb ]pcp-j≥,

Acbv°p Xmsg IpXn-c ([-\p)

5 aItcm arKmky ˛ am\ns‚ apJap≈ aI-c-a’yw

Asæn am\ns\ ]IpXn

hngpßnb apXe (a-I-cw)

6 Xueo ˛ Xpem p ]nSn® ]pcp-j≥(Xp-emw)

7 kkkyZl\m πhKm N I\ym ˛ Hcp Iøn¬ kkyhpw at‰ Iøn¬

]¥hpw]nSn®v tXmWn-bn¬ Ccn-°p∂

I\y-I (I-∂n)

tijmx kz\makZrim ˛ tijn-®h Xß-fpsS t]cn-\-\p-k-cn-®p-≈h

8. taSw ˛ BSv

9. CShw ˛ Imf

10. I¿°SIw ˛ R- v

11. Nnßw ˛ knwlw

12. hr›nIw ˛ tXfv

kzN-cm› k¿th ˛ F√mw Xm¥m-ß-fpsS ÿe-ß-fn¬

k©-cn-°p-∂h.

kzN-cm› k¿th F∂-Xns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-amWv ^e-Zo-]n-I-bnse ASpØ t«mIw.

(5)

ActWy tIZmtc ib-\-`-ht\ iz{`k-ente

Kncu ]mYx- kkym-\zn-X-`phn hnimw[mav\n kpjntc

P\m-[o-i-ÿmt\ kPehn]nt\ [mav\n hnN-c¬

Ipemte Ioemte hk-Xn-cpZnXm taj-`-h-\mXv.

ActWy ˛ Im´n¬,

tIZmtc ˛ hb-en¬,

ib-\-`-ht\ ˛ InS-∏p-ap-dnbn¬,

ip{`kente ˛ ip≤-P-e-Øn¬,

Kncu ˛ ae-I-fn¬,

]mYx kkym-\zn-X-`phn ˛ Pehpw kky-ß-fp-ap≈ ÿew,

hnimw-[mav\n ˛ I®-h-S-ÿ-e-߃,

kpjntc ˛ s]mØp-I-fn¬,

P\m-[o-i-ÿmt\ ˛ sIm´m-c-ß-fn¬,

kP-e-hn-]nt\ ˛ Pe-ap≈ Im´n¬,

[mav\n hnN-cXv Ipemte ˛ a¨]m-{X߃-- D- m°p-∂ ÿe-w

Ioemte ˛ Pe-Øn¬,

hkXnx DZnXm ˛ hmk-ÿm\w ]d-b-∏-Sp-∂p,

taj-`-h-\mXv ˛ taSw cmin-ap-X¬.

cmin-ÿm\-߃

 9

cmin kzcq]w ÿm\w 1. ta-Sw BSv ImSv

2. C-S-hw Imf hb-¬

3. an-Yp-\w bph-an-Yp-\-߃ InS-∏p-ap-dn

4. I¿°-S-Iw R- v ip≤Pew

5. Nn-ßw knwlw ae{ºtZiw

6. I-∂n I\yI Pehpw kky-ß-fp-ap≈ ÿew

7. Xp-emw Xpem v I®-h-S-ÿ-e-߃

8. hr-›n-Iw R- v s]mØv

9. [-\p cmPKpcp cmPkZ v

10. a-I-cw aI-c-a’yw Pemibßfp≈ ImSv

11. Ipw-`w IpSw a¨]m-{X߃-- D- m°p-∂ÿe-w

12. ao-\w c- p a’y-߃ Pew

(6)

`uax ip-{I-_p-t[μp kqcyiin-Pmx ip-{Im-c- Po-hm¿°Pmx

atμm tZh-Kpcpx {ItaW IYnXm tajmZn cmio-izcmx

kqcym-Zp-®-Krlmx {Intbm hrjar-K-kv{Xo -I¿°n -ao-\m-kvXpemx

Zn{‡yw-ssi¿a-\p-bpIv XnYojp`\-Jmw-ssikvtX f kvX \oNmx {IamXv.

{Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyw

`uax ip-{I....tajmZn cmio-izcmx ˛ taSw XpS-ßnb cmin-IfpsS \m-Y-∑m¿

{ItaW IYnXm ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂p....

cmin cmiym[n]≥

1. taSw ua ˛ Ip-P≥ ˛ Ip

2. CShw ip{I ˛ ip{I≥ ˛ ip

3. anYp\w _p[ ˛ _p[≥ ˛ _p

4. I¿°-Sw Cμp ˛ N-{μ≥ ˛ N

5. Nnßw kqcy ˛ chn ˛ c

6. I∂n iinPm ˛ _p-[≥ ˛ _p

7. Xpemw ip{I ˛ ip{I≥ ˛ ip

8. hr›nIw Bc ˛ Ip-P≥ ˛ Ip

9. [\p Poh ˛ hymgw ˛ Kp

10. aIcw A¿°P ˛ i-\n ˛ a

11. Ipw`w aμ ˛ i-\n ˛ a

12. ao\w tZh-Kpcp ˛ hymgw ˛ Kp

£nXn-P-kn-X-⁄-N-{μ-c-hn-ku-ay-kn-Xm-h-\nPmx kqc-Kp-cp-ku-cn-a-μ-Kp-cp-h› Krlmw-i-I]mx (tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1˛6)

cminN{Ihpw {KlßfpsS cmiym[n]Xyhpw ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w

Kp Ip ip _p

Ipw`w I¿°SIw

a N

aIcw Nnßw

 10

a c

[\p hr›nIw Xpemw I∂n

Kp Ip ip _p

kuc-bqYhpw {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyhpw

kuc-bq-Y-Øn¬ {Kl-ß-fpsS ÿm\w _p[≥, ip{I≥, -`qan, IpP≥,- Kpcp, i\n

F∂ {Ia-Øn-em-Wt√m. Cu {Ia-Øn¬ Øs∂-bmWv {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]-Xyhpw

hcp-∂Xv. apI-fn se 6 FÆw N{μ-m[o\hpw XmgsØ 6 FÆw kqcy-m[o\hp-am-Wv.

kqcy\p]Icw `qanbmWv Cu cminN{IØns‚ tI{μw F∂Xp am{XamWv Hcp

hyXymkw.

{Kl-ß-fpsS D®-cm-in-Ifpw AXyp®ÿm\ßfpw kqcym-Zp-®-Krlmx {Intbm hrjar-K-kv{Xo -I¿°n -ao-\m-kvXpemx

Zn{‡yw-ssi¿a-\p-bpIv XnYojp`\-Jmw-ssikvtX f kvX \oNmx {IamXv.

kqcymXv ˛ kqcy≥apX¬°,v

D®-Krlm ˛ D®cmin-Iƒ,

{Klw cmin chn {Inb ˛ ta-Sw,

N{μ≥ hrj ˛ C-Shw,

IpP≥ arK ˛ a-I-cw,

_p[≥ kv{Xo ˛ I-∂n,

Kpcp I¿°n ˛ I¿°-S-Iw,

ip{I≥ ao\ ˛ ao\w,

i\n Xpemw ˛ Xpemw,

D®w `qXkwJybn¬

ZnIv ˛ ]Øp Zn°pIƒ ˛ 10

{Xywssix ˛ 3 `mK

a\p-bpIv ˛ a\p°ƒ 14, 14 $ 2 = 28

XnYn ˛ XnYnIƒ 15.

Cjp ˛ icw ˛ ]©ic߃ ˛ 5

`w ˛ 27 \£{X߃ ˛ 27

\J ˛ \J߃ 10+ 10 = 20

AkvX ˛ (Chbp-sS) Ggmwcmin,

\oN ˛ \oN-ÿm\w,

{IamXv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬.

]´nI

 11

{Klw D®w AXp®w \oNw AXn\oNw chn taSw 10T Xpemw 10T

N{μ≥ CShw 3T hr›nIw 3T

IpP≥ aIcw 28T I¿°Sw 28T

_p[≥ I∂n 15T ao\w 15T

Kpcp I¿°Sw 5T aIcw 5T

ip{I≥ ao\w 27T I∂n 27T

i\n Xpemw 20T taSw 20T

kq-cy\v taS-Øn¬ D®w. taS-w 10 Un{Kn-bn¬ AXyp®w. Cu coXnXs∂ a‰p-≈-

h¿°pw. D®-Øn¬\n∂pw Ggmwcmin \oNw. AXyp®Øn¬\n∂pw 180T Un{Knbn¬

AXn\oNw.

AP-hr-j-`-ar-Kmw-K-\m-Ip-focm

Qj-h-WnPu N Znhm-I-cmZn XpwKmx (tlmcm-im-kv{Xw : 1-˛13)

(7)

knwtlm-£m-Ph[qlbmwKhWnPx

Ipw`-kv{Xn-tIm-Wmx -c-thx

- t⁄tμmkvXq-®-e-hm∂tJmUzn-\-i-sscx

-ZnKv`q-X-Ir-Xyw-issIx

Nm]m-Zy¿[h-[q\r-bp-Kv L-S-Xpem

a¿Xym› IoSm f fn`w

Xzm]ymx I¿°narKm-]-cm¿≤i^-cmx

tijm-›-Xp-jv]m-Z-Imx.

{Klß-fpsS aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-Iƒ

{XntImtW ˛ aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-߃,

cth-x ˛ kqcy≥ apX¬°v,

aqe-{Xn-tIm-Wcmin aqe-{Xn-tIm-W`mK {Klw ]cn[n knwl ˛ Nnßw, \tJm ˛ \Jw ˛ 20T c 1˛20

D£ ˛ CShw, DUp ˛ \£{X߃ ˛ 27T N 4˛30

AP ˛ ta-Sw, C\ ˛ kqcy∑m¿ ˛ 12T Ip 1˛12

h[p ˛ I-∂n, ic ˛ ic߃ ˛ 5T _p 16˛20

lbmwK˛ [-\p, ZnIv ˛ Zn°pIƒ ˛ 10T Kp 1˛10

hWnP ˛ Xp-emw, `qX ˛ ]©`qX߃ 5T ip 1˛5

Ipw` ˛ Ipw`w, IrXn ˛ 20T a 1˛20

knwtlm hrjx {]Y-a-j-jvT-l-bmw-K-Xu-eo

Ipw`m-x {Xn-tIm-W-`-h-\m\n `h¥n kqcym-Xv. (tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: 1-˛14)

\c-cm-in-Iƒ, IoS-cm-inIƒ, Pe-cm-in-Iƒ, NXp-jv]m-ZcminIƒ

(c- p Imep-≈h, \mep Imep-≈h, Pe-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂-h....)

...Nm]m-Zy¿[h-[q\r-bp-Kv L-S-Xpem a¿Xym› IoSm f fn`w

 12

Xzm]ymx I¿°narKm-]-cm¿≤i^-cmx tijm-›-Xp-jv]m-Z-Imx.

Nm]mZy¿≤ ˛ [\p BZysØ ]IpXn (Acbv°p apIfn¬),

h[p ˛ I∂n,

\rbpKv ˛ anYp\w,

LS ˛ Ipw`w,

Xpem ˛ Xpemw,

a¿Xym ˛ (Ch) a-\p-jy cm-in-Iƒ,

IoS Afn`w ˛ hr›nIw IoS-cmin (Nne-hymJym\

ßfn¬ ao\hpw ImWp∂p),

Xzm]ym ˛ A∏v cmin-Iƒ (Pe-/Pem{ibcm-in-Iƒ),

I¿°n ˛ I¿°-SIw,

arKA]-cm¿≤ ˛ aIcw at‰ ]IpXn (A-cbv°p Xmsg),

i^cm ˛ ao\w,

tijm ˛ _m°n-bp-≈h,

NXp-jv]m-ZIm ˛ \mep Imep-≈h.

1. taSw ˛ \m¬--°men

2. CShw ˛ \m¬--°men

3. anYp\w ˛ a\pjycmin

4. I¿°SIw ˛ Pe-cm-in-

5. Nnßw ˛ \m¬--°men

6. I∂n ˛ a\pjycmin

7. Xpemw ˛ a\pjycmin

8. hr›nIw ˛ IoScmin

9. [\p ˛ 1. BZysØ ]IpXn a\pjycmin

2. c- masØ ]IpXn \m¬--°men

10. aIcw ˛ 1. BZysØ ]IpXn \m¬--°men

2. c- masØ ]IpXn Pecmin

11. Ipw`w ˛ a\pjycmin

12. ao\w ˛ Pecmin.

(8)

tKmI¿°yiz-P- \-{I-`m-\yY \rbp-Mv

ao-\u- ]tc cmib˛

kvtX ]rjvtTm-`-b-tIm-Zbmx kanYp\mx

]rjvtTmZ-bmss›μhmx

kucm-x tij-Krlmx {ItaW IYnXm

cm{XnZypkw⁄mx {Iam˛

Zq¿≤zm-[ -a-h-{I (1) `m\n Xp ]p\˛

kvXo-£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬.

(1) ]mTt`Zw : h{‡

]rjvtTm-Z-b ˛ D`-tbm-Z-b ˛ io¿tjm-Zbcmin-Iƒ

1. tKm ˛ CShw,

 13

I¿°n ˛ I¿°-SIw,

Aiz ˛ [\p,

AP ˛ taSw,

\{I`m\n ˛ aIcw F∂n-h A©pw,

2. \rbpMv ˛ anYp\w,

ao\u ˛ ao\w F∂n-h c- pw {Ia-Øn¬,

]rjvT ˛ ]rjvTwsIm- v DZn-°p-∂-hbpw,

D`-b-tIm-Zb ˛ c- p `mKw-sIm- pw DZn-°p-∂-hbpw,

BIp∂p.

3. tijn-®h (Nnßw, -I-∂n, Xpemw,

hr›n-Iw, Ipw`w Ch A©pw) ˛˛ io¿tjm-ZbcminIfpw BIp-∂p.

cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ

1. kan-Yp\m ˛ anYp-\hpw,

]rjvtTm-Z-bx N ˛ ]rjvtTm-Z-b-cm-in-Ifpw,

Cμhm ˛ -N{μ-s‚ Iogn-ep-≈-hbmIp-∂p.

kucm tij -Krlm ˛ tijn-®h kqcys‚ Iogn-ep-≈-hbpw,

ItaW ˛ {I-a-Øn¬

IYnXm -˛ ]d-b-∏s∏Sp∂p.

2. cm{Xn ˛ cm{Xn cmin-Iƒ F∂pw,

Zyp ˛ ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ F∂pw,

kw⁄m ˛ t]cp-Iƒ,

IamXv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]dbs∏Sp∂p

.

cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ cm{Xn _e-ap-≈-hbpw, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ ]I¬ _eap-≈-hbpw

BIp-∂p.

]´nI

1. taSw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin

2. CShw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin

3. anYp\w ˛ D`tbmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin

4. I¿°SIw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin

5. Nnßw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin

6. I∂n ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin

7. Xpemw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin

8. hr›nIw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin

9. [\p ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin

10 .aIcw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin

11. Ipw`w ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin

12 .ao\w ˛ D`tbmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin

 14

tlmcm-im-kv{X-w: 1-˛10

tKmPm-izn-I¿°n-an-Yp\mx karKm \nimJymx

]rjvtTm-Zbm hnan-Yp\mx IYn-XmkvX Gh

io¿tjm-Zbm Zn\-_em› `h¥n tijmx......

Du¿≤-˛-A-[-˛-k-a-cmin-Iƒ

...Du¿≤zm-[k-a-h-{I`m\n Xp ]p\kvXo-£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬.˛

Du¿≤z ˛ Du¿≤zcminIƒ,

A[ ˛ A[-a-cminIƒ,

k-a ˛ ka-cminIƒ,

h{I `m\n Xp ]p\x ˛ h{I-cminIƒ F∂n-ßs\,

Xo£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬ ˛ kqcy≥ hn´ cmin-ap-X¬°v

{Ia-Øn¬ IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

DZmlcWw kqcy≥ CShØn¬:

kqcy≥ apºp \n∂ cmin ˛ taSw ˛ Du¿≤z

Ct∏mƒ (P\\Øn¬ --)

\n¬°p∂ cmin ˛ CShw ˛ A[

AXn\SpØ cmin ˛ anYp\w ˛ ka

]n∂sØ cmin ˛ I¿°SIw ˛ h{I

kq-cy≥ ]n∂n´ cmin-ap-X¬ ]{¥- p cmin-I-sfbpw Cßs\ IW-°m-°Ww

F∂mWv Cu X¿÷abv°Snÿm\amb, tZh\mKcn en]nbnep≈, ]Xn∏pIfn¬

ImWp∂Xv. F∂m¬ sIm√w ]Xn∏n¬ Du¿≤zm[ a h{‡`m\n Xp ]p\ kvXo

£vWmwipap‡m¬ {Klm¬ F∂p aqehpw kqcy≥ hn´ cmin apX¬ \mep cmin

Du¿≤zapJ cminbpw AXn\SpØ \mep cminIƒ XncyMvapJcminbpamWv F∂

A¿∞hpw sImSp Øncn°p∂p. A[w, kaw, h{‡w F∂nhsb °pdn®vv H∂pw

]dbp∂n√. kqcy≥ hn´ cminapX¬ {IaØn¬ Du¿≤z apJw, At[mapJw, XncyMv

apJw F∂nßs\bpw ]d™p hcp∂p F∂mWv sNdph≈nbpsS hymJym\w.

aplq¿Ø˛{]iv\{KŸßfn¬ cminIsf Du¿≤zapJcmin, At[mapJcmin, XncyMvapJ

cmin F∂p aq∂mbn Xcw Xncn°p∂p- v. AXn¬ kqcy≥ ]n∂n´ cmin Du¿≤zapJhpw

Ct∏mƒ \n¬°p∂ cmin At[mapJhpw AXn\SpØ cmin XncyMvapJhpamWv.

h{Iw/h{‡w Fs∂m∂v AXnen√. Hmebn¬ tZh\mKcnen]nbn¬ ]I¿Øn FgpXp

tºmƒ h{‡w h{IambXmsW∂pw hcmw. AsX¥mbmepw, Zn√n ]Xn∏pIfn¬ AXp

h{IwXs∂bmWv.

(9)

tajm-Zml Ncw ÿncm-Jy-ap-`bw Zzmcw _ln¿K¿``w

[mXp¿aq-e-an-Xol Poh-ap-ZnXw {Iqcw N kuayw hnZpx

tajmZymx IYn-Xm-kv{Xn-tIm-Wk-lnXmx {]mKmZn\mYmx {Iam˛

tZmP¿£w ka`w ]pamw› bph-Xn¿hmamMvKakvXm-Zn-Iw.

Nc-˛ÿn-c˛-D-`-b-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh

 15

Ncw ÿncw D`bw

Zzmcw _ln K¿`w

[mXp aqew Poh≥

taSw CShw anYp\w

I¿°-SIw Nnßw I∂n

Xpemw hr›nIw [\p

aIcw Ipw`w ao\w

]pcp-j-cminIƒ, kv{Xo-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh (....HmP¿£w ka`w ]pamw› bph-Xn¿hmamwKakvXm-Zn-Iw.)

{Iqcw kuayw

HmPw bp‹w

]pcp-j≥ kv{Xo taSw CShw

anYp\w I¿°-SIw

Nnßw I∂n

Xpemw hr›nIw

[\p aIcw

Ipw`w ao\w

tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: -1-˛11

{Iqc-x kuayx ]pcp-j-h-\ntX tX Ncm-K-Zzn-tZlmx

cminIƒ°v Zn°p-I-fpsS B[n]Xyw tajmZym ˛ taSw apX¬°v,

{XntIm-W klnXm- ˛ {XntIm-W-߃ (5,9) AS°w,

{]mKm-Zn-\mYm ˛ Ing°p XpS-ßnb Zn°pI-fpsS(BIp∂p).

\mY-∑m¿

Ing°v sX°v ]Sn-™mdv hS°v taSw CShw anYp\w I¿°-SIw

Nnßw I∂n Xpemw hr›nIw

[\p aIcw Ipw`w ao\w

tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: 1-˛11

{]mKm-Zoimx {Inb-hr-j-\r-bp-°¿°Smx k{XntImWmx

hmamw-K- Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ

hmamw-K-cm-in-Iƒ Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ

(CSXv) (heXv)

(1) cminN{IØn¬

Xpemw ap-X¬ ao\w hsc taSw apX¬ I∂n hsc

 16

(2) PmXIØn¬

7˛12 `mh߃ 1 ˛ 6 `mh߃

2. `mh-ß-fpsS t]cp-Ifpw Imc-I-Xz-ßfpw

(10)

e·w tlmcm Iey tZtlm-Z-bmJyw

cq]w io¿jw h¿Ø-am\w N P∑

hnØw hnZym kzm∂-]m-\m\n `p‡nw

Zm£m£ymkyw ]{XnIm hmIv IpSpw_w.

H∂mw `mhw

1. e·w

2. tlmcm

3. Ieyw ˛ kpJw, BtcmKyw

4. tZlw

5. DZ-bw ˛ DZbcmin

6. cq]w

7. io¿jw ˛inc v

8. h¿Øam\w˛˛ h¿Øam\Imew

9. P∑-w.

c- mw `mhw

1. hnØw

2. hnZy

3. kz ˛ kzØv

4. A∂-]m-\w

5. `p‡n

6. Z£A£n ˛ heXpIÆv

7. Bkyw ˛ apJw

8. ]{Xn-I

9. hmIv

10. IpSpw_w

(11)

Zp›n¬tImtcm Z£-I¿Æmw› tk\mw

ss[cyw iucyw hn{Iaw {`mXcw N

tKlw t£{Xw amXpew `mKn-t\bw

_‘pw an{Xw hml\w amXcw N.

aq∂mw `mhw 1. Zp›n¬--Iw

2. Dcx ˛ Dc v (amdnSw)

 17

3. Z£I¿Æ ˛ heXp sN-hn

4. tk\ -˛ ssk\yw

5. ss[cyw

6. iucyw

7. hn{I-aw

8. {`mXcw ˛ ktlm-Z-c≥ .

\memw `mhw 1. tKlw ˛ hoSv

2. t£{Xw ˛ `qan

3. amXpew ˛ AΩm-h≥

4. `mKn-t\bw ˛ acp-a-I≥

5. _‘p

6. an{Xw

7. hml\w

8. amXcw ˛ amXmhv

(12)

cmPyw tKm alnj kpK‘ hkv{X `qjmx

]mXmfw ln_pI kpJmw_p tkXp \Zyx

cmPm¶w kNn-h-I-cm-fl[o `hn-jyXv˛

⁄m\m-kq≥ kpX-P-Tc {ipXnkvarXn›.

\memw `mhw (Xp-S¿®) 9. cmPyw

10. tKm ˛ ]ip

11. alnjw ˛ Fcp-a

12. kpK‘w

13. hkv{Xw

14. `qjmx ˛ B`-c-W-߃

15. ]mXmfw

16. ln_pIw

17. kpJw

18. Aw_p ˛ Pew

17. tkXp ˛ AW-s°-´v

19. \Zyx ˛ \ZnIƒ

A©mw `mhw 1. cmPm¶w - ˛ cmPNn-”w

2. kNn-h-I-¿ ˛ a{¥nam¿

3. Bfl ˛ Bflmhv

4. [o - ˛ _p≤n

5. `hn-jyXv ˛ `mhn

6. ⁄m\w, (`hn-jy⁄m\w --F∂pw ImWp∂p).

- 7. kpX ˛ a°ƒ

 18

-8. P-Tcw ˛ DZcw

9. {ipXn ˛ {ippXnIƒ (thZ-߃).

10. kvarXn ˛ kvarXnIƒ (a\pkvarXn apXembh).

(13)

EWmkv{X-tNm-c-£-X-tcm-K-i-{Xq≥

⁄mXymPn ZpjvIr-Xy-L-`oXy-h⁄mx

Pman{X NntØm∞ aZm-kvX-Im-am≥

Zyp\m-≤z-tem-Im≥ ]Xn-am¿§-`mcym.

Bdmw `mhw 1. EWw ˛ IS-w

2. Akv{Xw ˛ Bbp-[w -

3. tNm-c ˛ I≈≥

4. £-Xw ˛ apdn-hv

5. tcm-Kw -

6. i-{Xp

7. ⁄mXn ˛ _‘p°ƒ

8. APn ˛ bp≤w

9. ZpjvIr-Xn ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω-߃

10. A-Lw -˛ ]m]w

11. `oXn ˛ `bw

12. Ah⁄m ˛ Ah-⁄

Ggmw `mhw 1. Pman{Xw

2. NntØm∞w ˛ hnIm-cw

3. aZ ˛ aZw

4. A-kvX ˛- AkvX-a-\w

5 Imaw

6. Zyp\w

7. A≤z- ˛ \SØw

8. tem-Im ˛ P\w

9. ]Xn ˛ - ¿Øm-hv

10. am¿§w ˛ hgn

11. `mcy

(14)

awKeyc{‘aen-\m[n]cm-`-hmbpx

t¢im-]-hm-Z-a-c-Wm-ipNnhnLv\-Zmkm≥

BNmcyssZhX]nXr≥ ip`]q¿h`mKy

]qPm X-]- p-IrX]u{X P]mcyhwim≥.

F´mw `mhw

 19

1. awKeyw ˛ Xmen, `¿Øm-hns‚ Bbp v

2. c{‘ ˛ Zu¿_-eyw

3. aen\ ˛ Agp°v

4. B[n ˛ ZpxJw

5. ]cm-`hw ˛ A-ham-\w

6. Bbpx ˛ Bbp- v

7. t¢i ˛ A]hmZ,

8. ac-W

9. AipNn ˛ ]pe

10. hnLv\ ˛ XS- -߃

11. Zmk ˛ th-e-°m-c≥

HºXmw `mhw 1. BNmcy - ˛ Kp-cp

2. ssZhX -˛ tZ-h-X

3. ]nXr ˛ A—≥

4. ip`w

5. ]q¿h`mKy ˛ ap-÷-∑-kp-Ir-Xw

6. ]qP

7. X]- v,

8. kpIr-Xw

9. ]u{X≥

10. P]w

11. Bcyhwiw ˛ D-XvIr-jvS- IpeØn¬ P\\w

(15)

hym]m-cm-kv]-Z-am-\I¿aPbkXvIo¿Ønw {IXpw Poh\w

thymam-Nmc KpW-{]-hrØn Ka-\m-\ym-⁄mw› tajq-cWw

em`m-bm-K-a-\m]vXnkn≤n hn`-hm≥ {]m]vXnw `hw «mLyXmw

tPyjvT-{`m-X-c-a-\y-I¿Ækc-km≥ kt¥m-j-am-I¿Æ-\w.

]Ømw `mhw 1. hym]m-cw ˛ I®hSw

2. Bkv]Zw ˛ ASnÿm-\w

3. am\w ˛ A`n-am-\w

4. I¿aw ˛ {]h¿Øn, sXmgn¬

5. Pbw ˛ hnPbw

6. kXvIo¿Øn ˛ k¬t]-cv

7. {IXp ˛ bmKmZn I¿a-߃

8. Poh\w ˛ Po-hn-X-am¿§w

9. thymaw ˛ BImiw

10 BNm-cw

11. KpW{]hrØn kXvI¿Ω߃ 12. Ka\ ˛ t]m°v (\S-Øw)

 20

13. B⁄m ˛ B-⁄m-i-‡n 14.tajqcWw. ]Xns\m∂mw `mhw 1. em`w ˛ em`w

2. B-bw ˛ h-c-hv

3. BK-a-\w ˛ hchv

4. B]vXn ˛ e-_v[n

5. kn≤n ˛ In´¬

--6. hn`-hw (kn≤nhn`-hm≥ F∂pw)

7. {]m]vXn

8. `hw

9. «mLyX ˛ Io¿Øn

10. tPyjvT-{`m-X-cw˛ tPyjvT-k-tlm-Z-c≥

11. A\y-I¿Æw ˛ CSXp sNhn

12. kc-kw ˛ kmc-kyw

13. kt¥mjw

14. BI¿Æ-\w ˛ tIƒ°¬.

(16)

ZpxJmw{Ln hma-\-b\£bkqN-Im-¥y˛

Zmcn{Zy]m]ib\hybcnx^ _‘m≥

`mhm-lzbm \nK-ZnXmx {Ia-tim f Y eo\˛

ÿm\w {Xn jUv hyb ]cm-`h cmin-\m-a.

]{¥- mw `mhw 1. ZpxJw ˛ ZpJw

2. Aw{Ln ˛ Imep-Iƒ

3. hma-\-b\w ˛ CSXp IÆv

4. £bw ˛ \miw

5. kqNIw ˛ kqNI≥

6. A¥yw ˛ Ahkm\w, Ah-km\`mhw

7. Zmcn{Zyw

8. ]m]w

9. ib\w

10. hybw

11. cn^w,

12. _‘\w.

eo\-ÿm-\-߃ {Xn ˛ aq∂v,

jUv ˛ Bdv,

hyb ˛ ]{¥- v,

]cm`h ˛ F´v

 21

(17)

Zpxÿm-\-a-jvS-a-cn]phyb`mh-amlpx

kpÿm\a\y`h\w ip`Zw {]ZnjvSw

{]mlp¿hn-e·Zik]vXNXp¿∞-`m\n

tI{μm ln I- INXp-jvSb\ma-bp‡w.

Zpÿm-\-߃

AjvSaw ˛ F´mw `mhw,

cn]p ˛ Bdmw `mhw,

hybw ˛ ]{¥- mw `mhw.

kpÿm\߃

kpÿm-\-w A\y-`-h\w ˛ a‰p `mh߃ (6˛8˛12 Hgn®p≈h) kpÿm\ßfmWv.

ip-`Zw {]ZnjvSw ˛ Ahsb√mw ip`IchpamWv

CXv kmμ¿`nIamb Hcp {]kvXmh\ am{XamWv. 3˛6˛11, 2˛7 F∂nh bpw ip`Ica√.

IrXyambn ]dbpIbmsW¶n¬ 1˛5˛9 `mh߃, AXmbXv {XntImW߃, am{XamWv

XnI®pw ip`Icambn´p≈h. ChbpsS ip`Xzhpw Bt]£nIamWv. `mh_eaps-

¶nte kpÿm\߃IqSn ip`ZamIq.

tI{μ-߃

hne· ˛ e·w (H∂mw `mhw),

Zi ˛ ]Ømw `mhw,

k]vX ˛ Ggmw `mhw,

NXp¿∞ ˛ \memw `mhw F∂nh,

tI{μmx ˛ tI{μ`mhßfmWv.

I- INXp-jvSb\ma-bp‡w ˛ I- Iw, NXpjvSbw F∂nh

tI{μØns‚ ]cymbßfmWv.

(18)

]W-]-c-anXn tI{μm-Zq¿≤z-am-t]m-¢naw XXv

]c-aY NXp-c{iw ss\[\w _‘p-`w N

AY kap-]-N-bm\n thyma-iu-cymcnem`w

\hakpX`bp‹w kym{ØntImWw {]ikvXw.

]W-]-c-w apXembh

]W-]-c-w CXn tI{μm-Xv Du¿≤zw ˛ tI{μ߃°v sXm´p≈h ]W]cßfmWv.

Bt]m-¢naw XXv ]cw - ˛ AXn\psXm´p≈h Bt]m-¢naßfpw.

NXp-c{iw ss\[\w _‘p-`w N ˛ F´pw \mepw NXpc{ißfmWv.

 22

kap-]-N-bm\n thyma-iu-cymcn em`w˛ 10˛3˛6˛11 F∂nh D]Nbßfpw,

\ha kpX` bp‹w kymXv {Xn-tImWw {]ikvXw

˛ HºXv, A©v F∂nh c- pw (ip`Icsa∂p) {]kn≤amb {XntImWßfpamWv.

tI{μ-w 1 4 7 10

]W-]cw 2 5 8 11

Bt]m-¢naw 3 6 9 12

NXp-c{iw 8 4 . .

D]-Nbw 10 3 6 11

{XntImWw 9 5 . .

eo\ÿm\߃ \yq\ (tZmj) kz`mhap≈hbpw D]Nbÿm\߃ A`nhr≤n

\¬Ip∂hbpw {XntImW߃ ip`Ichpw BIp∂p. tI{μ߃ s]mXpsh _eZmbI

ßfmsW¶nepw B[n]Xyhpw ÿnXnbpw A\pcn®v ip`{Klßsfbpw ]m]{Klß

sfbpw hyXykvXambn _m[n°p∂p.

23 

A≤ymbw 2

{Klt`Zm≤ymbw

hnjbhnhcw t«mIw

1˛7 {KlßfpsS ImcIXz߃

8˛14 {KlßfpsS cq]hpw kz`mhhpw

15˛16 hmkÿm\w, Zn°pIfpsS B[n]Xyw

17˛20 a‰p Imc-I-Xz-߃ (sXmgn¬,]£n, arKw apX-em-bh)

21, 22. i{Xp-an-{XXzw: ss\k¿§nIw,

23 i{Xp-an-{XXzw: Xm¬°menIw,

ss\k¿§nIw + Xm¬°menIw.

{Kl-ZrjvSn (ho-£Ww)

24. Imew, h¿Æw, KpWw, EXp

25. _‘p, t\{XImcIXzw

26. tZlw˛tZln, K‘˛ck˛cq]˛i_vZ˛kv]¿iImcIXzw

27. ip`∑-mcpw ]m]∑-mcpw

]p-cpj{Kl-ßfpw kv{Xo{Klßfpw

{Kl-ß-fpsS tZhXIƒ, ]©`qXw

28. [m\yw, tZiw

29. cXv\w

30. temlw, hkv{Xw

31 ck-w

32. ASbmfw, {]mbw

33. cmlpkzcq]w

34. tIXp-kz-cq]w

35. cmlptIXp°fpsS ]m{Xw, hkv{Xw, an{Xßfpw i{Xp°fpw

36 ÿnXnsIm- v A\pIqehpw {]XnIqehpamb {Kl߃

37 hr£mZn ImcIXzw

Ime-]p-cp-j\pw {Kl-ßfpw XΩnep≈ _‘w cmin-N-{IsØ Ime-]p-cp-js‚ ico-c-ambn tlmcm-im-kv{X-Øn¬ D]-an-®Xv, PmX-I-

]p-cp-js‚ ico-c-`m-K-ß-fmbn ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn¬ Ign™ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn°pI

bp- mbn. F∂m¬, tlmcm-imkv{X-Øn¬ B Ime-i-co-c-Øn¬ kqcy≥ apX¬°p≈

Ggp {Kl-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-w hnh-cn-°p-∂ t«mI-Øn\p kam-¥-c-ambn, PmX-I-]p-cp-js‚

 24

Bflmhv, a\ v XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃ ]d-bp∂ Hcp t«mIw ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn-en√ AXn-\p-

Im-c-Ww, tlmcm-imkv{Xw Imc-I-Xz-߃ ]d-bp-∂Xv hnj-b-{Ia--Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ ^e-Zo-

]nI AXp ]d-bp-∂Xv {Kl{Ia-Øn-em-Wv. AXp-sIm-- v, {][m\yw IW-°n-se-SpØv,

tlmc-bnse B t«mIw (tlmcm-ikv{Xw: 2-˛1) ChnsS D≤-cn-°-bm-Wv:

Imemflm Zn\-Ir-∑-\-kvXp-ln-\Kpx kXzw IptPm t⁄m htNm

Pothm ⁄m\-kptJ knX› aZt\m ZpJw Znt\-im-flPx......

1. Imemflm - Zn\-IrXv ˛ kqcy≥ Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Bflmhpw

2. a\x Xpln-\Kp ˛ N{μ≥ a\ pw

3. kXzw IpPx ˛ IpP≥ a\-ssÿ-cyhpw

4. ⁄ hN ˛ _p[≥ hm°pw

5. Poh ⁄m\-kptJ ˛ hymgw ⁄m\hpw kpJhpw,

6. knX› aZ\x ˛ ip{I≥ ⁄m\kpJßfpw

IqSmsX Imahpw

7. ZpJw Znt\-im-flPx ˛ i\n ZpJhpw BIp∂p.

knXx N aZ\x.... ChnsS hfsc A¿∞-h-Ømb Hcp N sIm- v ⁄m\-kp-J-߃

ip{I\pw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ⁄m\-kp-J-ß-fpsS hyXymkw a\- n-em-°m≥ Kpcphpw

ip{I\pw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw Adn™m¬ aXn. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, ]ØmasØ t«m-I-

Øn¬ _rl-kv]Xn t{ijvT-aXn F∂pw `rKp kpJo F∂pw Ch-cpsS kz`mhw ]d-

bp∂p- v. AXm-bXv t{ijvTa-Xn-bmb Kpcp- kqNn-∏n°p∂Xv ip≤amb ⁄m\hpw

kpJn-bmb ip{I≥ kqNn-∏n°p∂Xp euInI ⁄m\hp ambncn°pw.

kpJØns‚ ImcyØnepw Cu hyXmkw ImWmw. i\nsbmgn®v a‰v Bdp

{Klßsfs°m- pw kpJw ]dbp∂p- v. AhnsSbpw {KlßfpsS kz`mhw t\m°n

thWw kpJsØ hnebncpØm≥. DZmlcWØn\v ip{I≥ kv{Xo, hml\w, hoSv F∂o

kpJ߃ kqNn∏n°ptºmƒ Cu hIp∏n¬ kqcy≥ A—\n¬\n∂pap≈ kpJhpw

N{μ≥ AΩbn¬\n∂pap≈ kpJhpw hymgw a°fn¬\n∂pap≈ kpJhpw a‰pamWv

{][m\ambpw kqNn∏n°pI.

{KlßfpsS ImcIXz߃ (PmXIØnepw a‰pw {Klßsfs°m- p Nn¥nt°- hnjb߃)

(1)

Xm{aw kz¿Æw ]nXrip`-^ew Nmfl-kuJyw {]Xm]w

ss[cyw iucyw kan-Xn-hn-Pbw cmP-tkhm {]Imiw

ssihw Imcyw h\-Kn-cn-KXnw tlma-Im-cy-{]-hrØnw

tZh-ÿm\w IY-bXp _p[--kvssX-£vWy-ap-’m-l-a¿°m¬

kqcy≥

Xm{aw ˛ sNºv.,

kz¿Æw.,

]nXr ˛ A-—≥,

ip - ew -(]nXrip`^ew F∂pw).

 25

Bfl ˛ Bflmhv, Xm≥.

kuJyw ˛ kpJw (BflkuJyw F∂pw).

{]Xm]w.

ss[cyw.

iucyw.

kan-Xn- hn-Pbw ˛ bp-≤-Øn¬ Pbw.

cmP-tkh ˛ cmPmhns\ tkhn°¬ --

(kcv°m¿ tPmenbpw CXn¬ s]Sp∂p)

{]Imiw.

ssihw Imcyw ˛ inhs\ kw_‘n®Imcy߃ .

h\Kn-cn KXnw ˛ Im´neqsSbpw ta´neqsSbpap≈ bm{X,

tlma-Im-cy-{]-hrØnw ˛ tlm-ahpambn _‘s∏´ Imcy-߃,

tZh-ÿm\w ˛ t£{X-ßfpw a‰pw,

ssX-£vWyw ˛ Xo£vWX,

D’m-lw.

IY-bXp _p[ A¿°mXv ˛ (C{]-Imcw) _p[∑-m¿ (]WvUn-X-∑m¿),

kqcy-s\-s°m- v (AYhm kq-cys‚ Imc-

I-Xz-߃) ]d-bp∂p.

(2)

amXr kzkvXn a\x-{]-km-Z-ap-Z-[n-kv\m\w knXw Nmacw

O{Xw kphy-P\w ^em-\n -ar-Zpew ]pjv]mWn kkyw Irjnw

Io¿Ønw au‡n-I-Imw-ky-cu-]y-a-[p-c-£ocmZnhkv{Xmw_p tKm

tbmjm]vXnw kpJ-t`m-P\w X\p-kpJw cq]w htZ-®-{μ-Xx

N{μ≥

amXr ˛ amXmhv,

kzkvXn ˛ kpJw,

(am-Xpx -kzkvXn -- ˛ amXmhns‚ kuJyw F∂pw)

a\-{]-km-Zw ˛ a\- pJw,

DZ-[n-kv\m\w ˛ Xo¿∞kv\m\w,

knXw Nmacw ˛ sh©m-a-cw,

O{Xw ˛ IpS,

kphy-P\w ˛ hnidn (Be-h-´w),

^em-\n- ar-Zpew ˛ am¿±-h-ap≈ ]g-߃,

]pjv]mWn ˛ ]pjv]-߃,

kkyw,

Irjn

Io¿Øn ˛ {]ikvXn,

au‡nIw ˛ apØv,

Imwkyw ˛ sh¶ew (Iq´p-tem-lw),

cu]yw ˛ sh≈n, a[p-cw,

£ocmZn ˛ ]m¬ XpS-ßn-bh,

hkv{Xw

Aw_p ˛ Pew,

tKm ˛ ]ip,

 26

tbmjm ˛ kv{Xo,

B]vXn ˛ e-_v[n (kv{Xoe_v[n)

kpJ-t`m-P\w ˛ £-WkpJw,

X\p-kpJw ˛ ico-c-kp-Jw,

cq]w ˛ BIrXn (cq]`wKn) (F∂nh)

htZXv N{μXx ˛ N{μ-s\-s°m- p ]d-bWw.

(3)

kXzw `q^-enXw ktlm-Z-c-KpWw {Iucyw cWw kmlkw

hntZzjw N alm-\-km·n I\I⁄mXykv{XtNmcm≥ cn]q≥

D’mlw ]c-Im-a-\o-cXnaktXym‡nw alo-Pm-ZztZ˛

Zzocyw NnØ-k-ap-∂Xnw N Iepjw tk\m-[n-]Xyw £Xw.

IpP≥

kXzw ˛ Dƒ°cp-Øv,

`q^-enXw -˛ ^e`qbnjvTamb `qan,

ktlm-Z-c-KpWw

{Iucyw

cWw ˛ bp≤w,

kml-kw

hntZz-jw

alm-\-kw ˛ ASp-°-f,

A·n,

I\Iw ˛ kz¿Æw

⁄mXn ˛ _‘p-°ƒ,

Akv{Xw ˛ Bbp-[-߃,

tNmcm≥ ˛ I≈-∑m¿,

cn]q≥ ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ,

D’mlw,

]c-Im-a-\o-cXn ˛ ]ckv{XokpJw,

AktXym‡n ˛ \pW]d-b¬,

hocyw ˛ _ew,

NnØ-k-ap-∂Xn ˛ am\kntIm∂a\w

Iepjw ˛ ]m]w,

tk\m-[n-]Xyw,

£Xw ˛ apdn-hv. (F∂nh)

alo-Pm-Xv htZXv ˛ IpPs\s°m- p ]dbWw.

(4)

]mWvUnXyw kphNx Iem-\n-]p-WXmw hnZz¬kvXpXnw amXpew

hmIvNm-Xp-cy-ap-]m-k-\m-Zn-]-SpXm hnZymkpbp‡nw aXnw (1)

b⁄w sshjvW-h-I¿a-k-Xy-h-N\w ip‡nw hn-lm-c-ÿew

inev]w _m‘hbuh-cmPykplr-Z-kvXZv`m-Kn-t\bw _p[m¬.

 27

_p[≥

]mWvUn-Xyw,

kphNx ˛ \√ hm‹n,

Iem-\n-]p-WX ˛ Ie-I-fn¬ sshZ-Kv≤yw,

hnZz¬ kvXpXn ˛ hnZz-∑m-cpsS {]iwk,

amXpe≥ ˛ AΩm-h≥,

hmIvNm-Xp-cyw- ˛ kw`m-j-W-Nm-Xpcyw (hm‹nXzw),

D-]m-k-\m-Zn -]-SpXm ˛ D]m-k-\m-Zn-I-fn¬ ]mS-hw,

hnZy

bp‡n,

aXn ˛ _p≤n,

b⁄w ˛ bmKw,

sshjvW-h-I¿Ωw ˛ hnjvWphn\p≈ Bcm-[\m-]-c-amb

Imcy-߃,

k-Xy-h-N\w ˛ kXyw ]db¬,

ip‡n ˛ apØp Nn∏n,

hn-lm-c-ÿew ˛ Ifn-ÿ-ew,

in¬∏w ˛ sImØp-th-e-Iƒ,

_m‘h ˛ _‘p-°ƒ,

buh-cmPy ˛ bph-cm-Pm-hv,

kplr-Z- ˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ,

`m-Kn-t\bw ˛ acp-a-°ƒ,

_p[mXv ˛ (Ch) _p-[-s\-s°m- v (]-d-bp∂p).

(1) hnZymkpbp‡nw aXnw F∂Xp \mep ]pkvXIßfn¬ \mep XcØnemWp

hymJym\n®ncn°p∂Xv.

(1) hnZybpw bp‡nbpw

(2) hnZymhnjbw Xncs™Sp°p∂Xnse bp‡n

(3) hnZym-`ym-khpw bp‡n-Nn-¥bpw

(4) hnZybnse bp‡n

CØcw kμ¿`ßfn¬ icn Is- Øm≥ bp‡n D]tbmKn°pItb \nhrØnbp≈p.

(5)

⁄m\w kZvKp-W-am-flPw N kNnhw kzmNm-c-am-Nm-cyIw

amlmflyw {ipXn-imkv{X[o kvarXn-aXnw k¿thm-∂Xnw kZvKXnw

tZh-{_m-“-W-`-‡n-a-≤z-c-X]x {i≤m› tImi-ÿew

sshZpjyw hnPn-tX-{μnbw [h-kpJw kΩm-\-ao-Uym±-bmw.

hymgw ⁄m\w,

kZvKp-Ww,

B-flPw ˛ a°ƒ

kNnhw ˛ a{¥n-am¿,

kzmNm-cw- ˛ kz-I¿Ωw, (kXvI¿Ωw F∂pw),

BNm-cyIw ˛ BNmcy-∑m¿ (Kpcp\mY∑-m¿),

 28

amlm-flyw,

{ipXn ˛ thZ-߃,

imkv{X ˛ imkv{X-߃,

[o ˛ _p≤n,

kvarXn ˛ Hm¿Ω, (a\pkvarXn XpS-ßn-bhbpw),

aXn ˛ _p≤n

k¿thm-∂Xn ˛ F√m-XcØn-ep-ap≈ Db¿®,

kZvK-Xn - ˛ ta¬§-Xn (tam£w),

tZh-{_m-“-W-`-‡n ˛ tZh-∑mcnepw(ssZhßfnepw){_m“Wcn-epw

(Bfl⁄m\nIfnepw) D≈

-`-‡n/_lpam\w

A≤z-c ˛ bmKmZn I¿Ω-߃,

X]x ˛ X]- v,

{i≤m ˛ BkvXnIyw, (BflnbX),

tImi-ÿew ˛ JP-\m-hv,

sshZpjyw ˛ ]mWvUnXyw,

hnPn-tX-{μnbw ˛ C{μnb-kwb-a\w,

[h-kpJw ˛ Zmº-Xy-kp-Jw,

kΩm\w ˛ Aw-Ko-Im-cw, _lpaXn

Zb,

CuUymXv ˛ (Ch) hymg-sØ-s°m- v (Nn¥n-°-Ww.)

(6)

kº-Zzm-l\hkv{X`qjW\n[n{ZhymWn Xucy-{XnIw

`mcymku-Jykp-K‘]pjv]aZ-\-hym-]m-c-i-øm-e-bm≥

{ioaXzw Ihn-Xm-kpJw _lp-h-[qkwKw hnemkw aZw

kmNnhyw kc-tkm-‡n-aml `rKp-Pm-Zp-Zzm-l-I¿tam-’-hw.

ip{I≥

kºXv ˛ kº-Øv, ([\w, -sFizcyw),

hml\w,

hkv{Xw,

`qjW ˛ B`-c-W-߃,

\n[n,

{ZhymWn ˛ {Zhy߃ (PwKakzØp°ƒ, \mWbw,

]Ww apXembh)

Xucy{XnIw ˛ Km\w, \rØw, hmZyw Ch aq∂pw

`mcy,

kuJyw ˛ kpJw (`mcymkuJyw F∂pw),

kpK‘ ˛ kpK‘{Zhy߃

10. ]pjv] ˛ ]q°ƒ -(kpK‘]pjv]w),

aZ-\-hym-]m-cw ˛ Ima-eoe-Iƒ,

i-ø ˛ InSbv-°.

B-e-bw ˛ hoSv (iømebw F∂pw),

 29

{ioaXzw ˛ sFizcyw.

Ihn-Xm-kpJw ˛ Imhy-c-N\sImt- m ImhymkzmZ\w

sImt- m e`n°p∂ B\μw,

_lp-h-[qkwKw ˛ ]e kv{XoI-fp-ambn _‘w

hnemkw ˛ D√mkw,

aZw,

kmNnhyw ˛ a{¥n-ÿm-\w,

kc-tkm-‡n ˛ \¿Ω-`m-j-Ww, ,

D-Zzm-l-I¿Ωw ˛ hnhm-l-w, D’-h-w,

`rKp-Pm-Xv ˛ ip{I-s\-s°m-- v (Nn¥n°Ww).

(7)

Bbpjyw acWw `bw ]Xn-XXmw ZpJm-h-am-\m-a-bm≥

Zmcn{Zyw `rX-Im-]-hm-Z-I-ep-jm\ym-iu-N \n-μm-]Zx

ssÿcyw \oN-P-\m-{ibw N alnjw X{μoarWw Nmbkw

ZmkXzw Irjn-km-[\w chn-kp-Xm¬ Imcm-Krlw _‘-\w.

i\n Bbpjyw- ˛ Bbp- v,

ac-Ww,

`bw,

]Xn-XX ˛ ]XnXzw (PmXn{`jvSv),

ZpxJw, Ah-am-\w,

Ba-bm≥ ˛ tcmK-߃,

Zmcn{Zyw,

`rX-I ˛ `rXy≥,

A]-hm-Zw ˛ NoØ∏cv,

I-ep-jm\n ˛ ]m]-I¿Ω-߃,

Biu-Nw ˛ Aip-≤w (]pe, hmembva )

\nμ,

B]Z ˛ B]-Øv,

ssÿcyw ˛ ÿnc-X,

\oN-P-\m-{ibw ˛ Zp¿÷\sØ --B{ibnt°- n hcnI

alnjw ˛ t]mØv,

X{μo ˛ ab°w, Bekyw

EWw ˛ ISw,-

Bbkw ˛ Ccp-ºv.

ZmkXzw ˛ `rXyXzw,

Irjn-km-[\w ˛ Im¿jntIm]IcW߃,

Imcm-Krlw ˛ XShd,

_‘-\w ˛ XShv.

chn-kp-Xm¬ ˛ i\n-sbs°m-- v (Nn¥n-t°-- h).

 30

{KlßfpsS cq]hpw kz`mhhpw (8)

]nØmÿnkmtcm-¬]-I-N› c‡˛

iymam-IrXnx kym∑-[p-]nw-K-fm£x

Iukpw-`-hm-km-›-Xp-c-{i-tZlx

iqcx {]NWvUx ]rYp-_m-lp-c¿°x.

kqcy≥ A¿°x ˛ kqcy-≥:

]nØ - ˛ ]nØ-{]-Ir-Xn,

Aÿnkmtcm ˛ F√p-d-∏v,

A¬∏-IN ˛ apSn Ipd-hv,

c‡iymam-IrXn ˛ Idp-∏pwNpI∏pw tN¿∂ \ndØnep≈ cq]w,

a[p-]nw-K-fm£ ˛ tX≥ \nd-ap≈ IÆp-Iƒ,

Iukpw-`-hm-k ˛ NpI∂ hkv{X-߃,

NXp-c{i tZlw ˛ c- p ssI \ofhpw amdns‚ hoXnbpw

tN¿∂ Dbcw,

iqc≥,

{]N-WvU ˛ AXn-i-‡≥, D{KtIm]n.

]rYp-_m-lp ˛ XSn® ssIIƒ.

(9)

ÿqtem bphm N ÿhncx Iri-x knXx

Imt¥-£-Wm-›m-kn-X-kq-£va-aq-¿-≤Px

css‡-I-kmtcm arZp-hmIv knXmw-iptIm

Kucx iio hmX-I-^m-fltIm arZpx.

Nμ≥

iin ˛ N{μ≥

ÿqtem bphm N ÿhncx Iri-x XSn-®Xpw buh-\-bp-‡-hpw, NS-®Xpw

{]mb-am-bXpw Bb c- -h-ÿ-Iƒ,

Imt¥-£-W ˛ hiy-amb IÆp-Iƒ,

A-kn-X-kq-£va-aq-¿-≤P ˛ IdpØv t\¿Ø XeapSn,

css‡-I-kmtcm ˛ tNmcØpSn-∏p≈,

arZp-hmIv ˛ kuay-amb kw`mj-Ww,

knXmw-iptIm ˛ shfpØ hkv{Xw,

knX/Kuc ˛ shfpØ

hmX-I-^m-fltIm ˛ hmXhpw I^hpw tN¿∂ {]Ir-Xn,

arZp ˛ kuay≥.-

 31

(10)

at≤y Irix Ip©n-X-Zo-]vX-tIix

{Iqtc-£Wx ss]ØnI D{K-_p≤nx

c‡mw-_tcm c‡-X-\p¿a-loPx

NWvtUm f Xyp-Zm-c-kvX-cp-tWm f - Xn-a-÷x.

IpP≥, aloP ˛ IpP≥,

at≤y Iri ˛ HXp-ßnb Ac-s°-´v,

Ip©n-X- Zo-]vX -tIi ˛ Npcp- , Xnf-ßp∂ apSn,

{Iqtc-£W ˛ cq£-amb t\m´w.

ss]ØnI ˛ ]nØ{]IrXn,

D{K-_p≤n ˛ Xo£vW_p≤n,

c‡mw-_tcm ˛ NpI∂ hkv{X-w,

c‡X-\p ˛ NpI∂ tZlw,

NWvUm ˛ tIm]-im-en.,

AXyp-Zm-c ˛ hfsc DZm-c-a-\-kvI≥,

X-cp-tWm- ˛ bphmhv.

AXn-a-÷x ˛ A[nIw a÷. (IcpØp‰ icocw).

(11)

Zp¿Δm-e-Xm-iym-a-X-\p-kv{Xn-[mXp

an{i- n-cm-hm≥ a[p-tcm-‡n-bp‡x

c‡m-b-Xmt£m lcn-Xmw-ip-I-kvXzIv

kmtcm _pt[m lmky-cp-Nn- -amw-Kx.

_p[≥.

_pt[m: - ˛ _p[≥.

Zp¿Δm-e-Xm-iym-a- X-\p ˛ Idp-I-∏p-√ns‚ \ndap≈ icocw,

{Xn-[mXpan{ix ˛ {XntZm-j-{]-Ir-Xn,

kn-cm-hm≥ ˛ RcºpIƒ \nd™ tZlw,

a[ptcm‡n bp‡ ˛ a[p-c-amb kw`m-j-Ww,

c‡m-b-Xmt£m ˛ NpI∂ IÆpIƒ,

lcn-Xmw-ip-Iw ˛ ]® hkv{Xw,

XzIvkmtcm ˛ I´n-bp-≈ sXmen,

lmky-cp-Nn ˛ \¿Ω-t_m-[ap≈-h≥,

kamw-Kw ˛ ka-amb Aw-K-ßtfmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.

{Xn[mXpan{i....

hymJym-Xm-°-fn¬ Nne¿ {Xn-[mXp F∂pw, an{i- n-cm-hm≥ F∂pw a‰p Nne¿ {Xn[m-

Xp-an{i, kncm-hm≥ F∂pw ]Zw apdn®v A¿Yw ]d™p ImWp∂-p.

 32

(12)

]oX-ZypXnx ]nwK-I-tN-£-Wx kymXv

]ot\m-∂-tXm-cm› _rl-—-cocx

I^m-flIx t{ijvTaXnx kptcUyx

knwlm-_vP\m-Z› hkp-{]-[m-\x.

hymgw kptcUyx ˛ hymgw.

]oX-ZypXnx ˛ Xnf-ßp∂ a™\ndw,

]nwK -I-N Cu-£-W ˛ Xhn´p \ndØnep≈ apSnbpw IÆp-Ifpw,

]o\- D∂X D-cx ˛ XSn®Xpw Db¿∂ amdv,

_rl-Xv i-cocx ˛ henb icocw,

I^m-flIx ˛ I^-{]-Ir-Xn,

t{ijvTaXnx ˛ DXvIr-jvS-amb a\- v,

knwlm-_vP\m-Z ˛ knwlK¿÷-\w-t]mse apg-ßp∂ i_vZw,

hkp-{]-[m-\x. ˛ kº-∂≥.

(13)

Nn{Xmw-_cm Ip©n-X-Ir-jvW-tIix

ÿqemw-K-tZ-l› I^m-\n-emflm

Zp¿Δm-¶p-cm`x Iat\m hnim-e˛

t\t{Xm `rKpx -km-[nXip¢-hr-≤nx.

ip{I≥, `rKpx ˛ ip{I≥,

Nn{Xmw-_cw ˛ (hn)Nn{X-amb As√-¶n¬ _lp-h¿Æ-

Øn-ep≈ hkv{Xw,

Ip©n-X-Ir-jvWtIix ˛ Npcp-- p IdpØ apSn,

ÿqemw-K -tZ-l ˛ XSn® tZl-{]-Ir-Xn,

I^m A\n-emflm ˛ I^-hmX{]Ir-Xn,

Zp¿Δm-¶p-cm`x ˛ Idp-I-\m-ºns‚ \ndw,

Iat\ hnim-et\t{X ˛ BI¿j-Ihpwhnim-ehp-amb

IÆp-Iƒ,

km[nX ip¢-hr≤n ˛ ip¢-hr-≤n-bp-- m-°p-∂p.

(14)

]wKp¿\nav\-hn-tem-N\x (1) Iri-X-\p¿±o¿L- n-cm-tfm- f ekx

IrjvWmwKx ]h-\m-fl-tIm f -Xn-]n-ip\x kv\mbz-fltIm \n¿LrWx

aq¿Jx ÿqe-\-J-ZznPx ]cp-jtcm-amw-tKm f ip-Nn-kvXm-atkm

cu{Zx t{Im[-]tcm Pcm-]-cn-WXx IrjvWmw-_tcm `mkvI-cox. (1) ]mTt`Zw: ]nwtKm \nav\-hn-tem-N\....

 33

i\n. `mkvIcn ˛ i\n.

]wKpx ˛ apS¥≥.

\nav\- hn-tem-N\ ˛ Ipgn™ IÆp-Iƒ As√-¶n¬

Xmtgbv°p t\m°p∂ kz`m-hw,

Iri-X-\p ˛ saen™ ico-cw,

Zo¿L ˛ Db-c-ap≈ tZlw,

kn-cm-f ˛ knc-Iƒ \nd-™- icocw

(Zo¿L- n-cmtfm F∂pw ImWp-∂p),

Ae-k ˛ Ae-k≥,

IrjvWmwtKm ˛ IdpØ icocw,

]h-\m-fl-I ˛ hmX-{]-Ir-Xn,

AXn-]n-ip\x ˛ ZpjvS≥ (\nμy≥),

kv\mbz-flI ˛ t]in-Iƒ \nd™ (I-cp-Øp-≈),

\n¿LrW ˛ \μn-bn√mØh≥,

aq¿J ˛ _p≤nbn√mØh≥,

ÿqe-\-J-ZznP ˛ XSn® ]√pw \J-ß-fpw,

]cp-jtcm-amw-K ˛- am¿±-h-an-√mØ tcmahpw ico-chpw,

A-ip-Nn ˛ ipNn-Xzan-√m-Ø-h≥,

Xm-ak ˛ Xma-k-kz`mhw,

cu{Z ˛ cu{Zkz`mhw,

t{Im[-]tcm ˛ ap≥tIm-]n,

Pcm-]-cn-WXx ˛ hm¿≤Iyw _m[n-®,

IrjvWmw-_tcm ˛ IdpØ hkv{Xw,

(15)

ssihw [ma -_lnx{]Im-i-I-a-cp-t±iw cthx ]q¿h-ZnIv

Zp¿Km-ÿm-\-h-[q-P-eu-j[n a[p-ÿm\w hnt[m¿hm-bp-ZnIv

tNmc-w tæ-—-Ir-im-\p-bp-≤-`p-hn-Zn-Kymaym IpP-tkym-ZnXm

hnZz-ZznjvWpk`mhnlmcKW-I-ÿm-\m-\yp-Z-oNow hnZpx.

{KlßfpsS hmkÿm\߃ cthx ˛ kqcy\v.

ssihw [ma - ˛ inh-t£{Xw,

_ln{]tZiw ˛ shfn-ÿew,

{]Im-i-I- {]tZiw ˛ shfn®ap≈ ÿew,

a-cp-t±iw ˛ acp-`qan,

]q¿h- ZnIv ˛ Ing°p Zn°v.

hnt[m ˛ N{μ\v.

Zp¿Km-ÿm-\w ˛ Zp¿§mt£{Xw,

h-[q ˛ kv{XoIƒ,

P-ew,

Hu-j[n-Iƒ,

 34

a[pÿm\w ˛ tX≥/aZyw D≈ ÿew,

(h-[q-P-eu-j[na[p-F∂nh D≈ ÿew F∂pw),

hmbp-ZnIv ˛ hS-°p-]-Sn-™md.v

IpP ˛ IpP\v.

tNmc ˛ I≈-∑m¿,

tæ-— ˛ tæ—∑m¿,

Ir-im-\p ˛ A·n,

bp-≤-`p-hn ˛ bp≤- qan,

ZnKymaym ˛ ZnIv bmaym ˛ ba-Zn°v, sX°v

hnZp ˛ _p[\v.

hnZzXv ˛ hnZzm-∑m¿,

hnjvWp,

k`m ˛ kZ- p-Iƒ,

hnlmc ˛ Ifn-ÿew / _p≤hnlmcw

KW-I ˛ KWn-X-⁄≥ ˛ KWI≥/tPym’y≥

ÿm\m\n ˛ (Chbp≈) ÿe-߃,

DZ-oNn ˛ hS°p Zn°v.

(16)

tImim-iz-∞-kp-c-Zzn-Pm-Xn-\n-e-bkvssXzim-\-Zn-§ojv]-tX¿

thiymhoYy-h-tcm-[-\r-Ø-i-b-\-ÿm\w `rtKm-c-·n-ZnIv

\oN-t{i-Wy-ip-Nn-ÿew hcp-W-ZnIvimkvXpx i-t\-cm-etbm

hm¬ao-Im-ln-X-tam-_ne-(1)\yln inJn-ÿm-\m\n Zn{K-£-kx.

Kojv]-tXx ˛ hymg-Øn-\v.

tImix ˛ JP-\mhv,

Aiz-∞ ˛ Ac-bm¬,

kp-c-Zzn-Pm-Xn\n-e-b ˛ tZ-h-∑m¿, {_m-“-W¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS

hmk-ÿ-ew,

Cuim-\-ZnIv ˛ hS°p Ing°v,

`rtKmx ˛ ip{I\v:

thiymhoYn ˛ thiymsØ-cphv,

Ah-tcm-[ ˛ A¥x-]pcw,

\r-Øÿm\w ˛ -\rØ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S°p∂ ÿew,

i-b-\ÿm\w ˛ InS∏d,

A-·n-ZnIv ˛ A·n-tIm-Wv. Ing°psX°p aqe.

it\ ˛ i-\n-°v. -

\oN-t{i-Wn ˛ tNcn-Iƒ,

Aip-Nn-ÿew ˛ hrØn-sI´ ÿew,

hcp-W-ZnIv ˛ ]Sn-™mdv,

 35

imkvX ˛ imkvXm-hv,

Bebw ˛ ÿm\w.

Aln-inJn ˛ cmlp-tI-Xp-°ƒ°v.

hm¬aoIw ˛ ]p‰v,

X-tam-_new ˛ Ccp- amfw (s]mØv).

ÿm-\m\n ˛ ÿm\-߃,

Zn{K-£-kx -˛ ZnIvc£k ˛ \ncrXn tImWv (sX-°p-]-Sn-™m-dv).

(17)

ssithm `njMv\r]-Xn-c-[z-cIrXv{]-[m\o

hymt{Lm artKm Zn\-]tXx Ine -N-{I-hmIx

imkvXmw-K\m(1) cPI I¿jI tXmb-Kmkyp˛

cntμm-x ii› lcn-W› _I›-tIm-cx.

{Kl-ßfpsS a‰p Imc-I-Xz-߃

(sXmgn¬, ]£n, arKw apX-em-bh)

N{μ≥ Cμp ˛ N{μ\v

imkvXm ˛ imkvXmhv,

Aw-K\m ˛ kv{Xo,

(]mTt`Zw ikvXmw-K\m -˛ {]ikvXbmb kv{Xo)

cPI ˛ Ae-°p-Imc≥,

I¿j-I ˛ Irjn-°m-c≥,

tXmb-Km --˛ PeØn-¬ k-©cn°p∂h≥

i-iw ˛ apb¬,

lcn-Ww ˛ am≥t]S,

_Iw ˛ sIm°v,

NtImcw ˛ sNtºmØv.

kqcy≥ Zn\-]tXx ˛ kqcy\v.

ssithm ˛ inh-`-‡≥,

`njIv ˛ sshZy≥,

\r]-Xn- ˛ cmPmhv,

A-[z-cIrXv ˛ bmKw sNøp-∂-bmƒ,

{][m\n - ˛ ap-Jy≥,

hymt{Lm ˛ ISph,

artKm ˛ am≥,

N{I-hmIw ˛ ]I¬ CW- Iq´n\p- mIp-sa¶nepw cm{Xn

bmbm¬ CWsb ]ncn™v hnc-l-ZpxJw A\p-`-hn-t°- n hcp∂ Hcp ]£n F∂p

i_vZXmcmhen.

 36

(18)

`utam alm-\-k-K-Xm-bp-[`r¬kp-h¿Æ˛

Imcm-P-Ip-°pSinhmI]n KrZv{[tNmcmx

tKm]m-e -in¬]n KW-tIm-Øa(1) hnjvWp-Zmkmx

Xm¿£yx InIo-Zn-hn- ip-Iu- iintPm _nUm-ex

IpP≥ `ua - ˛ IpP≥,

alm-\-k-K-X ˛ ASp-°-f-°m-c≥,

B-bp-[`rXv ˛ Bbp[w [cn-®h≥,

kp-h¿ÆImc ˛ kz¿Æ-∏-Wn-°m-c≥,

AP ˛ BSv,

Ip-°pS ˛ tImgn,

inhm ˛ s]¨Ip-dp-°≥,

I]n ˛ Ipc-ß≥,

KrZv{[p ˛ Igp-I≥,

tNmcx ˛ I≈≥.

_p[≥

iinP ˛ _p[≥, tKm]m-e ˛ ]ip-°-sf]men°p-∂-h≥,

in¬]n,

KW-tImØa ˛ KWn-X-⁄≥,

hnjvWp-Zmkx ˛ hnjvWp-`-‡≥ (sshjvW-h≥),

Xm¿£yw ˛ ]cp¥v,

InIoZn-hn ˛ Im´p-Im°, (InIo F∂p Ic-bp∂ Hcp

]£n),

ip-I ˛ XØ,

_nUm-ex ˛ ]q®.

(1) hymJym\t`Zw:

tKm]-⁄-in¬]-K-WI....

tKm] ˛ ]m¬°m-c≥,

⁄ ˛ hnZzm≥,

in¬]n ˛ sImØp-]-Wn-°m-c≥,

KWI ˛ IW-s°-gp-Øp-Im-c≥.

(19)

ssZh⁄ a{¥n Kpcp hn{] bXoi apJymx

]mcm-h-Xx kpcKptcm-kvXp-c-K› lwkx

Km\o [\o hnS hWnMv \S X¥p-hmb

thiymabqcalnjo N `rtKmx iptIm Kux.

 37

hymgw kpcKptcm ˛ hymg-Øn\v,

ssZh⁄ ˛ ssZh⁄≥

a{¥n,

Kpcp,

hn{] ˛ {_m“-W≥.

bXoi ˛ k\ymkn,

apJy ˛ apJy≥, ({][m\n),

]mcm-hXw ˛ amS{]mhv,

XpcKw ˛ IpXnc,

lwkw ˛ A-c-b-∂w.

ip{I≥ `rtKm ˛ ip{I -\v

Km\o ˛ Kmb-I≥,

[\o ˛ [\nI≥,

hnS ˛ hnS≥,

hWnIv ˛ I®-h-S-°m-c≥,

\S ˛ \¿Ø-I≥ (\S≥),

X¥p-hmb ˛ s\bvØp-Im-c≥,

thiy,

abqc ˛ abn¬,

alnjo ˛ Fcpa

]mTt`Zw a-ln-jw ˛ t]mØv

viptIm ˛ XØ,

Ku ˛ ]ip.

(20)

ssXe-{Ibo `rXI\oNIncmXImb˛

kvImcm› Z¥nIcSm› ]nIm-»t\x kypx.

_u≤m-ln-Xp-fin-I-J-cm-P-Ir-tImjv{Sk¿]˛

≤zm¥m-Jy-tbm¿a-i-I-a-°p-W-Ir-ayp-eq-Imx.

i\n it\ ˛ i\n-°v.

ssXe-{Ibo ˛ FÆ-°-®-h-S-°m-c≥,

`rXI ˛ `rXy≥,

\oN ˛ \oN≥,

IncmX(I) ˛ Im´m-f≥, ZpjvS≥

AbkvImcm ˛ sIm√≥ (C-cpºp ]Wn-°m-c≥),

Z¥n ˛ B\,

Ic-Sm ˛ Im°,

]nIm- ˛ Ipbn¬,

 38

cmlp, tIXp [zm¥m-Jy-tbmx ˛ Xtam{Kl߃°v, cmlptIXp°ƒ°v

([zm¥w ˛ Ccp´v, BJytbm ˛ F∂p t]cmbh)

_u≤ ˛ _u≤≥ (_p≤-a-X-m\pbmbn, Alnμp),

AlnXpfinI ˛ ]mºp ]nSpØ°mc≥, ]mºm´n,

Jc ˛ IgpX

AP ˛ BSv

IrI(hmIw) ˛ Iqhp∂ ]£n, ]qh≥ tImgn

Djv{SIw ˛ H´Iw.

k¿∏ ˛ ]mºv,

aiI ˛ sImXpIv,

a°pW ˛ aq´,

Iran, ˛ sIm®p {]mWn-Iƒ

D-eqI ˛ aqß.

(IpP\p ]d™ BSpw tImgnbpw ChnsS ho- pw h∂Xns‚ ImcWw IpPhXv

tIXp F∂ \nbaambncn°Ww.),

{Kl-ß-fpsS i{Xp-an-{XXzw

(21)

kuayx ktam¿°-P-kn-Xm-h-lnXu Jcmw-tim˛

cntμm¿lnXu chn-_p-[m-h-]tc kamx kypx

`uaky aμ-`rKpPu Xp kau cn]p¿⁄˛

kuayky ioX-Kp-c-cn- p-lrZu knXm¿°u.

(22)

kptc¿Zznju Ihn _p[u chn-P- ax kym˛

∑≤yu Ith¿Kp-cp-IpPu kplrZu i\n⁄u

Poh-x- kax knXhnZu chn-Pky ant{X

t⁄bm A\p-‡-J-N-cmkvXp XZ-\yYm kypx.

kqcy-\v

Jcmw-tim kuay ktam ˛ kqcy-\v -_p[≥ ka≥,

A¿°P knX AhlnXu ˛ i\nbpw ip{I\pw i{Xp°ƒ.

N{μ-\v

Ctμmx lnXu chn-_p-[ ˛ N{μ-\v an{X߃ kqcy\pw _p[-\pw,

A]tc kamx ˛ addp-≈-h¿ k-a-∑m¿. (N-{μ\p i{Xp-°-fn-√).

IpP\v

`uaky aμ- r-KpPu Xp kau ˛ IpP\v i\nbpw ip{I\pw ka-∑m¿,

cn]p¿⁄ ˛ _p[≥ i{Xp-.

_p[-\v

kuayky ioXKpx Acn ˛ _p[-\v N{μ-≥ i{Xp,

knXm¿°u kplrZ ˛ ip{I\pw kqcy-\pw an{X߃.

 39

Kpcphn\v

kptcx Zznju Ihn-_p-[u ˛ ip{I\pw _p[\pw hym-g-Øn\p i{Xp-°-ƒ

chn-P-x ka ˛ i\n ka≥

ip{I\v

Ithx ˛ ip{I\v

Kpcp-IpPu a≤yu ˛ Kpcphpw IpP-\pw ka-∑m¿,

i\n⁄u kplrZu ˛ i\nbpw _p[\pw kplr-Øp-°ƒ.

i\n-bv°p

chn-Pky Pohx k--a ˛ i\n-bv°p Kpcp ka\pw

knX-hnZu ant{X ˛ ip{I\pw _p[\pw an{X-߃.

t⁄bm A\p‡ JN-cmkvXp XZ-\y-Ymkypx

˛ ap-I-fn¬ FSpØp ]d-bmØ {Kl-ß-fpsS Imcyw Duln-®p-sIm≈-Ww. (DZm-l-c-

W-Øn\v t«mI-Øn¬ i\n-bpsS ka\pw an{X-ßfpw am{Xta ]d-™n-´p-≈q. i{Xp-hns‚

Imcyw Duln-°Ww.)

{Kl-ß-fpsS Cu i{Xp-˛-an-{X-˛-ka _‘-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\w _rl-÷m-X-I-Øn¬

(2--˛15) ]d-bp∂p- v:

.. .ktXymt‡ kplrZkv{XntImW`h\mXv

kzmXv kzm¥y[o[¿Ω]mx

tkz®mbp pJ]m› e£Whnt[¿˛

∂mt\y hntcm[mZnXn.

kXym-Nm-cy≥ ]d™n-´p-≈-X-\p-k-cn®v kz¥w aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-bn¬\n∂pw, 2, 12, 5, 9

cmin-I-fpsS \mY-∑mcpw, kz¥w D®cmin, Bbp v (8) kpJ (4) F∂n-h-bpsS \mY-

∑mcpw kplr-Øp-°ƒ BIp-∂p. Cu imkv{X-hn-[n°v A\pkrXa√mØh kplr-Øp-

°ƒ BIp-∂n-√. t«mIØn¬ ]d™Xp ]´nI cq]Ønem°ptºmƒ˛˛

{Klw aqe-{Xn 2 12 5 9 D®w 8 4

kqcy≥ Nnßw I∂n I¿°-S [\p taSw taSw ao\w hr›nIw

c _p N Kp Ip Ip Kp Ip

N{μ≥ CShw anYp\w taSw I∂n aIcw CShw [\p Nnßw

ip _p Ip _p a ip Kp c

IpP≥ taSw CShw ao\w Nnßw [\p aIcw hr›n I¿°-SIw

Ip ip Kp c Kp a Ip N

_p[≥ I∂n Xpemw Nnßw aIcw CShw I∂n taSw [\p

_p ip c a- ip- _p- Ip Kp

Kpcp [\p aIcw hr›n taSw Nnßw I¿° I¿-° ao\w

Kp a Ip Ip c N N Kp

ip{I≥ Xpemw hr›n I∂n Ipw`w anYp ao\w CShw aIcw

ip Ip _p a _p Kp ip a

i\n Ipw`w ao\w aIcw anYp Xpemw Xpemw I∂n CShw

a Kp a _p ip ip _p ip

 40

CXp-{]-Im-cw- Hmtcm {KlØn\pw In´p∂ t]mb‚pIƒ

c- N- Ip _p -Kp- ip a

kqcy\v ˛ 1 3 1 2 - ˛

N{μ\v 1 ˛ 1 2 1 1 1

IpP\v 1 1 ˛ 1 2 1 1

_p[\v 1 ˛ 1 1 1 2 1

Kpcp-hn\v 1 2 2 ˛ 1 ˛ 1

ip{I\v ˛ ˛ 1 2 1 1 2

i\n°v ˛ ˛ ˛ 2 1 3 1

CXpsh®p i{Xpan{Xßsf ImWp∂ hn[w˛˛

1. c- p cmin-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ c- p h∂m¬ an{Xw

2 Hcp cmin-bpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ H∂p h∂mepw an{Xw

3 c- p cmin-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ H∂p h∂m¬ ka≥

4 H∂pw hcm-Øh i{Xp.

AXp{]Imcw˛

an{Xw ka≥ i{Xp

kqcy\v NIpKp _p ipa

N{μ\v c_p IpKp-ipa C√

IpP\v cNKp ip a _p

_p[\v c ip IpKpa N

Kpcp-hn\v cNIp a _pip

ip{I\v _pa IpKp cN

i\n°v _pip Kp cNIp

^eZo]nI{]Imcap≈ i{Xpan{XXzhpw CXpXs∂bmWv.

an{Xw ka≥ i{Xp

kqcy\v N{μ≥, IpP≥, Kpcp _p[≥ ip{I≥ i\n

N{μ\v chn, _p[≥ IpP≥, Kp-cp, ip{I≥, i\n C√

IpP\v chn, N{μ≥, Kpcp ip{I≥, i\n _p[≥

_p[\v chn, ip{I≥ IpP≥, Kpcp, i\n N{μ≥

Kpcp-hn\v chn, N{μ≥, IpP≥ i\n _p[≥, ip{I≥

ip{I\v _p[≥, i\n IpP≥, Kpcp chn, N{μ≥

i\n°v _p[≥, ip{I≥ Kpcp chn,N{μ≥,IpP≥

CXphsc ]d™Xv {KlßfpsS ss\k¿§nI i{Xpan{X AhÿbmWv. C\n

Xm¬°menI i{Xpan{Xmhÿ ]dbp∂p.

(23)

At\ym\yw {Xnkp-J-kz-Jm-¥y-`-h-Km-kvX¬Im-e-an-{Xm-Wyao

Xss∂-k¿§n-I-a-]y-th£y IY-tb-Ø-kym-Xn-an-{Xm-ln-Xm≥

iucymt-⁄- c-hntPm Kpcp¿Kpcp-kpXu `ua-›Xp¿∞m-jvSau

]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-a© kI-em-kvtX-jzw-{Ln-hr≤ym{Iam¬.

 41

{Kl-ß-fpsS Xm¬°m-enI i{Xp-an-{Xmhÿ At\ym\yw {Xn kp-J -kz- J - A¥y- `-hKm- XX¬Im-e-an-{Xm-Wn

˛ Hcp{KlØn¬ \n∂pw 3, 4, 2, 10, 12, 11 `mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl߃

X¬°mean{XßfmWv.

XXv ss\k¿§n-Iw- A]n A-th£y IY-tb-Xv Xky A-Xn-an-{Xm

˛ ss\k¿§nI_‘wIqSn t\m°n AXnan{Xw XpSßnbh ]dbWw.

Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ Hcp {Kl-Øns‚ ]n∂nse aq∂p cmin-Ifnepw (10,11,12) ap∂nse aq∂p

cmin-Ifnepw (2, 3, 4) \n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃ B PmX-I-Øn¬ B {Kl-Øns‚ X¬°m-e-

an-{X-ß-fm-Wv. CX-√m-Øh (5 apX¬ 9 hsc `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p-∂h), X¬°m-e-i-{Xp-

°-fp-am-Ip-∂p. Cu X¬°me _‘hpw 21, 22 t«mI-ß-fn¬ ]d™ ss\k¿§n-I-_-

‘hpw tN¿Øp Nn¥n-°-Ww. AXm-b-Xv˛˛-

XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ss\k¿§nIan{Xw = AXnan{Xw

XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ss\k¿§nI i{Xp = ka≥

XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ss\k¿§nIka≥ = an{Xw

XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ss\k¿§nIi{Xp = AXni{Xp

XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ss\k¿§nIan{Xw = ka≥

XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ss\k¿§nIka≥ = i{Xp-

{Kl-ß-fpsS ZrjvSn (ho-£Ww) ....iucym⁄m- c-hntPm Kpcp¿Kpcp-kpXu `ua-›Xp¿∞m-jvSau

]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-a© kI-em-kvtX-jzw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬.

]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-aw N kI-em -x ˛ F√m- {Kl߃°pw Ggntebv°p

]q¿ÆZrjvSnbp- v.

iucy B-⁄m- c-hntPm - i\nbv°v 3, 10

Kpcpx Kpcp-kpXu ˛ Kpcp-hn\v 9, 5,

`ua -NXp¿∞ AjvSau ˛ IpP\v 4, 8.

F∂nßs\ hntijZrjvSnIfp- v.

Aw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬ ˛ ]mZhr≤n{IaØn¬ (]mZZrjvSnbpap- v.)

1) km[mcW ZrjvSnbpw hntijZr-jvSn-bpw F√m- {Kl߃°pw Ggn-te-bv°p≈ ]q¿Æ-Zr-jvSn-bv°p ]pdsa i\n (3˛10), Kpcp

(5˛9), IpP≥ (4˛8) F∂nßs\ hntijZr-jvSn-bpap- v. hnti-j-Zr-jvSnbpw ]q¿Æ-Zr-

jvSn-bm-Wv.

Hcp `mhØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØn\v as‰mcp`mhØntebv°p≈ ZrjvSn kmam\y

ambn ]d™XmWv. tcJmwiØn¬ \n∂pw tcJmwiØntebv°mWv ZrjvSn hcp∂Xv.

AXmbXv˛˛

{Klw ZrjvSn tcJmwiw 1. kqcy≥ 7 180

2. N{μ≥ 7 180

3. IpP≥ 4, 7, 8 90, 180, 210

4. _p[≥ 7 180

5. hymgw 5, 7, 9 120, 180, 240

6. ip{I≥ 7 180

7. i\n 3, 7, 10 60, 180, 270

 42

DZmlcWw: IpPkv^pSw 0˛5˛0 (taSw 5) BsW¶n¬ 7˛tebv°p≈ ZrjvSn hcpI

185 Un{Knbntebv°v (Xpemw 5 tebv°v) BWv. hmkvXhØn¬ 185 Un{KnbpsS 15

Un{Kn A∏pdtØbv°pw 15 Un{Kn C∏pdtØbv°pw am{XamWv ZjvSn hcp∂Xv..

AXmbXv, XpemØn¬ 20 Un{Kn°∏pdw \n¬°p∂ {KlØn\p IpPZrjvSn C√.

2) ]mZZrjvSn Aw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬

˛ ]mZ-hr≤n A\p-k-cn®v Ah-bpsS ZrjvSn-bpsS A\p-]m-Xhpw Im¬

(3˛-10), Ac (5˛9), ap°m¬ (4˛8) F∂ {IaØn¬ h¿≤n®phcp∂p.

1, 2, 6, 11, 12 `mhßfntebv°v Hcp Xcw ZrjvSnbpan√.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

kqcy≥ ˛ ˛ 1/4 3/4 1/2 ˛ 1 3/4

1/2

1/4 ˛ ˛

N{μ≥ ˛ ˛ 1/4 3/4 1/2 ˛ 1 3/4

1/2 1/4 - - IpP≥ ˛ ˛ 1/4 1

1/2 ˛ 1 1

1/2 1/4 - -

_p[≥ ˛ ˛ 1/4 3/4 1/2 ˛ 1 3/4

1/2 1/4 - - Kpcp ˛ ˛ 1/4 3/4

1 ˛ 1 3/4 1 1/4 ˛ ˛

ip{I≥ ˛ ˛ 1/4 3/4

1/2 ˛ 1 3/4 1/2 1/4 - -

i\n ˛ ˛ 1 3/4

1/2 - 1 3/4 1/2 1 - -

(24)

kqcym-tZ-c-b\w £tWm Zn\-ar-Xp¿Ωm-k› ]£-»c˛

Zzn{]-»p-{I-Kpcp chn-£n-Xn-kpXu N{μu _pt[m f ¥y»\nx

{]mlp¿ -Xz-c-P-kvX-amwkn iin-Kp¿h¿°mx Ihn⁄u ]tc

{Kojvam-Z¿°-IpPu iio iin-kptXm Poh-»-\n¿`m¿§hx.

Ime-\n¿Æbw kqcym-tZx ˛ -kqcy≥ apXemb {Klßsfs°m- p Nn¥n t°- Xv:

kqcy≥ Ab\w ˛ 6 amkw,

N{μ≥ £W ˛ 2 \mgnI,

IpP≥ Zn\- ˛ 1 Znhkw,

_p[≥ EXp ˛ 2 amkw,

hymgw ˛ 1 am-kw,

ip{I≥ ]£-w ˛ 15 Znhkw,

i\n icx ˛ 1 h¿jw.

h¿Æw:

hn{]- ip-{I-Kpcp, ˛ ip{I\pw Kpcphpw {_m“W¿,

chn-£n-Xn-kpXu, ˛ kqcy\pw IpP\pw £{Xnb¿

Nt{μm_pt[m, ˛ N{μ\pw _p[\pw sshiy¿

A¥yx i\nx ˛ i\n A¥yP≥ (NmXp¿h¿WyØnse

Ahkm\sØ PmXn, iq{Z≥).

hymJym\t`Zw: _p[≥˛iq{Z≥, i\n˛A¥yP≥, Ah¿Æ≥

 43

KpWw: k-Xz -c-P- X-amwkn ˛ kmXznIw cmPknIw XmaknIw F∂o

{XnKpW߃°v {IaØn¬,

iin -Kpcp A¿°mx ˛ N{μ\pw Kpcphpw kqcy\pw (kmXznIw),

Ihn ⁄u ˛ ip{I\pw _p[\pw (cmPknIw),

]tc ˛ a‰p≈h¿ (IpP\pw i\nbpw:

XmaknIw)

EXp°ƒ: {Kojvam-Xv ˛ {Kojvaw XpSßnb Bdp

EXp°fpsS ImcI∑-m¿:

A¿°-IpPu ˛ kqcy\pw IpP\pw, ({Kojvaw),

iio ˛ N{μ≥ (h¿jw),

iin-kptXm ˛ _p[≥ (icXv),

Pohx ˛ hymgw (tla¥w),

i\n ˛ (inincw),

`m¿Kh ˛ ip{I≥ (hk¥w)

Imew, h¿Æw, KpWw, EXp

(]´nI cq]Øn¬) {Klw Imew h¿Æw KpWw EXp

1. kqcy≥ 6 amkw £{Xnb kmXznIw {Kojvaw

2. N{μ≥ 2 \mgnI sshiy kmXznIw h¿jw

3. IpP≥ 1 Znhkw £{Xnb Xma-knIw {Kojvaw

4. _p[≥ 2 amkw sshiy cmP-knIw icXv

5. hymgw 1 amkw {_m“W≥ kmXznIw tla¥w

6. ip{I≥ 15 Znhkw {_m“-W≥ cmPknIw hk¥w

7. i\n 1 h¿jw iq{Z≥ Xma-knIw inincw

(25)

XmXmwt_ chn-`m¿§hu Znhn \nin {]m`m-I-co-μp -kvarXu

XZvhy-kvtX\ ]nXrhy-amXr`Kn-\o-kw⁄m XZm XZv{Iam¬

hmam-£o-μp-cnt\m f \yZ£n IYntXm `uax I\n-jvTm-\ptPm

Pothm tPyjvTktlm-Z-c-»-in-kptXm ZØm-flPx kw⁄n-Xx.

_‘pImcIXzhpw t\{XImcIXzhpw

1. XmXmwt_ ˛ A—\pw AΩbpw, ({IaØn¬)

chn-`m¿§hu ˛ kqcy\pw ip{I\pw,

Znhn ˛ ]I¬. --

\nin ˛ cm{Xnbn¬,

{]m`m-I-co-μp - ˛ i\nbpw N{μ\pw,

2. XZv hykvtX\, ]nXrhy -amXr`Kn-\o- kw⁄m....

˛ ]nXmhns‚ ktlmZc\pw amXmhns‚ ktlmZcnbpw (hn]coXambpw {IaØnepw),

 44

3. hmam-£n Cμp ˛ N{μ≥ CSXp IÆv,

Ct\m A\yXv A£n ˛ kqcy≥ heXp IÆv

4. `uax I\n-jvTm-\ptPm ˛ IpP≥ A\pP≥,

Pothm tPyjvTktlm-Z-c˛hymgw tPyjvT≥,

iin-kptXm ZØm-flP ˛ _p[≥ ZØp]p{X≥.

{Klw ]I¬ cm{Xn F√mbvt∏mgpw kqcy≥ ]nXmhv ]nXrktlmZc≥ heXp IÆv

i\n ]nXrktlmZc≥ ]nXmhv ....

N{μ≥ amXrktlmZcn amXmhv CSXp IÆv

ip{I≥ amXmhv amXrktlmZcn . ...

IpP≥ ˛ ˛ CfbktlmZc≥

_p[≥ ˛ ˛ ZØp]p{X≥

Kpcp ˛ ˛ tPyjvTktlmZc≥

(26)

tZtlm tZln lna-cp-Nn-cn-\-kvXzn-{μn-bm--Wym-c-]q¿hm

BZn-Xy-Zzn-UvKp-fn-I-in-Jn-\kvXky ]oUm-Icmx kypx

K‘x kutaym `rKp-P-i-in\u Zzu cku kqcy-`uau

cq]u i_vtZm Kpcp-cY ]tc kv]¿i-kw⁄mx {]Zn-jvSm-x

tZlw, tZln tZtlm tZln lna-cp-Nn- C\ ˛ N{μ≥ tZl (icoc)ImcI≥,

kqcy≥ tZln (Bfl) ImcI≥,

C{μnbm--Wn Bc-]q¿hm ˛ IpP≥ XpS-ßn-b (A©p) {Kl߃

C{μnb߃,

Kp-fn-I -in-Jn-\ Xky ]oUm-Icmx kypx ˛ Kpfn-I\pw cmlp-tI-Xp-°fpw

iey-Im-cn-I-fp-am-Ip-∂p.

K‘ ck cq] i_vZ kv]¿i Imc-IXzw K‘x kutaym ˛ _p[≥ K‘-Im-c-I-\pw,

`rKp-P -i-in\u Zzu cku ˛ ip{I\pw N{μ\pw ck-Im-c-I-∑m-cpw,

kqcy-`uau cq]u ˛ kqcy\pw IpP\pw cq]-Im-c-I-∑m-cpw,

i_vtZm Kpcp- AY ˛ Kpcp i_vZImc-I\pw,

]tc kv]¿i- ˛ a‰p {Kl-߃ (a, k, in) kv]¿i-

Im-c-I-cp-am-Ip-∂p.

(27)

£otWμz¿°-Ip-Pm-ln-tI-Xp-c-hnPmx ]m]- -]m-]-›-hnXv

¢o_mx tIXp-_p-[m¿°-Pm-x iinX-ax -ip-{Im-x kv{Xntbm f t\y \cmx

cp{Zmw_m Kpl -hn-jvWp -[m-Xr- I-a-em- Im-em-lyPm tZh-Xm˛

 qcym-Zy-·n- `q-an- J -]-tbm- hm-bzm-fl-Imx -kyp¿{Klmx.

{Kl-ß-fpsS ip`]m]Xzw £otWμp ˛ £oW-N-{μ≥,

A¿° ˛ kqcy≥,

 45

IpP≥, ˛ IpP≥

Aln ˛ cmlp,

tIXp, ˛ tIXp

c-hnPmx ˛ i\n,

]m] ˛ Ch¿ ]m]-∑m-cm-Ip∂p,

k]m] N -hnXv ˛ ]m]-t\m-Sp-Iq-Snb _p[\pw (]m]-\m-Ip-∂p.)

ip`≥ ]m]≥ 1. ]£_eap≈ N{μ≥ 1. kqcy≥

2. ]m]tbmKan√mØ _p[≥ 2. ]£_ean√mØ N{μ≥

3. Kpcp 3. IpP≥

4. ip{I≥ 4. ]m]tbmKap≈ _p[≥

5. i\n

6. cmlp

7. tIXp

ss\k¿§nI]m]∑-m¿: ]m]∑-m¿ F∂p s]mXphmbn ]dbptºmƒ kqcy≥, IpP≥, i\n F∂o aq∂p

{Kl߃ am{Xta AXn¬ s]Sp∂p≈q. F∂m¬ kqcys‚ ASpØp\n¬°ptºmƒ

N{μ\pw ]m]∑-mcpsSIqsS \n¬°ptºmƒ _p[\pw ]m]cmbnamdp∂p.

N{μs‚ ]£_ew: kqcy\pambp≈ AI¬®bpw ASp∏hpamWv N{μs‚ ip`]m]Xzw \n¿Æbn°p

∂Xv. kqcy\n¬\n∂pw G‰hpw AIse \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ (]q¿ÆN{μ≥) ip`\mWv.

IdpØ hmhp Ign™v F´mw ZnhkwapX¬°mWv N{μs‚ ]£_ew Bcw`n°p∂Xv.

shfpØ hmhn≥\mfn¬ AXp ]q¿Æ amIpw. AhnSp∂tßm´v _ew Ipdbm≥ XpSßpw.

shfpØ hmhv Ign™v Ggmw\mfmIptºmtgbv°pw AXp Xosc C√mXmIpw. shfpØ

]£w AjvSan apX¬ N{μ\p s\K‰ohv _eamWv. Cdßn Cdßn N{μ≥ IdpØ

hmhnseØptºmƒ (kqcys‚ G‰hpw ASpØv FØptºmƒ) \qdp iXam\hpw

]m]^eamIpw. ASpØ ZnhkwapX¬ Ib‰w Bcw`n°pw. F´mw Znhkw ip`Xz

Øntebv°p IS°pw. (Aamhmkn˛]u¿ÆanIfpsS tPymXn »mkv{XXXzw Adn™m¬

C°mcyw IqSpX¬ hy‡amIpw.)

_p[s‚ ]m]Xzw _p[≥ kzXth ip`\mWv. F∂m¬ _p[≥ \n¬°p∂ AtX cminbn¬

]m]{Klßfmb kqcy≥, IpP≥, i\n Chcn¬ Bsc¶nepw IqsS \n¬∏ps- ¶n¬

_p[≥ ]m]\mIpw.

kv{Xo, ]p-cpj≥, \]pwkIw ¢o_mx tIXp- _p-[ A¿°-Pm-x ˛ tIXp-, _p-[≥, i\n

Ch¿ \]pw-kIßfpw,

iin X-a ip-{Im-x kv{Xntbm ˛ N-{μ≥, cm-lp, ip{I≥

Ch¿ kv{XoIfpw,

At\y \cmx ˛ a‰p-≈-h¿ (kq-cy≥, IpP≥, Kpcp)

]pcp-j-{K-l-ß-fp-am-Ip-∂p.

 46

{Kl-ß-fpsS tZhXIƒ cp{Z ˛ inh≥,

Aw_m ˛ {io]m¿hXn,

Kpl ˛ kp{_-“-Wy≥, -

hnjvWp, -

[m-Xr ˛ {_“mhv, -

I-a-e ˛ alme£van,

Ime ˛ b-a≥,

Aln ˛ k¿∏w,

APm ˛ amb.

]©`qXImcIXzw kqcymXv ˛ kqcy≥ apX-¬°v,

A·n,`q-an-,J,BImi, -]-b˛ A·n, `qan apXemb ]©-`q-X-ßfpsS Imc-I-Xzhpw

.

{Klw enwKw- tZ-hX ]©`qXw

1. kqcy≥ ]pcp-j≥ inh≥ A·n

2. N{μ≥ kv{Xo ]m¿h-Xn Pew

3. IpP≥ ]pcp-j≥ kp{_-“-Wy≥ A·n

4. _p[≥ \]pw-kIw hn-jvWp `qan

5. Kpcp ]pcp-j≥ {_“m-hv. BImiw

6. ip{I≥ kv{Xo e£van Pew

7. i\n \]pw-kIw ba≥ hmbp

8. cmlp kv{Xo k¿∏w ˛

9 tIXp \]pw-kIw ambmtZhn ˛

(28)

tKm[qaw X¨Upew ssh Xne-N-W-I-Ipep∞mV-Iiym-a-apZvKm˛

∂njv]m-hm- am-j-a¿t°-μz-kn-X-Kp-cp-in-Jn{Iqc-hn-Zv`r-Kz-lo\x

t`mKo-\m¿°ym-c-Po-h-⁄-i-in-inJn-kn-tXjzw_-cmJyw IenwKw

kucm-jv{Sm-h¥n kn‘q≥ kpa-K-[-b-h-\m≥ ]¿h-Xm≥ IoISmw›.

[m-\y-ßfpw ]b-dp-h¿§-ß-fpw A¿t° ˛ kqcy\v tKm[qaw ˛ tKmXºv

Cμp ˛ N{μ\v X¨Upew ˛ Acn

Akn-X ˛ i\n°v Xne ˛ F≈v

Kp-cp ˛ hymgØn\v N-W-I ˛ ISe

in-Jn ˛ tIXphn\v Ipep∞ ˛ apXnc

{Iqc ˛ IpP\v BV-Io ˛ Xphc

hnZv ˛ _p[\v iym-a- ˛ Nma

`rKp ˛ ip{I\v ap-ZvKm ˛ sNdp-]-b¿

Aln ˛ cmlphn\v am-jw ˛ Dgp∂v

 47

tZiImc-IXzw {Klw tZiw t`mKo ˛ cmlp Aw_cw

C\≥ ˛ kqcy≥ IenwKw

A¿°n ˛ i\n kucmjv{Sw

Bc ˛ IpP≥ Ah¥n

Poh ˛ hymgw kn‘p

⁄ ˛ _p[≥ aK[

iio ˛ N{μ≥ bh\w

inJn tIXp ]¿hXw

knX ˛ ip{I≥ IoISw

(29)

amWn-Iy-w XctWx kp[m-cy-a-aew ap‡m-^ew ioX-tKm¿˛

Ωmtl-bky N hn{Zpaw ac-IXw kuayky Kmcp-flXw

tZth-Uyky N ]pjycm-K-a-kp-cmam-Xyky h{Pw it\¿˛

\oew \n¿Ω-ea-\ytbm› KZntX tKmta-Zssh-Uq-cy-tI.

cXv\Imc-IXzw

1. amWn-Iy-w XctWx ˛ kqcy\v amWnIyw

2. kp[m-cy-w Aaew ap‡m-^ew ioX-Kp ˛ N{μ\v apØv

3. amtl-bky N hn{Zpaw ˛ IpP\v ]hngw

4. ac-IXw kuayky ˛ _p[\v ac-XIw

5. Kmcp-flXw tZth-Uyky ]pjycm-K-w ˛ hymgØn\v ]pjycmKw

6. Akp-cmam-Xyky sshcw ˛ ip{I\v h{Pw

7. it\x \oew \n¿Ωew ˛ i\n°v C{μ\oew

A\ytbm N KZntX tKmta-Zssh-Uq-cy-tI.

8. cmlphn\v ˛ tKmta[w

9. tIXphn\v ˛ sshUqcyw

(30)

Xm{ax Imwkyw [mXp-Xm{aw {X]p- ymXv

kz¿Æw cu]yw Nmbkw `mkvI-cmtZx

hkv{Xw XØ-Zz¿Æ-bp‡w hntijmXv

Po¿Æw aμ-kym-·n-ZKv[w IpP-ky.

temlImc-IXzw

(Xm{ax Imwkyw....)

`mkvI-cmtZx ˛ kqcy≥ apX-em-b-h¿°v

1. kqcy≥ ˛ Xm{ax - ˛ sNºv

2. N{μ≥ ˛ Imwkyw ˛ Iq´p-temlw

3. IpP≥ ˛ [mXp-, Xm{aw ˛ [mXp{Zhyw, sNºv

 48

4. _p[≥ ˛ {X]p ˛ Cøw

5. hymgw ˛ kz¿Æw ˛ kz¿Æw

6. ip{I≥ ˛ cu]yw ˛ sh≈n

7. i\n ˛ Bbkw ˛ Ccpºv

hkv{XImc-IXzw

hkv{Xw XØXv h-¿Æ-bp‡w

˛ Hmtcm {KlØn\pw ]d-™n-´p≈ \nd-Øn-ep≈ hkv{X-߃,

hntijmXv Po¿Æw aμ-ky

˛ hntijn®pw i\n Po¿Æn® hkv{XØnt‚bpw,

A-·n-ZKv[w IpP-ky

˛ IpP≥ Xo ]nSn® (IØnb) hkv{X Øn-s‚bpw Imc-I-∑m-cm-Ip-∂p.

(31)

`mt\mx ISp¿`q-an-kp-Xky Xn‡w

emh-Wy-an-tμm-cY N{μ-Pky

an{io-IrXw b∑-[pcw KptcmkvXp

ip{Iky Nmæ© it\x Ijm-bx.

ck-Im-c-IXzw

`mt\mx ISpx ˛ kqcy≥ ISp-c-kw,

`q-an- kp-Xky Xn‡w ˛ IpP≥ Ibv]v,

emh-Wy-w C-tμm ˛ N{μ≥ D∏v,

N{μ-Pky an{io-IrXw ˛ _p[≥ an{iw,

a-[pcw Kptcmx ˛ hymgw a[pcw,

ip{Iky Aæw ˛ ip{I≥ ]pfn,

it\x Ijm-bx ˛ i\n Ijmbw (Nh¿∏v).

{Klw hkv{Xw ckw 1. kqcy≥ Imhn ISp-c-kw,

2. N{μ≥ sh≈ D∏v

3. IpP≥ NpI∏v, Xo-]n-Sn-®X v. Ibv∏v

4. _p[≥ ]® an{ickw

5. hymgw a™ a[pcw

6. ip{I≥ sh≈ Aæw

7. i\n Po¿Æn-®, IdpØ, Ijmbw

(32)

`mkzZv Kojv]Xn N{μP £nXn-`phmw kym±-£ntWemRvO\w

tijm-Wm-an-X-c{X Xn‹-In-c-Wm¬ ISymw incx ]rjvTtbmx

It£w f tk hZt\ N kIvYn-N-ctW Nn”w hbmw-ky¿°tXm

t\ta, Zm\, XSw, \Jw, \K, k\n,- ⁄m-\m-Vy, \·m-S-\w.

 49

ASbmf߃

`mkzZv ˛ kqcy≥,

Kojv]Xn ˛ hymgw,

N{μP ˛ _p[≥,

£nXn-`phw ˛ IpP≥,

kymXv Z£ntW ˛ Ch-bv°p heXp hiØpw

tijm-Wm-w CX-c A{X Xn‹IncWm¬

˛- _m°n-bp-≈-hbv°p (N{μ≥, ip{I≥,

i\n, cmlp, tIXp) CSXp hiØpw,

em©\w ˛ AS-bm-f-߃ D- m-Ipw.

ISymw ˛ kqcy\v Ac-bnepw,

incx ˛ N{μ\p inc- nepw,

]rjvTtbmx ˛ IpP\p ]rjvT-`m-KØpw,

It£ ˛ _p[\p I£-Ønepw,

Awtk ˛ hymg-Øn\p tXmfnepw,

hZt\ ˛ ip{I\p apJØpw,

kIvYn N-ctW ˛ i\n°p XpSbnepw ]mZ-Ønepw,

Nn”w ˛ AS-bm-f-߃ D- m-Ipw.

{Klw hiw Ahbhw 1. kqcy≥ heXv Ac-bn¬ --

2. N{μ≥ CSXv inc- n¬ --

3. IpP≥ heXv ]rjvT-`m-KØv / ]n∂n¬

4. _p[≥ heXv I£-Øn¬ --

5. hygw heXv tXmfn¬ --

6. ip{I≥ CSXv apJØv

7. i\n CSXv XpSbnepw ]mZ-Ønepw

{Kl߃ kqNn∏n°p∂ {]mbw ....hbmw-ky¿°tXm

t\ta, Zm\, XSw, \Jw, \K, k\n,- ⁄m-\m-Vy, \·m-S-\w. hbmw-kn A¿°tXm

˛ kqcy≥ apX¬°p≈hcpsS hb v (A£ckwJybn¬):

A£-c-kwJy {Klw hb v t\ta - --˛ 05 - ˛ 50. kqcy≥ 50

Zm\ ˛ 80 ˛ 08 N{μ≥ 8

XSw 61 ˛ 16 IpP≥ 16

\Jw ˛ 02 ˛ 20 _p[≥ 20

\K ˛ 03 ˛ 30 hymgw 30

k\n ˛ 70 ˛ 07 ip{I≥ 7

⁄m-\m-Vy, 001 i\n 100

\·m-S-\w. 001 cmlp 100

(IS-]-bmZn A£-c-kwJybv°v A\p_‘w ˛ 1 ImWpI)

 50

(33)

\oe-Zyp-Xn¿±o¿L-X\px Iph¿Æx

]mao N ]mj-WvU-a-X- -ln°x

Ak-Xy-hmZo I]So N cmlpx

IpjvTo ]cm-∂n-μXn _p≤n-lo-\x.

cmlpkzcq]w

\oe-Zyp-Xn ˛ \oe \ndw,

Zo¿L-X\px ˛ \o- (Dbcap≈) ico-c-w,

Iph¿Æx ˛ IogvPmXn,

]mao ˛ - XzIv tcmK-ß-ƒ D≈h≥,

]mj-WvU-a-X-x ˛ \nco-iz-c-aX°mc≥,

kl C°x ˛ C°nƒ,

Ak-Xy-hmZo ˛ \pW-b≥,

I]So ˛ Im]-Sy°mc≥,

IpjvTo ˛ IpjvTtcmKn,

]cm-≥ \nμXn ˛ a‰p≈-hsc \nμn-°p-∂-h≥,

_p≤n-lo-\x ˛ _p≤niq\y≥.

(34) ct‡m-{K-Zr-jvSn¿hn-j-hm-Kp-Z-{K˛

tZlx kikv{Xx ]Xn-X› tIXpx

[q{a-Zyp-Xn¿[q-a] Gh \nXyw

{hWm¶n-Xmw-K› Irtim \riw-kx.

tIXp-kz-cq]w ct‡m-{K-Zr-jvSn ˛ Nph∂ D{K-amb IÆp-Iƒ,

hn-j-hm-Iv ˛ hnjw han-°p∂ hm°v,

DZ-{KtZl ˛ henb ico-cw,

k-ikv{Xx ˛ Bbp-[-[m-cn,

]Xn-X› - ˛ {`jvS≥,

[q{a-Zyp-Xn¿ ˛ I-dp∏pw NpI∏pw tN¿∂ \ndw,

[q-a] Gh \nXyw- ˛ ]pI han°p∂-h≥, -

hWmw-In-Xmw-K› ˛ apdn-∏m-Sp≈ AhbtØmSpIqSnbh≥.

Irtim ˛ saen™h≥,

\riw-kx - ˛ {Iqc≥

(35)

kokw N Po¿Æ-h-k\w Xa-kkvXp tItXm¿˛

arZv`m-P\w hnhn-[-Nn-{X-]Sw {]ZnjvSw

an{XmWn hn—-\n-kn-Xm-kvX-a-tkm¿Zz-tbmkvXp

`ua tam \nK-ZntXm cn]p-h› tijmx.

 51

cmlp tIXp°fpsS ]m{Xw, hkv{Xw Xa-kx kokw N Po¿Æ-h-k\w ˛ cmlphn\v Cø-∏m-{Xhpw Po¿Æ- hkv{Xhpw,

tItXmx arZv`m-P\w hnhn-[-Nn-{X-]Sw ˛ tIXp-hn\v a¨]m-{X-hpw Nn{Xßfp≈

(]e \ndßfp≈) hkv{Xhpw.

cmlp tIXp°fpsS an{X-i-{Xp-°ƒ an{XmWn hnXv i\n- kn-Xm- X-a-tkmx Zz-tbmx ˛ Ombm-{K-l-߃c- n\pw

(cmlptIXp °ƒ°v)

_p[≥, i\n, ip{I≥ F∂n-h¿- an{X-ßfpw,

`ua- ktam ˛ IpP≥ ka\pw,

cn]p-h› tijmx ˛ ti-jn-®h i{Xp-°-fp-am-Ip-∂p.

cmlp-tI-Xp-°-fpsS an{X-i{Xp {Kl-߃. _p[≥, ip{I≥, i\n, ˛ an{X-߃.

kqcy≥, N{μ≥, hymgw ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ

IpP≥ ˛ ka≥

(36)

aqtVm f ]n \o-N-cn-]p-tKm f jvS-a-j-Uvhy-b-tÿm

Zpxÿx kvartXm `hXn kpÿ CXo-X-c- ymXv

Nt{μ hybm-b-X-\p-j-Svkp-X-Im-a-kwtÿ

tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy.

{Kl߃ ZpÿnXcmIp∂sXt∏mƒ

aqV ˛ auVy-ap≈ {Klw-,

\o-N- ˛ Xs‚ \oN-cm-in-bn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw,

cn-]p-K ˛ Xs‚ i{Xp-t£-{X-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw,

A-jvS-a- jUv hybÿ ˛ F´v, Bdv, ]{¥- v `mh-ß-fn¬

\n¬°p-∂- {Kl-߃,

Zpxÿx `hXn kvarX ˛ Chsc√mw Zpÿn-X-sc-∂-dn-bpI.

kpÿ CXn CX-cx kymXv ˛ a‰p {Kl-ß-sf√mw kpÿ-cpw

B-Ip∂p.

ÿnXnsIm- v {]XnIqeamIp∂ {Kl߃ 1. auVyw:

kqcys‚ ASpØv Hcp {]tXyI]cn[n°p≈nseØptºmgmWv {Kl߃°p

auVyw F∂ _e°pdhv D- mIp∂Xv.

N{μ≥ -˛ 12T IpP≥ ˛ 17T _p[≥ 14T

hymgw ˛ 11T ip{I≥ ˛ 10T i\n 16T

kqcys‚ 17T Un{Kn ]cn[n°p≈n¬ (kqcys‚ A∏pdhpw C∏pdhpw) IpP\p auVyap- v.

CXpt]mse a‰p≈h¿°pw Ah¿°p t\sc ]d™ ]cn[n°p≈n¬ auVyap- v. IpP≥,

_p[≥, ip{I≥ F∂o aq∂p {Kl߃ h{IØn emsW ¶n¬ sNdnb

hyXymkap≈Xmbpw ImWp∂p. h{IØnemsW¶n¬ IpP\pw ip{I\pw 8T hscbpw

_[\p 12T hscbpw kqcys‚ ASpØp sN√mw. Kpcphn \pw i\n°pw Cu hyXykw

ImWp∂n√. N{μ\pw kqcys‚ 12 Un{Kn ]cn[n°p≈n¬ _e°pdhp- v. F¶nepw AXp

]£_eØns‚ IW°n¬ hcp∂Xn\m¬ auVyØn\p thsd _e°pdhv FSp°mdn√.

 52

2. \oNÿnXn:

A≤ymbw t«mIw ¬ {KlßfpsS \oNÿm\߃ ]d™n´p- t√m. B

ÿm\ßfpsS (tcJmwißfpsS) A∏pdØpw C∏pdØpw GItZiw 15T hsc

\oNØns‚ tZmjw ImWpw. {Klkv^pShpw \oNÿm\hpw XΩnep≈ ASp∏hpw

AI¬®bpw {Kl_esØ B\p]mXnIambn _m[n°p∂p.

3. i{Xpt£{XÿnXn:

A≤ymbw t«mIw ]d™n´p≈ {KlßfpsS an{X˛i{Xp_‘wXs∂bmWv

CXn\Snÿm\w. N{μ\v i{Xp°fn√mØ Xn\m¬ N{μs‚ t£{Xamb I¿°SIw

B¿°pw i{Xpt£{Xa√. F∂m¬ _p[s\ kw_‘n®nStØmfw N{μ≥ i{XphmI

bm¬ _p[t£{Xßfmb anYp\hpw I∂nbpw N{μ\p i{Xpt£{XßfpamWv.

(BYntXbs‚ at\m `mhamWv {][m\sa∂¿∞w).

4. Zpÿm\ÿnXn:

^eZo]nI A\pkcn®v 6- 8˛12 `mh-ß-ƒ Zpÿm\ßfpw AhnsS \n¬°p∂

ip`{Kl߃ Xo¿Øpw Zp¿∫ecpamWv. PmXIN{μnI A\pkcn®v 3˛6˛11 ÿm\ßfpw

Zpÿm\ßfmWv. H∂pIqSn hy‡ambn ]dbpIbmsW¶n¬ 3˛6˛11 `mhßfn¬ kqcy≥,

IqP≥, i\n, cmlp, tIXp F∂o ]m]∑-m¿ A\pIqe^ew \¬Ipw. F´n¬ _p[\pw

ip{I\pw ]{¥- n¬ ip{I≥am{XhpamWv. A\pIqeambn hcp∂Xv.

ÿnXnsIm- v A\pIqeamIp∂ {Kl߃

ta¬∏d™ \mep XcØn¬s∏´ {Kl-߃ Zpxÿ-cpw (ÿn-Xn-sIm- v A\p-Iq-e-a-

√mØ-hbpw) ^e-Zm-\-hn-j-b-Øn¬ {]Xn-Iq-e-hp-amWv. A√m-Øh (AXm-bXv Cu tZmj-

߃ C√m-Øh) kpÿcpw AXp-Im-cWw A-\p-Iq-e-cpw BIp-∂p. H∂pIqSn

hy‡am°pIbmsW¶n¬ tZmjßsfm∂p ans√¶n¬ hn]coX^ew D- mIpIbn√

Ft∂bp≈q. ip`^eap- mIW sa¶n¬ D®w aqe{XtImWw, kzt£{Xw, an{Xt£{Xw

XpSßnb A\pIqecminIfnep≈ ÿnXn BhiyamWv.

N{μ\pw thentb‰hpw ....Nt{μ hybm-b-X-\p-j-Svkp-X-Im-a-kwtÿ

tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy.

Nt{μ ˛ N{μ≥

hyb ˛ 12

Bb ˛ 11 -

X-\p ˛ 1-

j-Sv ˛ 6

kp-X- ˛ 5

Im-a ˛ 7 (F∂o ÿm\ßfn¬)

kwtÿ ˛ \n∂m¬

tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy...˛ hr≤nImcyØn¬ Pehr≤n ]dbWw.

kwKXn H‰ hcnbn¬ HXp°nbt∏mgp- mb Ahy‡XImcWamImw ]ecpw ]e

XcØnemWv CXp hymJym\n®ncn°p∂Xv.

 53

(1) “thentb‰w D- m°pw ” F∂p \mWp]n≈ Bim≥.

(2) CXnt\mSp tbmPn®psIm- v sNdph≈n “tcmK£bmZn hnjb߃°v

thentb‰wKpWas√∂pw CXpsIm- v AdnbpIbpw thWw.” F∂p IqSn tN¿Øncn

°p∂p.

(3) “If there be a query whether water in a reservoir ( or in an irrigation project) will increase or decrease, increase in water should be predicted if the Moon be in the 12th, 11th, 1st, 6th, 5th or the 7th house at the time of the qyery”. -- G.S.Kapoor

PmXI^ehpambn _‘s∏SpØmhp∂ GtXm Hcp kwlnXm\nbaw kqNn∏n

°pI am{XamWv at{¥izc≥ ChnsS sNbvXn´p≈Xv. AXv GXmsW∂v Is- Ønbmte

Cu {]iv\Øns\mcp ]cnlmcamIq.

(37)

A¥- m-c-k-ap-∂-X-{Zp-ccptWm h√o kntXμq kvarXu

Kp¬ax tIXp-c-ln› I- -I-\Ku `uam¿°Pu Io¿ØnXu

hmKo-i- -^-temf^-ex -i-in-kptXm £oc-{]-kq-\-{Zpau

ipt{I-μq-hn-[p-tcm-j-[o-»-\n-c-km-cm-Km› kme-{Zp-ax.

hr£-mZn Im-c-IXzw A¥- m-c- k-ap-∂-X -{Zp- AcptWm ˛ kqcy\v ImX-ep≈ h∑-c-߃,

h√o kntXμq kvarXu ˛ ip{I\pw N{μ\pw eX-Iƒ,

Kp¬ax tIXp- Aln N ˛ cmlphpwtIXphpw ]p¬s°mSnIƒ,

I- -I-\Ku `uam¿°Pu ˛ IpP\pw i\nbpw ap≈p≈ ac-߃,

hmKo-i- k-^-tem ˛ hymgw Imbv°p∂ hr£-߃,

A- -te i-in-kptXm ˛ _p[≥ Imbv°mØ acßfptSbpw,

£oc-{]-kq-\-{Zpau ipt{I-μq- ˛ ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃

ip{I\pw, N{μ\pw,

hn-[p Hm-j-[o- ˛ N{μ≥ Huj[nIƒ,

i\n- A-km-cm-Km› kme-{Zp-ax ˛ i\nImXen√mØ acßfpw,]\Ifpw.

]´nI 1. kqcy≥ ˛ ImX-ep≈ h∑-c-߃,

2. N{μ≥ ˛ eX-Iƒ, ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃,

Huj[nIƒ

3. IpP≥ ˛ ap≈p≈ ac-߃

4. _p[≥ ˛ Imbv°mØ ac߃

5. hymgw ˛ Imbv°p∂ hr£-߃

6. ip{I≥ ˛ eX-Iƒ, ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃

7. i\n ˛ ap≈p≈ ac-߃, ImXen√mØ ac߃,

]\Iƒ

8. cmlp ˛ ]p¬s°mSnIƒ

9. tIXp ˛ ]p¬s°mSnIƒ

54 

A≤ymbw 3

h¿§ßfpw Awißfpw

hnjbhnhcw t«mIw

1 Zi-h¿§w, h¿t§m-Øaw

2 k]vX-h¿§w, jUz¿§w,

\hmw-i^ew

3 h¿§-_ew,

_memZn AhÿIƒ

Zih¿§w hnhcWw 4 tlmc, t{Z°mWw, ZzmZ-imwiw, {Xnwimw-iw, \hmwiw

5 jjvSywiw,

6 k]vXmwiw, Zimwiw, Iemwiw

7 {XtbmZih¿§w, DØamwiw XpSßnbh

^e`mKw 8, 9 DØamwimZn ^ew

10 Zih¿§^ew,

_memZn Ah-ÿm-^ew

11 jUz¿§^ew

12 tlmcm^ew

e·Øn\pw N{μ\pw _eaps- ¶n¬ ^ew

{Xnwimwi^ew

{]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿIƒ

13, 14 t{Z°mWkzcq]w, ^ew

15 t{Z°mW˛{Xnwimwi˛ZzmZimwi˛tlmcm\mY^e߃

16 e·kwtim[\w

17 N{μÿnXn^ew, {XnwimwiÿnXn^ew

18,19 {]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿIƒ

20 {]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿm^ew

 55

h¿§_ew {Kl߃ XßfpsS Imc-I-Xzhpw `mhm-[n-]-Xyhpw A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^ew Xcp-∂Xv

Ah-cpsS Zi, A]-lmcw XpS-ßnb Ime-b-f-hp-I-fn-em-Wv. Cßs\ Ah \¬Ip∂ ^e-

ß-fpsS IpSpX¬°pdhpIƒ Adnbp-∂-Xn-\mWv {Kl-_ew IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. AXmbXv

_ew A\p-k-cn-®mWv {Kl߃ -^ew \¬Ip-I. _e-an-s√-¶n¬ ^ehp-an-√. _ew IqSpw-

tXmdpw ^e-Zm-\-ti-jnbpw IqSn hcpw. {Kl߃ (DZm: e·m[n]≥) GsX¶nepw

hn[Øn¬ A\pIqeambm¬ am{Xw t]mcm, Bhiyamb _ew IqSn Ds- ¶nte

Ahbv°p t`Zs∏´ ^ew \¬Im\mIq.

_ew Adn-bp-∂-Xn\v ]e coXn-Iƒ \ne-hn-ep-- v. ChnsS BZyw ]d-bp-∂Xv h¿§-

_-esØ°pdn-®m-Wv. h¿§_ew ImWp ∂Xn\v jUvh¿§w, k]vXh¿§w, Zih¿§w,

tjmUih¿§w F∂nßs\ ]e h¿§ßƒ \nehnep- v. _ew ImWp∂Xn \pam{Xa√

^e{]hN\Øn\pw Ch D]tbmKn°mdp- v.

(1)

t£{X- {Xn-`m-K- \-h-`m-K -Z-imw-i- tlm-cm˛

{Xnwimw-i- k-]vX-e-h -j-jvSn-ehmx Iemwimx

tX ZzmZ-imw-i-k-lnXm Zi-h¿§-kw⁄m

h¿t§m-Øtam \nP-\ntP `ht\ \hmw-ix.

Hcp cminbpsS 30 Un{Knsb 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 16, 30, 60 F∂nßs\ ]Øp

hn[Øn¬ `mKn®p ]Øp h¿§ßfm°n b XmWv Zih¿§w.

Zi-h¿§w

1. t£{Xw ˛ cmin

2. {Xn`mKw ˛ t{Z°m-Ww

3. \h-`mKw ˛ \hmw-iw

4. Zimw-iw

5. tlmcm

6. {Xnwimwiw

7. k]vXeh ˛ k]vXmwiw

8. jjvSnehm ˛ jjvSywiw

9. Iemwiw ˛ tjmU-imwiw

10. ZzmZ-imwiw

Zih¿§w ]´nI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

cmin tlmc t{Z°m-W k]vXmw \hmw-i Zimw-i ZzmZ-im Iemwi {Xnwimw jjvSywi

30/1 30/2 30/3 30/7 30/9 30/10 30/12 30/16 30/30 30/60

30T 15T 10T 4T˛17’˛18 3T˛20’ 3T 2T˛30’ 1T˛52’˛30” 1T 1/2T

 56

h¿t§m-Øaw h¿t§m-Øtam \nP-\ntP `ht\ \hmw-ix

˛ {Klw \n¬°p∂ cmin-bn¬ Xs∂ Awin- °p-∂-XmWv h¿t§m-Øaw.

cminbn¬ CS-h-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ \hmw-i-Ønepw CS-h-Øn¬Xs∂

\n∂m¬ AXp h¿t§m-Ø-a-am-bn. h¿t§m-Ø-aap≈ {Kl-Øn\p _ew D- v.

(2)

Zimw-ijjv-SywiIemw-i-lo-\m˛

kvtX k]vX-h¿§m› hnk-]vX-amwimx

jUz¿§-kw-⁄m-kvXzY cmin-`m-h˛

Xpeyw \hmw-iky ^ew ln tINn-Xv.

k]vX-h¿§w Zimw-i jjv-Sywi Iemw-i- lo-\mx tX k]vX-h¿§mx

˛ Zi-h¿§-Øn¬ Zimw-iw, jjvSyw-iw, Iemwiw Ch-sbm-gn-®p-≈Xv k]vX-h¿§w.

jUz¿§w hnk-]vX-amwimx jUz¿§-kw-⁄m-x

˛ k]vX-h¿§-Øn¬ \n∂v k]vXmwiw Hgn-®p-≈Xv jUz¿§w.

hnhn[h¿§ßƒ:

Zih¿§w k]vXh¿§w jUv h¿§w 1. cmin 1. cmin 1. cmin

2. tlmc 2. tlmc 2. tlmc

3. t{Z°mWw 3. t{Z°mWw 3. t{Z°mWw

4. k]vXmwiw 4. k]vXmwiw ....

5. \hmwiw 5. \hmwiw 4. \hmwiw

6. Zimwiw .... ....

7. ZzmZimwiw 6. ZzmZimwiw 5. ZzmZimwiw

9. Iemwiw .... ...

9. {Xnwimw 7. {Xnwimw 6. {Xnwimwiw

10. jjvSywiw .... ....

\hmw-i^ew cmin-`m-hXpeyw \hmw-iky ^ew ln tINn-Xv

˛ \hmw-i-Øn\v cmin°p Xpeyamb -{]m-[m-\y-aps- ∂mWv Nne-cpsS A`n-{]m-bw.

km[m-cW Hcp Xe-°p-dnbn¬ {Kl-ß-fpsS cminÿnXnbpw \hmw-i-ÿn-Xnbpw

sImSp-Øncn°pw. Ch c- pw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXm¬ {Kl-_-e-Øns‚ Hcp GI-tZicq]w

In´pw F∂mWp hnizmkw. \hmwiw cmin-tb-°mfpw kq£vaamb `mK-am-b-Xn-\m¬

\hmwiÿnXn°v cmin-ÿn-Xn-tb-°mƒ {]m[m-\y-aps- ∂pw Nne¿°`n{]mbap- v. DZm-

l-c-W-Øn\v, Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ ip{Is‚ cmin-ÿnXn \oN-Ønepw \hmw-i-ÿnXn D®-Øn-

ep-am-Wv. D®-Ønse ^ew ]d-bWsa-∂mWv PmX-I-]m-cn-Pm-Xhpw am\-km-K-cnbpw ]d-bp-

 57

∂-Xv. F∂m¬ A\p-`-h-Øn¬ D®-Øns‚ sa®tam \oN-Øns‚ tZmjtam ImWp∂n√.

^ew icm-i-cn-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂p. AXmbXv \hmwiØnse \√ ÿnXnsIm- p

am{Xambn√: {Kl_ewIqSn D- mIWsa∂mWv A\p`hw.

(3)

t£t{Xjp ]q¿Æ-apZnXw ^e-a\y h¿t§-˛

jz¿≤w Iem-Z-i-a-j-jvSn-e-thjp ]mZw

_mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv˛

`mssKx {Iam-ZypPn hn]-cy-ban-Xy-h-ÿm.

h¿§-_ew t£t{Xjp ]q¿Æ-w D-ZnXw ˛ cmin-bn¬ ]q¿Æ^ew- ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

^ew A\y h¿t§jp A¿≤w ˛ a‰p h¿§-ßfn¬ ]Ip-Xn ^ew.

Iem -Z-i-a -j-jvSn -e-thjp ]mZw ˛ Iemwiw, Zimw-iw, jjvSywiw

Ch-bn¬ Im¬ ^ew.

h¿§hpw _ehpw: cmin ˛ apgph≥,

tlmc, t{Z°m-Ww, k]vXmwiw,

\hmw-iw, ZzmZ-imwiw, {Xnwimwi ˛ ]IpXn,

Zimw-i Iemwiw jjvSywiw ˛ Im¬,

_memZn AhÿIƒ

_mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv`mssKx {Iam-Xv AbpPn

˛ _meyw, Iuam-cw, buh-\w, hm¿≤Iyw, acWw Cu {Ia-Øn¬ HmP-cm-in-bn¬

Bdp `mKIƒ hoXap≈ A©v AhÿIfp- v

hn]-cy-ban-Xy-h-ÿm

˛ bp‹-cm-in°p ac-Ww, hm¿≤Iyw, buh-\w, Iuam-cw, _meyw Cu {Ia-ØnemWv

Ah-ÿ-I-ƒ hcp-∂-Xv.

(4)

t£{X-kym¿≤w ln tlmcm- Xz-bpPn chn-kp-[mw˛

tizm -ta -hy-kvX-ta-XXv

t{Z°mtWimkv{Xn-`m-ssK-kvX-\p-kp-X-ip-`]m

ZzmZimw-ikvXp e·mXv

`uam¿°o-Uy⁄ip{Imx iinP ka-ehm

tlymPt` bp‹t` XZv

hykvXw {Xnwimw-i-\mYmx {Inb-a-I-c-Xpem˛

I¿°-SmZym \hmw-imx.

(5)

b⁄w cXv\- P\w [\w \b-]Sw cq]w ebw tNSn\w

tlmcm tbmK-Jew _ew `K-in-Jm-[q-en¿∂hw {]kz\w

em`w hniz-Znhw [hw cW-[aw jjvSyw-i-Im-t›m-Pt`

{IqcmJymx kat` hn]-cy-b-anZw tijmkvXp kuaym-lz-bmx.

 58

(6)

kzmXv k]vXmw-i-Z-imw-iIu Xp hnjta

bpt‹ Xp Imam-NvOp- mXv

kzm[o-im› Iemw-i]m hn[n-l-co˛

im¿°m- -a¿t£ f \yYm

JymssXx tImW-bp-ssX-kv{Xn-tIm-W-`-h\

kz¿t£m®-tI-t{μm-Ø-ssa¿˛

h¿§m-x k]vX-Zi -{X-tbm-Z-ianXm

h¿§mx {]ZnjvSmx ]ssc.

Zih¿§hnhcWw

1. cmin taSw XpSßnbh

cmin\mY∑-m¿ : `uax ip{I.... (1˛6)

2. tlmc t£{X-ky A¿≤w tlmcm- ˛ cminsb c- mbn ]Ip-ØXp tlmc.

tlmcm-\m-Y-∑m¿:

A-bpPn chn, -kp-[mwip ˛ HmPcm-in-bn¬ BZy-tlmc kqcy-s‚bpw

c- m-asØ tlmc N{μs‚bpw.

kta.- hy-kvX-ta-X¬ ˛ bp‹cm-in-bn¬ BZy-tlmc N{μs‚bpw

c- m-asØ tlmc kqcy-s‚bpw BIp-∂p.

3. t{Z°mWw t{Z°mtWimx {Xn-`m-ssKx- ˛ cminsb aq∂mbn Xncn-®Xp t{Z°mWw.

t{Z°mW\m-Y-∑m¿:

X-\p -kp-X -ip-`]m ˛ e·w, A©v, HºXv F∂o `mhßfpsS

\mY∑-m¿.

4. ZzmZ-imwiw ZzmZimw-ikvXp e·m¬ ˛ cminsb ]{¥-- mbn Xncn-®Xp

ZzmZ-imwiw.

ZzmZimwi\mY∑m¿:

{Klw \n¬°p∂ cminapX¬°p≈ 12 cminIfmWv ZzmZimwiw. DZmlcWØn\v

IpP≥ \n¬°p∂Xv taSØn¬. ZzmZimwiw taSwapX¬ ao\whsc. Kpcp \n¬°p∂Xv

NnßØn¬. ZzmZimwiw Nnßw apX¬ I¿°SIw hsc. ZzmZimwi\mY∑m¿ taSw˛Ip,

CShw˛ip F∂ {IaØn¬Xs∂.

5. {Xnwimw-iw Hcp cminsb ap∏-Xmbn Xncn-®Xp {Xnwimw-iIw.

{Xnwimw-iI\mY∑m¿ (A£ckwJybn¬):

`ua A¿°n CuUy ⁄ ip{Imx ˛

IpP≥ i\n, Kpcp, _p[≥, ip{I≥

i in P k a

 59

5 5 8 7 5

ehm ˛ Awi߃

HmPt` ˛ hoXw HmPcminbn¬.

bp‹t` XZvhykvXw ˛ bp‹cminbn¬ CXn\p hn]coXw.

6. \hmwiw Hcp cminsb 3T˛20’ hoXw Hº-Xp `mKßfmbn Xncn-®Xp \hmw-iIw.

{Inb -a-I-c -Xpem I¿°-SmZym \hmw-imx

˛ taSw (tajmZn),

˛ aI-cw (aI-cmZn),

˛ Xpemw, (XpemZn)

˛ I¿°Sw (I¿°ymZn)

˛ XpS-ßn- \hmw-i-I-߃.

tajmZn F∂p ]d-™m¬ ta-SØn\pw AXns‚ {XntImWcmin Iƒ°pw

(Nnßw,- [-\p) Hcpt]mse BsW-∂¿∞w. CXpt]mse a‰p≈hbpw.

1 5 9

1. tajmZn: taSw, Nnßw, [\p

2. aIcmZn CShw, I∂n, aIcw

3. XpemZn anYp\w, Xpemw, Ipw`w

4. I¿°ymZn I¿°Sw hr›nIw ao\w

7. jjvSywiw Hcp cminsb Adp-]-Xmbn `mKn-®Xv jjvSywiw.

jjvSyw-i-Imx Hm-Pt` {IqcmJymx ˛ HmPcm-inbn¬ {Iqc-mwi߃ F∂p

t]cmb jjvSyw-i߃

(A£ckwJybn¬):

b⁄w cXv\ P\w [\w \b- ]Sw cq]w ebw tNSn\w

10 20 80 90 01 11 21 31 61

1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 16

tlmcm tbmK Jew _ew `K in-em [qen \hw {]kkz\w

82 13 23 33 43 53 93 04 24

28 31 32 33 34 35 39 40 42

em`w hniz- Znhw [hw cW [aw

34 44 84 94 25 95

43 44 48 - 49 52 59

kat` hn]-cy-b-anZw ˛ bp‹-cm-in-bn¬ ({Iqcmwi߃) CXn\p hn]-coXambn hcp∂p.

tijmx kuaym-lz-bmx ChnsS ]dbmØh kuayw F∂p t]cp≈hbmIp∂p.

HmPcminbn¬: {Iqcmwi߃ kuaymwi߃

1, 2 3˛7

8˛13 14, 15

 60

16 17˛27

28 29, 30

31˛35 36˛38

39, 40 41

42˛44 45˛47

48˛49 50, 51

52 53˛58

59 60

bp‹cminbn¬: {Iqcmwi߃ kuaymwi߃

.... 1, 2

3˛7 8˛13

14, 15 16

17˛27 28

29, 30 31˛35

36˛38 39˛40

41 42˛44

45˛47 48˛49

50, 51 52

53˛58 59

60

8, 9. k]vXmwihpw. Zimwihpw kzmXv k]vXmw-i- Z-imw-iIu Xp hnjta

˛ k]vXmwiØnepw ZimwiØnepw HmPcminbn¬ AXmXp cmin apX¬,

bpt‹ Xp Imam ip- m¬

˛ bp‹cminbn¬ Ggv, HºXv cminIƒ apX¬.

k]vXmwiw. Zimwiw HmPcminbn¬ AXmXp cminapX¬ AXmXp cminapX¬

bp‹cminbn¬ Ggmw cminapX¬ HºXmwcminapX¬

10. Iemwiw AYhm tjmUimwiw Hcp cminsb ]Xn\mdmbn Xncn®XmWv Iemwiw AYhm tjmUimwiw. {Klw

\n¬°p∂ cminapX¬ XpS¿®bmbnhcp∂ ]Xn\mdpcminIfmWv ]Xn\mdv Awi߃.

Iemw-i]m hn[n- l-co Cui A¿°m-x

-˛ HmP-cm-in-bn¬ {_-“m-hv, hn-jvWp in-h≥, kqcy≥ Cu {Ia-Ønepw

k-a¿t£ A\yYm

˛ bp‹cm-in-bn¬ kqcy≥, inh≥, hnjvWp, {_“mhv F∂ {Ia-ØnepwIemwi

tZhXIƒ Bh¿Øn®p hcp∂p.

 61

a‰p aq∂p hymJym\ßfnepw sImSpØn´p≈ Cu tjmUi h¿§\mYXzw

(hn[olcoim¿°....) sNdph≈nbpsS hymJym\Øn¬ C√.

kzm[oim›, Iemwi]m›captJ˛

jzmZym≤tc›m]Xx

F∂mWv AhnsS sImSpØn´p≈Xv. AXns‚ A¿∞w˛˛ Cu Iemwiw NccminIfn¬ taSw

apXepw ÿnccminbn¬ NnßwapXepw D`bcminbn¬ [\papXepw {IaØmse IW°mt°

- XmWv.

c- p ]mTßfpw tN¿Øp hmbn°ptºmtg \nbaw ]q¿ÆamIp∂p≈p.

{XtbmZih¿§w tImW-bp-ssX-x {Xn-tIm-W-`-h\ kz¿£ D® -tI-{μ- DØ-ah¿§ k-]vX-k-l- {X-tbm-Z-

ianXm h¿§mx {]ZnjvSmx ]tc ˛ k]vX-h¿§ß-fpsS IqsS {Xn-tIm-Ww, aqe{XntImWw,

kz-t£{Xw, -D®w, -tI-{μw, h¿t§m-Øaw- Ch Bdpw IqSn Iq´nbXv {XtbmZih¿§w.

ChnsS sNdph≈n Xs‚ hymJym\Øn¬ aq∂pt«mIßfnembn Xpcy (1/4), hnwi

( 1/20), kn≤ (1/ 24), \£{X (1/27), NXzmcn (1/40), kn≤thZ (1/45) F∂o Bdv

Awi߃IqSn hnhcn°p∂p- v. Zih¿§Øns‚IqsS Cu Bdp h¿§ßƒIqsS

Iq´nbm¬ tjmUih¿§ambn. ^eZo]nIbn¬ tjmUih¿§w ]dbmØ Xn\m¬ Cu

aq∂pt«mI߃ Hgnhm°nbtXm {]£n]vXtam Bhmw.

(7)

h¿§mt\ymPbXp {Xtbm-Zi kplrXv kz¿t£m-®-t`jp {IamZv˛

Zznkv{Xnx ]©N-Xp¿∂-hm-{Zn-h-kp-j-Uvkw-Jymkp h¿ss§ IrXx

{]mlp-t›m-Ø-a-]m-cn-Pm-X-I-YnXu knwlm-k\w tKm]pcw

tNssXy-cm-h-X-tZ-h-tem-I-\ctemImw-i› ]mcm-hXw.

DØamwiw XpSßnbh

{Xtbm-Zi h¿§m≥ tbmPbXp ˛ (PmXIØn¬) {XtbmZih¿§w

IW°m°nbXn¬ {Kl߃°v

kplrXv ˛ an{Xt£{Xw,

kz¿£w ˛ kzt£{Xw,

D®`w ˛ D®t£{Xw,

F∂o ap∂v A\pIqeÿm\ßfnembn

Zzn {Xn ]© N-Xp \-h A-{Zn h-kp- jUv

2, 3, 5, 4, 9, 7, 8, 6

kw-Jymkp h¿ss§x IrXx

˛ F∂nßs\ h¿§ÿnXn In´p∂psh¶n¬ B kwJy A\pkcn®v {Klßfp

sS ÿnXn˛

1. D-Ø-a - ˛ DØ-aw-,

2. ]m-cn-Pm-X - ˛ ]m-cn-Pm-Xw,

3. knwlm-k\ ˛ knwlm-k\w

4. tKm]pc ˛ tKm]pcw

5. sFcm-h-X - ˛ sFcm-h-Xw

 62

6. tZ-h-tem-I- - ˛ tZ-h-tem-Iw

7. \ctemI ˛ \ctemIw

8. ]mcm-hXw. - ˛ ]mcmhXw

F∂o Awißfnembncn°pw.

{XtbmZih¿§Øn¬

In´nb kwJy Awiw

9 sFcmhXw

8 \ctemIw

7 tZhtemIw

6 ]mcmhXw

5 knwlmk\w

4 tKm]pcw

3 ]mcnPmXw

2 DØaw

\ctemIØn\p ]Icw kpctemIw F∂pw hn[n ({_“) temIw F∂pw ]mTt`Zw

ImWp∂p- v. ImcyØn\√msX t]cn\v {]m[m\yw sImSp°Wsa∂p tXm∂p∂n√. AXp

t]mse Nne ]Xn∏pIfn¬ DØasØ ]mcnPmXsa∂pw ]mcnPmXsØ DØasa∂pw

amdn hnfn°pp∂pap- v . AXpw ImcysØ _m[n°p∂n√.

(8)

Bcym-\¬∏-Kp-Wm¿∞-ku-Jy-hn-`-hm≥ bx ]mcn-Pm-Xmw-i-Kx

kzmNmcw hn\-bm-\znXw N \n]pWw bZyp-Ø-amw-ti -ÿnXx

tJtSm tKm]p-c-`m-KKx ip`-aXnw kzt£-{X tKm aμncw

bx knw-lm-k-\tKm \rt]-{μ-Z-bnXw `q]m-e-Xpeyw \cw.

(9)

t{ijvTm-iz-Zzn-]-hm-l-\m-Zn-hn-`hw ]mcm-h-Xm-[n-jvTnXx

k¬Io¿Ønw bZn tZh-tem-I-k-lntXm `qa-WvU-em-[o-izcw

hμyw `q]-Xn-`nx- kp-tc-{μ-k-Z-riw ssXzcm-h-Xmw-i-ÿnXx

kZv`mKyw [\-[m\y]p{X-k-lnXw `q]w hnZ-[ymZv {Klx

DØamwimZn h¿§^ew 1. Bcy A\¬∏-Kp-W A¿∞-ku-Jy-hn-`-hm≥ ]mcn-Pm-Xmw-i-Kx

˛ ]mcnPmXmwiw (3 _nμp): t{ijvT≥, A[nIKpW-hm≥, [\w, kpJw, hn`-h-

߃.

2. kzmNmcw hn\-bm-\znXw \n]pWw DØ-amw-ti -ÿnXx

˛ DØamwiw (2 _nμp) : Xs‚ BNm-c-ß-ƒ A\pjvTn°p∂h≥, hn\-bw,

ss\]p-Wyw.

3. tKm]p-c-`m-KKx ip`-aXnw kzt£-{XtKm aμncw

--˛ tKm]p-cmw-i--w (4 _nμp) : k∑-\- v, kz¥-ambn `qan, ]ip-°ƒ, hoSv.

4. knw-lm-k-\tKm\rt]-{μ-Z-bnXw `q]m-e-Xpeyw \cw

˛ knwlm-k\-\mwi--w (5 _nμp) : cmPm-hn\p {]nb≥, cmPXpey≥.

5. t{ijvTm Aiz- Zn-]- hm-l-\m-Zn-hn-`hw ]mcm-h-Xm-[n-jvTnXx˛

 63

˛ ]mcm-h-Xmw-i--w (6 _nμp) : t{ijvT-amb IpXn-c, B\ apX-emb hml-\-߃

6. k¬Io¿Ønw bZn tZh-tem-I-k-lntXm `qa-WvU-em-[oizcw

˛ tZhtem-Imw-i-I-w (7 _nμp) : ˛ k¬ Io¿Øn, cmPm-hv.

7. hμyw `q]-Xn-`n- p-tc-{μ-k-Z-riw sFcm-h-Xmw-i-ÿnXx

˛ sFcm-h-Xmwiw( 9 _nμp) : cmPm-°-∑m-cm¬°qSn hμn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥,

tZth{μ\p Xpey≥.

8. kZv`mKyw [\-[m\y]p{X-k-lnXw `q]w

˛ \c-tem-Imwiw (8 _nμp) `mKy-hm≥, [\w, -[m\yw, ]p{X-∑m¿ Ch-tbm-Sp-

Iq-Sn-b-h≥, cmPm-hv.

3, 4 hcnIƒ sNdph≈n sImSpØn´p≈Xn\v sNdnsbmcp am‰ap- v. kZv`mKyw [\[m\y]p{XklnXw `q]w hncn©mwiKx

hμyw `q]Xn`nx kptc{μkZriw ssXzcmhXmwiÿnXx.

(10)

bZz¿tKjz-Jn-tejp arXyp-c-_-te-jz-{Xm-Y -ht£y {Iam˛

∂miw ZpxJ-a-\¿∞Xmw N hnkpJw _‘p-{]nbw XZzcw

`qt]jvSw [\n\w \r]w \r]-hcw h¿t§ _en-jvtT- f Jnte

h¿≤[njvWpw kpJn\w \r]w KZ-arXo _mem-Zyhÿm^ew.

Zih¿§^ew h¿t§jp AJntejp ˛ F√m (]Øp) ]¿§ßfnepw

arXyp A_tejp ˛ _eans√¶n¬ acWw

(a‰p h¿§ßfn¬ _eans√¶n¬ {IaØn¬)

9 h¿§Øn¬ _eans√¶n¬ ˛ \miw

8 ,, ,, ˛ ZpJw,

7 ,, ,, ˛ A\¿∞X (A\¿∞߃),

6 ,, ,, ˛ hnkpJw (kpJan√mbva),

5 ,, ,, ˛ _‘p{]nbw (kzP\߃°p th- s∏´h≥)

4 ,, ,, ˛ XZvhcw (kzP\ßfn¬ t{ijvT≥, Xeh≥)

3 ,, ,, ˛ `qt]jvSw (cmPmhn\v CjvSs∏´h≥)

2 ,, ,, ˛ [\n\w ([\nI≥)

1 ,, ,, ˛ \r]w ˛ cmPmhv

h¿t§ _en-jvtS- AJnte ˛ F√m h¿§ßƒ°pw _eaps- ¶n¬

\r]hcw ˛ cmPt{ijvT≥, N{Ih¿Øn.

t«mIw aq∂n¬ ]d™ _memZn Ah-ÿm-^ew

(_mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv`mssKx ....

h¿≤[njvWpw kpJn\w \r]w KZ-arXo _mem-Zyhÿm^ew.)

1. h¿≤njvWpw ˛ h¿≤n-°p-∂-h≥ (_meyw)

2. kpJn\w ˛ kpJ-ap-≈-h≥, (Iuamcw)

3. \r]w ˛ cmPmhv (XmcpWyw)

4. KZw ˛ tcmKw (hm¿≤Iyw)

5. arXn ˛ acWw (arX)

 64

(11)

jUz¿t§jp ip`-{K-lm-[n-I-KpssWx

{ioam≥ NncwPohXn

{Iqcmwti _lpte hne·`ht\

Zot\m f ¬∏-Po-h-»Tx

X∂mYm _ent\m \rt]m- f kvXy-Y- \-hmw-˛

titim ZrKm-tWiztcm

et·ix {Ia-i-x kpJo \r]-kax

t£mWo-]-Xn¿`m-Ky-hm≥.

jUz¿§^ew

PmXIØn¬˛˛

1. jUvh¿t§jp ip`-{K-l A[n-I- KpssWx {ioam≥ Nncw PohXn

˛ e·Øns‚ jUz¿§-ß-fn¬ ip`-{K-l-ßfpsS h¿§amWv A[nIw hcp∂sX¶n¬,

B PmXI≥ [\nI\pw Zo¿Lm-bp- p≈h\pw BIpw.

2. {Iqcmwti _lpte hne-·-`-ht\ Zo\x A¬∏-Po-h-x iTx

˛ e·Øn\p {Iqcmw-i-amWv A[n-Iw hcp∂sX-¶n¬ Zo\≥, A¬∏mbp v, iT≥.

imTyw ˛ hmin, \n¿_‘w

3. X∂mYm _ent\m \rt]m-

˛ e·Øns‚ jUvh¿§\mY-∑m¿ _e-hm-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂m¬ cmPm-hm-Ipw.

4. \-hmw-titim kpJo ˛ \hmw-im-[n-]≥ _e-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂m¬ kpJn.

5. ZrKm-tWiztcm \r]-kax ˛ t{Z°m-Wm-[n-]≥ _e-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂m¬ cmP-Xp-ey≥.

6. et·ix {Ia-i-x kpJo \r]-kax t£mWo-]-Xnx `m-Ky-hm≥.

˛ et·-iz-c≥ _e-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂m¬ {IaØn¬ kpJnbmbpw cmPXpey\mbpw `mKy-

hm-\mb cmPm-hmbpw `hn-°pw.

(12)

HmtP {Iqtc f ¿°-tlmcmw KX-hXn _e-hm≥

{Iqc-hrØn¿[-\mtVym

bpt‹ Nm{μow ipt`jp ZypXn-hn-\-bh-tNm-

lrZyku-`m-Kybp‡x

hykvXw hykvtX f {X ant{i ka-^-e-ap-ZnXw

e·-N{μu _enjvTu

X∂mYu Zzu N XZz-ZyZn `hXn Nncw

PohyZpx-Jo- b-i-kzo.

HmPbp‹cmiywi^ew 1. HmtP - ˛ HmP- cm-in-bn¬

A¿°tlmcmw ˛ kqcy-tlm-c-bn¬ (1˛15T)

{Iqtc ˛ ]m]{Kl߃

KXhXn ˛ \n∂m¬, ^ew

_ehm≥{IqchrØnx[\mVy ˛ i‡≥, {Iqc≥, [\m-Vy≥.

 65

2. bpt‹ Nm{μow ipt`jp ˛ CXpt]mse bp‹-cm-in-bn¬, N{μ-tlm-c

bn¬, kuay-{Klw \n∂m¬

ZypXn- hn-\-b -h-tNm- lr-Zyku-`m-Kybp‡x ˛ Im¥n, hn\-bw, hmIvam-[p-cyw,

ku`m-Kyw.

3. hykvXw hykvtX f {X ˛ CXn\p hn]-co-X-am-bn-cp-∂m¬ hn]-co-X-^ew.

4. ant{i ka-^-ew D-ZnXw ˛ an{i-am-bn-cp-∂m¬ an{i-^-ew.

5. e·-N{μu _enjvTu X∂mYu Zu N XZz-ZyZn `hXn

˛ e·Øn\pw N{μ\pw, AXp-t]mse e·m-[n-]\pw N{μe-·m-[n-]\pw, _eaps-

¶n¬

NncwPohn AZpx-Jo- b-i-kzo

˛ Nncw-Pohnbmbpw ZpxJ-an-√m-Ø-h-\mbpw bi-kzn-bmbpw `hn-°pw.

C\n hcp∂ 13, 14, 15, 16 t«mI߃ sIm√w]Xn∏nen√. sNdph≈nbpsS

hymJym\ Øn¬ Nne hyXymkßtfmsS sImSpØn´pap- v. Chbn¬ BZysØ

aqs∂Æw t{Z°mWßfpsS \maßfpw ^eßfpw \mematØXp KpfnIs\sh®p e·w

icnbm°m\p≈ \nbahpamWv.

(13)

knwlmPmiznXpem\rbp‹`ht\

jz¥ym(1) lbmPmZnamx

a≤yu kv{Xobatbmcnlmbp[`rXx

]mtim f fnat≤ym `thXv

\{ImtZym \nKtfm artK{μLStbm˛

cmtZym hWnMva≤ytam

Kr{≤mtkym hrj`m¥na› hnlKx

I¿IymZn tImem\\w.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: `ht\jz¥ym ˛ aItcjz¥ym

1. Bbp[t{Z°mW߃

knwl AP Aizn Xpem \rbp‹ `ht\jp A¥ym

˛ Nnßw, taSw, [\p, Xpemw, anYp\w Cu cminIfpsS A¥yt{Z°mWßfpw,

lbAPBZnau

˛ [\p,taSw cminIfpsS BZnt{Z°mWßfpw,

a≤yu kv{Xobatbm...

˛ I∂nbptSbpw anYp\Ønt‚bpw a≤yt{Z°mWßfpw

Bbp[`rXx ˛ Bbp[t{Z°mW߃.

2. ]mit{Z°mWw ]mix Afnat≤y `thXv.... Afnat≤y ]miw

˛ hr›nIw a≤yw ]mit{Z°mWw.

3. \nKf t{Z°mWw \{ImtZym \nKtfm ˛ aIcw BZyw: \nKf t{Z°mWw

 66

4. Kr{[mkyt{Z°mW߃

artK{μ LStbm BtZym ˛ Nnßw, Iqw`w ChbpsS BZyw

hWnMv a≤ytbm ˛ Xpemw a≤yw

Kr{[mtkym ˛ Ch Kr{[apJ t{Z°mW߃.

5. hnlKt{Z°mWw hrj`m¥na› hnlKx ˛ CShw A¥yw ]£nt{Z°mWw.

6. tImem\\t{Z°mWw I¿IymZn tImem\\w ˛ I¿°Sw BZyw : tImeapJ (]∂napJ)

t{Z°mWw

(14)

Iu¿]ymZyx I¿ISmt¥ymQjNcaaln›mPtKma[yknwlm˛

Zyfy¥w kym®Xpjv]mZnl ^ea[\{Iqc\nμym Zcn{Zmx

Zzμ¿t£ kyp¿ZrKmssWc[akaip`m\yÿntc tNmXv{ItaW

{]mlpkvX⁄vmx ÿnc¿t£jzip`ip`kamt\yh et·^em\n.

7. k¿∏t{Z°mW߃

Iu¿]ymZyx ˛ hr›nIw BZn

I¿IS At¥ym ˛ I¿°SIw A¥yw,

QjNca ˛ ao\w A¥yw

Alnx N ˛ Ch k¿∏t{Z°mWßfpw

8. NXpjv]mZt{Z°mW߃

AP tKm a[y ˛ taSw, CShw ˛ a≤yw

knwlmZn ˛ Nnßw ˛ BZyw

Afn A¥w ˛ hr›nIw ˛ Ahkm\w

NXpjv]mZv ˛ F∂nh NXpjv]mZt{Z°mWßfpamIp∂p.

10. t{Z°mW^ew Cu t{Z°mW߃ DZn°ptºmƒ P\n®m¬, e·w Cu t{Z°mWßfn¬ hcp∂psh¶n¬,

A[\, {Iqc, \nμym, Zcn{Zmx ˛ [\an√mØh≥, {Iqc≥, \nμy≥, Zcn{Z≥.

Zzμ¿t£ kypx ZrKmssWx A[a ka ip`m\n......

˛ P\\w GXp cminbn¬ GXp t{Z°mWØnemtWm hcp∂Xv AXn\\pkcn®p

ip`˛Aip`˛a≤ya^eßfpw A\p`hs∏Spw.

cmin t{Z°mWw 1 t{Z°mWw 2 t{Z°mWw 3 1. Nccmin DØaw a≤yaw A[aw

2. ÿnccmin A[aw DØaw a≤yaw

3 D`bcmin A[aw a≤yaw DØaw

 67

(15)

t{ZImtWti kzh¿tK ip`JKklntX

tkzm®an{X¿£tK hm

XZzn{Xnwimwi\mtY _ehXn bZn tN˛

ZzmZimwim[nt] hm

tlmcm\mtY XYm tN∂nJneKpWKtWm

\nXyip≤{]hotWm

Zo¿Lmbpx kym±bmhm≥ kpX[\klnXx

Io¿Ønam≥ cmPt`mKx.

t{Z°mtWti

˛ (P\\kabØv DZn°p∂ e·Øns‚) t{Z°mW\mY≥˛˛

1) kzh¿tK ˛ kzh¿§Øntem,

2) ip`JKklntX ˛ ip`{KlßfpsSIqsStbm,

3) tkzm® ˛ D®t£{XØntem

4) an{X¿£tK ˛ an{Xt£{XØntem \n¬°pI;

hm ˛ As√¶n¬

. XZzn{Xnwimwi\mtY _ehXn ....

˛ {Xnwimwi\mYt\m, ZzmZimwi\mYt\m, tlmcm\mYt\m _eap- mbncn°pI;

(F¶n¬ B PmXI≥)

\nJneKpWKtWm ˛ k¿hKpWkº∂≥, \nXyip≤≥,

{]hotWm ˛ {]K¤≥,

Zo¿Lmbpx ˛ Zo¿Lmbp p≈h≥,

Zbmhm≥ ˛ Zbbp≈h≥

kpX[\klnXx ˛ ]p{X∑-mcpw [\hpap≈h≥,

Io¿Ønam≥ ˛ {]ikvX≥

cmPt`mKx ˛ cmPIobamb kpJt`mK߃.

(16)

aμnÿcmin]Xn kwKXk{XntImWw

Xkymwicmin]Xn kwbpXawitImWw

e·w hZ¥n KpfnImwiIcmintImWw

XZzZzn[u _ebptX iinss\h hnZymXv.

1. aμnÿcmin]Xn kwKX k{XntImWw˛ KpfnI`h\m[n]≥ \n¬°p∂ cmintbm

AXns‚ {XntImWßtfm,

2. Xkymwicmin]XnkwbpXawitImWw˛ KpfnIAwim[n]≥\n¬°p∂

cmintbm AXns‚ {XntImWßtfm,

3. KpfnI AwiI cmin tImWw ˛ KpfnI≥ AwiIn® cmintbm AXns‚

{XntImWßtfm,

e·w hZ¥n ˛ PmXIs‚ e·ambncn°pw.

XZzZzn[u _ebptX iin\nss\h hnZymXv.

˛ N{μ\p _eaps- ¶n¬ CXpt]mse

N{μ_‘ap≈ cminbmbpw hcmw.

 68

(17)

Ipcym-Zm-fl-kp-lr-±r-Km-W-K-iio

IeymW-cq]w KpWw

t{ibmw-kyp-Ø-a-h¿§-P-kvXz-]-c-K˛

- kvX-∂m-Y-Pm-Xm≥ KpWm≥

kz{Xnw-imw-i-K-Xm -{Klm hnZ[tX

XXvIm-c-I-tXzm-ZnXw

Xss{XtIm f]n kplrZv{Ktl-£n-X-bpXx

tkzmt® f ¿∞bp‡w \r]w.

N{μÿnXn^ew 1. Ipcym-Zm-fl-kp-lr-±r-Km-W-K-iio IeymW-cq]w KpWw

˛ N{μ≥ Xs‚ _‘p t{Z°m-W-Øn¬ \n¬°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ sFiz-cy-I-c-amb

cq]-tØmSpw KpWtØmSpw IqSn-b-h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.

2. t{ibmw-kyp-Ø-a-h¿§-P-x Xp ˛ h¿t§m-Ø-amw-i-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ t{ib- p-

Iƒ D- m-Ipw. -

3. ]-c-K-x X-∂m-Y -Pm-Xm≥ KpWm≥ ˛ a‰phn[-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ AXmXv `mhm[n-]-

∑m¿s°mØ KpW-߃ sNøpw.

{Xnwimwi^ew 1. kz{Xnw-imw-i-K-X -{Klm hnZ[tX X¬°m-c-I-tXzm-ZnXw

˛ Ah-c-h-cpsS {Xnwim-i-ßsf {]m]n® {Kl-߃ GtXXp Imc-I-Xz-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-

btXm B ^e-߃ \¬Ipw.

2. X{X GIx A]n kplrXv{Kl- Cu£n-X, -kplrXv{Kl bpX, kzDt®

˛ Ch-bn¬ Hcp {Klsa¶nepw an{X-{K-l-Øns‚ ZrjvSn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-tbm an{X-{K-l-

tØm- Sp-Iq-Sn-tbm Xs‚ D®cminØn¬ \n∂m¬

A¿∞bp‡w \r]w ˛ [\n-I-\mb cmPm-hm-bn-Øo-cpw.

(18)

tkzmt® {]Zo]vXx kpJnXkv{XntImtW

kzÿx -kz-tKtl apZn-X- p-lrZvt`

im¥kvXp kuay-{Klh¿§-bp‡x

it‡m atXm- f ku -kv p-S-c-ivan-Pmex

(19)

{Klm-`n-`q-Xx- k- \n-]o-Un-Xx- kymXv

JekvXp ]m]-{Klh¿§-bmXx

kZpx-Jn-X -i-{Xp-Krtl {Ktlt{μm

\otN -f Xn-`otXm hnI-tem- fkvX-bmXx

{]Zo]vXmZn AhÿIƒ 1. tkzmt® {]Zo]vXw ˛ D®Øn¬ {]Zo]vXw,

2. kpJnXx {XntImtW ˛ {XntImWØn¬ kpJnXw,

3. kzÿx -kz-tKtl ˛ kzt£{XØn¬ kzÿw,

4. apZn-X- p-lrZvt` ˛ an{Xt£{XØn¬ apZnXw,

5. im¥kvXp kuay-{Kl h¿§-bp‡x˛ ip`h¿§Øn¬ im¥w,

 69

6. it‡m atXm- kv^p-S-c-ivan-Pmex ˛ ]q¿ÆcivanIfp≈t∏mƒ auVyw XpSßnb

(adhpIƒ C√mØt∏mƒ) i‡w,

7. Klm-`n-`q-Xx- \n-]o-Un-Xx- ˛ bp≤Øn¬tXm‰ {Klw ]oUnXw,

8. Jex]m]-{Klh¿§-bmXx ˛ ]m]h¿§Øn¬ Jew,

9. kZpx-Jn-X -i-{Xp-Krtl ˛ i{Xpt£{XØn¬ ZpJnXw,

10. \otN A-Xn-`otXm ˛ \oNØn¬ `oXw,

11. hnI-tem- AkvX-bmXx ˛ auVyØn¬ hnIew.

(20)

]q¿Æw {]Zo]vXm hnI-emkvXp iq\yw

at≤y- f \p-]m-Xm® ip`w {ItaW

A\p-{I-ta-Wm-ip-`-tah Ipcyp¿-˛

\mam\pcq]mWn ^em\n tXjmw.

{]Zo]vXmZn Ahÿm^ew ]q¿Æw {]Zo]vXm ˛ {]Zo]vXmhÿbn¬ ]q¿Æ^ew.

hnI-emkvXp iq\yw ˛ hnIemhÿbn¬ iq\y^ew

at≤y- A\p-]m-Xm® ip`w {ItaW ˛ CSbnep≈ AhÿIƒ {IaØn¬ ip`hpw

A\p-{I-ta-W Aip-`-tah Ipcyp ˛ Aip`hpw

\mam\pcq]mWn ^em\n tXjmw ˛ AhbpsS t]cpIƒ kqNn°p∂Xpt]mse

sNøp∂p.

{]Zo]vXmZn Ahÿm_ew ÿnXn Ahÿ ^eZm\tijn

1. tkzmt® {]Zo]vXw ˛ D®w {]Zo]vXw + 100 %

2. kpJnX {XntImtW - aqe-{Xn-tImWw kpJnXw + 80 %

3. kzÿx -kz-tKtl ˛ kzt£-{Xw- kzÿw + 75 %

4. apZn-X- p-lrZvt` ˛ an{X-t£-{Xw- apZn-Xw + 60 %

5. im¥kvXp kuay-{Kl ip`h¿§w im¥w + 50 %

6. it‡m atXm-ku.... - ˛ ]q¿Æ-c-ivan- i‡w + 40 %

7. {Klm-`n-`qX \n-]o-Un-X ˛ {Klbp≤-Øn¬

tXm‰ {Klw ]oUn-Xw 0 (iq\yw)

8. JekvXp ]m]-{Kl... ˛ ]m]-h¿§-w Jew ˛˛ 40 %

9. kZpx-Jn-X -i-{Xp-Krtl ˛ i{Xp-t£-{Xw ZpJn-Xw ˛˛ 50 %

10. \otN AXn-`oX ˛ \oN `oXw ˛˛ 60 %

11. hnI-tem- AkvX-bmX ˛ auVy-w hnI-ew ˛˛ 75 %

{]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿm^ew (+ A\pIqew, ˛˛ {]XnIqew):

Cu A≤ymbØns‚ KWnX`mKw, DZmlcWklnXw, A\p_‘w 1-˛¬ sImSpØn´p- v.

70 

A≤ymbw 4

jUv_ew apXembh

hnjbhnhcw

1. jUv _ew

2. Znhcm{Xn_ew

3. ]£_ew

4. h¿j....tlmcm_ew

5. tNjvSm-_ew

6. D®-_ew

7. ZnKv_ew

8. Ab-\-_ew

9. ÿm\-_ew

10. tI{μ_ew

11. t{Z°mW_ew

12 ss\k¿§nI_ew:

13. h{I-_-ehpw civan-_-ehpw

14. {Kl_ew s]mXpsh

15. e·-_ew

16. ÿm\_e{Iaw

17. tI{μ_e{Iaw

18. Zr-jvSn_e{Iaw

19. h¿§_e{Iaw

20. ip`_e{Iaw

21. N{μ-{In-b, N{μmhÿ, N{μ-th-f

22. N{μ-{In-bm^ew

23. N{μm-hÿm^ew

 71

24. N{μ-th-fm-^ew

25. N{μ{Inb apXembhbpsS ta∑-

26 {][m\_e߃

27. ^eZm\Øn\v Hmtcm {KlØn\pw

AXymhiyw D- mbncnt°- _ew

28. `mhm[n]_ew

A\p_‘w : KWnXw

(1)

hocyw jUvhn[-aml Ime-P-_ew

tNjvSm-_ew tkzm®Pw

ZnKzocyw Xzb-t\m-¤hw Znhn-jZmw

ÿmt\m-Zv`hw N {IamXv

\niym-tc-μz-knXmx(1) ]tc -Zn-hn- kZm

⁄x ip¢-]t£ ip`mx

IrjvtWft\y N \nPm-_vZ-am-k-Zn-\-tlm˛-

cmkzmw-{Ln-hr≤ym {IamXv.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw: knX ˛ ip{I≥

1. jUv_ew ZnhnjZmw ˛ {Kl߃°v

hocyw jUvhn[-aml ˛ _ew Bdphn[w

{IamXv ˛ {IaØn¬:

Ime-P-_ew - ˛ Ime-_-ew (1)

tNjvSm _ew ˛ tNjvSm-_ew (2)

tkzm®Pw ˛ D®-_-ew (3)

ZnIv hocyw ˛ ZnKv_-ew (4)

Ab-t\m-¤hw ˛ Ab-\-_-ew (5)

ÿmt\m¤hw ˛ ÿm\-_ew (6)

tlmcmimkv{XØn¬ A©p {Kl_eßsf°pdn®p ]dbp∂Xv sa®s∏SpØep

Iƒ°p hnt[bambn ^e Zo]nIbn¬ FØnbt∏mƒ Bdp _eßfmbn. C∂p

{]NmcØnep≈ coXnbnepw Bdp _eßfmWv f≈Xv. ]t£, hniZmwißfn¬

hyXymkap- v.

tlmcmimkv{XØn¬ ^eZo]nIbn¬ C∂sØ coXn ÿm\_ew, ÿm\_ew ÿm\_ew

ZnKv_ew, ZnKv_ew ZnKv_ew

tNjvSm_ew, tNjvSm_ew, tNjvSm_ew

Ime_ew, Ime_ew, Ime_ew

ss\k¿§nI_ew .... ss\k¿§nI_ew

Ab\_ew, ....

D®_ew, ....

. ZrIv_ew

 72

]pXnb coXn{]Imcw ÿm\_eØn¬ D®_ew, k]vX h¿§P_ew, HmPbp‹

cmiywi_ew, tI{μ_ew, t{Z°mW_ew F∂nßs\ A©p _eßfpw Ime_e

Øn¬ \tXm∂X_ew, ]£_ew, {Xn`mK_ew, A_vZ_ew, amk_ew, hmc_ew,

tlmcm_ew, Ab\_ew, bp≤ _ew F∂nßs\ F´p _eßfpw ASßnbncn°p∂p.

C∂p s]mXpsh {]Nmc Ønep≈ Cu coXn A\pkcn®mWv Cu A≤ymbØns‚

A\p_‘Øn¬ IW°psNbvXv DZmlcW PmXIØnse {Klß fpsS jUv_ew

I- n´p ≈Xv.

2. Znhcm{Xn_ew (\tXm∂X_ew) kZm ⁄x ˛ _p[\v F√mbvt∏mgpw

\nin B-c- Cμzp A-knXmx ˛ IpP≥, N{μ≥, i\n F∂nh¿°p cm{Xnbnepw

]tc Znhn ˛ a‰p≈h¿°p (chn, Kpcp, ip{I≥) ]Iepw

(Cu _ew e`n°p∂p)

3. ]£_ew ip¢-]t£ ip`mx ˛ shfpØ ]£-Øn¬ ip`-{K-l-߃°pw,

IrjvtW At\y N ˛ IdpØ ]£-Øn¬ ]m]{K-l-߃°pw

_e-ap- v.

4. h¿j˛amk˛Znhk˛tlmcm[n] _ew \nPA_vZ-am-k-Zn-\-tlmcm ˛ Xß-fpsS h¿jw, amkw, Znh-kw, tlmc

F∂-nh-I-fnepw (h¿jm-[n-]≥,amkm-[n-]≥,

Znh-km-[n-]≥, tlmcm-[n-]≥ F∂n-h¿°pw)

Aw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬ ˛ ]mZ-{I-a-Øn¬ (Ime-_-e-ap-- v.)

_ew: h¿jm-[n-]≥

amkm-[n-]≥

Znh-km-[n-]≥

tlmcm-[n-]≥

1/4

1/2

3/4 1

15 30 45 60 jjvSywiw:

{Kl_ew IW°m°p∂Xv. cq]bnemWv (60 jjvSywiw = 1 cq])

(2)

cmIm-N-{μky tNjvSm-_-e-ap-Z-K-bt\

`mkztXm h{I-Km\mw

bpt≤ tNmZ-Ivÿn-Xm\mw kv^pS-_-lp-e-cpNmw

tkzm®-ho-cyw kzXpwtK

ZnKzocyw tJ f ¿°-`uau kplrZn iin-knXu

hnZvKpcq e·-Ku- tN˛

∑tμ f kvtX bmayam¿t§ _p[-i-\n-i-int\m f ˛ t\y f b-\mtJy ]c-kvan≥.

5. tNjvSm_ew 1. cmIm N-{μky ˛ N{μ\p shfpØhmhn\pw,

2. DZ-K-bt\ `mkztXm ˛ kqcy-\v DØcm-bWØnepw,

3. h{I-Km\mw ˛ a‰p {Kl-߃°p h{I-Ønepw,

 73

4. bpt≤ DZ-Iv ÿn-Xm\mw ˛ {Kl-bp-≤-Øn¬ hS-°p-≈-hbv°pw,

5. kv^pS-_-lp-e-cpNnw ˛ ip≤civanIƒ A[nIw D≈ {Kl߃v°pw

(tNjvSm-_-e-ap-- v.)

kqcys‚ tNjvSm_ew Ab\_eØnepw N{μs‚ tNjvSm _ew ]£_e

Ønhpw A¥¿§XamWv. IpP≥, _p[≥, hymgw, ip{I≥, i\n F∂o Xmcm{Kl߃°p

tNjvSm_ew hcp∂Xv h{IKXnbn emWv. C∂sØ coXn A\pkcn®v ]£_ew, Ab\

_ew, bp≤ _ew F∂nh Ime_eØnepw h{I_ew tNjvSm_eØnepw hcp∂p.

6. D®-_ew tkzm®-ho-cyw kzXpwtK -˛ kz¥w D®-cm-in-bn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-Øn\v

D®-_ew D- v.

7. ZnKv_ew tJ A¿°-`uau ˛ ]Øn¬ kqcy\pw IpP-\pw

kplrZn iin-knXu ˛ \men¬ N{μ\pw ip{I\pw

hnZvKpcq e·-Ku- ˛ e·-Øn¬ _p[\pw Kpcphpw

atμm AkvtX ˛ Ggn¬ i\n°pw

ZnKzocyw ˛ ZnIv_ew (D- v.)

ZnKv_ew: `mhw 10 4 1 7

{Klw cIp Nip _pKp a

8. Ab-\-_ew bmayam¿t§ ˛ Z£n-Wm-b-\-Øn¬

_p[-i-\n-i-int\m ˛ _p[\pw -i-\nbpw N{μ\pw,

At\yAb-\mtJy ˛ D-Ø-cm-b-\-Øn-¬

]c-kvan≥ ˛ a‰p{Kl-߃°pw (c,Ip,Kp,ip)

Ab-\-_-e-ap-- v.

(3)

tkzm®- kz¿£- kp-lr-ZvKrtljp _en\x

jSvkp kzh¿t§jp hm

t{]m‡w ÿm\-_ew NXp-jvS-b-ap-JmXv

]q¿Æm¿≤]mZmx {Iam¬

a≤ym-Zy-¥K jWvU-a¿Xy-h-\nXmx tJSm

_enjvTmx {IamXv

aμm-c-⁄-Kp-cq-it\m f _vPc-htbm

ss\tP _te h¿≤\mx.

 74

9. ÿm\ _ew tkzm®w- ˛ kz¥w D®cmin,

kz¿£w -˛ kzt£-{Xw,

kp-lrZv Kr-tljp ˛ an{X-t£-{X-w

_en\xjSvkpkzh¿t§jp ˛ jUz¿§Ønse

kzh¿§-߃ (Chbn¬)

t{]m‡w ÿm\-_ew ˛ ÿm\-_ew ]d-bp∂p.

10. tI{μ_ew NXp-jvS-b-ap-Jm¬ ˛ tIμw XpSßnbhbv°p

]q¿Æm¿≤]mZmx {Iam¬ ˛ ]q¿Æw, A¿≤w, ]mZw

F∂ {IaØn¬ _ewIn´p∂p.

tI{μØn¬ (1-˛4-˛7-˛10) ]q¿Æ-_ehpw,

]W-]cØn¬ (2˛5-˛8-˛11) ]IpXn-_ehpw,

Bt]m¢naØn¬ (3-˛6-˛9-˛12) Im¬_ehpw

ÿnXn A\p-k-cn®v {Kl-߃°p ÿm\-_ew In´pw.

11. t{Z°mW_ew a≤yB-ZyA-¥K ˛ (cmin-bpsS) a≤y B-Zy

A-¥y `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂m¬

jWvU- tJSm _enjvTm ˛ \]pw-k-I

a¿Xy ˛ ]pcpj

h-\nXm ˛ kv{Xo {Kl-߃

_e-ap-≈-h-bm-Ip-∂p.

a≤yw BZyw A¥yw \]pwk ]pcpj kv{Xo (tlmc 2˛6)

_p, a c, Ip, Kp N, ip (DZmlcWw 5(5) )

ss\k¿§nI_ew

aμm- Bc- ⁄- Kp-cp D-it\m A_vP- c-htbm

˛ i\n, IpP≥, _p[≥, Kpcp, ip{I≥, N{μ≥, kqcy≥ F∂o {Kl߃°v

ss\tP _te h¿≤-\m ˛ (Cu) {Ia-Øn-¬ \nk¿§-_ew h¿≤n®p hcp-∂-p.

\nk¿§_ew: {Klw a Ip _p Kp ip N c

_ew 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

(_ew G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ kqcy\v, G‰hpw Ipd-hv i\n°v)

(4)

h{Iw KtXm cpNn-ccivan kaq-l-]q¿tÆm

\o-Nmcn`mwi-k-ln-tXm f ]n `th-’- tJSx

hocym-\znX-kvXp-ln-\-c-ivan-cn-thm-®-an-{X˛

kzt£-{X-tKm f]n hn_tem lX-Zo-[n-Xn-t›Xv.

 75

13. h{I-_-ehpw civan-_-ehpw

(1) Hcp {Klw \n¬°p∂X-v ˛˛

h{IwKtXm - ˛ h{I-Øntem

cpNn-c-civankaq-l-]q¿tÆm -˛ ]q¿Æ-c-ivan-I-tfm-sStbm BsW-¶n¬,

\o-Nmcn`mwi-k-ln-tXm A]n ˛ (AXp) \oN-t£-{X-Øntem, i{Xp-t£-{X

-Øntem (CuAwißfntem)

Bbncp∂mepw

tJSx ˛ B {Klw

hocym\znX `th-Xv ˛ _e-ap≈Xmbncn-°pw.

(2) Hcp {Klw˛˛

Xp-ln-\-c-ivan-x Ch ˛ (IdpØ ]£Ønse) N{μs\t∏mse

lX-Zo-[n-Xn-x tNXv ˛ ad™ civantbmSp IqSnbXm sW¶n¬

D-®-an-{Xkzt£-{XKx A-]n ˛ (AXv) D®-Øntem an{X-t£-{X-Øntem

kzt£-{X-Øntem \n∂mepw

hn_eo ˛ Zp¿∫e\mbncn°pw.

(5)

XpwKÿm _en-t\m f - Jn-em›

iin\x «mLyw ln ]t£m-Zv`hw

`mt\m¿±n-Kv_-e-am-l- h-{I-K-at\

Xmcm-{K-lmWmw _ew

I¿Iyp£mP-L-Sm-fn-tKm- f ln-˛

c-_-emt¥ym-£m-izn-]m-›m-XyKx

tIXp-kvX-Xv]-cn-th-j[\zkp- _eo

- tN-μz¿°-tbmtK \nin.

14. {Kl_ew (s]mXpsh) 1. XpwKÿm _en-\x A-Jn-emx -˛ D®-Øn¬ F√m {Kl-ßfpw _ehm∑-mWv.

2. iin\x«mLyw ]t£m-¤hw ˛ N{μ\p ]£-_-ehpw

`mt\mx ZnKv_-ew ˛ kqcy\p ZnKv_-ehpw

Xmcm-{K-lmWmw _ew h-{I-K-at\ a‰p {Kl-߃°p h{I_ehpw

({][m\amWv.)

3. Aln ˛ cmlp

I¿°n D£ AP- L-S Afn -tKm- ˛ I¿°Sw, CShw, taSw, Ipw`w hr›nIw

cminIfnepw

tIXpx ˛ tIXp

A_-e A¥y- D£ Aizn- ]m-›m-XyKx ˛ I∂n, ao\w, CShw,

[\p c- mw]IpXn Chbnepw

]-cn-th-j [\zkp- -tN-μz¿°-tbmtK \nin.*

 76

˛ ]cn-th-j-w, C{μ[\p v F∂o kqcytbmKßfpsS IqsSbpw

_eo ˛ _eap≈hcmIp∂p

* Cμp, \nin F∂o c- p hm°pIƒ Cu X¿÷abv°v B[mcamb \mep hymJym\

ßfnepw hniZoIcn®p ImWp∂n√. ]cn-th-j-w XpSßnb A©v (D]) {KlßfpsS

KWnXw A≤ymbw 25˛¬ hcp∂p- v.

(6)

cq]w am\p-j-t` f fn-t` f w-{Ln-c-]-tc-jz¿≤w _ew kymØt\m˛

kvXpeyw kzman-_-te\ tNm]-N-btK \mtY f Xn-ho-tcym¬°Sw

kzmao-Uy-⁄-bp-tX-£ntX Ihn-bptX Nmss\y-c-bp-t‡-£ntX

i¿h-cym-∂n-in(1)- cm-i-tbm- f l\n ]tc hocym-\znXmx Io¿Øn-Xmx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: i¿hcymw iin..

15. e·-_ew 1. cq]w am\p-j-t` ˛ a\p-jy-cm-in-Iƒ (anYp-\w, I∂n, Xpemw,

Ipw`w, [\p BZy]-IpXn) e·-am-bm¬

B e·Øn\p ]q¿Æ-_-ehpw

Afnt` Aw{Ln ˛ hr›nIambm¬ Im¬_-ehpw

]tcjp A¿≤w ˛ a‰p-≈hbmbm¬ ]IpXn _ehpw e`n°pw.

2. . Xpeyw kzman-_-te\ ˛ e·Øns‚ _ew e·m[n]s‚ _eØn\p

Xpeyambncn°pw. (e·m[n]\p

_eans√¶n¬

e·hpw Zp¿∫eambncn°pw.)

D]-N-btK \mtY AXn-ho-tcym¬°Sw ˛ e·m[n]≥ \n¬°p∂Xv D]Nbÿm\ßfn¬

(3˛6˛10˛11) BsW¶n¬ e·Øns‚ _ew

hfsc h¿≤n°pIbpw sNøpw.

3. Ass\y-c-bp-t‡-£ntX ˛ a‰p≈hbpsS ÿnXntbm ZrjvSntbm C√msX

kzmao-Uy-⁄-bp-tX-£ntX Ihn-bptX˛ e·m[n]t\m hymgtam _p[t\m ip{It\m

e·Øn¬ \n¬°pItbm e·Øntebv°p

t\m°pItbm sNbvXmepw e·w _eap≈

Xmbncn°pw

4. i¿h-cym -\n-in-cm-i-tbm- ˛ cm{Xnbn¬ cm{XncminIƒ (A.1, t«m. 8)

e·ambmepw

Al\n ]tc hocym-\znXmx Io¿Øn-Xmx.˛ ]I¬kabØv ]I¬cminIƒ e·

ambmepw B e·w _eap≈Xmbncn°pw.

(7)

tkzmt® ]q¿Æw kz{Xn-tImtW {Xn]mZw

kzt£-t{X f ¿≤w an{Xt` ]mZ-tah

ZznSvt£-t{X f ¬∏w \oN-tK f kvXw-K-tX f ]n

t£{Xw hocyw \njv^ew kymZv{Klm-Wmw.

 77

16. ÿm\_e{Iaw {Kl߃ D®w. kzt£{Xw XpSßnbhbn¬ \n∂m¬ In´p∂ _ew:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ÿnXn D®w aqe-{Xn-. kz an{X- i{Xp- \oNw auVyw

_ew ]q¿Æ-w ap°m¬ ]IpXn Im¬ A¬∏w _e-an-√. _e-an-√.

(8)

tIt{μ -{K-lm-Wm-ap-ZnXw ^ew bXv

kptJ \`-ky-kvX-Krtl hnet·

D]-cyp-]-cyp-‡-]-Z-{I-taW -

_em`n-hr≤nw ln hnI-ev]-b-¥n.

17. tI{μ_e{Iaw tIt{μ -{K-lm-Wmw

˛ tI{μØn¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ {Kl߃°p In´p∂ -ÿm\_ew

kptJ \`kn AkvX hne·

4, 10-, 7-, 1 ˛ `mhßfn¬

1/4 1/ 2 3/4 ]q¿Æw ˛ Cu {IaØn¬

D]-cn D]-cn D‡- ]-Z-{I-taW -_em`n-hr≤nw ˛ h¿≤n®ph¿≤n®p hcpw.

18. Zr-jvSn _e{Iaw (9)

t{ijvtTXn km k]vX-a-Zr-jvSn-tch

k¿h{X hmNym \ XYm f \y-ZrjvSnx

tbmKm-Znjp \yq\-^-e-{]-tZXn

hnti-j-Zr-jvSn¿\ Xp(1) ssI›n-Zp-‡m.

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ \\p.

ZrjvSn_ew {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn_ew IW°m°p∂Xn\v --˛˛

1. t{ijvtTXn km k]vX-a-Zr-jvSnx- Gh

-˛ Ggn-te-bv°p≈ ZrjvSn-am{XamWv t{ijvTambn´p≈Xv;

\ XYm A\y-ZrjvSnx

˛ a‰p ZrjvSn-Iƒ (hntijZrjvSnIfpw ]mZZrjvSnIfpw) -AXn\p kaw hcn√

. k¿h{X hmNym ˛ (F∂v) F√m-bn-SØpw ]d-b-s∏-´n-´p-- v.

3. tbmKm-Znjp \yq\-^-e-{]-tZXn hnti-j-Zr-jvSn

˛ tbmKmZnIfn¬ hnti-j-Zr-jvSn°p \yq\^eamWv.

\ Xp (\\p) ssI›n-Zp-‡m.

˛ As√∂p ]dbp∂hcpw D- v.

 78

Kl_ew IW°m°p∂Xn\p≈ ZrjvSn_eØn\v Ggntebv°p≈, Ggn¬ \n∂p

ap≈, ZrjvSnam{Xw FSpØm¬ aXn. tbmKmZn hnjbßfn¬ hntijZrjvSn XpSßnbh

FSp°Wtam F∂ ImcyØn¬ A`n]mbhyXymkap- p Xm\pw.

(10)

ss\k¿KnIw i{Xp-kp-lr-Xz-tah

`thXv {]amWw ^e-Imcn kayIv

XmXvIm-enIw Imcy-h-ti\ hmNyw

X—-{Xp-an-{X-Xz-a-\n-Xy-ta-h.

19. h¿§_ew ss\k¿KnIw i{Xp-kp-lr-Xz-tah... ˛ \nk¿§i-{Xp-an-{XXzw am{Xta (km[mcW)

{K-l_eNn¥bn¬ {]k-‡-am-bp-≈q.

XmXvIm-enIw Imcy-h-ti\ hmNyw ˛ X¬°m-e-i-{Xp-an-{XXzw Imcyhim¬

]d™XmWv- / ]dtbWv SXmWv.

X—-{Xp-an-{X-Xz-a-\n-Xy-ta-h ˛ B (X¬°me) i{Xpan{XXzw A\nXyamWv.

(ImcWw Ah Hmtcm PmXIØnepw amdn

amdn hcp∂p.)

(11)

\nt»jtZmj-l-ctW ip`-h¿≤t\ N

hocyw Kptcm-c-[nIa-kvXy-Jn-e-{K-tl`yx

XZzo-cy-]m-Z-Zfi‡n-`rXu ⁄ip{Iu

Nm{μw _e¥p \nJn-e-{K-l-ho-cy_o-Pw.

20. ip`_e{Iaw \nt»jtZmj-l-ctW ˛ k¿h-tZm-j-ßfpw \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw

ip`-h¿≤t\ N ˛ ip`-^ew h¿≤n∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw

AJn-e-{K-tl`yx ˛ F√m (ip`) {Klßfnepw sh®v

hocyw Kptcm-x A[nIakvXn ˛ hymgØn\v A[nIw (ip`)_eap- v.

XZzo-cy-]m-Z-Zfi‡n-`rXu ⁄ip{Iu ˛ Kpcphns‚ ip`_eØns‚ Im¬_ew

_p[\pw, ]IpXn_ew ip{I\pw D- v.

Nm{μw _e¥p \nJn-e-{K-l-ho-cy_o-Pw˛ F√m {Kl-ß-fp-sSbpw _e-Øns‚

ASnÿm-\w N{μs‚ _eamWv.

21. N{μ-{In-b, N{μmhÿ, N{μ-th-f

(12)

P∑¿£-hn-L-Sow \ossX¿

⁄m\mw-ssK¿\\-ssb¿`-tPXv

e_v[m-›-{μ-{In-bm-hÿm˛

thfm-Jym-kvXXv^ew {IamXv.

P∑¿£-hn-L-Sow ˛ P∑-\-£-{X-hn-\m-gn-Isb,

\ossXx ˛ 06 (60)

 79

⁄m\mw-ssKx ˛ 003 (300)

\\ssb ˛ 001 (100)

Ch-sIm-- v, AXm-b-Xv, P\n® \£-{X-Øn¬ Ign-™p-t]mb \mgn-I-hn-\m-gn-I-Isf hn-\m-gn-

I- Ifm°n Ahsb 60- 300-˛100 F∂o kwJy-IƒsIm- v lcn-®m¬

e_v[mx ˛ In´p-∂Xv

{IamXv ˛ {IaØn¬

N{μ-{In-b ˛ N{μ-{In-b

A-hÿm ˛ N{μmhÿ

the ˛ N{μ-th-f

B-Jym-x X¬^ew ˛ F∂nh BIp-∂p.

1. 60˛sIm- p lcn®m¬ N{μ{Inb ˛ 60 FÆw

2. 300˛sIm- p lcn®m¬ N{μm{hÿ ˛ 12 FÆw

3. 100˛sIm- p lcn®m¬ N{μthf. ˛ 36 FÆw

(13)

ÿm\mZv {`jvS-kvX-]kzo ]c-bp-h-Xn-c-tXm

ZyqX-IrXv (1) lkvXn-ap-Jym˛

cqVx knwlm-k-\tÿm \c-]-Xn-c-cnlm

ZWvU-t\Xm KpWo N

\njv{]m-W-—n-∂-aq¿≤m £X-I-c-N-ctWm

_‘-\tÿm hn\jvtSm

cmPm thZm-\-[otX kz]nXn kpN-cnXx

kwkvartXm [¿Ω-I¿Øm.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ XkvItcm

(14)

kZzwtiym \n[n-kw-KXx {ipX-Iptem hymJym-]-c-x i{Xplm

tcmKo i{Xp-PnXx kztZ-i-N-entXm `rtXym hn\-jvSm¿∞Ix

Bÿm\o N kpa-{¥Ix ]c-a-lo`¿Øm k`mtcym KP˛

{XkvX-x kwbp-K-`o-Xn-am-\-Xn-`tbm eot\m f ∂-Zm-Xm -f ·n-Kx.

(15)

£pZv_m[m-k-ln-tXm- f ∂-a-Øn- hn-N-c-

∑mwkm-i-t\m- f kv{X-£Xx

tkmZzmtlm [rX-I-μptIm hnl-cXn

ZypssX¿\-rt]m ZpxJnXx

iømtÿm cn]p-tk-hn-X› kkp-lr-

tZymKo(1) N `mcym-\zntXm

arjvSmio N ]bx ]n_≥ kpIr-X-IrXv

kzÿ-kvX-YmkvtX kpJw.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ [ym\o

 80

22. N{μ-{Inbm^ew 1. ÿm\-m¬{`jvS ˛ ÿm\w \jvSs∏´h≥

2. X]-kzn ˛ GIm{KXbp≈h≥

3. ]c-bp-h-Xo-c-X ˛ ]c-kv{Xo-cX≥

4. ZyqXIrXv ˛ NqXm´°mc≥

5. lkvXn-ap-Jym-cqV ˛ apJyamb B\-∏pdØv Ccn°p∂h≥

6. knwlm-k-\ÿ ˛ knwlmk\Øn¬ Ccn°p∂h≥

7. \c-]Xn ˛ cmPmhv

8. Acnlm ˛ i{Xp-°sf h[n°p∂h≥

9. ZWvU-t\Xm ˛ in£m-[n-Imcn

10. KpWo ˛ KpW-hm≥

11. \njv{]m-W ˛ Poh\n√mØh≥

12. -On-∂-aq¿≤m ˛ inc ‰h≥.

13. £X-I-c-N-ctWm ˛ ssIIm-ep-I-fn¬ apdnhpIƒ

14. _‘-\tÿm ˛ XShpImc≥

15. hn\jvtSm ˛ \jvSs∏´h≥

16. cmPm ˛ cmPmhv

17. thZm-\-[otX ˛ sshZnIhnZym¿∞n

18. kz]nXn ˛ Ddßp∂h≥, Aek≥

19. kpN-cnXw kwkva-c≥ ˛ kXvI¿Ωw Hm¿°p∂h≥

20 [¿Ω-I¿Øm ˛ [m¿ΩnI≥

21. kZzwtim ˛ \√ hwi-Øn¬ P\\w.

22. \n[n-kw-KX ˛ \n[n- In´nbh≥,

23. {ipX-Item ˛ {]kn≤amb IpeØn¬ P\n®h≥

24. hymJym-]-c ˛ hymJymXmhv

25. - i-{Xplm ˛ i{Xp-°sf \in-∏n-°p-∂-h≥

26. tcmKo ˛ tcmKn

27. i{Xp-PnXx ˛ i{Xp-hn-\m¬ Pbn-°-s∏-´-h≥

28. kztZ-i-N-entXm ˛ kztZiw -hn-´-h≥

29. `rtXym ˛ the-°m-c≥

30. hn\-jvSm¿∞I ˛ [\-sa√mw \jvSambh≥

31. Bÿm\o ˛ cmP-k-Z- n-epp≈h≥

32. kpa-{¥nI ˛ \√ a{¥n- / D]tZjvSmhv

33. ]c-a-lo`¿Øm ˛ a‰p≈hcpsS `qan A[o\Ønep≈h≥

34. k`mtcym ˛ `mcy-tbmSpIqSnbh≥

35. KP{XkvX ˛ B\sb t]Sn-bp≈-h≥

36. - kw-bp-K-`o-Xn-am-\ ˛ bp≤-`ocp

37. A-Xn-`tbm ˛ henb `btØmSp IqSnbh≥

38. eot\m ˛ ad™ncn°p∂h≥

39. A-∂-Zm-Xm- ˛ A∂Zm\w sNøp∂h≥

40. A·n-K ˛ Xobn¬ s]´h≥

41. £pZv_m[m-k-ln-X ˛ hni-∏-p≈h≥

42. A-∂-a-Øn- ˛ A∂w `£n°p-∂-h≥

43. hn-N-c≥ ˛ k©mcn

44. amwkm-i-t\m - ˛ amwkt`mPn

 81

45. Akv{X-£X ˛ Bbp[wsIm- p≈ apdnhv

46. tkmZzmtlm ˛ hnhm-lnX≥

47. [rX-I-μptIm ˛ ]¥p [cn®h≥

48. hnl-cXn ZypssXx ˛ NqXp Ifn-°p-∂-h≥

49. \-rt]m ˛ cmPmhv

50. ZpJnX ˛ ZpJn-X≥

51. iømtÿm ˛ InS-°-bn¬ InS°p-∂-h≥

52. cn]p-tk-hn-Xx ˛ i{Xp-°-fm¬ tkhn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

53. kkp-lrZv ˛ kvt\ln-X-cp-≈-h≥

54. tbmKn / [ym\o

55. `mcym-\zntXm ˛ `mcy-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

56. arjvSmio ˛ btYjvSw `£n°p∂h≥

57. ]bx ]n_≥ ˛ ]m¬ IpSn-°p-∂-h≥

58. kpIr-X-IrXv ˛ kpIrXw sNøp-∂h≥

59. kzÿx ˛ BtcmKyhm≥, kzÿ≥

60. BkvtX kpJw ˛ kpJambncn°p∂h≥, k¥pjvS≥

(16)

Bfl-ÿm-\mXv {]hmtkm aln-X-\r-]]Zm˛

k‡Xm {]mW-lm-\n¿˛

`q]meXzw kzhw-tim-Nn-X-Kp-W-\n-ctXm

tcmK Bÿm-\-KXzw

`oXnx £pZv_m-[n-XXzw bph-Xn-]-cn-Wtbm

cay-i-øm-\p-j‡nw

arjvSminXzw N KoXm CXn \nb-a-h-imXv

k¤n-cn-tμm-c-h-ÿm.

23. N{μm-hÿm^ew 1. Bflÿm\mXv {]hmtkm ˛ kz¥w hoSp hn´p≈ hmkw

(A\ytZihmkw)

2. aln-X-\r-]]Z Bk‡Xm ˛ cmP-]-Zhn°p tamln°p∂h≥

3. {]mW-lm-\n ˛ acWw

4. `q]meXzw ˛ cmPXzw

5. kzhw-tim-Nn-X-Kp-W-\n-cX ˛ kz¥w hwi-Øn\v DNn-X-amb KpWßfn¬

\ncX≥

6. tcmKw

7. Bÿm-\-KXzw ˛ cmP-k-Z- n¬ ÿm\w

8. `oXnx ˛ `bw

9. £p¬_m-[n-XXzw ˛ hni∏p _m[n®h≥

10. bph-Xn-]-cn-Wtbm ˛ bphXnsb hnhmlw sNbvXh≥

11. cay-i-øm-\p-j‡nw ˛ cayamb InSbv°tbmSv {]XyICjvSw

12. arjvSminXzw ˛ `£WkpJw

 82

(17)

aq¿≤m-atbm apZn-XXm bP\w kpJtÿm

t\{Xm-abx kpJn-XXm h\n-Xm-hn-lmcx

D{K-Pzcx I\-I-`q-j-W-a-{ip-tam£x

t£zfm-i-\w \n[p-h\w PT-cky tcmKx.

(18)

{IoUmPte lk\Nn{X-hn-te-Jt\ N

t{Im[› \rØ-I-cWw LrX-`p‡n\nt{Z(1)

Km\-{Inbm(2) Zi-\-cpIv Ielx {]bm-W˛

ap∑-Ø-XmY (N) ken-em-π-h\w hntcm[x.

]mT-t`Zw ˛ (1) [rX-`p‡n\nt{Z (2) Zm\-{Inbm

(19)

tkz—m-ÿm\w £pZv`bw imkv{X-em`w

sskzcw tKmjvTo tbm[\w ]pWy-I¿Ω

]m]mNmcx {Iqc-I¿Ωm -{]-l¿jx

{]mss⁄tchw N{μ-thfmx {]ZnjvSmx

24. N{μ-th-fm-^ew 1 aq¿≤m-atbm ˛ intcm-tcmKw

2 apZn-XXm ˛ kt¥mjw

3 bP\w ˛ bmK-I¿Ωw

4 kpJÿm ˛ kpJ-am-bn-(kzÿambn)cn-°p∂h≥

5 t\{Xm-abx ˛ t\{X-tcmKw

6 kpJ-XXm ˛ kpJmhÿ

7 h\n-Xm-hn-lmcx ˛ kv{Xo hnt\mZw

8 D{K-Pzc ˛ ISpØ ]\n

9 I\-I-`q-j-W- ˛ kz¿Æm- -c-W-߃

10 A-{ip-tam£ ˛ IÆo¿ {]hmlw

11 t£zfm-i-\w ˛ hnjw Ign-°pI

12 \n[-ph\w ˛ kvXo_‘w

13 PT-cky tcmK ˛ DZ-c-tcmKw

14 {IoUm Pte ˛ Pe{IoU (bpw)

lk\Nn{X-hn-te-Jt\ N ˛ Nncnbpw Nn{Xwhcbpw

15 t{Im[w ˛ tZzjyw

16 \rØ-I-cWw ˛ \rØw

17 LrX-`p‡n ˛ s\bv `£Ww

18 \n{Z ˛ Dd°w

19 Km\-{Inb ˛ ]m´p-]m-S¬

20 Zi-\-cpIv ˛ Z¥tcmKw

21 Ielw

22 {]bm-Ww ˛ bm{X

23 D∑-Ø-X ˛ {`m¥v / elcn

24 ken-em-π-h\w ˛ \o¥¬

25 hntcm[w

 83

26 tkz—m-ÿm\w ˛ CjvS-ÿm\w

27 £pØv ˛ hni∏v

28. `bw

29 imkv{X-em` ˛ imkv{X-]T\w

30 sskzcw ˛ sskzcw, btYjvSw

31 tKmjvTo ˛ k`

32. tbm[\w ˛ bp≤w

33 ]pWy-I¿Ωw

34 ]m]-Nmcw ˛ ]m]I¿Ωw

35 {Iqc-≥

36 -{]-l¿jw ˛ hen-b kt¥mjw

{]mss⁄x Ghw N{μ-thfmx {]ZnjvSmx

˛ ]finXcm¬ N{μthfm^ew Cßs\ ]dbs∏´ncn°p∂p.

]Zw apdn°p∂ ImcyØn¬ hymJym\ßfn¬ Bib°pg∏w ImWp- v. AXns‚

^eambn ]ebnSØpw A¿∞hpw amdp∂p- v. DZm: (1) £pZv`bw. (2) {IoUmPte

lk\Nn{X-hn-te-Jt\ N.

DZmlcWPmXIw: 1. \£{XKXw (\mfn¬ sN∂ \mgnI) : 46˛30

2. \mgnIIsf hn\mgnIIfm°ptºmƒ : 2790

3. N{μ{Inb (60 sIm- p lcn°pI) : 46.5 = 47. [rXIμpIw

4. N{μmhÿ (300 sIm- p lcn°pI) : 9.3 = 10. bphXo]cWbw

5. N{μthe (100 sIm- p lcn°pI) : 27.9 = 28. £p¤bw.

(20)

PmXtI N aplq¿tØ N {]ivt\ N{μ{In-bm-Zbx

kay-Iv^-e{]ZmkvX-kvam-Zzn-ti-tjW hnNn-¥-tb-Xv.

25. N{μ{Inb apXembhbpsS ta∑-

PmXtI N aplq¿tØ N {]ivt\

˛ Pm-X-I-Ønepw aplq¿Ø-Ønepw {]iv\-Ønepw

N{μ-{InbmZbx

˛ N{μ-{Inb apX-em-bh

kay-Iv^-e{]Zmx

˛ icn--bmb ^ew Xcp-∂hbmWv.

X-kvam-Xv hnti-tjW hnNn-¥-tbXv

˛ A-Xp-sIm- v Ah hnti-j-ambpw Nn¥n°-Ww.

(21)

]t£m-¤hw lna-I-cky hnin-jvSamlpx

ÿmt\m-¤-h¥p _e-a-`y(]y-)[nIw ]tcjmw

 84

X’w-{]-bp-‡-an-X-ssc-c-[n-Im-[nIw kym˛

Z\ym\n tX\ kZr-im\n _lq\n tNXv (tX) kypx.

26. {][m\_e߃

lnaIcky ]t£m-¤hw hnin-jvS-amlp

˛ N{μ\p ]£-_ew hnin-jvS-am-Wv.

ÿmt\m-¤-hw _e-a-]n A-[nIw ]tcjmw

˛ a‰p {Kl߃°p ÿm\-_-ew {][m\w.

X’w-{]-bp-‡-an-X-ssc- A[n-Im-[nIw

˛ (ChbpsSIqsS) a‰p_e߃IqSn tNcptºmƒ {Kl-Øns‚ _ew A[nIcn

°p-∂p.

A\ym\n tX\ kZrim\n _lq\n

˛ CØcw _e-ß-fm-Is´ At\-I-ap-- pXm-\pw.

(22)

km¿≤m-\n- jSv Xo£vW-Itcm _eobm≥

N{μkvXp jSv ]© hkp-‘-cmPx

k]vtX-μp-kqt\m chn-hXv KptcmkvXp

km¿≤m\n ]©mY kntXm _eo kymXv.

(23)

aμkvXp ]ss©h ln jSv_-em\mw

kwtbmK Ghm]cYm-([m)\yYm kypx

Ghw {KlmWmw kz_em_em\n

hnNn¥y kayIv IY-tbXv ^em-\n.

27. ^eZm\Øn\v Hmtcm {KlØn\pw

AXymhiyw D- mbncnt°- _ew: 1. kA¿≤m-\n- jSv Xo£vW-Itcm _eobm≥ ˛ kqcy\v _e-]n-WvUw Bd-c,

2. N{μx Xp jSv ˛ N{μ\v Bdv,

3. ]© hkp-‘-cmPx ˛ A©p IpP-\v.

4. k]vX - Cμp-kqt\m ˛ Ggv _p[-\v.

5. chn-hXv KptcmkvXp ˛ kqcy-s\-t∏mseKpcp-hn\v

6. km¿≤m\n ]© kntXm ˛ A©c ip{I\v,

7. aμkvXp ]ss©h ˛ i\n°v A©v,

jUv_eNn¥bn¬ {Kl߃°v Cßs\ _ew In´p∂ns√¶n¬ Ah Zp¿∫eßfmWv.

Ghw {KlmWmw kz_em_em\n hnNn¥y kayIv IY-tbXv ^em-\n -

˛ Cßs\ {KlßfpsS _em_e߃ Nn¥n®p thWw ^e߃ ]dbphm≥.

^eZm\Øn\v Hmtcm {KlØn\pw AXymhiyw D- mbncnt°- _ew:

chn N{μ≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n

6 1/2

6 5 7 6 1/2

5 1/2

5

 85

(24)

e·mZnIm\ma[n-]ky ]nWvtU

cq]m-\zntX XXv_-e-]n-WvU-amlpx

{Klky bkymw Znin ZnKv_ew kym˛

ØZv`m-h-hocyw kl-tX f ky ZrjvSym.

28. `mhm[n]_ew 1. e·mZnIm\ma[n-]ky ]nWvtU

˛ e·w XpSßnb `mhßfpsS \mY∑-mcpsS _e]nfiw

cq]m-\zntX XXv _-e-]n-fi-amlpx

˛ ]{¥- v (c˛2 ]˛1 = 12) Ds- ¶n¬ AXp ]q¿Æ_eap≈Xmbn.

2. {Klky bkymw Znin ZnKv_ew kymXv

˛ Hcp {KlØn\v ZnKv_eap≈ `mhØntebv°v

Aky ZrjvSym XZv`m-h-hocyw (k)l-tX

˛ AXns‚ ZrjvSn hcp∂Xv B `mhØns‚ _esØ \in∏n°p∂p.

DZmlcWPmXIØnse {KlßfpsS jUv_ew

N{μ≥ kqcy≥ _p[≥ ip{I≥ IpP≥ Kpcp i\n

10.07 8.31 8.85 5.57 7.59 4.75 7.50

DZmlcWklnXw jUv_eKWnXØn\v A\p_‘w 2 ImWpI.

86 

A≤ymbw 5

I¿Ω-mPo-h-{]-I-cWw (hcpam\am¿§w, sXmgn¬, Poht\m]mbw XpSßnbh)

(1)

A¿∞m]vXnw IY-tb-Zzn-e-·-i-int\mx

{]m_-eyXx tJNsscx

I¿Ωssÿx ]nXr-amXrim{X-h-kp-lr-Zv˛

{`m-{Xm-Zn`nx kv{XoP-\mXv (1)

`rXymZzm Zn\-\m-Y-e-·i-in\mw

at≤y _eo-bmw-kvXXx

I¿tΩiÿ \hmwicmin]himZv˛

hrØnw PKp-kvX-ZznZx.

]mTt`Zw (1) kv{Xo[-\mXv

1. [\mKaw Nn¥nt°- hn[w hne-· i-int\m ˛ e·w, N{μ≥ Chbn¬

{]m_-eyX ˛ _ew A[nIw D≈Xns‚

I¿Ωssÿx tJNssc ˛ ]Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂ {KlsØs°m- v

A¿∞m]vXnw IY-tb-Xv ˛ [\-e_v[nsb ]d-bWw.

2. [\mKaw Bcp hgn°v ? ]nXr- amXr im{X-h ....-

]Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ [\hchn\p ImcW

(_etadp∂) {Klw amIp∂ _‘p kqcy-≥ ˛ ]nXr ˛ A—≥

N{μ-≥ amXr ˛ AΩ

IpP-≥ im{X-h ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ

_p[-≥ - kp-lr-Zv ˛ kplr-Øp°ƒ

hymgw {`m{Xm-Zn`n ˛ ktlm-Z-c-∑mcm¬,

ip{I-≥ kv{XoP-\m¬ ˛ kv{XoI-fm¬,

i\n- `rXymZzm ˛ the-°mcm¬.

 87

3. sXmgn¬ I¿tΩiÿ....

Zn\-\m-Y- e-· -i-in\mw at≤y ˛ kqcy≥, e·w, N{μ≥ Ch-cn¬,

_eo-bmw-kvXXx ˛ _e-ap-≈Xns‚

I¿tΩiÿ ˛ ]Ømw `mhm-[n-]s‚

\hmwicmin]himXv ˛ \hmw-i-Øns‚ \mYs\s°m- v

hrØnw PKp-x X-Zv hnZx ˛ hr-Ønsb (I¿Ω-sØ) ]d-b-Ww.

kqcy≥, e·w, N{μ≥ Ch-cn¬ _e-ap-≈Xns‚ ]Ømw`mhm-[n-]s‚

\hmw-i-Øns‚ \mYs\s°m- v I¿Ω-sØ ]d-b-Ww.

(2)

^e-{Zp-ssa¿a-{¥-_-sse (1) › imTym¬

ZypXm-\rssXx Iw_-f-t`-j-PmssZyx

[mXp-{I-bmZzm £nXn-]m-e-]qtPym(2)

Poh-Xyku ]¶-P-h-√-`mw-ti.

]mT-t`-Zw ˛ (1) Pss]›. (2) ]qPymXv

]Ømw`mhm[ns‚ \hmw-im-[n-]Xn˛˛ 1. ]¶-P-h-√-`mw-ti -˛ kqcy\mbncp∂m¬

^e-{Zp-ssax ˛ ^e-hr-£-߃

a-{¥-_-ssex ˛ a{¥-߃

imTym¬ ˛ imTyw

ZyqXmXv ˛ NqXp-Ifn

A-\rssX ˛ AkXyw

Iw_-f t`-j-P BssZy ˛ Iºnfn, acp∂v XpS-ßn-bh

[mXp-{I-bmXv ˛ [mXp-hn¬∏\

£nXn-]m-e-]qP ˛ cmP-tkh

Poh-Xyku ˛ ChsIm- v Pohn°pw.

˛˛ ]Ømw`mhØns‚ \hmw-im-[n-]Xn kqcy-\m-bn-cp-∂m¬ ta¬∏d™hbpambn

_‘s∏´ sXmgnepIsfSpØv Pohn°pw.

]Ømw`mhm-[n-]s‚ \hmw-im[n]≥ kqcy\mbncp∂m¬, kqcys‚ Ahÿ

(A\pIqew/{]XnIqew, ^eZm\tijn ({Kl_ew, `mh_ew) A\pkcn®v NqXpIf

napX¬ cmPtkhhsc, hnhn[amb, \√Xpw NoØ bpamb, I¿Ω߃sIm- v Pohnt°

- Xmbn hcpw F∂mWv ChnsS ]dbp∂Xv. CXpt]mse a‰p {KlßfpsS ImcIXz

ßfpw kμ¿`w A\pkcn®v Xmsg ]dbpw{]Imcw HcmfpsS D]Poh\am¿§ambn hcpw.

Cu am¿§tcJIƒ sh®v, kμ¿`m\pkcWw, Dulmt]ml߃ hgn, HcmfpsS sXmgn¬,

Hcmƒ°p tbmPn® sXmgn¬, Is- ØWw.

(3)

Ptem-¤-hm\mw {Ib-hn-{I-tbW

Irjn-{In-bm-tKm-a-ln-jo-k-apss∞x

Xo¿∞m-S-\mZzm h\n-Xm-{i-bmZzm

\nim-I-cmwti hk-\-{I-bm-Zzm.

 88

2. \nim-I-cmwti ˛ N{μ\m-bn-cp-∂m¬

Ptem-¤-hm\mw {Ib-hn-{I-tbW ˛ sh≈-Øn¬\n∂p In´p-∂-hbpsS

(apØv apXembhbpsS)

hym]m-cw-

Irjn-{In-bm ˛ Irjn

- tKm- a-ln-jo -k-apss∞x ˛ ]ip, Fcpa F∂n-h

Xo¿∞m-S-\mXv ˛ Xo¿∞m-S-\w

h\n-Xm-{i-bmXv ˛ kv{XoIsf B{i-bn®v

hk-\-{I-bm-Xv ˛ hkv{X-hym-]m-cw

XpSßnbhsIm- v

Poh-Xyku ˛ Pohn°pw. .

(4)

`uamw-itI [mXp-c-W-{]-lm-ssc¿˛

Ωlm-\-kmZv `qan-h-imXv kph¿ÆmXv

]tcm-]-Xm]mbp[-km-l-ssk¿hm

tæ—m-{i-bmXv kqN-I-tNm-c-hr-Xym.

3. `uamw-itI ˛ IpP\m-bn-cp-∂m¬

[mXp- ˛ [mXp{Zhy-߃

c-W-{]-lm-sscx ˛ bp≤w, _e-{]-tbmKw apX-em-b-h-

alm-\-kmXv ˛ ASp-°-f-∏-Wn-

`qan-h-imXv ˛ `qan- / `qanbn¬\n∂pap≈ hcpam\w

kph¿ÆmXv ˛ kz¿Æw

]tcm-]-Xm] ˛ a‰p-≈-hsc t{Zmln®v

Bbp-[km-l-sskx ˛ Bbp-[w, kmlkw

tæ—m-{i-bm¬ ˛ tæ—∑msc B{i-bn®v

kqN-I-tNm-c-hr-Xym ˛ Nmc-{]-hr-Øn, Ifhv

Ch-sIm- v Pohn°pw..

(5)

Imhym-K-ssa¿teJ-\(1)-en-]yp-]m-ssb¿˛

tPymXn¿K-W-⁄m-\-h-im-Zv _p-[mwti

]cm¿∞-th-Zm-≤y-b-\m-÷-]m®

]ptcm-ln-X-hym-P-h-imXv {]hr-Ønx.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ teJI

4. _p-[mwti ˛ _p[\m-bn-cp-∂m¬

Imhym-K-ssa ˛ Imhyw, B-K-aw

teJ-\ en-]n D-]m-ssbx ˛ Fgp-Øp]Wn, en]n D]tbmKn®p≈ a‰p tPmenIƒ

tPymXn¿K-W-⁄m-\-h-im-Xv -˛ tPymXn-j⁄m\w

]c A¿∞w- ˛ A\y-cpsS [\w

th-Zm-≤y-b-\mXv ˛ th-Zm-≤y-b-\w

 89

P-]mXv N ˛ P]w

]ptcm-ln-X-hym-P-h-im¬ ˛ hym-P]ptcm-ln-X--\mbn´v

{]hr-Ønx ˛ Cu {]h¿Øn-IƒsIm- v Pohn°pw..

(6)

Pohmw-itI `qkp-c-tZ-h-Xm\mw

kam-{i-bmZvv `qan-]-Xn-{]-km-ZmXv

]pcm-W-im-kv{Xm-K-a-\o-Xn-am¿§m˛

≤¿tΩm-]-tZ-ti\ Ipko-Zhr-Øym.

5. Pohmw-itI ˛ hymgam-bn-cp-∂m¬

`qkp-c-tZ-h-Xm\mw kam-{i-bm¬ ˛ {_m“-W-scbpw tZh-∑m-scbpw B{i-bn®v

`qan-]-Xn-{]-km-Zm¬ ˛ cmP{]kmZw

]pcm-W-im-kv{XB-K-a-\o-Xn-am¿§mXv ˛ ]pcm-Ww-, im-kv{Xw, B-K-aw, - \o-Xn-am¿§w

[¿tΩm-]-tZ-ti\ ˛ [¿tΩm-]-tZ-iwsIm- v

Ipko-Zhr-Øym ˛ ]Ww ]en-ibv°p sImSp°¬

ChIƒsIm- v Pohn°pw..

(7)

kv{Xokw-{i-bmZv tKm(1)a-ln-jo-K-Pm-iz˛

kvXucy-{Xn-ssI¿hm -c-P-ssX› Kss‘x

£ncm-Zy-e¶mc-]-So-]-SmssZyx

ip{Imw-isI f amXy-KpssWx Ihn-Xzm¬

1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ tKm C√.

6. ip{Imw-isI ˛ ip{I-\m-bn-cp-∂m¬

kv{Xokw-{i-bmXv ˛ kv{XoIsf B{i-bn®v

tKm a-ln-jo- K-Pw Aizw ˛ ]ip, Fcp-a, B\, Ip-Xnc

Xucy-{Xn-ssIx - ˛ Km\-\r-Ø-hm-Zy-߃

c-P-ssXx ˛ sh≈n,

Kss‘ ˛ Nμ\w, kpK-‘-{Z-hy-߃

£ncm-Zn ˛ ]m¬ XpS-ßn-bh

Aew-Im-c -]-So-]-SmssZyx ˛ hkv{Xm-Zn Ae¶m-c߃

AamXy-KpssWx ˛ Hcp a{¥n°p th- Xmb KpW߃

Ihn-Xzm¬ ˛ Ihn-Xzw-

ChsIm- v Pohn°pw.

(8)

i\yw-itI aqe-^ssex {itaW

t{]ssjyx Jsse¿\o-N-[ss\x Ip[mss\yx

`mtcm-Zz-lmXv Ip’n-X-am-¿-K-hrØym

in¬∏m-Zn-`n¿Zm-cp-a-ssb¿h-[mssZyx

7. i\yw-itI ˛ i\n\m-bn-cp-∂m¬ bpsS AwiIØn¬

aqe-^ssex ˛ Ing-ßp-Ifpw ^e-ßfpw

 90

{itaW ˛ ITn\m≤zm\w

t{]ssjyx ˛ Zmky-{]-h¿Øn

Jssex \o-N[ss\ ˛ Zp-jvS-∑m-cpsSbpw \oN-∑m-cp-sSbpw [\w

Ip[mss\yx ˛ NoØ [m\yw

`mtcm-Zz-lmXv ˛ `mcw hln®pw

Ip’n-X-am-¿-K-hrØym ˛ Zp¿am¿§-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®pw

in¬∏m-Zn-`n Zm-cp-a-ssb ˛ ac-wsIm- p≈ in¬∏-ß-ƒ apX-em-b-h-

h-[mssZy ˛ h[-w apX-em-b-h

ChsIm- p Pohn°pw.

(9)

Awtiti _e-h-Xy--b-Xv\-[-\-kw˛

{]m]vXnw _-tem-t\w f - it]

kz¬∏w t{]m‡-^ew `th-Zp-`-bXx

I¿Ω¿£-tZti ^ew

Awi-tkym-‡Zniw htZXv ]Xn-bptX

ZrjvtS kztZti ^ew

kXyss\yx ]c-tZiPw XZ-[n]˛

kymwti- kz-tZti ÿntc.

1. Awtiti _e-h-Xn- Ab-Xv\-[-\-kw{]m]vXnx

˛ Awi-Im-[n-]\v _e-ap-s- -¶n¬ bXv\-an-√msXXs∂ [\-{]m]vXn D- m-Ipw.

Aiwt] _-tem-t\ kz¬∏w t{]m‡-^ew

˛ Awi-Im-[n-]\v _e-an√m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ ]d™ ^ew kz¬∏-ambn-cn-°pw.

2. `th-Zp- -bX ^ew

˛ c- p-{]-Im-c-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂mepw ^e{]m]vXn

I¿Ω¿£-tZti, Awi-tkym-‡ Zniw htZXv

˛ ]Ømw`mhm-[n-]s‚tbm Awi-\m-Ys‚tbm tZiØnembncn°pw D- mhpI.

]XnbptX ZrjvtS kztZti ^ew

˛ Awim-[n-]Xn B AwiØn¬ Ccn-°p-Itbm AXn-tebv°p t\m°p-Itbm

sNbvXm¬ kztZ-i-Øn¬ ^e-ap-- mIpw.

Ass\yx ]c-tZiPw

˛ A\y-{K-l-߃ Ccn-°p-Itbm t\m°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ ]c-tZ-i-Øn¬

Bbn-cn°pw ^ew.

XZ[n]ky Awti- kz-tZti ÿntc

˛ ]Ømw`mhm[n]s‚ AwiIw ÿnc-cm-in-bn¬ Bbn-cp-∂mepw kztZ-i-Øn¬

^e-ap-- m-Ipw.

]Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw, ]Ømw`mhm-[n-]s‚ \hmw-i-\mY≥ F∂o {Kl߃

kqNn∏n°mhp∂ [\mKaam¿§ßfmWv apIfn¬ ]d™Xv.

^e-Zo-]nI Fgp-X-s∏-´n´p \q‰m-- p-Iƒ ]eXp Ign-™p. Cu Ime-b-f-hn-\p-≈n¬

Imcy-ßfpw Hcp-]mSp amdn. sXmgn-ens‚ Imcyw-Xs∂ FSp-°q. F{X-am{Xw hn]p-ehpw

sshhn-≤yhp-am¿∂cwK-amWv AXn∂v. sF.-Sn.-ta-J-e-bn¬Xs∂ hyXy-kvX-amb AkwJyw

sXmgn-ep-I-ƒ ImWmw. F√mw ]Ømw-`m-hw-sh®p I- p]nSn-°-Ww. ]Ømw-`m-hw, ]Ømw-

 91

`m-hm[n-]Xn, ]Ømw-`m-h-Øns‚ Imc-I-{K-l-߃, ]Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃, ]Øn-

tebv°p t\m°p∂ {Kl-߃, ]Ømw-`m-hm-[n-]≥ \n¬°p∂ \hmw-iw, e·w ˛ e·m-

[n-]≥ ˛ N{μ≥ Ch-cpsS kzm[o\w, ]Øns\ e·-ambn Nn¥n-®p-sIm-- p≈ `mhm-

¤mhNn¥, ˛ Cßs\ Nn¥n®p Nn¥n®v Bgv∂n-dßn Cdßn t]mtI- nhcpw.

]Ømw`mh-Øns‚ am{X-a-√, F√m `mh-Øn-s‚bpw Imcyw CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. \√ _p≤n-

i-‡nbpw Dulm-t]m-l-]SpXzhpw CXn-\m-h-iy-am-Wv.

sXmgnepw hcp-am\hpw ]Øpw ]Xn--s\m∂pw `mh-ß-fn-emWp hcnI F∂p \mw

^e-Zo-]nI H∂mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬]Tn-®XmWv. AXv ChnsS H∂p-IqsS Hm¿Ωn-t°-- Xv

Bh-iy-am-bn h∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

]Ømw `mhw

hym]m-cw, Bkv]Zw (ÿm-\w), A`n-am-\w, I¿aw (sXmgn¬), Pbw (Im-cy-km-≤yw),

k¬t]-cv, bmKmZn I¿a-߃, Poh\w (Po-hn-X-am¿§w), BImiw (]Ømw `mhw), BNm-

cw, kXv{]-hr-Øn, \S-Øw, B-⁄m-i-‡n.

]Xns\m∂mw `mhw

em`w, Bbw (h-c-hv), BK-a-\w, B]vXn (e-_v[n), kn≤n (In-´¬), hn`-hw

(kn≤nhn`-hm≥ F∂pw), {]m]vXn, `hw, Io¿Øn, tPyjvT-k-tlm-Z-c≥, CSXp sNhn, kmc-

kyw, kt¥mjw, BI¿Æ-\w (tIƒ°¬).

CXn¬\n∂pw sXmgn¬ As√-¶n¬ hcp-am-\-am¿§w ]Ømw`mhw-sIm- pw AXn¬\n-

∂p≈ hcp-am\w AXns‚ [\`mh-amb (c-- mw-`m-h-am-b) ]Xn-s\m∂mw`mhw-sIm- pw

Nn¥n-°-W-sa∂p hcp-∂p. Cu A≤ym-b-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßfpw Cu ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬Øs∂ thWw Nn¥n-°m≥. F√m `mh-߃ hgn-°p-ap≈ hc-hns‚ BI-ØpI

]Xn-s\m-∂n¬ {]Xn-^-en-°pw.

92 

A≤mybw 6

tbmK-߃

(1)

cpN-I-`-{Z-I-lw-k-I-am-fhmx

ki-iIm CXn ]© N Io¿ØnXmx

kz`-h-t\m-®-K-tXjp NXp-jvStb

£nXn-kp-Xm-Znjp Xm≥ {Iatim htZ-Xv.

]©-a-lm-tbm-K-߃ kz`-h-\ D-®- K-tXjp NXp-jvStb

˛ Hcp {Klw \n¬°p-∂Xv kzt£-{X-Øntem D®t£-{X-Øntem Bhp-Ibpw

B cmin tI{μ-ÿm-\w (1-˛4-˛7-˛10) Bhp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬

1. cpN-I - ˛ cpN-ItbmKw

2. `-{Z-I -˛ `-{Z-tbmKw

3. lw-k-I ˛ lw-ktbmKw

4. am-fhm ˛ am-fhytbmKw

5. i-iIm ˛ i-itbmKw

CXn ]© ˛ F∂n-ßs\ A©p alm-tbm-K-߃

£nXn-kp-Xm-Znjp ˛ IpP≥ apXemb- A©p {Kl߃°p

{Iaix htZ-Xv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]d-bWw.

]©-a-lm-tbm-K-߃

{Klw ˛ tbmKw 1. IpP≥ ˛ cpNIw

2. _p[≥ ˛ `{ZIw

3. hymgw ˛ lwk-Iw

4 ip{I≥ ˛ am-fhw

5. i\n ˛ iiIw -

(2)

Zo¿Lmtkym _lp-km-l-km-]vXn-hn-`hx iqtcm -f cn-l¥m _eo

K¿hnjvtSm cpNtI {]Xo-X-Kp-W-hm≥ tk\m-]-Xn¿Pn-Xzcx

Bbp-jvam≥ kIp-im-{K-_p-≤n-c-atem hnZz÷\«mLntXm

`qt]m `{Z-I-tbm-K-tPm- f Xn-hn-`-h-›mÿm\tImem-lex.

 93

cpN-ItbmK-^ew cpNtI ˛ cpN-ItbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥-

Zo¿Lmtkym ˛ Zo¿L-amb apJw

_lp-km-l-k B]vXn- hn-`h ˛ hfsc kml-kwsNbvXp t\Snb

hn`hßfpp≈-h≥

iqtcm- ˛ iqc≥

Acn-l¥m ˛ i{Xp-°-sf- h[n°p∂-h≥

_eo ˛ _e-ap-≈-h≥

K¿hnjvtSm - ˛ Al-¶mcn

{]Xo-X-Kp-W-hm≥ ˛ KpW-im-en

tk\m-]-Xn ˛ tk\m-]-Xn

Pn-Xzc ˛ Pbn-°p-∂-h≥.

cpNItbmKw IpPs\s°m- p≈ tbmKambXn\m¬ IpPs‚ Imc IXzßfn¬

\√Xmb KpWßfmWv Cu tbmKap≈h¿°p e`n°pI. IpPs‚ _ew tbmK^e

ßtfbpw _m[n°pw. AXmbXv, ]q¿Æ_e aps- ¶nemWv ChnsS ]dbp∂ ^e߃

In´pI. cmPmhn\p cmPtbmKw hcptºmƒ In´p∂sXmcp cmPyamsW¶n¬, ap°ph\p

cmPytbmKw hcptºmƒ In´p∂sXmcp apgpØ a’yw am{Xambncn°pw Fs∂mcp

sNm√p- t√m. AXp{]Imcw kmlNcy߃°pw CXn¬ sNdnbX √mØ Hcp ]¶p- v.

kmμ¿`nIambn ]dbs´, cpN-I-tbm-K-ap-s- -¶n¬ sNmΔm-tZm-j-an-√. ÿm\_eap≈

IpP≥ ^eØn¬ ip`\mIp∂Xp sIm- mWv CXv.

`-{Z-ItbmK^ew `{Z-I-tbm-K-tPm- ˛ `{Z--tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥-

Bbp-jvam≥ ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h≥

Ip-im-{K-_p-≤n ˛ _p≤nam≥

- A-atem ˛ \n¿Ω-e≥

hnZz-÷\«mLntXm ˛ hnZzm-∑m¿ {]iwkn°p-∂-h≥

`qt]m ˛ cmPmhv

AXn-hn-`-h- ˛ hfsc kz-Øp-≈-h≥

Bÿm\tImem-le -˛ cmPkZ pIfn¬ tImemlew

(3)

lwtk kZv`n-c-`n-jvSpXx £nXn-]-Xn-x iw-Jm_vPa’ym-¶pssi

›nss”x ]mZ-I-cm-¶n-Xx -ip-`-h-]p¿ar-jvSm-∂-`pKv[m¿ΩnIx

]pjvSmwtKm [rXn-am≥ [\o kpX-h[q`mKym-\zntXm h¿≤t\m

amfthy kpJ-`pIv kphm-l-\-bim hnZzm≥ {]k-t∂-{μn-bx.

lwktbmK^ew lwtk - ˛ lwk-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

kZv`n-x A-`n-jvSpXx ˛ kØp-°-fm¬ kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

£nXn-]-Xn- ˛ cmPmhv

 94

iw-J A_vP a’y A¶pssi Nnss”x ˛ iwJv, Xmac, a’yw, A¶piw

(B\-tØm´n) XpS-ßnb kmap{ZnINn”-߃

]mZ- I-c A-¶n-X- ˛ ssIImepIfn¬ AS-bm-f-ambn´p-≈h≥

ip-`-h-]p ˛ kpμc≥

ar-jvSm-∂-`pIv ˛ `-£WkpJap≈h≥

[m¿ΩnI ˛ [¿ΩnjvT≥.-

amf-hy-tbm-K-^ew amfthym ˛ amf-h-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

]pjvSmwtKm ˛ ]pjvSn-bp≈ icoctØmSp IqSnbh≥

[rXn-am≥ ˛ _p≤nam≥, a\ssÿcyap≈h≥

[\o ˛ [\-hm≥

kpX h[q `mKym-\zntXm ˛ a°ƒ, `mcy, `mKyw Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

h¿≤t\m ˛ ta¬§Xn-bp-≈-h≥

kpJ-`pIv ˛ kpJßf\p`hn°p∂h≥

kphm-l-\- ˛ \√ hml\w

bi ˛ bikzn

hnZzm≥ ˛ ]WvUn-X≥

{]k-t∂-{μn-bx ˛ {]k-∂-amb C{μn-b-ß-tfm-Sp Iq-Sn-b-h≥.

(4)

ikvXx -k¿hPss\-x kp-`rXy _e-hm≥ {Kmam-[nt]m hm \rt]m

Zp¿hr-Ø-x ii-tbm-KtPm f \y-h-\nXm hnØm-\znXx kuJy-hm≥

et·-tμzm-c]n tbmK-]-©-I-anZw km{am-Py-kn-≤n-{]Zw

tXtjz-Im-Znjp `mKy-hm≥ \r]-ktam cmPm \rt]-{μm- f [n-Ix.

ii-tbm-K^ew ii-tbm-KP ˛ ii-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

-k¿hPss\ ikvX ˛ k¿h-P-\-ß-fmepw {]iw-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂h≥

- kp-`rXy ˛ \√ `rXycp≈-h≥

_e-hm≥ ˛ i‡n-am≥

{Kmam-[nt]m hm \rt]m ˛ {Kmam-[n-]≥ As√-¶n¬ cmPmhv

Zp¿hr-Ø- ˛ Zpjv{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøp-∂-h≥

A\y-h-\nXm hnØm-\znXx ˛ ]ckv{Xo, ]c[\w Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

kuJy-hm≥ ˛ kpJtØmSpIqSnbh≥.

e·mepw N{μmepw et·-tμm-c]n tbmK-]-©-I-anZw km{am-Py-kn-≤n-{]Zw

˛ e·mtem N{μmtem Cu A©p tbmK-ßfpw D≈h\v km{am-Pyw-Xs∂

e`n-°pw.- (N{Ih¿ØnbmIpw.)

1. Hcp tbmKwam{Xap-≈-h≥ ˛ `mKy-hm≥

2. c- p tbmK-ß-fp-≈-h≥ ˛ \r]-ka (cmPm-hn\p Xpey≥)

3. aq∂p tbmK-߃ Ds- -¶n¬ cmPm (cmPmhv)

4. \mep tbmK-߃ ˛ \rt]-{μm-f[n-I (cmP-{]-ap-J≥)

 95

ChnsS Hcp Imcyw- hy‡-am-°m-\p-- v. Cu tbmK-߃ t]cp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-

t]mse almtbmK-߃X-s∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ {Kl-ß-fpsS Imc-I-Xz-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-

߃am{X-amWv ChnsS ]d™n-´p-≈-Xv. `mhm-[n-]Xyw, Iq´p-sI-´p-Iƒ, an-{Xp--i{Xp_‘-

߃, {Kl-_ew XpS-ßn-b Hcp-]mSp Imcy-߃ A\p-k-cn-®v, AXmXp {Kl-ß-ƒ°p

kzm[o\w hcp∂ ka-b-Øm-bn-cn°pw, ^ew A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-I. Nnet∏mƒ Nne¿°v Nne

{KlßfpsS Zi AhcpsS Bbp ns‚ ]cn[nbn¬ hcns√∂pw hcmw. XZzmcm B

tbmKØns‚ ^eßfpw A\p`hØn¬ hcmsX t]mIpw. AXmbXv, tbmK^e߃

]dbptºmƒ _‘s∏´ {KlØns‚ ^eZm\tijnbpw ^ew A\p`hs∏Smhp∂

kabhpw IqSn ]cnKWn t°- Xp- v. F∂m¬ KPtIkcn, tIa{Zpa XpSßnb Nne

tbmK߃ PmXIßsf s]mXphmbn _m[n°p∂Xmbpw ImWp∂p.

N{μm-ep≈ -tbm-K-߃

(5)

hnt[mkvXp kp\-`m-\`m[pcp-[pcmx kzcn-xt^m-`-b˛

kvYnssX¿hnc-hn-`n¿{K-ssl-cn-X-c-YmXp tIa-{Zpax

lna-Xznjn NXp-jvStb {Kl-bp-tX f Y tIa-{Zptam

\loXn IYn-tXm- f Yhm lna-I-cmZv{Ksslx tI{μ-ssKx.

kp\-`, A-\`, [pcp-[pc,

tIa-{Zp-a, tIa-{Zp-am-tbm-K`wKw.

hnt[mkvXp kp\-` A-\`m [pcp[pcm...

kqcys\mgn®p≈h ˛˛ Xmcm{Kl-߃ (Ip, _p, Kp, ip, a)

1. kz ˛ N{μs‚ c-- n¬ \n∂m¬ kp\-`mtbmKw,

2. cn-x^ ˛ ]{¥-- n¬ \n∂m¬ A\-`m-tbmKw,

3. D`b ˛ c- nepw ]{¥-- nepw \n∂m¬ [pcp-[p-cm-

tbmKw

Cu `mhßfnse (2, 12, 2˛12) {KlkvYnXn A\pkcn®v Cu tbmK߃ ]e Xc

Øn¬ hcp∂p. AXmbXv, kp\`m, A\`mtbmK߃ 31 hoXw. [pcp[pcm 180.

(tlmcmimkv{Xw : 13˛4)

4. hnc-hn-`n¿{K-ssl-cn-X-c-YmXp tIa{Zpa

˛ N{μs‚ ]{¥-- ntem c- ntem Xmcm{Kl߃- Bcpans√¶n¬ tIa-{Zp-am-tbm-Kw.

5. lna-Xznjn NXp-jvStb {Kl-bp-tXY tIa-{Zptam \ln CXn

˛ N{μ≥ e·m¬ tI{μ-Øn¬ G-sX-¶nepw Xmcm{KlØn‚- IqsS \n∂m¬ tIa-

{Zp-am-tbm-Kw ^en°n√.

6. IYn-tXmYhm lna-I-cmZv {Ksslx tI{μ-ssKx

˛ N{μs‚ tI{μ-Øn¬ GsX-¶nepw Xmcm-{K-l-w \n∂mepw tIa-{Zp-am-tbm-K

`wKamIpw.

 96

tbmK-`wKw sh´n-s\mcp XSth BIp-∂p-≈q. sh´v C√m-Xm-Ip-∂n-√ F∂mWv

A\p`hw. tIa-{Zp-a-tbm-K-°m¿, `wKaps- ¶nepw, Pohn-X-Øn¬ Imepd∏nbv°m≥ ka-b-

sa-Sp-°pw. AXp-t]me hnhm-lhpw A¬∏w sshIp∂-Xm-bmWv ImWp-∂-Xv.

(6)

kzb-a-[n-K-X-hnØx ]m¿∞n-h-kvX-’tam hm

`hXn ln kp\-`bmw [o[-\-Jym-Xn-amw›

{]`p-c-K-Z-ico-c-x io-e-hm≥ JymX-Io¿Øn¿˛

hnj-b-kp-J-kp-thtjm \n¿hr-Xo›m-\-`m-bmw. (tlmcmimkv{Xw 13˛5)

kp\-`m-tbm-K-^ew kp\-`mbmw ˛ kp\-`m-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

kzb-a-[n-K-X-hnØ ˛ kzbw kºmZn® [\tØmSpIq-Sn-h≥

]m¿∞n-h hm X’tam ˛ cmPmhv As√-¶n¬ AXn\p Xpey≥

[o [\ ˛ _p≤n, [\w

JymXamw› ˛ {]i-kvX≥.

A\-`m-tbm-K-^ew A-\-`m-bmw ˛ A\-`m-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

{]`p- ˛ {]`p

AK-Z-ico-c- ˛ tcmKan-√mØ icocw

io-e-hm≥ ˛ k’z`mhn

JymX-Io¿Øn ˛ {]i-kvX≥

hnj-b-kp-J ˛ kpJ-t`m-K-߃ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥

-kp-thtjm ˛ \√ thjw [cn-°p-∂-h≥

\n¿hr-Xx ˛ k¥pjvS≥

(7)

DXv]-∂-t`m-K-kp-J-`mKv[-\-hm-l-\m-Vy˛

kvXymKm-\zntXm [pcp-[pcm{]-`-h-x k`rXyx

tIa-{Zpta aen-\-Zpx-Jn-X-\o-N-\n-kzx

t{]jyx Je› \r]-tX-c]n hwi-Pm-Xx. (tlmcmimkv{Xw 13˛6)

(1) ]mTt`Zw : DXv]-∂-tbm-K-kp-J-`p-K..v

[pcp-[p-cmtbm-K-^ew [pcp-[p-c-{]-`-h- ˛ [pcp-[p-cmtbmK-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

DXv]-∂-t`m-K- kp-J-`mIv ˛ Bin® kpJt`mK߃ e`n°p∂h≥

[-\-hm-l-\m-Vy ˛ [\hpw hml-\hpw D≈-h≥

XymKm-\zntXm ˛ XymK-io-e≥

k-`rXy ˛ (tkhn°m≥) `rXy-cp-≈-h≥.

N{μ-s\s°m-- p≈ kp-\-`m, A\`m, [pcp-[pcmtbmK-߃ t]mse-Ø-s∂, kqcy-s\-

s°m-- p≈ thkn, hmkn, D`-bN-co tbmK-߃, e·-sØ-s°m-- p≈ I¿Ø-co-tbm-K-

 97

߃ F∂-nh-bpsS ^ew ]d-bp-tºmƒ ]{¥-- nepw c- nepw \n¬°p∂ {Kl-ß-fpsS

kz`m-hhpw _e-hpw-IqSn ]cnKWn°Ww.

tIa-{Zp-amtbmK-^ew tIa-{Zpta ˛ tIa-{Zp-am-tbm-K-ap≈h≥

\r]-tX-c]n hwi-Pm-X ˛ cmP-hw-i-Øn¬ P\n-®-h-\m-bmepw

aen-\ ˛ hrØn-sI-´-h≥

-Zpx-Jn-X ˛ Zpx-Jn-X≥

- \o-N ˛ \oN≥

- \n-kz ˛ Zcn-{Z≥

t{]jy ˛ Zmk≥

Je ˛ ZpjvS≥.

kqcy-s\- B{i-bn®p≈ tbmK-߃

(8)

lntXzμpw ip`thknhmkyp`bN˛

cymJymkzcn-t^m-`b˛

ÿm\-ssÿ-x- khn-Xpx- ipss`x kypc-ip-ss`˛

kvtX ]m]-kw⁄mx kvarXmx

kXv]m¿tiz ip`I¿XcoXyp`bt`

]mss]kvXp ]m]mlztbm

e·mZznØKssXx ipss`kvXp kpipt`m

tbmtKm \ ]mt]£nssXx.

ip`th-kn, -ip`hm-kn,- D`bNcotbmK߃

Aip`th-kn, -Aip`hm-kn, Aip`D`bNcotbmK߃ lntXzμpw ˛ N{μ-s\m-gn®p≈

ipss` ˛ ip`--∑m¿ (_p,Kp,ip)

k-hn-Xp ˛ kqcys‚

kz cn-x^ D`b ÿm\-ssÿ- ˛ (1) c- v, (2) ]{¥- v, (3) c- pw ]{¥- pw

ÿm\ßfn¬ \n∂m¬

ip`-th-kn-hm-kyp-`bN-cymJymx ˛ ip`-th-kn, -ip`hm-kn, ipt`m`bNco,

F∂nßs\ aq∂pXcw tbmK-ßfmIp∂p.

A-ip-ss` tX ]m]-kw⁄mx kvarXmx

˛ Cßs\ \n¬°p-∂Xv ip`∑m¿°p ]Icw Aip-`-∑mcm-sW-¶n¬ ]m]-thkn,

]m]-hm-kn-,, ]mt]m`-b-Nco F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

 98

e·mep≈ tbmK߃

ip`I¿ØcotbmKw, ]m]I¿ØcotbmKw

kXv]m¿tiz ip`I¿XcoXyp`bt` ˛ e·Øns‚ c- nepw ]{¥- nepambn

ip`{Kl߃ \n∂m¬ ip`I¿XcotbmKw

]mss]kvXp ]m]mlztbm ˛ ]m]cmsW¶n¬ ]m]I¿XcotbmKw

kpip`mtbmKw e·mZznØKssXx ipss`kvXp kpipt`m

˛ e·Øns‚ c- n¬ ip`{Kl߃

\n∂m¬ kpip`mtbmKw

tbmtKm \ ]mt]£nssXx. ˛ ]m]ZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬ kpip`mtbmKan√.

C\n hnhcn°m≥ t]mIp∂ \mep t«mI߃ ( 9˛12 t«mI߃) sIm√w ]Xn∏nen√.

(9)

PmXx kymXv kp`Kx kpJo KpW-\n-[n¿[otcm \rt]m [m¿antIm

hnJymXx kI-e-{]ntbm f Xnkp-`tKm ZmXm alo-i-{]nbx

Nm¿hMvKx {]nb-hmIv {]]-©-c-kntIm hm‹o bikzo [\o

hnZymZ{X kpth-kn-hm-kyp-`-b-N-cym-tJyjp ]mZ-{I-am-Xv.

ip`-th-kn-tbm-K^ew ip`-th-kn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

kp`Kx kpJo ˛ kpμc≥, kpJw A\p`hn°p∂h≥

KpW-\n-[n ˛ kZvKp-W-ß-fp-≈-h≥

[otcm ˛ ss[cy-imen

\rt]m ˛ cmPmhv

[m¿antIm ˛ [m¿Ωn-I≥.

(kp`K ˛ kuμcyap≈, sFizcyap≈, `mKyap≈)

ip`-h-mkn-tbm-K^ew ip`-h-mkn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

hnJymXx ˛ {]i-kvX≥

kI-e-{]ntbm ˛ F√m-h¿°pw {]nb-s∏-´h≥

AXnkp-`tKm ˛ hfsc kpμ-c≥

ZmXm ˛ Zm\ioe≥

alo-i-{]nbx ˛ cmPm-hn\p {]nb-s∏-´-h≥.

ipt`m`-b-Nco-tbm-K^ew ip`- D`b-Nco-tbm-K-Øn¬P\n-®-h≥

Nm¿hMvKx ˛ kpμ-c-amb icocw

{]nb-hmIv ˛ CjvS∏Sp∂ kwkmcw

 99

{]]-©-c-kntIm ˛ temIkpJw BkzZn°p∂h≥

hm‹o ˛ hmIvkm-a¿∞y-ap-≈-h≥

bikzo ˛ {]i-kvX≥

[\o ˛ [\-hm≥

(10)

A\ym-bm÷\-\n-μtIm lX-cp-Nn¿lo-\-{]ntbm Zp¿Pt\m

ambmho ]c-\n-μI Je-bptXm Zp¿hrØimkv{Xm-[n-Ix

temtI- kym-Z-]-Io¿Øn ZpxJn-X-a\m hnZym¿Y`mssKy›yptXm

PmX-›m-ip-`-th-kn-hm-kyp-`-b-N-cym-tJyjp ]mZ-{I-am-Xv.

Aip-`-th-kn-tbm-K-^ew Aip`-thkn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

A\ym-bmXv P\-\n-μtIm ˛ shdpsX a‰p-≈-hsc \nμn-°p-∂-h≥

lX-cp-Nn ˛ kuμ-cy-an-√m-Ø-h≥

(CjvS߃km[n°Øh≥ F∂pw ImWp∂p.)

lo-\ -{]ntbm ˛ lo\-∑msc, lo\-∑m¿°p {]nbw-

Zp¿Pt\m ˛ Zp¿÷\w, NoØh≥

Aip`-h-mkn-tbm-K^ew Aip`-h-mkn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

ambmho ˛ amb°mc≥, NXnb≥

]c-\n-μI ˛ a‰p-≈-hsc \nμn-°p-∂-h≥

Je-ctXm ˛ ZpjvS-∑m-cp-ambn kl-h-kn-°p-∂-h≥

Zp¿hrØ ˛ NoØ -{]-h¿Øn-Iƒ sNøp-∂-h≥

imkv{Xm-[n-Ix ˛ imkv{X-ßsf Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøp-∂-h≥

Aip` D`-b-Nco tbmK^ew temtI- kym-Zv A-]-Io¿Øn ˛ P\a≤yØn¬ Zpjv-t∏cv

ZpxJn-X-a\m ˛ ZpJn°p∂ a\-t mSpIqSn-b-h≥

hnZy A¿Y- `m-ssKy NyptXm ˛ ]Tn∏,v [\w, `mKyw Ch C√m-Ø-h≥.

(11)

ssPhm-XrtIm hn`btcmKcn]px kpJo kym˛

ZmVyx {inbm N ip`-I¿Ø-cn-tbm-K-PmXx

\ntkzm f ip-Nn¿hn-kp-J-Zm-c-kp-tXm-f wK-lo\x

kymXv ]m]-I¿Ø-cn-`-thm- f Nn-c-am-bp-tc-Xn.

ip`-I¿Ø-co-tbm-K-^ew ssPhm-XrtIm ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp v

hn`-b-tcm-K-cn]px ˛ `bw, tcmKw, i{Xp Ch C√m-Ø-h≥

kpJo kymXv ˛ kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥

BVyx ˛ B`n-Pm-Xy-ap-≈-h≥

{inbm ˛ t{ib- p-≈-h≥.

 100

]m]I¿Ø-cn-tbm-K-^ew \ntkzm- ˛ Zcn-{Z≥

Aip-Nn ˛ hrØn-sI-´-h≥

hn-kp-J-Zm-c-kp-tXm ˛ kpJw, `mcy, a°ƒ Ch C√m-Ø-h≥

A-MvK-lo\x ˛ AwK-lo-\≥

ANn-c-am-bp-tc-Xn. ˛ Aev]m-bp- v.

(12)

BNmchm≥ [¿aaXnx {]k∂x

ku`mKyhm≥ ]m¿Ynham\\obx

arZpkz`mhx kvanX`mjW›

[\o `th®maetbmKPmXx

kpip`mtbmK^ew Aae tbmKPmXx ˛ kpip`mtbmKØn¬ P\n®h≥

BNmchm≥ ˛ BNmc߃ ]men°p∂h≥

[¿aaXnx ˛ [m¿ΩnI≥

{]k∂x ˛ {]k∂≥

ku`mKyhm≥ ˛ `mKyhm≥

]m¿Ynham\\obx ˛ cmPmhn\m¬ BZcn°s∏Sp∂h\pw

arZpkz`mhx ˛ arZpkz`mhtØmSpIqSnbh\pw

kvanX`mjW› ˛ ]p©ncntbmsS kwkmcn°p∂h\pw

[\o ˛ [\nI≥.

(13)

kpipt` ip`-I¿Øcymw

thkymZu kp\-`m-Zn-hXv

ipss`x {Iam-Xv^ew t⁄bw

hn]-co-X-a-k-Zv{K-sslx.

ipss`x ˛ ip`{Klßfmep≈

kpipt` ˛ kpip`mtbmK-Øn\pw

ip`-I¿Øcymw ˛ ip`-I¿Øcntbm-K-Øn\pw

thkymZu ˛ thknXpSßnbhbv°pw

kp\-`m-Zn-hXv ˛ kp\`m XpS-ßnb --tbm-K-ß-fpsS

{Iam-Xv ^ew t⁄bw ˛ {Ia-ØnemWv (ip`)^ew- F-∂-dn-bpI.

Ak-Zv{K-sslx hn]-co-Xw- ˛ ip`∑-m¿{°p]Icw tbmKap- m°p∂Xp

]m]cmsW¶n¬ Aip`^-e-am-Ip∂p.

sIm√w]Xn∏n¬ lntXzμpw.. F∂ F´masØ t«mIØn\p tijw HºXmaØ

Xmbn hcp∂Xv kpipt` ip`I¿Øcymw.. F∂ t«mIamWv. AXmbXv 10 apX¬ 17

hscbp≈ tbmKßfpsS ^ew Cu kpipt` ip`-I¿Øcymw.... F∂ H‰ t«mIØn¬

HXp°nbn cn°p∂p. F∂m¬, \mw ]n¥pScp∂ Zn√n]Xn∏pIfn¬ (9) PmXx kymXv, (10)

A\ymbm÷\\nμtIm (11) ssPhmXrtIm (12) BNmcyhm≥ F∂o \mep t«mIßfn¬

 101

Cu tbmKßfpsS ^ew hnhcn®Xn\ptijamWv kpipt` ip`-I¿Øcymw hcp∂Xv.

CXn¬ 12˛asØ t«mIamb BNmchm≥.. F∂Xv AaemtbmK^eamWv F∂pw AXn¬

]dbp∂p- v. AaemtbmKw ]dbmsX AaemtbmK ^ew ]dbp∂Xn¬ D≈ Akzm`m

hnIX as‰mcp kXyØnte bv°mWv hnc¬ Nq- p∂Xv.v hmkXhØn¬ AXv

kpip`mtbmK ^ewXs∂bmWv. ImcWw, c- mw`mhØn\p {]k‡amb ip`^eß

fmWv B t«mIØn¬ ]dbp∂Xv. sNdph≈nbpsS hymJym\Ønepw Cu \mep

t«mI߃ D- v. Bdmw A≤ymb Øn¬, Cu ImcW߃sIm- v, sIm√w ]Xn∏n¬ 66

t«mIap≈ t∏mƒ a‰p ]Xn∏pIfn¬ 70 t«mIap- v.

(14)

HmtPjz¿t°-μp-e-·m-\y-P\n Znhn ]pamw˛

t›∑-lm-`m-Ky-tbmKx

kv{XoWmw XZvhyXytb kym—-in\n kpc-Kptcmx

tI{μtK tIk-co-Xn.

Pohm-¥ym-jvSm-cn-kwtÿ iin\n Xp iISw

tI{μtK \mkvXn e·m˛

®t{μ tI{μm-Zn--tK -f ¿-°m-Z-[-a-k-a-h-cn˛

jvTm-Jy-tbmKmx {]-kn≤mx.

a-lm-`m-Ky-tbmKw A¿° C-μp- HmtPjp e-·m-\n Znhn AP\n

˛ kqcy\pw N{μ\pw HmP-cm-in-bn¬

\n¬°ptºmƒ HmP-e-·-Øn¬ ]I¬

P\n-°pIbpw

]pam≥ tNXv ˛ ]pcp-j-P\\amhp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬

a-lm-`m-Ky-tbmKx ˛ a-lm-`m-Ky-tbmKamIp-∂p.

kv{XoWmw XXv hyXytb kymXv ˛ kv{XoIƒ°v alm-`m-Ky-tbm-K-Øn\v

CXn\p hn]-co-Xw BIp-∂p.

AXmbXv, kq-cy-N-{μ-∑m¿ bp‹-cm-in-bn¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ bp‹-e-·-Øn¬

cm{Xn-bn¬ P\n-°p∂ kv{Xobpw alm-`mKytbmK-ap-≈-h-fm-bn-cn-°pw.

tIkcotbmKw iin\n kpcKptcmx tI{μtK tIkcoXn

˛ hymgØns‚ tI{μØn¬ (1˛4˛7˛10)

N{\≥ \n∂m¬ tIkcotbmKw

iIStbmKw. Pohm-¥ym-jvSm-cn-kwtÿ iin\n Xp iISw

˛ hymgØns‚ A¥yw (12), AjvSw (8), Acn (6) F∂o ÿm\ßfn¬

N{μ≥ \n∂m¬ iIStbmKw.

tI{μtK \mkvXn e·m®t{μ

˛ (e·) tI{μØnemWp N{μs\¶n¬ iIStbmKan√.

 102

A[a ka hcnjvT tbmK-߃ Nt{μ A¿-°m-Xv tI{μm-Zn--tK- {]-kn≤mx

˛ N{μ≥ kqcy-\n¬ \n∂v tI{μw apX-em-b-h-bn¬ \n∂m¬ {]kn-≤-ß-fmb

A[-a k-a- h-cnjvT ˛ A[aw (tI{μw 1˛4-˛7-˛10)

- ˛ k-aw -(]-W-]cw 2˛5-˛8-˛11)

˛ h-cnjvTw (B-t]m-¢naw 3˛6-˛9-˛12)

B-Jy- tbmKmx ˛ F∂n-ßs\ t]cmb tbmK-߃ BIp-∂p.

(15)

alm-`mtKy PmXx- k-I-e-\-b-\m-\-μ-P-\tIm

hZmt\ym hnJymXx £nXn-]-Xn-c-io-Xym-bp-c-aex

h[q\mw tbmtK f kvan≥ kXn- [-\-kp-amwK-ey-k-lnXm

Nncw ]pss{Xx ]uss{Xx ip`-ap-]-KXm km kpN-cn-Xm.

alm-`mKytbmK-^ew alm-`mtKy PmXx ˛ alm-`mKytbmK-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

- kI-e-\-b-\ B-\-μP-\tIm ˛ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw IÆp-Iƒ°v -

B\μw D- m-°p-∂-h≥

hZmt\ym ˛ Zm\-io-e≥

hnJymXx ˛ {]kn-≤≥

£nXn-]-Xn ˛ cmPmhv-

A-io-Xym-bp ˛ 80 hb- p-hsc Bbp- p-≈h≥

-Aaex ˛ \n¿Ω-e≥.

kv{XoI-fpsS alm-`mKy-tbm-K-w h[q\mwtbmtKAkvan≥ ˛ kv{XoI-fpsS alm-`mKy-tbm-K-Øn¬

km ˛ Ahƒ

kXn- ˛ ]Xn-{hX

kpN-cn-Xm ˛ k¬kz-`m-h-ap-≈-hƒ

[-\ kp-awK-ey k-lnXm ˛ [\w-,awKeyw F∂n-h-bp-≈-hƒ

Nncw ]pss{Xx ]uss{Xx ip`-ap-]-KXm ˛ Ahƒ Gsd-°mew ]p{X]u-{X-tcmsS

ip`--ambn Pohn°pw.

(16)

tIkcoh cn]p-h¿K-\n-l¥m

{]uV-hmIv kZkn cmPnXhrØnx

Zo¿L-Po-hy-Xn-bimx ]Sp-_p-≤n˛

kvtXPkm PbXn tIk-cn-tbm-tK.

tIkcotbm-K-^ew tIk-cn-tbm-tK ˛ tIk-cotbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

tIkcn Ch cn]p-h¿K \n-l¥m ˛ knwl-sØ-t∏mse i{Xp-h¿§sØ

sIms∂m-Sp-°p-∂-h\pw

kZkn {]uV-hmIv ˛ kZ- n¬ hmIvKmw-`ocytØmSpIqSnbh\pw

cmPnX hrØnx ˛ {]hrØnbn¬ tim`n°p∂h\pw

 103

Zo¿L-Po-hn ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp v

AXn-bimx ˛ hfsc {]kn-≤n

]Sp-_p-≤n ˛ Iq¿Ω_p≤n-

tXPkm ˛ hy‡n-{]-`mhw

Cu KpW-ß-tfmSpIqSnbh\mbn

PbXn ˛ Pbn-°p-∂p. (Zo¿L-Imew Pohn-°p∂p.)

(17)

IzNnXv IzNnXv `mKy-]-cn-Nyp-X- ≥

]p\x ]p\x k¿h-ap-ss]Xn `mKyw

temtI f -{]-knt≤m f]cn-lm-cy-a-¥˛

»eyw {]]∂x iI-tSfXnZpxJo.

iI-S-tbm-K^ew iI-tS ˛ iI-S-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h\v

IzNnXv IzNnXv `mKy ]-cn-Nyp-X-x k≥ ]ns∂bpw ]ns∂-bpw `mKyw \jvS-ambpw

]p\x ]p\x k¿h-w Dss]Xn `mKyw ho- pw ho- pw F√m `mKyhpw

h∂p-sIm- pw Ccn-°pw.

temtI A-{]-knt≤m ˛ temIØn¬ A-{]-kn-≤\pw

A]cn-lm-cw A-¥»eyw {]]∂x ˛ ]cn-lm-c-an-√mØ a\-t¢iw

A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw

AXnZpxJo ˛ hfsc ZpJn-X\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

h- n-®-{I-Øn¬ Hcp AS-bm-f-an´m¬ h- n HmSp-tºmƒ Cu AS-bmfw Bh¿Øn

®mh¿Øn®p s]mßnbpw XmWpancn-°p∂Xp-t]mse I-jvS-Im-ehpw \√-Im-ehpw amdn -

amdn h∂pw t]mbpw Ccn-°pw F∂mWp kqN\. F∂m¬ sIm√w ]Xn∏n¬˛˛

IzNnXv IzNnXv `mKy]cnNypX ≥

]p\x ]p\ ¿hapss]Xn `mKw

temI{]knt≤m ]cnlmca¥˛

»eyw {]k∂x iItSXnZpxJ.

F∂p aqehpw, “iIStbmKØn¬ P\n®hs‚ `mKyw Iptd» Iptd»bmbn Ipd™p

apgph≥ XocpIbpw ]n∂oSp Iptd» Iptd»bmbn h¿≤n®p ]q¿ÆamhpIbpw sNøpw.

Ah≥ temI{]kn≤\mbpw XSp°Ø°X√mØ a\»eytØmSpIqSnbh\pw G‰hpw

ZpxJnX\mbpw Ccn°pw ” F∂v A¿∞hpw sImSpØncn°p∂p. sNdph≈nbpw CtXmSp

tbmPn°p∂p.

A{]kn≤n {]kn≤nbpw {]]∂w {]k∂hpambt∏mƒ h∂am‰w ChnsS ]ckv]c

hncp≤amb hymJym\߃°pXs∂ ImcWambn. CØcw kμ¿`ßfn¬ bp‡n D]tbm

Kn°pItb \nhrØnbp≈p. s]mXpsh CsXmcp Zp¿`mKytbm‹mbXn\m¬ temtI

{]kn≤ntb°mƒ, temtI A{]kn≤nbmWv tNcpIsb∂p tXm∂p∂p.

 104

(18)

IjvS-a-≤y-a-h-cm-lz-b-tbmtK

{Zhy-hm-l-\-b-i- p-J-kºXv

⁄m\[o-hn-\-b-ss\-]p-W-hn-Zym˛

XymKt`m-K-P-^-em-\y]n XZz-Xv.

A[akahcn-jvT-tbm-K-^e-߃ IjvS- a-≤y-a h-cm-lz-btbmtK ˛ A[a ka hcnjvT tbmK-ßfn¬ P\n®m¬

{Zhy- hm-l-\- b-ix- ˛ ]Ww, hml\w, bi v

kp-J kw-]Xv ⁄m\ ˛ kpJw-, kºØv, ⁄m\w

[o- hn-\-b ss\-]p-W- hn-Zym XymK˛ _p≤n, hn\bw, kma-¿∞yw, ]Tn∏v, XymKw

t`m-K-P- ˛ kpJ-t`mK߃

- ^em-\n A]n ˛ Ch ^e-amIp-∂p.

h-cn-jvT-tbm-K-Øn¬ KpW^ew.

a≤y-a-tbm-K-Øn¬ a≤y-a^ew.

A[-a-tbm-K-Øn¬ KpW^ew- Xosc ImWn√.

˛˛CXmWv ^em\p`hØns‚ {Iaw.

(19)

N{μmZzm hkp-amw XtZm-]-N-b-ssK¿˛

e·m’akvssX-»pss`x

N{μm-Zvthymav\y-a-em-lz-b-»p-`-JssK¿

tbmtKm hne-·m-Z]n

Pt∑ti klntX hne-·-]-Xn\m

tIt{μ f [n-an-{X¿£tK

e·w ]iyXn I›n-Z{X _e-hm≥

tbmtKm `thXv ]pjvIex.

hkp-a-Xv tbmKw N{μmXv hm e·mXv ˛ N{μ-\n¬\n∂v As√-¶n¬ e·Øn¬\n∂v

D-]-Nb-ssKx ˛ D]-N-b-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ (3-˛6-˛10-˛11)

kakvssXx -ipss`x hkp-am≥ ˛ F√m ip`-{K-l-ßfpw (Kp, ip, \√ _p)

\n∂m¬ hkp-aXv tbmKw

Aa-e-tbmKw N{μm-Xv hne-·m-Xv A]n ˛ N{μmtem e·mtem

thymav\n ip-`-JssKx ˛ ]Øn¬ ip`-{K-l-߃ \n∂m¬

Aa-e Blz-b -tbmtKm ˛ Aa-em F∂p t]cmb tbmKw BIp-∂p.

]pjvI-e-tbmKw Pt∑ti klntX hne-·-]-Xn\m ˛ N-{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS

\mYs‚ IqsS e·m-[n-]≥

 105

tIt{μ ˛ tI{μ-Øntem

A[n-an-{X¿£tK ˛ AXnan{X-t£-{X-Øntem \n¬°p-Ibpw

I›n-Z{X _e-hm≥ ˛ GsX-¶nepw Hcp _e-ap≈ {Klw

e·w ]iyXn ˛ e·sØ t\m°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p-sh-¶n¬

]pjvIe tbmtKm `thXv ˛ ]pjvI-e-tbmKw D- m-Ip-∂p.

(20)

XnjvtTbpx kzKrtl kZm hkp-aXn {ZhymWy-\¬]m-\y]n

£vtaix kymZ-ate [\o kpX-b-i- w-]-ZyptXm \oXn-am≥

{ioam≥ ]pjvI-e-tbm-KtPm \r]-hsscx kΩm-\ntXm hn{ipXx

kzmI¬]mw-_-c-`q-jnXx ip`-hNx k¿thm-Øax kymXv {]`px.

hkp-atZymK-^ew hkp-aXn ˛ hkp-aXv tbmK-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

kZm kzKrtl ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw Xs‚ Krl-Øn¬Øs∂

A\¬]m-≥ A]n {Zhym-Wn XnjvtTbpx˛ A[n-I-amb {ZhyßtfmsS Ignbp∂p.

Aa-em-tbm-K-^ew A-ate ˛ Aa-em-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

£vtaix ˛ cmPmhv

[\o ˛ [\-hm≥

kpX b-i- kºXv bptXm ˛ a°ƒ, bi v, kºØv Ch-tbm-SpIq-Snbh≥

\oXn-am≥ ˛ \oXn-am≥.

]pjvI-e-tbm-K^ew ]pjvI-e-tbm-KtPm ˛ ]pjvI-e-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

{ioam≥ ˛ {ioam≥

\r]-hsscx kΩm-\ntXm ˛ cmPm-°-∑m-cm¬ am\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

hn{ipXx ˛ {]kn-≤≥

kzmI¬]mw-_-c-`q-jnXx ˛ \√ hkv{X-ßfpw B`-c-W-ßfpw

[cn-°p-∂-h≥.

ip`-hNmx ˛ ip`-hm°v ]d-bp-∂-h≥

k¿thm-Øax ˛ k¿thm-Ø-a≥

{]`px ˛ {]`p.

(21)

k¿th ]©kp jSvkp k]vXkp ip`-amem› ]Mv‡ym ÿnXm

btZyhw arXnjUvhy-bm-Znjp Krtl-jz-{Xm-ip-`mJym kvarXm

kz¿t£mt® bZn tImW-I-- -I-bpXu `mtKy-i-ip-{Im-hp`u

e£vaymtJym f Y XYm-hnt[ lna-Itc KucoXn Poth£ntX.

ip`-am-em-tbmKw k¿th ˛ F√m {Kl-ßfpw

]©kp jSvkp k]vXkp ˛ A©v, Bdv,Ggv Cuÿm\-ßfn¬

 106

]Mv‡ym ÿnXm ˛ ]w‡n-bmbn (\ncbmbn) \n∂m¬

ip`-ame ˛ ip`-am-em-tbmKw.

Aip`-am-em-tbmKw. bZn Ghw ˛ CXp-t]mse F√m {Kl-ßfpw

arXn jUv hy-b BZnjp Krtl-jp˛ acWw (8), Bdv (6), hybw (12) F∂o

`mh-ß-fn¬

A-{X ÿnXm ˛ \n∂m¬

Aip-` BJym kvarXm ˛ Aip- -amem F∂p t]cmb tbmKw

BIp∂p

e£vao-tbmKw `mtKy-i ip-{Imhp`u ˛ HºXmw`mhm-[n-]\pw- ip{I\pw-

kz¿t£m - ˛ kzt£-{X-Øntem

Dt® bZn ˛ D®-Øntem Bbn \n¬°pIbpw

tImW ˛ {AXp XntIm-W-Øntem

- I-- -I-bpXu ˛ tI{μ-Øntem BhpIbpw

sNbvXm¬

e£vaymtJym ˛ e£vao-tbmKw.

Kuco-tbmKw XYm-hnt[ lna-Itc KucoXn Poth-£n-tX˛

(1) N{μ≥ kzt£-{X-Øntem D®-Øntem \n¬°pIbpw

(2) B cmin tI{μtam {XntImWtam BhpIbpw

(3) hymgw N{μs\ t\m°pIbpw sNøp∂psh¶n¬ Kuco-tbmKw BIp-∂p.

(22)

P\m-[n-Imco £nXn-]m-e-ikvtXm

t`mKo {]ZmXm ]c-Im-cy-I¿Øm

_‘p{]nbx k¬kp-X-Zm-c-bpt‡m

[ocx- kp-am-em-lz-b-tbm-K-Pm-Xx.

ip`-am-em-tbm-K-^ew kp-am-em-lz-b tbm-K-Pm-Xx ˛ ip -ame F∂p t]cmb- tbmK-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

P\m-[n-Imco ˛ P\m-[n-Imcn

£nXn-]m-e-ikvtXm ˛ cmPm-°-∑m-cm¬ am\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

t`mKo ˛ kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥

.{]ZmXm ˛ sImSp-°p-∂-h≥ (Zm-\-io-e≥)

]c-Im-cy-I¿Øm ˛ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Imcy-߃ sNøp-∂-h≥

_‘p{]nbx ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°p {]nb-s∏-´-h≥

kXv kp-X Zm-c-bpt‡m ˛ \√ a°ƒ-, `mcy Ch-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

[oc- ˛ [oc≥.

(23)

Ipam¿§-bp-t‡m- f ip- -am-en-ImtJy

ZpxJo ]tcjmw h[-IrXv IrXLv\x

 107

kymXv ImXtcm `qkp-c-`-‡n-lot\m

temIm-`n-ikvtXm Ie-l-{]nbx kymXv.

Aip-`-am-em-tbmKw A-ip-`-am-en-ImtJy ˛ A-ip-`-am-emtbmK-ج P\n-®-h≥

Ipam¿§-bp-t‡m ˛ Zp¿am¿§n

ZpxJo ˛ ZpJn-°p-∂-h≥

]tcjmw h[-IrXv ˛ a‰p-≈-hsc h[n-°p-∂-h≥

IrXLv\x ˛ \μn-sI-´-h≥

ImXtcm ˛ `ocp

`qkp-c-`-‡n-lot\m ˛ {_m“-W-`-‡n-bn-√m-Ø-h≥*

temIm-`n-ikvtXm ˛ temI-cm¬ shdp-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

Ie-l-{]nbx ˛ hg-°mfn

kymXv. ˛ BIp-∂p,

*{_m“W≥ - = (1) {_“sØ Adnbp∂h≥

(2) jSvI¿Ω߃ sNøp∂h≥. (jSvI¿Ω߃ ˛ A≤ym]\w,

A≤yb\w, bP\w, bmP\w, Zm\w, ]Xn{Klw. (i_vZXmcmhen)

(24)

\nXyw awK-f-io-ebm h\n-Xbm {IoUXy-tcmKo [\o

tXPkzo kzP-\m≥vkpc-£Xn alm-e£o{]km-Zm-ebx

t{ijvTm-tμm-fn-Ibm {]bmXn Xpc-K-kvXw-t_-c-am-Zym-{intXm

temIm-\-μ-Itcm alo-]-Xn-htcm ZmXm N e£o-`-hx.

e£vao-tbm-K-^ew e£o-`-hx ˛ e£vao-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

\nXyw awK-f-io-ebm h\n-Xbm {IoUXn˛ \nXyhpw kZvkz- m-hn-bmb `m-cy-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn

kt¥mjambn Ignbp-∂h≥.

AtcmKo ˛ tcmKan√mØh≥

[\o ˛ [\n-I≥

tXPkzo ˛ tXPkzn

kzP-\mXv kpc-£Xn ˛ kzP\sØ ImØp c£n°p∂p

alm-e£vao {]km-Zm-ebx ˛ e-£vaotZhnbpsS {]km-Z-Øn\v Ccn-∏nSw.

t{ijvT B-tμm-fn-Ibm {]bmXn ˛ \√ ]-√-°n¬ bm{X-sN-øp-∂p.

Xpc-KkvXw-t_-c-aw BZn B-{intXm˛ IpXnc-, B\ XpSßnbh D≈-h≥.

temIm-\-μ-Itcm ˛ temI-Øn\v B\-μ-Øn\p ImcWambh≥

alo-]-Xn-htcm ˛ cmP-{]-ap-J≥

ZmXm N ˛ sImSp-°p-∂-h\pw (Zm-\-im-en).

(25)

kpμ-c-Km{Xx «mLn-X-tKm{Xx

]m¿∞nhan{Xx kZvKp-W-]p{Xx

]¶-P-t\{Xx kwkvXp-X-ssPt{Xm

cmPXn Kuco-tbm-K-k-ap-∞x.

 108

Kuco-tbm-K^ew Kuco-tbm-K-k-ap-∞x ˛ Kucn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

kpμ-c-Km{Xx ˛ kpμ-c≥

«mLn-X-tKm{Xx ˛ ]pIƒs]‰ hwiw

]m¿∞nhan{X ˛ cmPm-hns‚ kplrØv

kZvKp-W-]p{Xx ˛ kZvKp-Wßfp≈ a°-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

]¶-P-t\{Xx ˛ Xma-c-∏q-t]mse at\mlcamb I-Æp-Iƒ

kwkvXp-X-ssPt{Xm ˛ {]iw-k-\o-b-amb Pb-tØmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

cmPXn ˛ hncmPn-°p-∂p.

(26)

ip{I-hm-Iv]Xn kp[m-I-cm-flssPx

tI{μ-tIm-W-k-ln-ssX¿Zzn-Xo-bssKx

tkzm®-an-{X-`-h-t\jp hmIv]Xu (1)

hocytK kXn kc-kz-Xo-cnXm.

kc-kz-Xo-tbmKw. ip{Ihm-Iv]Xn kp[m-I-cm-flssPx ˛ ip{I≥, hymgw, _p-[≥ (F∂o ip-`-∑m¿)

tI{μtIm-W-k-ln-ssXx Zzn-Xo-bssKx˛ tI{μ-w- (1-˛4-˛7-˛10), {XntIm-W-w (1,5,9), c- mw

`mhw Ch-bnsem∂n¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw

hmIv]Xu hocytK kXn ˛ hymgw _e-hm-\mbn

kzD®an-{X-`-h-t\jp ˛ kzt£{Xw, D®-cmin, an{X-t£{Xw Ch-I-

fn¬ \n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬

kc-kz-Xo-cnXm ˛ kc-kz-Xo-tbmK-am-Ip-∂p.

(1) A¿∞t`Zw:

Cu t«mIØn¬ c- masØ hmIv]Xnbv°v c- mw `mhm[n]≥ F∂mWv

sNdph≈n A¿∞w sImSpØn´p≈X.v hm°vv c- mw`mhamWv. AXpsIm- v c- mw

`mhm[n]Xn hmIv]XnXs∂. F∂m¬ {KlImcIXzØns‚ kμ¿`Øn¬ hcptºmƒ

hm°ns‚ ]Xn hymgamWv.

(27)

[oam≥ \mS-I-K-Zy-]-Zy-K-W-\m-e-¶m-c-im-kvt{X-jzbw

\njvWmXx Ihn-Xm-{]-_-‘-c-Nt\ imkv{Xm¿∞-]m-cw-KXx

Io¿Øym-{Im-¥-P-K-{X-tbm f Xn[\ntIm Zmcm-fl-ssP-c-\znXx

kym’m-c-kz-X-tbm-KtPm \r]-hsscx kw]q-PntXm `mKyhm≥.

k-c-kz-Xo-tbm-K^ew km-c-kz-X-tbm-KtPm ˛ kc-kz-Xo-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

[oam≥ ˛ _p≤n-am≥

\mS-I- K-Zy -]Zy KW\ Ae¶mc

imkvt{Xjzbw \njvWmX ˛ \mS-Iw-, K-Zyw, ]Zyw, KWnXw, Ae¶mc

imkv{Xw XpSßnbhbn-¬ \njvWmX≥,

ka¿∞≥

 109

Ihn-Xm -{]-_-‘-c-Nt\

imkv{Xm¿∞-]m-cw-KXx ˛ IhnX, {]_‘cN\, imkv{Xm¿∞w

Chbn¬ ]mcwKX≥, hnZKvZ≥.

Io¿Øym-{Im-¥ P-K-{X-tb ˛ aq∂p- tem-I-ßfpw Iog-S°nb Io¿Øn

tbmSp- Iq-Sn-b-h≥*

AXn[\ntIm ˛ henb [\n-I≥

Zmc Bfl-ssPx A\znXx ˛ `mcy, a°ƒ Ch-tcm-Sp Iq-Sn-b-h≥

\r]-hsscx kw]q-PytXm ˛ cmPm-°-∑m-cm¬ _lp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

`mKyhm≥ ˛ `mKyhm≥.

ChnsS sNdph≈n “ a\pjy˛tZh˛]nXrlnXßfmb I¿Ω߃ sNøpIbm¬ B

aq∂p temIØpw {]kn≤nbp≈h\pw ” F∂p hniZambn sImSpØncn°p∂p.

28)

e·m-[o-iz-c-`m-kvI-cm-ar-X-Icmx tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-Wm-{inXmx

tkz®-kz¿£-kp-lr-ZvKr-lm-\p-]-KXmx {ioI-WvT-tbmtKm `thXv

XZzXv `m¿§h`mKy-\mYiinPmx {io\m-Y-tbm-K-kvXYm

hmKo-im-fl-]-kq-cyPm bZn XZm -ssh-cn©ntbmK-kvX-Ym.

{ioIWvTtbmKw e·m-Zo-iz-c -`m-kvI-c Aar-X-Icx ˛ e·m-[n-]\pw kqcy\pw N{μ\pw

tI{μ {Xn-tIm-W ˛ tI{μØntem (1-˛4-˛7-˛10),

{XntImWØntem (1-˛5-˛9)

B-{inXmx ˛ \n¬°pIbpw, AXv

tkz® kz¿£ kplr-XvKr-lm≥ ˛ D®-w, kzt£{Xw, an{X-t£{Xw

C-h-bn-sem-∂m-hpIbpw sNbvXm-¬

{ioI-WvT-tbmtKm `thXv ˛ {ioI-WvT-tbmKw D- m-Ip-∂p.

{io\m-Y-tbmKw `m¿§h `mKy-\mY iinPmx ˛ ip{I≥, Hº-Xmw-`m-hm-[n-]≥, _p[≥ Ch¿

AXp-t]mse \n∂m¬

{io\m-Y-tbm-K-x ˛ {io\m-Y-tbm-Kw- B-Ip-∂p.

sshcn-©n-tbmKw hmKo-i B-fl-] kq-cyP ˛ hymgw, A©m-w`mhm[n]≥, (1) i\n

bZn XZm ˛ Ch¿ AXp-t]mse \n∂m¬

ssh-cn©ntbmKx- ˛ hn-cn©tbmKw BIp-∂p.-

(1) hymJym\t`Zw: Bfl]s‚ A¿∞w e·m[n]≥ F∂mWv \mWp]n≈Bim\pw

sNdph≈nbpw sImSpØn´p≈Xv. AXp icnb√. ImcWw, Bflm ]©a`mhamWv.

Xs∂b√, {XntImWm[n]sc (1˛5˛9 `mh\mY∑-msc) \mbI∑-mcm°nbp≈ tbmKßfm

Wnh F∂ Imcyw kμ¿`Øn¬\n∂pw hy‡amIp∂p- pXm\pw.

(29)

cp{Zm-£m-`-c-tWm f ]n `qXn-[-h-f-—mtbm almflm inhw

[ymb-∂m-fl\n k¥Xw kp\n-bax ssih-{htX Zo£nXx

 110

km[q-\m-ap-]-Im-cIx ]c-a-tX-tjz-hm-\-kqtbm `th-˛

tØPkzo inh-]qPbm {]ap-ZnXx {ioI-W-T-tbm-tKm-¤-hx.

{ioI-WvT-tbm-K-^ew {ioI-WvT tbm-tKm-¤-hx. ˛ {ioI-WvTtbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

cp{Zm-£ B`-c-tWm]n ˛ cp{Zm-£wsIm- p≈ B`-c-W߃

[cn°p∂h\pw

`qXn-[-h-f-—mtbm ˛ `kvaw ]qin shfpØ \nd-tØmSp IqSnbh\pw

almflm ˛ almflmhpw

inhw [ymb-≥ B-fl\n k¥Xw ˛ inhs\ kZm [ym\n°p∂h\pw

kp\n-bax ˛ \njvTbp≈h\pw

ssih-{htX {]ap-ZnX ˛ inh`‡nbn¬ B\μw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw

Zo£nXx ˛ {hXw A\pjvTn°p∂h\pw

km[q-\mw- D]-Im-cIx ˛ km[p°ƒ°vvv D]-Imcnbpw

]c-a-tX-jp A\-kqtbm ˛ A\ys‚ A`n{]mbßfn¬

AknlvWpX C√mØh\pw

tXPkzo ˛ tXP-kznbpw

inh-]qPbm {]ap-ZnXx ˛ inh-]q-P-bn¬ B\μn°p∂h\pw

`thXv ˛ Bbn-cn°pw.

(30)

e£vao-hm≥ kc-tkm‡nNmSp-\n-]ptWm \mcm-b-Wm¶m¶nX˛

kvX∂m-am-¶n-X-lr-Zy-]-Zy-a-\niw k¶o¿Ø-b≥ k÷\x

X¤-‡m-]-NnXu {]k-∂-h-Z-\- -Xv]p-{X-Zm-cm-\znXx

k¿thjmw \b-\-{]n-tbm -f Xn-kp-`Kx {io\m-Y-tbm-tKm¤hx.

{io\m-Y-tbm-K^ew {io\m-Y-tbm-tKm¤hx ˛ {io\m-Y-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

e£vao-hm≥ ˛ sFiz-cy-ap-≈-h≥

kc-tkm‡n NmSp-\n-]ptWm ˛ kc-k-ambpw a[pcambpw kwkmcn°p∂h≥

\mcm-b-W A¶m¶nXx ˛ icocØn¬ (IcNcWßfn¬) sshjvWh

e£Wß-ƒ(iwJv,N{Iw,KZ,]flw XpSßnbh)

ASbmfambn´p≈h≥

XXv \m-am-¶n-X lr-Zy -]-Zy-w A\niw k¶o¿Ø-b≥

˛ hnjvWp`Kh∂mam¶nXamb, lrZyamb, Io¿Ø\߃ kZm ]mSns°m- p

\S°p∂-h≥

k÷\x ˛ kZvKpWßtfmSpIqSnbh≥-

X¤-‡m- ]-NnXu {]k-∂-h-Z-\ ˛ hnjvWp-`-‡-sc ]qPn-°-p∂-Xn¬

kt¥mjap≈h≥

kXv]p-{X Zm-cm-\znXx ˛ \√ a°tfmSpw `mcytbmSpw IqSn-b-h≥

k¿thjmw \b-\-{]n-tbm ˛ F√m-h¿°pw {]nb¶c≥

AXn-kp-`Kx ˛ hfsc kpμ-c≥.

 111

(31)

{_“-⁄m-\-]-cm-btWm _lp-a-Xn¿th-Z-{]-[mt\m KpWo

lrjvtSm sshZn-I-am¿§tXm \ NeXn {]Jym-X-in-jy-{h-Px

kutaym-‡n¿_-lp-hn-Ø-Zm-c-X-\bx (1) kZv{_-“-tX-tPm-÷ze≥

Zo¿Lm-bp¿hn-Pn-tX{μntbm \X-\rt]m sshcn-©n-tbm-tKm-¤-hx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw : kp{_-“

hncn-©-tbm-K^ew sshcn-©n- tbm-tKm-¤-h ˛ hncn-©-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

{_“-⁄m-\- ]-cm-btWm ˛ {_“-⁄m-\X¬∏-c≥

_lp-a-Xn ˛ _p≤n-am≥

th-Z-{]-[m\o ˛ sshZnI≥

KpWo ˛ KpW-hm≥

lrjvtTm ˛ k¥p-jvS≥

sshZn-I-am¿§tXm \ NeXn ˛ sshZn-I-am¿§-Øn¬\n∂p hyXn-N-en-°m-Ø-h≥

{]Jym-X-in-jy-{h-Px ˛ {]kn-≤cmb injy∑-mcpsS kwL-tØm-Sp -

Iq-Sn-b-h≥

kutaym-‡n ˛ kuay-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h≥

_-lp-hn-Ø Zm-c X-\bx ˛ [mcmfw [\hpw,- `mcybpw-, a°fpw D≈h≥

kZv{_-“-tX-tPm-÷ze≥ ˛ {_“tXP p≈h≥

Zo¿Lm-bp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- -p-≈-h≥

hn-Pn-tX{μntbm ˛ C{μn-b-ßsf Pbn-®-h≥

\X-\rt]m ˛ cmPm-°-∑m¿ \an-°p-∂-h≥.

sNdph≈nbpsS hymJym\Øn¬ Io¿Ønam∑-mcmb injy∑-mtcmSpw ]p{X∑m

tcmSpw F∂pw `mcyamtcmSpw ]p{X∑-mtcmSpw F∂pw ]p{X∑msc c- p h´w ]d™ncn

°p∂p. {hPamWv Ipg∏ap- m°n bsX∂p tXm∂p∂p. AXpt]mse kμ¿`w t\m°p

tºmƒ _lp hnØØn\p am{Xw aXnsb∂pw tXm∂p∂p.

(32)

At\ym\yw `h-\-ÿ-tbm¿hn-l-K-tbm¿˛

√-·mZn-cn-x^m-¥Iw

`mhm-[o-iz-ctbmx {ItaW IYnXmx

jSvj-jvSn-tbmKm Pss\x

{Xnwi-ss±-\y-ap-Zo-cnXw hyb-cn-]p-˛

—n-{Zm-[n-\m-tYm-∞n-Xmw˛

kvXzjvSu iucy-]tXx Jem \nK-Zn-Xmx-

- tijm almJymx kvarXmx.

]cnh¿Ø\tbmK߃

e-·m-Zn -cn-^m-¥Iw ˛ e·w-ap-X¬ ]{¥- phscbp≈ `mhßfpsS

`mhm-[o-iz-ctbmx hn-l-K-tbmx ˛ \mY∑-mcmb {Kl-߃

At\ym\yw `h-\-ÿtbmx ˛ ]c-kv]cw `mhw amdn \n∂m¬

jUvj-jvSn-tbmKm ˛ 66- tbm-K-߃

 112

{ItaW IYnXmx ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂p.

CXn¬

hybcn-]pOn-{Z A[n-\m-tY- ˛ 12, 6, 8 `mh-\m-Y-∑mscs°m- v D≈h

{Xnwi- ssZ-\yD-Zo-cnXw ˛ (30) ssZ\y-tbm-K-ßfpw

iucy-t]Xx ˛ 3˛mw-`m-hm-[n-]-s\-s°m- v

AjvSu Jem \nK-Zn-Xm ˛ (8) Je-tbm-Kßfpw

-tijm ˛ _m°n-bp-≈h (a‰p `mhm[n]XnsIm- p≈h)

almJymx ˛ (28-) alm-tbm-K-ßfpw BIp∂p

ssZ\y-tbm-K-߃ 30

Je-tbm-K߃ 8

alm-tbm-K-߃ 28-

BsI 66

(33)

aq¿Jx kymZ-]-hm-ZtIm Zpcn-X-Ir-∂nXyw k]-Xv\m¿±nXx

{Iqtcm‡nx Ine ssZ\yP›ea-Xn¿hn-On-∂-Im-tcym-Zyax

DZzr-Ø-›- Jte IZm-Nn-Z-Jnew `mKyw et`-Xm-Jnew

kutaym-‡n› IZm-Nn-tZ-h-a-ip`w Zmcn-{ZyZpxJmZn-Iw.

ssZ\y-tbmK-^ew ssZ\y-P ˛ ssZ\y-tbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

aq¿Jx kymXv ˛ ZpjvS≥, aμ-_p≤n

A]-hm-ZtIm ˛ A]hmZ߃ D- m°p∂-h≥,

\nμn-®p kwkmcn°p-∂-h≥

Zpcn-X-IrXv ˛ ]m]߃ sNøp∂-h≥

-\nXyw ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw

k]-Xv\m¿±nXx ˛ i{Xp-°-fm¬ ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

{Iqtcm‡nx ˛ {Iqcambn kwkmcn°p∂h≥

Nea-Xnx ˛ Cf-Ip∂ a\t mSpIqSnbh≥

hn-On-∂-Im-tcym-Zyax ˛ Bcw-`-iq-c≥.

JetbmK-^ew Jte ˛ Je-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

DZv hrØ-x ˛ AS-°-an-√m-Ø-h≥.

kutaym-‡n› ˛ kuay-ambn kwkmcn°p∂h≥

-IZm-Nn-Xv AJnew `mKyw et`-Xm ˛ Nne-t∏mƒ F√m `mKyhpw e`n-°p-∂-p

IZm-NnXv Ghw ˛ a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ CXpt]mse

Aip`w Zmcn-{ZyZpxJmZn-Iw ˛ Zmcn{Zyw, ZpxJw XpSßnb `mKyZmjßfpw

(D- mIp-∂-p)

(34)

{ioISm-£-\n-ebx {]`p-cm-Vy˛

›n{X-h-kv{X-I-\-Im-`-c-ssW›

]m¿∞n-hm-]vX-_-lp-am-\-k-at⁄m

bm\-hn-Ø-kp-X-hm-∑-l-Zm-tJy.

 113

alm-tbm-K-^ew a-l-Zm-tJy ˛ alm-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

{ioISm-£-\n-ebx ˛ [\-hm≥

{]`p ˛ {]`p-

B-Vy ˛ BVy≥, t{ijvT≥

Nn{X-h-kv{Xw I-\-Iw B`-c-ssWx N ˛ `wKnbp≈ hkv{Xw, kz¿Æm-`-c-W-ßfpw

]m¿∞n-h B-]vX- _-lp-am-\-k-at⁄m ˛ cmP_lpam\w

bm\ hn-Ø- kp-X-hm≥ ˛ hml\w, [\w, a°ƒ Ch-bp-≈-h≥.

-(35)

e·m-[n-]m-kvX-`-]-Xn-ÿn-X-cm-in-\mYx

tkzm®-kz-t`jp bZn tImW-N-Xp-jvS-bÿx

tbmK-x k Im-lf CXn {]Xn-tXmf Y XZzXv

e·m-[n-t]m f kvX-`-]-Xn¿bZn ]¿h-Xm-Jyx.

Iml-f--tbm-K-w e·m-[n-]- AkvX-`-]-Xn- ˛ e·m[n]t\m Ggmw `mhm-[n-]t\m

ÿn-X-cm-in-\mYx ˛ \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS -\m-Y≥

tkzm®-kz-t`jp ˛ kz¥w D®cminbntem kzt£{XØntem

\n¬°pIbpw AXv

bZn tImW-N-Xp-jvS-bÿx ˛ {XntImWtam tI{μtam BhpIbpwsNbvXm¬

tbmK- -Im-lf ˛ Iml-f-tbmKw.

]¿h-X-tbm-K-w e·m-[n-] A-kvX-`-]-Xn¿ bZn ˛ e·m-[n-]t\m Ggmw `mhm-[n-]t\m

Cßs\ \n∂m¬

]¿h-Xm-Jyx ˛ ]¿hX-tbmKw.

(36)

h¿≤n-jvWp-cmcyx kpaXnx {]k∂x

t£awIcx Iml-ftPm \ram\yx

ÿncm¿∞-kuJyx ÿnc-Im-cy-I¿Øm

£nXo-izcx ]¿h-X-tbm-K-Pm-Xx.

Iml-f-tbm-K-^ew Iml-ftPm ˛ Iml-f-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

h¿≤n-jvWpx - ˛ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-≈-h≥

-Bcyx ˛ t{ijvT≥

kpaXnx ˛ \√ _p≤n (k-∑-\- v) -D-≈-h≥

{]k∂x ˛ {]k-∂≥

t£aw-Icx ˛ t£aw sNøp-∂-h≥.

\ram\yx ˛ P\kΩX\pw

 114

]¿h-X-tbm-K-^ew

]¿h-X-tbm-K-Pm-Xx ˛ ]¿h-X-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

ÿnc A¿∞-kuJyx ˛ ÿnc-amb [\hpw kpJhpw D≈-h≥

ÿnc-Im-cy-I¿Øm ˛ ImcyÿncX D≈-h≥

£nXo-izcx ˛ cmPmhv.

(37)

[¿Ω-I¿Ω-`-h-\m-[n-]Xo Zzu

kwbpXu aln-X-`m-h-KXu tNXv

cmP-tbmK CXn XZzn-Znl kymXv

tI{μ-tIm-W-]-bp-Xn¿bZn iwJx.

cmP-tbmKw [¿ΩI¿Ω`-h-\m-[n-]Xn Zzu ˛ {XntIm-W-amb Hº-Xv, tI{μ-amb ]Øv

ChbpsS `mhm-[n-]-∑m¿

c- -pt]cpw Hcp-an®v

kwbpXu aln-X-`m-h-KXu ˛ Hcp-cm-in-bn¬ \n∂m¬

cmP-tbmK CXn ˛ cmP-tbmKw F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

iwJ-tbmKw

Hº-X,v ]Øv `mhm[n]cpsS IqsS

tI{μtIm-W-]bp-Xnx bZn ˛ a‰p tI{μ (1-˛4-˛7-˛10) {XntIm-W (1-˛5-˛9)

-\m-Y-∑mcpsS ÿnXnIqSn hcp∂psh-¶n¬

iwJx. ˛ iwJ-tbm-K-am-Ip-∂p.

(38)

t`coiwJ{]Wm-ssZ¿≤r-X-ar-Zp-]SnIm˛

Pm-X-hr-Øm-X-]t{Xm

lkvXyizmtμmfn-Im-ssZy-x kl aK-[-Ir-X˛

-{]-kvXp-Xn¿`qan-]mex

\m\m-cq-t]m-]-lm-c-kv^p-cn-X-I-c-bpssKx

{]m¿∞n-X-x -k÷-ss\x -kym˛

{ZmPm kym—wJ-tbmtK _lp-h-c-h-\nXm˛

t`mK-k-º-Øn-]q¿Æx.

cmP-tbm-K-^ew cmPtbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥˛˛

t`co iwJ {]Wm-ssZx ˛ s]cp-ºd, iwJv Ch-I-fpsS

BchßtfmsS

ar-Zp-]SnImPm-Xhr-Øm-X-]t{Xm ˛ arZp-hmb ]´p-sIm-- p-- m-°nb sh¨sIm-‰-

°p-S-°o-gn¬

lkvXn Aiz Btμmfn-Im-ssZyx ˛ B\, IpXnc, ]√°v XpSßnbhbpsS

AIºSntbmsS

aK-[-Ir-X-{]-kvXp-Xn¿ ˛ kvXpXn]mTI¿ ]mSp∂ kvXpXnItfmsS

 115

\m\m-cq-t]m-]-lm-c-kv^p-cn-X-I-c-bpssKx {]m¿∞n-X-x k÷-ss\x

˛ hnhn[ßfmb D]lmc߃ tim`n°p∂- ssIItfmsS sXmgpXp\n¬°p∂

k÷\ßtfmSpIqSnb

`qan-]mex ... kymXv ˛ cmPmhmIpw.

iwJ-tbm-K-^ew iwJ-tbmtK ˛ iwJtbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

_lp-h-c-h-\nXm ˛ hfsc t{ijvTh\n-X-I-tfmsS

t`mKk-º-Øn-]q¿Æx ˛ kpJt`mK-k-º-Øp-I-tfmSp Iq-Snb

cmPm kymXv ˛ cmPmhv BIpw.

(39)

kwJymtbmKmx k]vX-k-]vX¿£-kwssÿ˛

tcIm-]mbmZz√-Io- Zm-a- ]mix

tIZm-cmJy iqe-tbmtKm bp-Kw N

tKmf-›m-\ym≥ ]q¿h-ap-‡m-≥ hn-lm-b.

kwJymtbmK߃

k]vX k-]vX¿£ -kwssÿx ˛ G-gp {Kl߃ 7 cmin-I-fnembn \n∂mepw

GIm-]mbmXv ˛ 6,5,4,3,2,1 cmin-I-fn-embn \n∂mepw

kwJymtbmKx ˛ kwJym-tbm-K-ß-fm-Ip-∂p.

]q¿hw D-‡m-≥ hn-lm-b ˛ apºp ]d™h Ign®v.

(t\csØ ]d™ tbmKßsfm∂pw Cs√¶n¬ am{Xta kwJymtbmK߃

]cnKWnt°- Xp≈q F∂¿∞w.)

kwJymtbmK߃ 7 {Kl-߃ 7 cmin-bn¬ ˛ h√-Io

- 7 {Kl-߃ 6 cmin-bn¬ ˛ Zm-a-

7 {Kl-߃ 5 cmin-bn¬ ˛ ]mi

7 {Kl-߃ 4 cmin-bn¬ ˛ tIZm-c

7 {Kl-߃ 3 cmin-bn¬ ˛ iqe

7 {Kl-߃ 2 cmin-bn¬ ˛ bp-K

7 {Kl-߃ 1 cmin-bn¬ ˛ tKmf-

(40)

hoWm-tbmtK \rØ-Ko-X-{]n-tbm f ¿∞o (1)

Zmav\o XymKo `q]-Xn-t›m-]-Imco

]mti t`mKo km¿∞-k-—o-e-_‘px

tIZm-cmtJy {ioIr-jn-t£-{X-bp-‡x.

h-√IotbmK^ew hoWm-tbmtK ˛ hoWm- (h-√-Io) tbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

\rØ- Ko-X- {]n-tbm ˛ \rØ-hpw Ko-X-hpw {]n-bamb-h≥

A¿∞o ˛ [\nI≥

 116

ZmatbmK^ew Zmav\o ˛ ZmatbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

XymKo `q]-Xn- D]-Imco ˛ XymKn, cmPmhv, D]-Imcn.

]mitbmK^ew ]mti ˛ ]mitbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

t`mKo ˛ kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥

kA¿∞ kXvioe -_‘px ˛ [\w, kZvkz-`m-hw, _‘p-°ƒ Ch D≈-h≥

tIZmctbmK^ew tIZm-cmtJy ˛ tIZmctbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

{io ˛ {io (sFizcyw)

Ir-jn-t£-{X ˛ Irjn-ÿew-

bp-‡x. ˛ Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

(1) A¿∞t`Zw:

A¿∞n°p∂h\mWv A¿∞n. A¿∞n F∂m¬ Bhiys∏Sp∂h≥, bmNI≥

Fs∂ms° A¿∞w ]dbmw. AX\pkcn®v sIm√w]Xn∏n¬ bmNIs\∂ A¿∞hpw

sImSpØncn°p∂p. F∂m¬ ChnsS D]tbmKn®n´p≈ aqeØn¬ Cu hm°v

A¿∞nb√, A¿∞obmWv. A¿∞ap≈h≥, [\nI≥ F∂v A¿∞hpw sImSpØncn

°p∂p. A¬∏w hocyw IpdhmsW¶nepw CsXmcp `mKytbmKwXs∂bmWv. AXpsIm- v

[\ap≈h≥ F∂ A¿∞w Xs∂bmWv kμ¿`Øn\p tbmPn°pI.

(41)

iqte lnw{kx t{Im[-iotem Zcn{Zx

]mjWvUo kymZv {Zhy-lot\m bpKmtJy

\nkzx ]m]o tæ—-bp‡x Ipin¬]o

tKmtf PmX-›m-e-tkm f ¬∏m-bp-tch.

iqetbmK^ew iqte ˛ iqetbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

lnw{kx ˛ lnwkm-kz-`m-h-ap-≈-h≥

t{Im[-iotem ˛ tZzjy-°m-c≥

Zcn{Zx ˛ Zcn-{Z≥.

bpKtbmK^ew bpKmtJy ˛ bpK-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

]mjWvUo ˛ \mkvXn-I≥

Zhy-lot\m ˛ {Zhy-w ([\w) C√mØh≥

tKmftbmK^ew tKmtfPmX ˛ tKmftbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

\nkzx ˛ Zcn-{Z≥

]m]o ˛ ]m]n

tæ—-bp‡x ˛ Zp¿÷\-kl-hmkw

Ipin¬]o ˛ NoØ-in¬∏߃ sNøp-∂-h≥

A-e-tkm ˛ Ae-k≥

A¬∏m-bp-. ˛ A¬∏mbp- v

 117

.

(42)

kussay-cn-tμm¿Zyq\j{U-{‘-kw-ssÿ˛

kvXZz-√-·m-’w-ÿnssX¿hm[n-tbmKx

t\Xm a{¥n `q]Xnx kymXv {ItaW

JymXx {io-am≥ Zo¿L-Pohn a\kzo.

A[n-tbmKw C-tμmx ˛ N{μs‚

Zyq\ jUv c{‘ ˛ Ggv, Bdv-, F´v- ÿm\-ß-fn¬

kussayx- kw-ssÿ ˛ ip`-{K-l-߃ (_p, Kp,- ip) \n∂m¬,

hm ˛ As√-¶n¬

XZz√-·mXv kw-ÿnssX¿ ˛ A{]-Imcw e·m¬- \n∂mepw,

A[n-tbmKx ˛ A[n-tbm-K-am-Ip-∂p.

ta¬∏d™ aq∂p `mhßfn¬

H∂n¬ ip`≥ \n∂m¬ t\Xm ˛ ssk\ym[n]\pw

cs- ÆØn¬ \n∂m¬ a{¥n ˛ a{¥nbpw

aq∂nepw \n∂m¬ `q]Xn ˛ cmPmhpw

kymXv {ItaW ˛ BIpw.

(Abmƒ s]mXpsh)

JymXx ˛ {]kn-≤\pw

{io-am≥ ˛ {io-am\pw

Zo¿L-Pohn ˛ Zo¿Lmbp- p-≈-h\pw

bi-kzo ˛ bi- p-≈-h\pw (BIpw.)

hymJym\t`Zw :

F√m ip`{KlßfpwIqSn Ggn¬ \n∂m¬ t\Xmhpw Bdn¬ \n∂m¬ a{¥nbpw

F´n¬ \n∂m¬ cmPmhpamIpw F∂mWv aebmf hymJym\ßfn¬ ImWp∂Xv. A[n

tbmKw Hcp {][m\tbmKambXn\m¬ an°hmdpw F√m PmXI{KŸßfnepw {]Xy£

s∏Sp∂p- v. AXn¬ bp‡n°p tNcp∂ ]£amWv ChnsS kzoIcn®Xv.

(43)

A[n-tbm-K-`thm \tcizcx

ÿnc-kw-]-Zv_-lp-_-‘p-t]m-jIx

Aap\m cn]hx ]cm-Pn-Xm˛

›nc-am-bp¿√-`tX {]kn-≤-Xmw.

A[n-tbmK^ew A[n-tbm-K-`thm ˛ A[n-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

\tcizcx ˛ cmPmhpw

ÿnc-kw-]-Zv ˛ ÿnc-amb kºØp-≈h\pw

_-lp-_-‘p-t]m-jIx ˛ hfsc _‘p-°sf klm-bn-°p-∂-h\pw

cn]h ]cm-Pn-X ˛ tXm¬∏n-°-s∏´ i{Xp-°-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

 118

Bbncn°pw.

Nnc-am-bp ˛ (Ah\v) Zo¿Lm-bp pw

{]kn-≤-Xmw ˛ {]kn≤nbpw

e`tX ˛ e`n°pIbpw sNøpw.

Nma-cm-Zn -Zzm-Z-i -tbm-K-߃

(44)

`mssh-x ku-ay-bp-tX-£n-ssX-kvX-Z-[n-ss]x

kpÿm-\-ssK¿`m-kzsscx

tkzm®-kz¿£-K-ssX¿hn-e-·-`-h-\m˛

tZymKmx {IamXv ZzmZi

kw⁄m-›m-a-c-t[-\p-iucyPe-[n˛

—{Xm-kv{X-Im-am-kp-cm

`mKy-Jym-Xn-kp-]m-cn-Pm-X-ap-k-em˛

kvXss⁄-cyYm Io¿ØnXmx.

`mhØn\pw `mhm[n]\pw _eaps- ¶n¬

Nma-cm-Zn-Zzm-Z-i-tbm-K-߃

`mssh- ku-ay-bp-tX Cu£n-ssX- ˛ `mh-ßfn¬ kuay-{KlÿnXn, kuay-{Kl

ZrjvSn,

-X-Z-[n-ss] kpÿm-\-ssKx -˛ `mhm-[n-]-Xn-Iƒ°v kpÿm-\-ÿnXn

`m-kzsscx ˛ civan-_ew

tkzm® kz¿£- K-ssXx ˛ kz¥w D®w, kzt£{Xw Ch-bn¬ ÿnXn

˛ Ch-sbm-Øp-h-∂m¬

hn-e-·-`-h-\mXv ˛ e·w-ap-X¬°p≈ (]{¥- p `mh-߃°p)

ZzmZitbmKmx ˛ ]{¥- p tbmK-߃.

kw⁄m ˛ (Ah-bpsS) t]cp-Iƒ

{IamXv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ (]-d-bp-∂p.)-

1. Nmac ˛ Nm-a-ctbmKw

2. -t[-\p- ˛ t[-\ptbmKw

3. -iucy- ˛ iucytbmKw

4. Pe-[n ˛ Pe-[ntbmKw

5. O{X ˛ O{XtbmKw

6. Akv{X ˛ Akv{XtbmKw-

7. Im-a- ˛ Im-a-tbmKw

8. Bkpc ˛ BkpctbmKw

9. `mKy- ˛ `mKy-tbmKw

10. Jym-Xn ˛ Jym-XntbmKw

--11. ]m-cn-Pm-X-- ˛ ]m-cn-Pm-XtbmKw

12. ap-k-e ˛ ap-k-etbmKw

 119

(45)

{]Xylw {hPXn hr≤n-ap-Z{Kmw

ip¢-N{μ Ch tim`-\-ioex

Io¿Øn-am≥ P\-]-Xn-›n-c-Pohn

{io\n-[n¿`-hXn Nma-c-Pm-Xx.

Nma-c-tbm-K-^ew (e·w, e·m[n]≥)

Nma-c-Pm-Xx ˛ Nma-c-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

ip¢-N{μ Ch ˛ shfpØ]£-Ønse N{μ-s\-t∏mse

{]Xylw hr≤n-ap-Z{Kmw {hPXn ˛ Zn\w-{]Xn A`n-hr≤n {]m]n-°p-∂p.

tim`-\-ioex ˛ \√ kz`m-h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

Io¿Øn-am≥ ˛ {]i-kvX≥

P\-]-Xn ˛ cmPm-hv, t\Xmhv-

Nn-c-Pohn ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h≥

{io\n-[nx ˛ sFizcyhm≥

`-hXn ˛ BIp-∂p.

(46)

km∂-]m-\-hn-`-thm- f Jn-e-hn-Zym˛

]pjvI-tem- f [n-I-Ip-Spw-_-hn-`qXnx

tla-c-Xv\-[-\-[m-\y-k-art≤m

cmP-cmP Ch cmPXn t[\u.

t[\p-tbm-K-^ew (c-- mw-`m-hw, c-- mw-`m-hm[n-]-Xn)

t[\u ˛ t[\p-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

km∂-]m-\-hn-`-thm- ˛ A∂]m\hn`hßtfmSp IqSnbh≥

AJn-ehnZym]pjvI-tem- ˛ F√m -hn-ZyIfpw Adn™h≥

A[n-I- Ip-Spw-_hn-`qXnx ˛ h¿≤n® IpSpw-_ -sFizcytØmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

tlac-Xv\[-\[m-\yk-art≤m ˛ kz¿Æw, cXv\w, [\w, [m\yw ChbpsS

kar≤ntbmsS

cmP-cmP Ch cmPXn ˛ N{I-h¿Ønsbt∏mse {]Im-in-°p-∂p.

47

Io¿Øn-a-¤n-c-\p-ssP-c-`n-jvSp-ssX¿˛

√mfntXm aln-X-hn-{I-a-bp‡x

iucytPm `hXn cma Chmku

cmP-Im-cy-\n-ctXm f Xnb-i-kzo.

iucy-tbm-K-^ew (aq∂mw`mhw, aq∂mw`mhm[n]Xn)

iucytPm ˛ iucy-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

cma Ch Aku ˛ {iocmas\t∏mse

 120

Io¿Øn-a-Xv`nx- A`njvSpssXx A\p-ssPx - emfntXm Io¿Øn-am-∑m-cpw kvXpXn°

s∏Sp∂hcpamb Bb A\p-P-∑m-cm¬

tkhn°s∏Spw.

aln-X- hn-{I-a-bp‡x ˛ henb hn{Iaimenbpw

cmP-Im-cy-\n-ctXm ˛ cmPy-Im-cy-\n-c-X\pw

AXnb-i-kzo, `hXn ˛ hfsc {]kn-≤\pw BIpw.

(48) tKmk-º-≤-\-[m-\y-tim`nkZ\w _‘p-{]-]q¿Æw hc˛

kv{Xoc-Xv\mw-_-c-`q-j-Wm\n aln-X-ÿm\w N k¿thm-Øaw

{]m]vt\m-Xyw-_p-[ntbm-KPx ÿnc-kp-tJm- l-kvXy-iz-bm-\m-ZntIm

cmtPtUym ZznP-tZ-h-Im-cy-\n-cXx Iq]-{]-]m-Ir-Xv ]-Yn.

Pe-[n-tbm-K-^ew (\memw`mhw, \memw`mhm[n]Xn)

Aw-_p-[n-tbm-KPx ˛ Pe-[n-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

tKmk-ºZv [-\-[m-\ytim`n(X) ˛ ]ip-°-ƒ, kºØv, [\-[m-\y-߃

XpSßnb-h-bm¬ tim`n°p∂,

_‘p-{]-]q¿Æw kZ\w ˛ _‘p-°ƒ \nd™ hoSv

hckv{Xoc-Xv\ Aw-_-c`q-j-Wm\n ˛ DØakv{Xo-Iƒ, cXv\-߃, h{P-߃, B`-

c-W-߃ XpSßn

k¿thm-Øaw ˛ F√mw-sIm- pw DØaamb

aln-X-ÿm\w N {]m]vt\mXn ˛ t{ijvTamb ÿm-\w {]m]n-°p-∂p.

ÿnc-kp-tJm- ˛ F∂pw kuJyw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p.

l-kvXn Aiz- bm-\m-ZntIm ˛ B\,IpXnc,hml\w XpS-ßn-bhtbmSp-Iq-Snb

cmtPtUym ˛ cmP-{]-ap-J≥.

ZznP- tZ-h- Im-cy- \n-cXx ˛ {_m“WtZ-h-Imcy-ß-fn¬ X¬∏-c≥.

Iq] ]-Yn -{]-]m-Ir-Xv ˛ hgn-bn¬ InW¿, XÆo¿∏-¥¬

F∂nh \n¿Ωn®p \¬Ip-∂-h≥.

(49)

kpkwkm-c-`m-Kyky k¥m-\-e£vao˛

\nhmtkm bikzo kp`mjo a\ojo

AamtXym alo-iky ]qtPym [\mVyx

kv^pc-Øo-£vW-_p-≤n¿`th—{X-tbm-tK.

O{X-tbm-K-^ew

(A©mw`mhw, A©mw`mhm[n]Xn)

`th O{X-tbm-tK ˛ O{X-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

kzkwkm-c-`m-Kyky ˛ euIn-I-`m-Kyßfmb

k¥m-\-e£vao\nhmk ˛ k¥m\w, kºØv Chbv°v Ccn-∏n-Sambh≥.

bikzo ˛ bikzn

kp`mjo ˛ \√Xp kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h≥

a\ojo ˛ _p≤nam≥

AamtXym ˛ a{¥n

 121

alo-iky ]qtPym ˛ cmPm-hn\m¬ _lp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

[\mVyx ˛ [\m-Vy≥

Xo-£vW-_p-≤nkv^pc- ˛ Xo£vW_p≤n-i‡n kv^pcn-°p-∂-h≥.

(50)

i{Xq≥ _en-jvTm≥ _e-h-∂n-Krly

{Iqc-{]-hrXym kln-tXm- f `n-am\n

{hWm-¶n-Xmw-K› hnhm-Z-Imco

kymZkv{XtbmtK ZrV-Km-{X-bp-‡x.

Akv{X-tbm-K-^ew (Bdmw`mhw, Bdmw`mhm[n]Xn)

Akv{XtbmtK - ˛ Akv{XtbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

_en-jvTm≥i{Xq≥_e-h-≥\n-Krly _ehm∑-mcmb i{Xp-°sf _ewsIm- p

h[n-°p∂-h≥

{Iqc-{]-hrXym kln-tXm ˛ {Iqc-{]-hrØnIƒ sNøp-∂-h-≥

-A`n-am\n ˛ A`n-am\n

{hWm-¶n-Xmw-K› ˛ tZlØp apdn-∏m-tSm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

hnhm-Z-Imco ˛ hn-hm-Z-ß-fp-- m-°p-∂-h≥

ZrV-Km-{X-bp-‡x. ˛ Dd® ico-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

kymXv ˛ BIp-∂p.

(51)

]c-Zm-c-]-cm-MvaptJm `th˛

Zzc-Zm-cm-fl-P-_-‘p-kw-{inXx

P\-Im-Z[nIx ipss`¿Kp-ssW¿˛

al-\obmw {inb-taXn Ima-Px.

Ima-tbm-K-^ew

(Ggmw `mhw, Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn)

Ima-Px. ˛ Ima-tbm-K-Øn≥ P\n-®-h≥

]c-Zm-c- ]-cm-MvaptJm ˛ A\y-s‚ `mcy-bn¬ Xm¬∏-cy-an-√m-Ø-h\pw

hc-Zm-c Bfl-P- _-‘p-kw-{inXx ˛ DØabmb `mcy, a°ƒ, _‘p-°ƒ

F∂n-htcmSpIqSnbh\pw

P\-Im-Z[nIx ipt`m¿Kp-ssWx ˛ A—-t\-°mƒ A[nIw ip`Kp-W߃

D≈-h\pw

al-\obmw {inb-taXn ˛ hfsc sFizcyap≈h\pw

`thXv ˛ Bbncn°pw.

(52)

l¥y\y-Imcyw ]nip\x kzImcy˛

]tcm Z-cn-{Z› Zpcm{Klo kymXv

 122

kzbw-Ir-Xm-\¿∞-]-cºcm¿Øx

IpI¿Ω-Ir-®m-kp-c-tbm-K-PmXx.

Bkp-c-tbm-K-^ew

(F´mw`mhw, F´mw`mhm[n]Xn)

Bkp-c-tbm-K-PmXx ˛ Bkp-c-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

l¥n A\y-Imcyw ˛ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Imcyw apS-°p-∂h≥

]nip\x ˛ \pW- ]d-bp-∂h≥

kzImcy]tcm ˛ kzm¿∞o

Z-cn-{Z ˛ Zcn-{Z≥

Zpcm{Klo ˛ AXym-{Kln

kzbw-Ir-Xm-\¿∞-]-cºcm-¿Øx ˛ kzbw-Ir-Xm\¿∞-ß-fpsS ]c-º-c-bm¬

ZpJn-°p-∂-h≥

IpI¿Ω-Ir-Xv ˛ ZpjvI-¿Ω-߃ sNø-p∂-h≥-

kymXv ˛ BIp-∂p.

(53)

N©-®m-a-c-hm-Zy-tLm-j-\n-_n-Um˛

amtμm-fnImw imizXow

e£vaow {]m]y alm-Pss\x IrX-\pXnx

kym≤¿Ω-am¿t§- ÿnXx

{]oWm-tXyj ]nXr≥ kpcm≥ ZznP-K-Wm≥

XØXv {]nssbx ]qPss\x

kzmNm-cx -kz-Ip-tem-Zz-l- kp-lr-Zbx

kymZv `mKy-tbm-tKm-¤-hx.

`mKy-tbm-K-^ew

(HºXmw`mhw, HºXmw`mhm[n]Xn)

`mKy-tbm-tKm-¤-h ˛ `mKytbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

N©-®m-a-c ˛ Nen-°p∂ Nma-c-ßtfmsS

hm-Zy-tLm-j- ˛ hm-Zy-tLm-j-ßtfmsS

Btμm-fnImw ˛ ]√-°ntedn k©cn°p∂h≥

imizXow e£vanw ˛ \in°mØ sFizcytØmSpIqSnbh≥

alm-Pss\ IrX-\Xnx ˛ alm-P-\-ß-fm¬ \a-kvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

[¿Ω-am¿t§-ÿnXx ˛ [m¿ΩnI≥

]nXr≥ kpcm≥ ZznP-K-Wm≥ ˛ ]nXr-°ƒ, tZh-∑m¿, {_m“-W¿ Chsc

Xج {]nssb ]qPss\x {]oWm-tXyjp˛Ahch¿°p {]nb-s∏´ ]qP-IƒsIm- v

kt¥m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-h≥

kzmNm-c- ˛ kz¥wBNmcImcyßfn¬\njvTbp≈h≥

kzIp-temZzl- ˛ Xs‚ hwisØ \bn°p∂h≥

kp-lr-Zbx ˛ \√ a\ p≈h≥

kymXv ˛ BIp-∂p.

 123

(54) k¬{Inbmw kI-e-tem-I-k--ΩXm˛

amN-c-∂-hXn k÷-\m-∂r]x

]p{X-an-{X-[-\-Zm-c-`m-Ky-hm≥

JymXntPm `hXn temI-hn-{ipXx

JyXn-tbm-K-^ew

(]Ømw`mhw, ]Ømw`mhm[n]Xn

JymXntPm ˛ JymXn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

kI-e-tem-Ik--ΩXm ˛ temI-k-Ω-X-amb

k¬{Inbmw BN-c-≥ ˛ kXvI¿Ω߃ sNøp-∂-h≥

AhXn k÷-\m∂r]x ˛ k÷-\-ßsf kwc-£n-°p∂ cmPmhv

]p{X an-{X -[-\ Zm-c `m-Ky-hm≥ ˛ ]p{X-∑m¿-, kplr-Øp-°ƒ, [\w-, `mcy

Ch-sb-√m-wsIm- pw -`m-Ky-hm\pw

temI-hn-{ipXx. ˛- temI-{]-kn-≤\pw

`hXn ˛ BIp-∂p.

(55)

\nXy-aw-K-f-bpXx ]rYn-hoix

k©n-Xm¿∞-\n-N-bx k-Ip-Spw_o

kXv°-Ym-{i-h-W-`-‡n-c-`nt⁄m

]mcn-Pm-X-P-\\x in-h-Xm-Xn.

]mcn-Pm-X-tbm-K-^ew (]Xns\m∂mw `mhw, ]Xns\m∂mw`mhm[n]Xn)

]mcn-Pm-X-P-\-\ ˛ ]mcn-Pm-X-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

\nXy-aw-K-f-bpXx ˛ ÿncamb t{ib-t m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

]rYn-hoix ˛ cmPmhv

k©n-Xm¿∞-\n-N-b ˛ Iq´n-sh® [\-tØmSpw-

kIp-Spw_o ˛ IpSpw-_-tØmSpw IqSnb-h≥

kXv°-Ym-{i-h-W-`-‡n-x ˛ k¬°-Y-Iƒ tIƒ°p-∂-Xn¬ {i≤-bp-≈-h≥

A`nt⁄m ˛ hnZzm≥.

inhXmXn ˛ ip`w sNøp∂h≥

(56)

Ir{O-e-_v[-[-\-hm≥ ]cn-`qtXm

teme-kº-Zp-Nn-X-hy-b-ioex

kz¿§-tah e`tX f ¥yZ-imbmw

Pm¬atIm apk-eP-›-]-e›.

apk-e-tbmK^ew

(]{¥- mw`m-hw, ]{¥- mw-`m-hm[n-]-Xn)

apk-eP ˛ apk-e-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥-

Ir{O-e-_v[[-\-hm≥ ˛ IjvS-s∏´p kºm-Zn® [\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

 124

]cn-`qtXm ˛ \nμn-X≥, Aham\n°-s∏-´-h≥

teme-kw-]-Xv ˛ Dd∏n√mØ (\ne\n¬∏n√mØ)

kº-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

D-Nn-Xhy-b-ioex ˛ th- Xn\pam{Xw Nnehp sNøp-∂-h≥

A¥yZ-imbmw kz¿§-tah e`tX Ah-km\ImeØv kz¿§wXs∂ e`n°p∂p.

Pm¬atIm ˛ Ahn-th-In-

- N]-e› ˛ N]-e\pw (BIpw.)

(57)

Zpssÿ `mh-Kr-tl-izssc ip`-kw˛

bpt‡-£n-ssX¿hm {Iam˛

Zv`msshx kypkvXz-h-tbm-K-\n-kz-ar-Xbx

kw⁄m Iplpx ]macx

l¿tjm ZpjvIr-Xn-cn-Xy-Ym]n kctfm

\n¿`m-Ky-Zp-tcym-KIu

tbmKm-±zm-Z-itXm Zcn-{Z-hn-ate

t{]m‡m hn]-›n-÷-ss\x.

Ah-tbm-KmZn ZzmZi tbmK-߃

`mh-Kr-tl-izssc Zpssÿ ˛ `mhm-[n-]¿°p Zpÿm-\ÿnXn

Aip`-kwbpt‡ C£n-ssX¿ ˛ ]m]-tbmKw, ]m]-ZrjvSn

hm ˛ As√-¶n¬

{IamXv ˛ AXp-t]mse

`msshx ˛ `mh-ß-fn¬ ]m]-ÿnXn, ]m]-ZrjvSn

kypkvXp ˛ Cßs\ h∂m¬ 12 tbmK߃:-˛˛

1. Ah-tbm-K- ˛ Ah-tbmKw -

2 \n-kz- ˛ \n-kz-tbmKw

3 ar-Xbx ˛ ar-XntbmKw

4 Iplpx ˛ IplptbmKw

6 ]macx ˛ ]mactbmKw

6 l¿j ˛ l¿jtbmKw

7 ZpjvIr-Xn ˛ ZpjvIr-XntbmKw-

8 kcf ˛ kcftbmKw

9 \n¿`mKy ˛ \n¿`mKytbmKw

10 Zp-tcym-K ˛ Zp-tcym-KtbmKw

- 11 Zcn-{Z ˛ Zcn-{Z-tbmKw

- 12 hn-ae ˛ hna-e-tbmKw.

(58)

A{]-kn-≤nc-Xn-Zp- -l-ssZ\yx

kz¸-am-bp-c-]-am-\-a-kZv nx

kwbpXx IpN-cnXx IpX\px kym˛-

®-©-e-ÿn-Xn-cn-lm-]y-h-tbm-tK.

 125

Ah-tbm-K^ew (e·w, e·m[n-]≥)

Ah-tbm-tK -- ˛ Ah-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

A{]-kn-≤n ˛ Adnbs∏SmØh≥ --

AXn-Zp- -l ssZ\yx ˛ hfsc Zp -l-amb- Zo\-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

kz¬∏-am-bp- ˛ A¬∏m-bp v

A]-am-\-a-kZv`nx ˛ Ak-Øp-°-fn¬\n∂pw A]-am\w

kwbpX IpN-cnXx ˛ Zpkz-`m-hnIfpambn Iq´psI´v

IpX\px ˛ hncq]n

N©-e-ÿn-Xn ˛ Aÿn-cX

kymXv ˛ BIp-∂p.

(59)

kph-N-\-iqt\ym hn^-e-Ip-Spw_x

IpP-\k-amPx IpZ-i-\-N£px

aXn-kp-X-hn-Zym-hn-`hhnlot\m

cn]p-lr-X-hnØx {]`-hXn \ntkz.

\nkz-tbm-K^ew (c-- mw-`m-hw, c- mw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)

\ntkz ˛ \nkz-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

kph-N-\-iqt\ym ˛ \√ hm°p ]d-bm-Ø-h≥

hn^-e-Ip-Spw_x ˛ IpSpw-_-kp-J-an-√m-Ø-h≥

IpP-\-k-amPx ˛ NoØ Bfp-IfpsS Iq´p-sI´v

IpZ-i-\-N£px ˛ ]√n\pw IÆn\pw XI-cmdv

aXn-kp-X-hn-Zym-hn-`hhnlot\m ˛ _p≤n, a°ƒ, hnZy, hn`hw C√m-Ø-h≥

cn]p-lr-X-hnØx ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ Ih¿∂ hnØ-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.

(60)

Acn-]-cn-`qXx kl-P-hn-lot\m

a\kn hnet÷m lX-_-e-hnØx

A\p-Nn-X-I¿Ωm {ia-]-cn-Jnt∂m

hnIr-Xn-KpWx kymZnXn arXn-tbm-tK.

arXn-tbm-K^ew

(aq-∂mw-`m-hw, aq∂mw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)

arXn-tbm-tK ˛ arXn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

Acn-]-cn-`qXx ˛ i{Xp-°-fm¬ Ah-am-\n-°-s∏-´-h≥

kl-P-hn-lot\m ˛ ktlm-Z-c-cn-√m-Ø-h≥

a\kn hnet÷m ˛ a\- n¬ e÷-bn-√m-Ø-h≥

lX-_-e-hnØx ˛ _ehpw [\hpw \in-®-h≥

A\p-Nn-X-I¿Ωm ˛ DNn-X-a-√mØ I¿Ω-߃ sNøp-∂-h≥

{ia-]-cn-Jnt∂m ˛ A≤m-\w-sIm- p £oWn-®-h≥

hnIr-Xn-KpWx ˛ hn]-co-X-kz`mhKp-W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.

 126

(61)

amXr-hm-l-\-kp-l-r-’p-J-`qjm

_‘p-`n-¿hnc-lnXx ÿnXn-iq\yx

ÿm\-am-{in-X-a-t\\ lXw kymXv

Ipkv{Xn-bm-a-`n-cXx Iplp-tbm-tK.

Iplp-tbm-K-^ew

(\memw-`m-hw, \memw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)

Iplp-tbm-tK ˛ Iplp-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

amXrhm-l-\kp-l-rXv ˛ amXmh v , hml\w, -kplr-Øp-°ƒ-

kp-J `qjm _‘p-`n-x ˛ kpJw, -B`-c-W-߃, _‘p-°ƒ

hnc-lnX ˛ F∂nh C√m-Ø-h≥

ÿnXn-iq\yx ˛ ÿnXn (sXm-gn¬)- C√m-Ø-h≥

ÿm\-am-{in-X-a-t\\ lXw ˛ B{i-b-ÿm\w \jvS-s∏-´-h≥

Ipkv{Xn-bm-a-`n-cXx ˛ NoØ- kv{Xo-I-fn¬ Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≈-h≥

(62)

ZpxJ-Po-hy-\r-X-hm-K-hn-thIo

h©tIm arX-kp-tXm- f ]y-\-]Xyx

\mkvXn-tIm f ¬]-IpP-\w- `-P-tX f ku

Lkvatcm `hXn ]ma-c-tbm-tK.

]ma-c-tbmKw

(A©mw`m-hw, A©mw- m-hm-[n-]-Xn)

]ma-c-tbm-tK ˛ ]ma-c-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

ZpxJ-Po-hn ˛ ZpJnX≥

-A\r-X-hm-Iv ˛ AkXyw ]d-bp-∂-h≥

- Ahn-thIo ˛ Ahn-thIn

h©tIm - ˛ h©-I≥

arX-kp-X A]n A-\-]Xyx ˛ a°ƒ D- mhmXncn°pI,

D- mbm¬Øs∂ acn®pt]mhpI.

\mkvXn-tIm ˛ \mkvXn-I≥

A¬]- IpP-\w-`-P-tcku ˛ A¬∏-tcbpw Zp¿÷-\-ß-tfbpw

tkhn-°p-∂-h≥

LkvXtcm ˛ Xo‰-s°m-Xn-b≥, AXym¿Øn

(63)

kpJ-t`m-K-`m-Ky-Zr-V-Km-{X-kw-bptXm

\nlXm-lntXm `hXn ]m]-`o-cpIx

{]Yn-X-{]-[m-\-P-\-h-√t`m [\˛

ZypXn-an-{X-Io¿ØnkpX-hmw› l¿jPx.

 127

l¿j-tbm-K^ew

(Bdmw`m-hw, Bdmw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)

l¿jPx. ˛ l¿j-tbm-K-Øn≥ P\n-®-h≥

kpJ-t`m-K ˛ kpJ-t`m-K-߃

`m-Ky ˛ `m-Kyw

- Zr-V-Km-{X ˛ IcpØp≈ icocw

kw-bpt‡m ˛ Ch-bp-≈-h≥

\nln-Xm-lntXm ˛ CjvS-an-√m-Ø-hsc, i{Xp°sf,

Iog-S°p-∂-h≥

]m]-`o-cpIx ˛ ]m]w-sN-øp∂ Imcy-Øn¬ `ocp

{]Yn-X-{]-[m-\-P-\-h-√t`m ˛ {]kn-≤-cpw {][m-\n-I-fpambhcpsS \mb-I≥

[\ZypXn-an-{XIo¿ØnkpX-hm≥ N ˛ [\hpw Im¥nbpw an{Xßfpw Io¿Ønbpw

a°-fpw D-≈-h\pw

`hXn ˛ BIp-∂p.

(64)

kz]-Xv\o-hn-tbmKw ]c-kv{Xo-c-Xo-—mw

Zpcm-tem-I-a-≤zm\-k-©m-c-hrØnx

{]ta-lm-Zn- Kp-lym-¿-Øn-ap¿ho-i-]oUmw

htZ-±p-jvIrXu _‘p-[n-°m-c-tim-Iw.

ZpjvIr-Xn-tbm-K^ew

(Ggmw`m-hw, Ggmw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)

Zp-jvIrXu ˛ ZpjvIr-Xn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

kz]-Xv\o-hn-tbmKw ˛ `mcym-hn-tbmKw

]c-kv{Xo-c-Xo- ˛ ]ckv{Xo _‘w

Zpcm-tem-I ˛ ImgvNi‡n Ipdhv

A-≤zm\- ˛ A≤m\w

k-©m-c-hrØnx ˛ bm{Xmt¢iw

{]ta-lm-Zn ˛ {]talw XpSßnbh

-Kp-lym-¿-Øn ˛ KplytcmKw

- D¿ho-i-]oUmw ˛ cmPtIm]w

_‘p-[n-°m-c-tim-Iw. ˛ _‘p°ƒ [n°cn®Xns‚ ZpJw

(65)

Zo¿Lm-bp-jvam≥ ZrV-a-Xn-c-`bx

{ioam≥ hnZym-kp-J-[-\-k-lnXx

kn≤m-cwt`m PnX-cn-]p-c-atem

hnJym-XmJyx {]`-hXn kc-tf.

kc-f-tbm-K^ew (F´mw`mhw, F´mw`mhm[n]Xn)

kc-tf ˛ kc-f-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

Zo¿Lm-bp-jvam≥ ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp v

 128

ZrV-a-Xn- ˛ ZrV-_p≤n

A-`bx ˛ `b-an-√m-Ø-h≥

{ioam≥ ˛ {ioam≥

hnZym- kp-J [-\ k-lnXx ˛ hnZy, kpJw, -[\w Ch-bp-≈-h≥

kn≤m-cwt`m ˛ XpS-ßp-∂-sX√mw t\Sp-∂-h\pw

PnX-cn-]p- ˛ i{Xp-°sf Pbn-°p-∂-h≥

A-atem ˛ \n¿Ω-e≥

hnJym-XmJyx ˛ {]kn-≤≥

{]`-hXn ˛ (F∂nßs\) hncmPn°p-∂p.

(66)

]n{Xm¿÷nXt£{X-Kr-lm-Zn-\m-i-I-rXv

km[q≥ Kpcq≥ \nμXn [¿Ω-h¿÷nXx

{]Xv\m-Xn-Po¿Æmw-_-c-`r® Zp¿§tXm

\n¿`m-Ky-tbmtK _lp-ZpxJ`mP-\x.

\n¿`mKy-tbm-K^ew

(HºXmw`mhw, HºXmw `mhm[n]Xn)

\n¿`m-Ky-tbmtK ˛ \n¿`m-Ky-tbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥

]n{Xm¿÷nX t£{X-Kr-lm-Zn \m-i-I-rXv˛ ]nXmhp kºm-Zn® ÿew, hoSv

XpS-ßn-bh- \in-∏n-°p-∂-h≥

km[q≥ Kpcq≥ \nμXn ˛ k÷\ßtfbpw Kpcp-\m-Y-∑m- tcbpw

\nμn-°p-∂-h≥

[¿Ω-h¿÷nXx ˛ A[m¿ΩnI≥

{]Xv\m-Xn-Po¿Æmw-_-c-`r® ˛ ]g-In-°o-dnb hkv{X-߃ [cn-°p-∂-h≥

Zp¿§tXm ˛ KXn-sI-´-h≥

_lp-ZpxJ`mP-\x. ˛ hfsc ZpJ-ß-ƒ°p ]m{Xambh≥

(67)

ico-c-{]-bmsskx IrXw I¿a bØZv˛

{htP-∂n-jv^-eXzw eLpXzw Pt\jp

P\-t{Zm-l-Imco kzIp-£nw`cnx kym˛

ZP{kw {]hmko N Zptcym-K-Pm-Xx.

Zptcym-K-^ew

(]Ømw`m-hw, ]Ømw`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)F

Zptcym-K-Pm-Xx ˛ Zptcym-K-Øn¬ P\n-®h≥

ico-c-{]-bmsskx ...∂n-jv^-eXzw ˛ sNøp∂Imcy-ßsf√mw \n-jv^-e-am-bn-t∏m-Ipw.

eLpXzw Pt\jp ˛ P\-߃°p aXn∏p- mhpIbn√

P\-t{Zm-l-Imco ˛ P\-t{Zmln

kzIp-£nw`cnx ˛ kz¥w hb¿ \nd-bv°p-∂ ImcyØn-¬

am{Xw Xm¬∏cyap≈h≥

AP{kw {]hmko ˛ F∂pw A\y\m´n¬ hknt°- nhcp∂h≥

 129

(68)

EW-{KkvX Dt{Km Zcn-{Zm-{K-KtWym

`thXv I¿-Æ-tcmKo N ku{`m-{X-lo\x

AIm-cy-{]-hrØo ckm-`m-k-hmZo

]c-t{]-jyIx kym±-cn-{Zm-Jy-tbm-tK.

Zcn-{Z-tbm-K^ew (]Xns\m∂mw`m-hw, ]Xns\m∂mw`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)

Z-cn-{Zm-Jy-tbm-tK ˛ Zcn-{Z-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

EW-{KkvX ˛ IS-s°-Wn-bn¬ s]´-h≥

Dt{Km ˛ D{Kkz`mhw

Zcn-{Zm-{K-KtWym ˛ AXn-Z-cn-{Z-≥

I¿-Æ-tcmKo N ˛ I¿-Æ-tcmKn

ku{`m-{X-lo\x ˛ \√ -k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cn-√m-Ø-h\pw

AIm-cy-{]-hrØo ˛ th- m-Ø- Imcy-ß-fn¬ sN∂pNmSp-∂-h-\pw.

ckm-`m-k-hmZo ˛ I]S\mSy°mc≥

]c-t{]-jyIx ˛ a‰p≈hcpsS Zmkythe sNøp∂h≥

(69)

In-©n-Zzytbm `qcn-[-\m-`n-hr≤nw

{]bm-Xybw k¿h-P-\m-\p-Iqeyw

kpJo kzXt{¥m al-\o-b-hr-Øn¿˛

KpssWx {]XotXm hna-tem-¤-hx -kymXv

hna-e-tbm-K-^ew

(]{¥mw`m-hw, ]{¥mw`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)

hna-tem-¤-h ˛ hna-e-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

In-©n-Xv hytbm ˛ Nnehp Ipdhv (hyb`mhw A\pIqew)

`qcn-[-\m-`n-hr≤nw ˛ hfsc [\m-`n-h-r≤n

k¿h-P-\m-\p-Iqeyw ˛ k¿hcptSbpw B\pIqeyw

kpJo ˛ kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥

kzXt{¥m ˛ kzX-{¥≥

al-\o-b-hr-Øn ˛ al\obamb Imcy߃ sNøp-∂-h≥

KpssWx {]XotXm ˛ kZvKp-W-߃°p t]cp tI´-h≥.

-

(70)

On-{Zm-cn-hy-b-\m-bImx {]_-eKmx

tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-Wm{inXm

e·-thym-a-N-Xp¿∞-`m-Ky-]-Xbx

jUvc{‘-cnx-^-ÿnXmx

\n¿hocym hnK-X-{]`m bZn XZm

ZptcymK Gh kvarX˛

kvXZvhykvtX kXn tbmK-hm≥ \c-]-Xn¿˛

`q]x kpJo [m¿Ωn-Ix.

 130

Hcp ZptcymKhpw ktZymKhpw

1. ZptcymKw On{Z Acn hy-b- \m-bImx {]_-eKmx˛ 8, 6, 12 `mh-\m-Y-∑m¿ {]_e-cmbn

tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-WB{inXm ˛ tI{μw (1,4,7,10) {XntIm-Ww (5, 9) Ch-bn¬

\n¬°pIbpw

e·- thym-a-N-Xp¿∞`m-Ky]-Xb x ˛ e·w, ]Øv, \mev-, HºXv `mhm-[n-]-∑m¿

\n¿hocym hnK-X-{]`m ÿnXmx ˛ Zp¿∫-e-cmbn, civan _e-an-√msX

jUv c{‘-cn-^ ˛ Bdv, ]{¥- v-, F´v Cu `mh-ß-fn¬

\n¬°p Ibpw sNbvXm¬

ZptcymK Gh kvarX ˛ AsXmcp ZptcymKamWv

2. ktZymKw XZv -hytkvX kXn ˛ CXn∂p hn]-co-X-ambn ˛˛Zpÿm\\mY∑-m¿

Zp¿∫ecmbn Zpÿm\ßfnepw tI{μ

{XntImW \mY∑m¿ _ehm∑-mcmbn

tI{μ{XntImWßfnepw ˛˛ \n∂m¬

tbmK-hm≥ ˛ `mKyhm≥

[\-]-Xn¿ ˛ [\-hm≥

`q] ˛ cmPmhv

kpJo ˛ kpJ-ap-≈-h≥

[m¿Ωn-Ix. - ˛ [m¿Ωn-I≥.

131 

A≤ymbw 7 kzXxkn≤cmPtbmK߃

cmP-hwi-Øn¬ P\n-°p-∂-h¿°p≈ cmPtbmKßsf°pdn®mWv C\n ]dbp-∂Xv.

]mc-ºcycmPm-°-∑mcn√mØ C°m-eØv kmlNcyw hgntbm kz{]-b-Xv\w-sImt- m

h∂p tNcm-hp∂ A[n-Im-chpw kºØpw kpJ-ßfpw Cu tbmKßsf-sIm- p Nn¥n-

°-Ww.

(1)

{XymssZyx tJssSx tkzm®ssKx tI{μ-kwssÿx

kz¿£-ssÿ¿hm `q]Xnx kymXv {]kn≤x

]©m-ssZy-kvssX-c-\y-hw-i-{]-kqtXm f ˛ ]yp¿Δo-\mtYm hmc-Wm-izu-L-bp-‡x.

tbmKw 1 (Hcp PmXIØn¬)

{XymssZy tJssSx - ˛ aqt∂m \mtem {Kl-߃

D®ssK hm kz¿£-ssÿ ˛ D®Øntem kzt£{XØntem \n¬°pIbpw

tI{μ-kwssÿ ˛ B cminIƒ tI{μ-w (1˛4˛7˛10) BhpIbpw

sNøpI (Aßns\ h∂m¬ Abmƒ)

{]kn≤ `q]Xn kymXv ˛ {]kn-≤-\mb cmPm-hm-Ipw.

tbmKw 2

.ssX - ˛ Ah (Aßns\bp≈ {Kl߃)

]©m-ssZy- ˛ At©m AXn-e-[n-Itam (Ds- -¶n¬)

A\y-hw-i-{]-kqX ˛ cmP-hw-iØn-e√ P\-\-a-s√-¶nepw

(AXmbXv, km[m-c-W-°mc\mbmepw)

hmc-W Aizu-L bp-‡ ˛ B\Iƒ,IpXn-cIƒXpS-ßn-b-h- tbmSpIq-Snb

- D¿Δo-\mYm ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.

(2)

`q]mx kyp¿\r-]-hw-i-PmkvXp bZn Zp˛

tcymtK \(1) PmXm-kvXYm

ly¥[n¿\ln tNXv Icm-±n-\-Icm

÷mXmx -kv^p-c-t¥yh tX.

XymssZyx tI{μ-KssXx kzt`m-®-k-ln-ssX¿˛

`qt]m-Zv`hmx ]m¿∞nhmx

a¿Øym-kvXz-\y-Ip-tem-¤hmx £nXn-]-tX˛

kvXpeymx IZm-Nn-∂r]mx.

 132

tbmKw 3

bZn Zp¿tbmtK \ PmXmx - ˛ P\-\-Øn¬ Zptcym-K-ßsfm∂pans√¶n¬

`q]mx kypx \r-]-hw-i-Pmx ˛ cmP-hw-i-Øn-¬ P\n®h≥ cmPmhmIpw.

(1) ]mTt`Zw:

sIm√w]Xn∏n¬ Zptcym-tK\- ˛ Zptcym-K-Øn¬ P\n®h\mbmepw F∂mWp

ImWp∂Xv.

tbmKw 4

ly¥[n¿\ln tNXv Icm-±n-\-Icm

÷mXmx -kv^p-c-t¥yh tX ˛ AXn¬Øs∂ {Kl-߃°p auVyw

Cs√-¶n¬ tXPkznbmb cmPm-hm-Ipw.

tbmKw 5

{XymssZyx - ˛ aqt∂m AXn-e-[n-Itam {Kl-߃°p--

tI{μ-KssXx kz`D®k-ln-ssXx tI{μÿnXnbpw AtXm-sSm∏w

kzt£{XÿnXntbm, D®ÿnXntbm

IqSn-bp-s- -¶n¬

`qt]m-Zv`hmx ˛ cmP-hw-i-P-\m-sW-¶n¬

]m¿∞nhm ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.

A-\y-Ip-tem-¤hmx a¿Øym-kvXp˛ cmP-hw-i-P\s√-¶n¬°qSn

Cu tbmK-ß-fp-s- -¶n¬

£nXn-]-tX Xpeymx ˛ cmPm-hn\p Xpeyt\m

IZm-NnXv \r]mx ˛ Nne-t∏mƒ cmPmthm BIpw.

(3)

btZy-tIm f ]n hncm-PnXmwip\n-I-c-x

kp-ÿm-\tKm h{ItKm

\oN-tÿm f ]n(1) ItcmXn `q]-kZriw

Zzu hm {Xtbm hm {Klmx

Ghw tN÷-\-b¥n `q]Xnaao

ikvXmwi cmin-ÿn-Xm

kZz-t®-Zv _lthm \r]w ka-Ip-S-˛

-O-t{Xm-√-k-®m-a-cw.

tbmKw 7

bZn G-I A]n ˛ Hcp {Klsa¶nepw-

\oN-ÿ A]n ˛ AXp \oN-Øn-em-sW¶n¬t∏mepw (1)

Awip\n-I-c ˛ civan-_-e-tØmsS-

kp-ÿm-\tKm ˛ ip`ÿm\Øpw (6˛8˛12 Hgn®p≈h ip`w)

h{ItXm ˛ h{I-Ønepw

hncm-PnX ˛ hncm-Pn-°p∂psh¶n¬

`q]-Xn-kZriw ItcmXn {Klmx ˛ cmPm-hn\p Xpeyw {]Xm]w \¬Ip∂p.

(1) \oNÿntXm]n F∂Xn\v \oNIpSpw_Øn¬ P\n®m¬t∏mepw F∂ A¿∞ amWv

sImSpß√q¿]Xn∏n¬ sImSpØncn°p∂Xv. \oNÿnXn km[mcWKXnbn¬ cmin ÿnXn

sb ImWn°p∂XmWv.

 133

tbmKw 8

.Zzu hm {Xtbm hm {Klmx ˛ c- v As√-¶n¬ aq∂v {Kl-߃

Ghw ˛ C{]-Imcw

ikvXmwi cmin-ÿn-Xm ˛ ip`-cm-iyw-i-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ

P\-b¥n `q]Xnaao ˛ P\n-®m¬ cmPmhv BIpw.

tbmKw 9

XZz-t®-Zv _-lthm ˛ Cßs\ _e-ap≈ IqSp-X¬ {Kl-߃

Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ Ccp-∂m¬

ka-Ip-S -O-{X Nm-a-cw \r]w ek-Xv ˛ Inco-Sw, sh¨sIm-‰-°pS, sh©m-acw

Ch-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb cmPm-hmbn ]cn-e-kn-°pw.

(4)

Zzu hm {XymZym ZnKv_-e-bp‡m bZn PmXx

£vam`r-Zzwti `qan-]-Xn-x kym-÷-b-ioex

lnXzm aμw ]©-JKm ZnKv_-e-bp-‡m˛

›Xzmtcm hm `q]-Xn-c-\ym-\z-btPm f ]n.

tbmKw 10

Zzu hm {XymZym ˛ c- v As√-¶n¬ aq∂p {Kl-߃

ZnIv_-e- bp‡m* ˛ ZnKv_-e-ap-≈-hcm-sW-¶n¬

£vam`r-Zzwti bZn PmXx ˛ £{Xn-b-hw-i-Øn¬ P\n-®m¬

P-b-ioex `qan-]-Xn- kymXv- ˛ Pb-io-e-ap≈ cmPmhv BIpw

tbmKw 11 lnXzm aμw ˛ i\n- Hgn®v

NXzmtcm hm ]©-JKm ˛ \mev As√-¶n¬ A©v {Kl-߃°p

ZnKv_-e-bp-‡m ˛ ZnIv_-e-ap-≈-t∏mƒ P\n-®m¬

-A-\y A\z-btPm A]n ˛ A\y-hw-i-Øn¬ P\n-®mepw

`q]Xn ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.

* Zn-Iv_ew: (A≤ymbw 4, t«mIw 2)

{Klw `mhw

chn, IpP≥ 10

N{μ≥, ip{I≥ 4

_p[≥, hymygw 1

i\n 7

(`mh-a-≤y-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-Zn-Iv _-ew)

(5)

KtWm-Øta e·-\-hmw-i-tIm-ZvKta

\nim-I-c-›m]n KtWm-Øta f ]n hm

NXp¿{K-ssl-›-{μ-hn-h¿÷n-ssX-kvXZm

\nco-£nXx kymZ-[-tam-¤thm \r]x.

tbmKw 12

KtWm-Øta e·-\-hmw-i-tIm-ZvKta ˛ e·w h¿t§m-Ø-a-\hmw-i-Øn¬

 134

Bbn-cn-°pI,

\nim-I-c-x N A]n KtWm-Øta]n hm ˛ As√¶n¬ N{μ≥ h¿t§m-Ø-a-

\hmw-i-Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°pI,

N-{μ-hn-h¿÷n-ssX NXp¿{K-ssl ˛ (AhntSbv°p) N{μs\mgn®v \mep-

{K-l-ß-fm¬

\nco-£nXx kymXv ˛ t\m°-s∏-SpI

CXp c- pw HØp h∂m¬

A-[-tam-¤thm \r]x. --˛ Xmgv∂ Ipe-Øn¬ P\n-®mepw cmPm-hm-Ipw.

(6)

hne-t·ix tIt{μ bZn X]kn h¿t§m-Ø-a-KXx

kzXpwtK kz¿t£ hm Kpcp-]-Xn-c]n kymZyZn XYm

KPkvIt‘ Im¿Ø-kz-c-Ir-X-hn-am-t\ f Xn kpjta

kpJm-ko\w `q]w P\-bXn ek-®m-a-c-bp-Kw.

tbmKw 13, tbmKw 14 hne-t·ix tIt{μ X]kn ˛ e·m-[n-]≥ tI{μ-Øntem HºXntem

h¿t§m-Ø-a-KX ˛ h¿t§m-Ø-amwi-Øn¬ \n¬°p-I,

hm ˛ As√-¶n¬

Kpcp-]-Xn- A]n kymXv bZn ˛ Hº-Xmw-`m-hm-[n-]≥

kzXpwtK kz¿t£ ˛ D®--Øntem kzt£-{X-Øntem \n¬°pI,

XYm ˛ C{]-Imcw h∂m¬

KPkvIt‘ ˛ B\-∏p-dØv

Im¿Ø-kz-c-Ir-X- ˛ kz¿Æw sIm- p≈

kpjta hn-am-t\Xn ˛ at\m-l-c-amb hml-\Øn¬

ek-®m-a-c-bp-Kw ˛ sh©m-acßtfmsS

kpJm-ko\w `q]w ˛ kkpJw hmgp∂ cmPmhv BIpw.

(7)

\njm-Z-a]n ]m¿∞nhw P\-b-Xo-μp-cp-®-kz-`˛

ÿnX-{K-l-\n-co-£ntXm [h-f-Im-¥n-Pm-tem-÷zex

hnlmb X\p`w Iem-kv p-cnX ]q¿Æ-Im-¥n-»io

NXp-jvS-b-KtXm \r]w P\-bXn Zzn]mizm-\zn-Xw.

tbmKw 15

\njm-Zw A]n -˛ P\\w Im´m-f-Ipe-Øn-em-bmepw

P\-bXn ˛ P\\Øn¶¬

[h-f-Im-¥n-Pm-tem-÷zex ˛ sh◊-tbmsS Pzen-°p∂

Cμp- ˛ N{μ\v (]q¿Æ N{μ\v )

D-® -kz-` ÿnX ˛ D®w, kzt£{Xw Ch-bn¬ \n¬°p∂

-{K-l-\n-co-£ntXm ˛ {Kl-ß-fpsS ZrjvSn-bp-s- -¶n¬

]m¿∞nhw ˛ cmPmhv BIpw.

 135

tbmKw 16

Iem-kv^p-cnX]q¿Æ-Im-¥n-x iin ˛ civan-_eap≈ N{μ≥ (]q¿ÆN{μ≥)

hnlmb X\p`w ˛ e·w Hgn®p≈

NXp-jvS-b-KtXm ˛ GsX-¶nepw tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

Zzn] Aiz A\zn-Xx. \r]w ˛ B\-Ifpw IpXn-c-Ifpw D≈ cmPm-hmIpw.

(8)

Aizn-\ym-ap-Z-b-KtXm `rKp¿{Ktl-ss{μ¿˛

ZrjvS-t›÷-\-bXn `q]Xnw PnXmcnw

\oNm-cn-Krl-a-]-lmb hnØ-kw-tÿ

et·-i- l Ihn\m _eo N `q]w.

tbmKw 17

Aizn-\ym-w D-Z-b-KtXm `rKp ˛ Aiz-Xn- e·ambn ip{I≥ AXn¬ \n¬°pI,

{Ktl-ss{μ ZrjvS tNXv ˛ B ip{I\p ip`{Kl-ZrjvSnbp- mIpI

Ch HØp h∂m¬

PnXmcnw `q]Xnw P-\-bXn ˛ i{Xp-°sf Pbn-°p∂ cmPm-hmIpw.

tbmKw 18

et·-i-\oNAcn-Kr-lwA]-lmb ˛ e·m-[n-]-≥ \oN-cm-in-ÿnXnbpw

i{Xp-t£{X-ÿnXn-bpw C√msX

Ihn\m kl ˛ ip{It\mSp-IqSn

_eo N ˛ _e-hm-\mbn

hnØ-kw-tÿ ˛ c- n¬ \n∂m¬

`q]w ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.

9)

`ua-t›-Z-P-lcnNm]-e-·-kwÿx

]rYzoiw Ie-bXn an{X-tJ-S-ZrjvSx

I¿tatim \h-a-K-X› `mKy-\mtYm

a≤ytÿm `hXn \rt]m Pss\x {]i-kvXx.

tbmKw 19

AP- lcn Nm] -e-·- ˛ taSw, Nnßw, [\p Chbnsem∂p e·-ambn

AXn¬

an{X-tJ-S-ZrjvS ˛ an{X-{K-l-ß-fpsS ZrjvSn-tbmsS (cNKp)

`ua-t›Xv ˛ IpP≥

kwtÿm ˛ ÿnXn-sN-bvXm¬

]r∞oiw Ie-bXn ˛ cmPm-hmIpw.

 136

tbmKw 20

I¿tΩtim \h-a-K-X› ˛ ]Ømw-`m-hm-[n-]Xn Hº-Xnepw

`mKy-\mtYm a≤ytÿ ˛ HºXmw `mhm-[n-]≥ ]Ønepw \n∂m¬

\rt]m `hXn Pss\x {]ikvXx ˛ P\-{]-i-kvX-\mb cmPm-hm-Ipw.

(10)

Nm]m¿t≤ `K-hm≥ kl-{k-In-c-W˛

-kvX-ss{Xh Xmcm-[nt]m

et· `m\p-kp-tXm f Xn-ho-cy-k-ln-X˛

- t zmt® N `q\-μ\x

btZyhw `hXn £ntX-c-[n-]-Xn-x

kw-{inXy Zqcw `b-˛

- {XkvXm Gh \a¥n bky -cn-]thm

ZKv≤mx {]Xm-]m-·n-\m.

tbmKw 21

Nm]m¿t≤ `K-hm≥ kl-{k-In-c-W-x- ˛ [\phns‚ BZy-]-Ip-Xn-bn¬ kqcy\pw

Xss{Xh Xmcm-[nt]m N{μ\pw

et· `m\p-kp-tXm AXn-ho-cy-k-ln-X˛ e·Øn¬ AXn_ehm-\mbn i\n-

tkzmt® N `q\-μ\x ˛ IpP≥ D®-Øn¬

btZyhw `hXn ˛ Ch HØp-h-∂m¬

£ntX-c-[n-]-Xnx kw-{inXy Zqcw `bm-Xv

{XkvXm Gh \a¥n bky-cn-]thm ZKv≤mx {]Xm-]m-·n-\m. ˛˛

{]Xm-]m-·n-bn¬ Zln-®p-t]m-Iptam F∂ `b-tØmsS i{Xp-°ƒ AI∂p amdn

\n∂p \a-kv°-cn-°p∂ {]Xm-]n-bmb cmPm-hmIpw.

(11)

kp[m-ar-Wm-tfm-]-a-_nw-_-tim-`nXx

iio \hmwti \fn-\o-{]n-bky

bZn £nXotim _lp-l-kvXn-]q¿Æx

ip`m› tIt{μjp \ ]m]-bp-‡mx.

tbmKw 22 kp[mar-Wm-tfm-]-a-_nw-_tim-`nXx iio

˛ sh≈-Øm-a-c-∏qt]mse tim`n-°p∂ _nw_-tØm-Sp-IqSnb N{μ≥ - -(]q¿ÆN-{μ≥) \fn-\o-{]n-bky \hmwti ˛ kqcy\hmw-i-Ønepw (NnßØnepw)

ip`m› ˛ ip`-{K-l-߃

\ ]m]-bp-‡mx. ˛ ]m]-{K-l-tbm-K-an-√msX

tIt{μjp ˛ tI{μ-ß-fnepw ÿnXn-sN-øp∂p

bZn ˛ F¶n¬

_lp-l-kvXn-]q¿Æx ˛ hfsc B\-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb

£nXotim ˛ cmPmhv BIpw.

 137

(12)

\oNm-cn-h¿§-c-ln-ssX¿hn-l-ssKkv{Xn-`nkvXp

kzmwtim-]-ssK¿_ebpssXx ip`-Zr-jvSn-PpjvssSx

tKm£o-c-iw-J-[-htfm arK-em-RvO-\›

kymZ-ky- P-∑\n k `qan-]-Xn¿÷n-Xm-cnx.

tbmKw 23

\oNAcnh¿§c-ln-ssX ˛ \oNtam i{Xph¿§ÿnXntbm C√mØ

- hn-l-ssK {Xn`nkvXp ˛ aq∂p {Kl-߃

kzmwtim-]ssK ˛ kz\hmwißfn¬,

_e-bpssX- ˛ _e-hm-∑m-cmbn

ip`-Zr-jvSn-PpjvssS ˛ ip`-{K-l-Zr-jvSn-tbmsS \n¬°pIbpw

tKm£o-ciw-J-[-htfm arK-em-RvO-\› ˛ ]ip-hn≥ ]m¬, iwJv Ch-t]mse

sh◊bp≈ N{μ≥ (]q¿Æ-N-{μ-≥)

kymZ-ky- P-∑\n ˛ e·Øn¬ \n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬

k Pn- Xm-cnx `qan-]-Xn ˛ Ah≥ i{Xp-tP-Xm-hmb cmPm-hm-Ipw.

(13)

Ipap-Z-Ip-kp-a-_-‘pw t{ijvT-awiw(1) {]]∂w

bZn _e-k-ap-t]Xw ]iyXn thyma-Nmco

DZ-b-`-h-\-kwÿx ]m]-kw-t⁄m f ]n \ ssNhw

`hXn a\p-P-\mY km¿Δ- u-a- p-tZl.

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛t{ijvTawKw

tbmKw 24

t{ijvT-awiw{]]∂w ˛ t{ijvTamb AwisØ ˛ AwKsØ ˛

˛ ]£_esØ {]m]n®

Ipap-Z-Ip-kp-a-_-‘pw ˛ N{μs\

DZb`h\kwÿx ˛ e·Øn¬ \nv¬°p∂

_ekapt]Xx thymaNmco ˛ _ehm\mb Hcp {Klw

bZn ]iyXn ˛ t\m°p∂psh¶n¬

km¿Δ- u-a kp-tZl a\p-P-\mY ˛ k¿Δ`qanbptSbpw A-[n-]\pw

ZrV-Km-{X\pw Bb cmPmhmIpw.

“...]m]-kw-t⁄m f ]n \ ssNhw ” F∂Xn\v “ e·Øn¬ ]m]¿ ]mSn√ ” F∂

A¿∞amWv Zn√n ]Xn∏pIfn¬ sImSpØncn°pXv. aebmfw ]Xn∏pIfn¬ ”e·Øn¬

\nv¬°p∂ {Klw ]m]\mbncp∂mepw ” F∂ hn]coXm¿∞hpw ImWp∂p.

(14)

Pothm _pt[m `rKp-kp-tXm f Y \nim-Itcm hm

[¿tΩ hnip-≤-`-ht\(1) kv^pSc-ivan-Pmemx

anss{X¿\n-co-£n-X-bpXm bZn kqXn-Imte

Ip¿h¥n tZh-k-Zriw \r]Xnw alm-¥w.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw hnip-≤-X-\hx

 138

tbmKw 25 kqXn-Imte ˛ {]khkabØp

Pothm _pt[m `rKp-kp-tXm \nim-Itcm˛ hymgw, _p[≥, ip{I≥, N{μ≥ Ch-cn-sem-cp

{Klw

hnip-≤-`-ht\ [¿tΩ ˛ ip`-`-h-\-amb Hº-Xn¬

kv^pS-c-ivan-Pmemx ˛ civan-_-e-tØmsS \n¬°pIbpw

anss{X \n-co-£n-X- ˛ an{X-{K-l-Øns‚ ZrjvSntbm

bpXm ˛ tbmKtam D- m-hpIbpw

bZn ˛ sNøp-∂psh¶n¬ (Ch HØp h∂m¬)

tZh-k-Zriw alm¥w \r]Xnw Ip¿h¥n˛ tZh-Xp-ey-\pw alm\pw -Bb cmPm-hm-Ipw.

(15)

ipt{IUyu khn-Xp-x in-ip-kvXn-an-bptK tkzmt® N ]q¿Æ-»io

ZrjvSkv{Xo{hhn-tem-N-t\\ Zn\-Ir-t∑-tjm-Z-tb f ku \r]x

tk\m-bm-›-e-t\\ tcWp-]-S-ssecyky {]arjvtS chm˛

hkvX-{`m-¥n-k-am-Ipem Ia-en\o kt¶m-N-am-K-—-Xn.

tbmKw 26

ip{I CuUy khnXpxinip Xn-an-bptK ˛ ip{I≥, hymgw, i\n Ch¿ ao\-Ønepw,

]q¿Æ-x iio tkzmt® N ˛ ]q¿Æ-N-{μ≥ D®-Ønepw,

Zn\-IrXv ˛ kqcy\p

ZrjvS {Xo{hhn-tem-N-t\\ ˛ IpP-Zr-jvSnbpw,-

ta-jw D-Z-bw ˛ taSw e·amhpIbpw sNbvXm¬

(Ch HØp h∂m¬)

\r]x ˛ cmPmhv BIpw. Ct±-l-Øns‚˛˛

tk\m-bm ˛ tk\-I-fpsS

-N-e-t\\ ˛ \o°w- (]Stbm´w) sIm- v s]mßp∂

tcWp-]-S-sse ˛ s]mSn-]-S-eØm¬

{]arjvtS ({]-hn-jvtS) chm ˛ aßnb kqcy-s\-°- v

AkvX-{`m-¥n-k-am-Ipem ˛ AkvX-a-\-am-bn-sb∂ {`m¥n ({`aw) aqew

Ia-en\o ˛ Xma-c∏qhn\p

kt¶m-N-am-K-—-Xn ˛ kt¶m-Nw hcp-∂p. (Iqºp-∂p.)

(Cu cmPm-hn‚ ssk\yw am¿®vsNbvXp t]mIp-tºmƒ Db-cp∂ s]mSn-]-S-ew-sIm- p

kqcy≥ ad-bp-Ibpw AXp I- v AkvX-a-b-am-bn-sb∂p IcpXn Xma-c-∏q-hp-Iƒ Iqºm≥

XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂p kmcw. hf-sc-tbsd ssk\y-ap≈ cmPm-hm-Ip-sa-∂¿∞w.)

(16)

\oNm-cn-ssÿ-ccn`-h-ssKx jjvTZp›n-XvIssK¿hm

kutay(1) tkzm®w ]c-ap-]-K-ssX¿\n¿Ωssex tI{μ-ssK¿hm

B⁄mw bmtX inin-c-In-ctW I¿-°-Stÿ \nim-bm˛

taI-—{Xw {Xn`p-h-\-anZw bky k £{Xn-tbix. (1) ]mTt^Zw: ]mss]x ˛ sNdph≈n

 139

tbmKw 27 (1) \oNAcnssÿ `-hssKx jjvTZp›n-XvIssKx-

˛ \oNØntem i{Xp-t£{XØntem \n¬°p∂ {KlßfpsS ÿnXn

3˛6˛11 Ifn¬ (Zpÿm\ßfn¬) BhpI

(2) kussayx tkzm®w ]c-ap-]-K-ssX\n¿Ωssex tI{μ-ssKx

˛ ip`-{K-l-߃ D®-Øn¬ \n¬°pI, B D®w tI{μ-amhpIbpw sNøpI

(3) \nim-bmw

˛ P\\w cm{XbnemhpI

(2) inin-c-In-ctW I¿-°-Stÿ B⁄mw bmtX

˛ N{μ≥ I¿°-S-Iw ]Ømw`mhambn -AXn¬ \n¬°pI,

(Ch HØp h∂m¬)

GI-—{Xw {Xn`p-h-\-anZw £{Xn-tbix.

˛ H‰ IpS-°o-gn¬ aq∂p temIhpw `cn-°p∂ cmPm-hv (GI—{Xm[n]Xn)

BIpw.

(17)

h¿t§m-Øta lna-I-c-x kIcx (1) ÿntXmwti

Ipcym-∑-lo-]-Xn-a-]q¿h-b-tim-`n-cmaw

bkym-iz-hr-μ-Jp-c-Lm-X-c-tPm-`n`qtXm

`m\px {]`m-X-i-int\m f \pI-tcmXn cq]w.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kIe

tbmKw 28

h¿t§m-Øta lna-I-cx k-Icx ÿntXmwti˛ N{μ≥ h¿t§ma-ØamwiØn¬

civan_e-tØmsS \n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬

A-]q¿h- b-tim-`n-cmaw a-lo-]-Xn ˛ A]q¿h-Io¿Øn-bp≈ cmPmhv BIpw.

bkyA-iz-hr-μ Jp-c-Lm-X c-tPm-`n`qtXm˛C-t±-l-Øn-s‚ IpXn-c-I-fpsS Ipf-ºp-Iƒ

X´n Dbcp∂ s]mSn-]-S-e-Øm¬

`m\px {]`m-X-i-int\m A\pI-tcmXn cq]w˛kqcy≥ {]`m-X-Ønse N{μ-s\-t∏mse

\njv{]-`-am-Ipw.

(18)

tI{μKu ln bZn Pohiim¶u

bky P∑\n N `m¿§-h-ZrjvSu

`q]-Xn¿`-hXn tkm f Xpe-Io¿Øn¿˛

\oNtKm bZn \ I›n-Znl kymXv.

tbmKw 29

bky P∑\n ˛ BcpsS P\-\-ØnemtWm

`m¿§-h-ZrjvSu Poh iim¶u ˛ ip{I-ZrjvSntbmsS hymghpw N{μ\pw

bZn tI{μKu k ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ ÿnXn-sNøp-∂X,v Ah≥

AXpe-Io¿Øn `q]-Xn `-hXn ˛ henb Io¿Ønam\mb cmPmhmIpw.

bZn \oNtKm ˛ Cu ÿnXn \oN-ØnemsW-¶n¬

\ I›n-Znl kymXv ˛ - tbmK^-e-an-√.

 140

19)

PeNc-cm-in- \-hmw-iI Cμp˛

kvX\p-`-ht\ ip`Zx kzI-h¿t§

k ip`-Icx (1) Jep I- -Ibpt‡m(2)

`hXn \rt]m _lp-hm-c-W-\m-Yx.

]mT-t`Zw (1) Aip-`-Ic (2) I- -I-lo-t\m. (I]q¿) *

tbmKw 30

PeNc-cm-in -\-hmw-iI ˛ PecminIfn¬ (I¿°-S-Iw, aI-cw, ao\w)

H∂p \hmwiambn

ip`Zx kzI-h¿t§ ˛ kzh¿§_etØmsSbpw

ip`-Icx ˛ civan_etØmsSbpw

Cμp ˛ N{μ≥

X\p-`-ht\ ˛ e·Øn¬ \n¬°pI;

I- -I-bpt‡m -˛ (AXs√-¶n¬ Cßs\ _ehm\mbn)

tI{μßfnsem∂n¬ \n¬°p-I,

Cßs\ h∂m¬

_lp-hm-c-W-\m-Yx. ˛ At\Iw B\-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb

\rt]m `hXn ˛ cmPmhv BIpw.

*I]qdns‚ hymJym\w

If at birth the Moon be in a watery sign and Navamsa identical with Lagna and also be in his own or benefic Varga, with no malefics in Kendra, the native becomes a King owning many elephants.

Z£ntW¥y≥ hymJym\ßfn¬ Aip`Ic≥ ip`Ic\pw, I- Ilo\w I- I

bp‡hpw BWv. AXmWv icnsb∂p tXm∂p∂p.

(20)

ipt{Im Poh-\n-co-£ntXm hnX-\ptX `qt]m-¤hw `q]Xnw

tZthtUym arK`w hnlmb X\ptKm atØ-`-bp‡w \r]w

tIt{μ P∑-]-Xn¿∫-em-[n-I-bpXx Ipcym-≤-cn-{Xo-]Xnw

ZrjvtS hmIv]-Xn\m _pt[ Z[Xn ]r∞zo-im® X—m-k-\w.

tbmKw 31 ---- ˛ 34

Poh ipt{I \n-co-£ntX ˛ ip{I\p hymgZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬

hnX-\ptX `qt]m-¤hw `q]Xnw ˛ kzXx-kn-≤-cm-P-tbm-K-amWv.

arK`w hnlmb X\ptKm ˛ aIcw Hgn®v Hcp cmin e·-amhpIbpw

AXn¬

tZthtUym ˛ hymgw \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬

atØ-`-bp‡w \r]w ˛ B\-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb cmPm-hv BIpw.

P∑-]-Xn _-em-[n-I-bpXx ˛ e·m-[n-]≥ _e-hm-\mbn

tIt{μ Ipcym-Xv [-cn-{Xo-]Xnw ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂m¬ cmPm-hm-Ipw.

 141

hmIv]-Xn\m _pt[ ZrjvtS ˛ _p[\p hymgZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬

X—m-k-\w ]r∞zo-im® Z[Xn ˛ Ahs‚ I¬∏\ cmPm-°-∑mcpw

A\p-k-cn-°pw.

(21)

GtIm f ]yp®-t£-{XtKm an{X-ZrjvSx

IpcymXv `q]w an{X-tbm-Km-≤-\mVyw

kzmwti kqtcy kz¿£-K-›-{μamt›

t±im-[oiw kmiz-\mKw hn[-tØ.

tbmKw 35 GI A]n ˛ GsX-¶nepw Hcp {Klw

D®-t£-{XtKm ˛ D®-Øn¬ \n¬ °p-Ibpw

an{X-ZrjvSx ˛ AXn\p an{X-ZrjvSn

Ipcym¬ ˛ D- m-hpIbpw sNbvXm¬

`q]w ˛ Abmƒ cmPm-hm-Ipw.

an{X-tbm-Km-≤-\mVyw ˛ an{X-tbm-K-am-Wv D≈sX¶n¬ [\m-Vy-\mIpw.

tbmKw 36

kqtcy ˛ kqcy≥

kzmwti ˛ Xs‚ Awi-I-Ønepw

N-{μam ˛ N{μ≥

kz¿£-Kx- ˛ kzt£-{X-Ønepw \n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬

kmiz-\mKw ˛ IpXn-c-I-tfmSpw -B\-ItfmSpw IqSnb

tZim-[oiw ˛ cmPmhv BIpw.

(22)

aot\ ]q¿Æ-tPym-Xnjn an{X-K-l-ZrjvtS

Nt{μ temIm-\-μ-I-c- ym-∂r-]-apJyx

]q¿Æ-tPymXnx tkzm®-K-X-t›Øp-ln-\mw-ip˛

kvXymKm-[nIyw k÷-\-ikvXw PK-Zo-iw.

tbmKw 37

Nt{μ ]q¿Æ-tPym-Xnjn -˛ ]q¿Æ-N-{μ≥

an{X-{K-l-ZrjvtS ˛ an{X-Zr-jvSn-tbmsS

aot\ ˛ ao\-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

temIm-\-μ-I-c-kymXv ˛ temIm-\-μ-I-c-amb

\r-]-apJy ˛ cmP-ap-Jy-\m-Ipw.

tbmKw 38

]q¿Æ-tPymXnx -Xp-ln-\mw-ip ˛ ]q¿ÆN{μ≥

tkzm®-K-X- ˛ D®-Øn¬ (CShØn¬) \n∂m¬

 142

k÷-\-ikvXw ˛ k÷-\-ßfm¬ {]iw-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂

PK-Zo-iw ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.

D®cminbn¬ \n¬°p∂ ]q¿ÆN{μ≥ civan°pdhp≈h\mbncp∂mepw k÷\

ßfm¬ ]pIgvØs∏Sp∂h\pw Zm\ioe\pw Bb temIm[n]Xnbmbn `hn°pw F∂mWv

sIm√w ]Xn∏n¬ ImWpXv.

(23)

]m]m-kv{Xn-i-{Xp-`-hKm bZn P∑-\m-Ym˛

√·m-≤t\ IpP-_p[u ln_p-tI f ¿°-ip{Iu

I¿Ωm-b-e-·-k-lnXmx IpP-a-μ-Po-hm˛

kvXPv⁄m hZ¥n NXp-c-kvXznl cmP-tbm-Km≥.

tbmKw 39 ˛ 42

]m]m-x {Xni-{Xp`-hKm bZn P∑-\m-Ym¬ ˛ e·m-[n-]-\n¬\n∂pw 3, 6, 11 -

`mhß-fnembn ]m]-∑m¿ \n¬°p-I

e·m-Xv [t\ ˛ e·-Øn¬\n∂pw c- n¬

IpP-_p[u ˛ IpP\pw _p[-\pw-IqSn \n¬°pI

ln_p-tI A¿° -ip{Iu ˛ \men¬ kqcy\pw ip{I\pw IqSn

\n¬°pI

I¿Ω B-b -e-·- k-lnXmw ˛ 10, 11, e·w Ch-I-fn¬ {Ia-Øn¬

IpP -a-μ -Po-h ˛ IpP≥, i\n, hymgw F∂n-h¿ \n¬°pI

˛ Cßs\ h∂m¬

⁄m NXp-c-kvXznl cmP-tbm-Km≥ hZ¥n˛ hnZzm-∑m¿ \mep Xc-Øn-ep≈

cmP-tbm-K-߃ ]d-bp∂p.

(24)

Nt{μ f Xnan-{XmwiKtX kpZrjvtS

ipt{IW e£vaok-lntXm \r]- ymXv

XYm-ÿntX hmk-h-a-{¥n-ZrjvtS

]q¿tÆm [cn{Xnw ]cn-]m-e-tb-’x.

tbmKw 43

AXnan-{XmwiKtX Nt{μ ˛ AXn-an-{Xmw-iØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥

ipt{IW kpZrjvtS ˛ ip{I-\m¬ t\m°-s∏-´m¬

e£vaok-lntXm \r]- ymX ˛ sFiz-cy-hm-\mb \r]-\m-Ipw.

tbmKw 44

.XYm-ÿntX ˛ Aßs\bp≈ N{μs\

hmk-h-a-{¥n-ZrjvtS ˛ hymgw t\m°n-bm¬

]q¿tÆm [cn{Xnw ]cn-]m-e-tb-Xv k˛ `qan apgp-h≥ ]men-°pw.

(25)

emt`-i-[¿tΩ-i-[-t\-iz-cm-Wm˛

tatIm]n N{μ-{K-l-tI-{μ-h¿Øo

 143

kz]p-{X-em-`m-[n-]-Xn¿Kp-cp-t›˛

ZJ-fikm-{am-Py-]-Xn-Xz-ta-Xn.

tbmKw 45

emt`-i- [¿tΩ-i [-t\-iz-cm-Wmw ˛ 11, 9, 2 `mhm-[n-]cn¬

GtIm]n ˛ Hcmƒ

N{μ-{K-l -tI-{μ-h¿Øo ˛ N{μs‚ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n¬°pIbpw,

kz]p-{Xem-`m-[n-]-Xn ˛ 2, 5, 11 `mh-ß-fn-sem-∂ns‚ A[n-]≥

Kp-cp-t›Xv ˛ hymg-am-hpIbpw sNbvXm¬

AJ-WvU-km-{am-Py-]-Xn-Xz-ta-Xn. ˛ AJ-WvU-km-{amPy]Xn-bm-Ipw.

\oN`wKcmPtbmK߃ (26)

\oN-ÿntXm P∑\n tbm {Klkym˛

Ø{Zm-in-\m-tYm f ]n XZp-®-\mYx

k N-{μ-e-·m-ZyZn tI{μ-h¿Øo

cmPm `th-≤m¿Ωn-I-N-{I-h¿Øn.

tbmKw 46 \oN-ÿntXm P∑\n {Kl- kymXv ˛ P\-\-k-a-bØp \oN-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂

{Kl-Øns‚

XXv cm-in-\m-Y A]n ˛ AXns‚ (\oNcmin-bpsS) \mYt\m

XXv D-®-\mY ˛ AXns‚ D®-cm-in-bpsS \mYt\m

N-{μ-e-·m-Zv ˛ N{μ-e-·-Øn¬\n∂pw

bZn tI{μ-h¿Øo ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬

[m¿Ωn-I-N-{I-h¿Øn cmPm `thXv- ˛ [¿Ωn-jvT\mb cmPm-hmIpw.

XXv D®\mY ˛ hymJym\t`Zw:

1. (\oN)cmiy[n]s‚ D®cminbpsS A[n]t\m ˛ sNdph≈n

2. the planet that is exalted in the sign - Kapoor 3. \oNw {]m]n® cminbn¬ D®ap≈ {Klw ˛ tPymXnj\nL- p.

(27)

btZytIm \oN-K-X-kvX-{Zm-iy-[n-]-kvX-Zp-®]x tIt{μ

bky k Xp N{I-h¿Øo kakvX`q]m-e-h-μymw{Lnx.

tbmKw 47 bZn GtIm \oN-K-X

˛ GsXmcp {Kl-Øn\p GsXmcp cmin-bn¬ \oNw kw`-hn-°p-∂pthm

XXv cmiy-[n] ˛ B cm-inbpsS -\mYt\m

X-Xv D-®]x ˛ AXns‚ D®-cm-in-bpsS \mYt\m

tIt{μ ˛ e·tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

 144

kakvX`q]m-e h-μymw{Lnx N{I-h¿Øo

˛ F√m cmPm-°-∑mcmepw hμn°s∏Sp∂ N{I-h¿Øn-bm-Ipw

(28)

bkvan≥ cmiu h¿ØtX tJN-c-kvX˛

{Zmio-ti\ t{]£n-X-t›’ tJSx

t£mWo-]mew Io¿Øn-a¥w hnZ-[ymXv

kpÿm\t›Xv(1) Inw ]p\x ]m¿∞n-th-{μx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: kpÿx kymt®Xv

tbmKw 48

bkvan≥ cmiu tJN-c- h¿ØtX ˛ bmsXmcp {Klw bmsXmcp cminbn¬

(\oNØn¬) \n¬°p∂pthm

tJSx XXv cmio-ti\ t{]£n-X-x tNXv ˛ B {Klw B cmin-\m-Y-\m¬

t\m°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

Io¿Øn-cXv\w t£mWo-]mew ˛ Io¿Øn-am-\mb cmPmhv BIpw.

kpÿm\x tNXv ]m¿∞n-th-{μx.... ˛ B cmin Hcp kpÿm-\w IqSnbm

sW¶n¬ ]n-s∂- ]dbm\pt- m?

(29)

\otN XnjvTXn bkvX-Zm{inX-Kr-lm-[otim hne-·m-ZyZm

N{μmZzm bZn -\o-N-Kky hnl-K-tkym-®¿£-\m-tYm f Yhm

tIt{μ XnjvTXn tNXv {]]q¿Æ-hn-`-hx -kym®-{I-h¿Øo- \rt]m

[¿-Ωn-jvtTm f \y-a-lo-i-h-μn-X-]-Z-kvtXtPm -b-tim -`m-Ky-hm≥.

tbmKw 49

\otN -XnjvTXn ˛ (bmsXmcp {Klw) \oN-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂pthm

b XXv - B{inX Kr-lm-[otim ˛ B \oNcmin-bpsS \mYt\m

bZn -\o-N-Kky hnl-K-tkym ˛ \oN-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-Øns‚

-D®¿£-\m-tYm ˛ D®-cm-in-bpsS \mYt\m

hne-·m-ZyZm AYhm N{μtZzm ˛ e·mtem As√-¶n¬ N{μmtem

tIt{μ XnjvTXn tNXv ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬

{]]q¿Æ -hn-`-h- kymXv ˛ Ah≥ F√m hn-`-h-ß-tfmSpw

tX-tPm b-tim- ˛ tXP-t m-Sp-w bit mSpw IqSnb

`m-Ky-hm≥ [¿-Ωn-jvtT ˛ `m-Ky-hm\pw [¿-Ωn-jvT\pw Bb,

-A\y-a-lo-i-h-μn-X-]-Z ˛ a‰pcmPm-°-∑m¿ hμn°p∂]mZ-ßtfm-Spw-

IqSnb,

- N-{I-h¿Øo ˛ N{I-h¿ØnbmIpw.

(30)

\otN -b-kvXky \otNm-®-t`iu ZzmthI Gh hm

tI{μ-ÿ-t›-®-{I-h¿Øo `q]x kymZv `q]-h-μnX.

 145

tbmKw 50 \otN ˛ \oN-Øn¬

-b- Xky ˛ bmsXm-cp -{K-l-amtWm \n¬°p-∂Xv

B {Kl-Øns‚

\oN ˛ \oNcmin-bp-sSbpw -

D-® ˛ D-®-cmin-bp-sSbpw

-t`iu ˛ \mY-∑m¿

Zzm ˛ c- ptam

hm ˛ As√-¶n¬

GI Gh ˛ Hs∂-¶neptam

tI{μ-ÿ-t›Xv- ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

`q]-h-μnX ˛ cmPm-°-∑m¿ hμn-°p∂

N-{I-h¿Øo `q]x kymXv ˛ N{I-h¿Øn-bm-Ipw.

Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ \oN-ap≈ {Klßsf ImWp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ {i≤n-°p-I: \oN-`wK

cmP-tbm-K-ap-- m-Imw.

146 

A≤ymbw 8

`mhm{i-b-^ew- (HºXp {Kl-߃ ]{¥- p `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ ^e-߃)

{Kl-Im-c-I-Xzw, `mhm-[n-]-Xyw, `mhÿnXn F∂nh A\p-k-cn-®mWv {Kl-߃ ^e-w

\¬Ip-I. CXn¬ `mh-ÿn-Xn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ ip`-∑m¿ kpÿm-\-ß-fnepw ]m]-∑m¿

Zpÿm-\-ß-fnepw A\p-Iq-e-^-esØ sNøpw F∂XmWv ASnÿm\XØzw. ^e-Zo-]nI

A\p-k-cn®v AjvS-a-cn-]p-hy-b-ßfpw (8-˛6˛12) PmX-I-N-{μnI A\p-k-cn®v {Xnj-Um-b-ßfpw

(3˛6-˛11) BWv Zpÿm-\-߃. F∂m¬ B \nbaw ]q¿Æ-ambpw ChnsS ]men®p ImWp-

∂n-√. {Kl-ß-fp-sS-bpw `mhß-fp-sSbpw KpW-tZm-j-߃, Imc-I-Xz-߃, `mh-Øn¬

\n¬°p∂ {Klhpw `mhm-[n-]\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w, `mhm-¤m-h-Nn¥ XpSßn At\Iw

Imcy-߃ IW-°n-se-Sp-ØmWv HºXp {Kl-߃ ]{¥- p `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m-ep-- m-

Ip∂ ^e-߃ ChnsS ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]mT-t`-Z-ßfpw A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ßfpw ]Xn-

hp-t]mse C°m-cy-Ønepw kpe-`-am-Wv.

{Kl-߃ \n¬°p∂ `mh-ßsf am{X-a√, Ah-bpsS ZrjvSn hogp∂ `mh-ß-sf-°qSn

Ah-bpsS kzm[o\w _m[n-°p-sa∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw Hm¿Ωn-°-Ww.

{Kl߃ s]mXpsh A\pIqeamb `mh߃ {Klw A\p-Iq-e-w

c, Ip, a 3 6 10 11

N 6 8 12 Hgn®p≈h

_p 3 6 12 Hgn®p≈h

Kp 3 6 8 12 Hgn®p≈h

ip 3 6 7 Hgn®p≈h

k, in 3 6, 11

CXn¬ ]dbmØh s]mXpsh an{i^etam, {]Xn-Iqetam Bbncn°pw. ImcI≥ `mhß

fn¬ hcp∂ ÿeßfn¬ B {]tXyIhnjbØn¬ KpW^ew D- mhn√.

AXmbXv, ]m]-∑m-cmb kqcy≥, IpP≥, i\n, cmlp, tIXp F∂n-h¿ ZpkvYm-\-ß-

fmb 3, 6 `mh-ßfn¬ A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]Xns\m∂n¬ F√m {Kl-ßfpw ]Øn¬

 147

cmlp- tI-Xp-°ƒ Hgn-®p≈ Ggp {Kl-ßfpw A\p-Iq-e-am-Wv. 1 2˛¬ ip{I≥ am{Xhpw

8˛¬ _p[\pw ip{I\pw am{Xhpw KpWw sNøpw.

Cu A\p-Iq-e-^-e-Øns‚ Xo{hX {Kl-Øn-s‚bpw `mh-Øn-s‚bpw _e-a-\p-k-cn-®n-

cn-°pw. Cu ^e-߃ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Hmtcm {Kl-Øns‚bpw Zi, A-]-lm-cw- XpS-

ßnb Im-e-ßfnepam-bn-cn-°pw. ka-b-\n¿Æ-b-Øn\v tKmN-cmhÿ CXn-t\mSp tN¿Øp

Nn¥n-°-Ww. {Kl˛-`m-h-_-e-w Adn-bm-\p≈ am¿§w- t\csØ hnh-cn-®p. Zim-^ew ^e-Zo-

]nI ]sØm-ºXmw A≤ym-b-Ønepw Nmc-^ew Ccp-]-Øn-bmdmw A≤ym-b-Ønepw hnh-

cn°p∂p- v.

Imc-I≥ AtX Imc-I-Xz-ap≈ `mh-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂Xv \√-X√ F∂ \nbaw IqSn

ChnsS Hm¿t°-- -Xp-- v. kqcy≥ ]nXr-Im-c-I-\m-Wv. `mh-ßfn¬ ]nXr-Im-c-IXzw Hº-Xn-

\pw. AXp-sIm- v Hº-Xn¬ s]mXpsh A\p-Iq-e-amb kqcy≥ ]nXm-hns‚ Imcy-

Øn¬am{Xw Aip`w sNøpw. AXp-t]mse cpNIw XpS-ßnb tbmK-߃ Dt- m- F∂p

t\m°n AX-\p-k-cn®v ChnsS ]d-™n-´p≈ ^eßfn¬ th- am‰w hcp-Ø-Ww.

1.kqcy≥

kqcy≥ kuay-\-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ 3, 6, 10, 11 F∂o `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m¬ A\p-Iq-ehpw

a‰p `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m¬ {]Xn-Iq-e-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]nXm-hns‚ Imcy-sam-gn-®m¬ Hº-Xnepw

kqcy≥ A\p-Iq-e-\m-Wv.

kqcy≥ e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬ ico-c-{]-Ir-Xn-bnepw kz`m-h-Ønepw {]I-S-am-Ip∂

{]tXy-I-X-IfmWv - ASpØ t«mI-Øn¬ {][m-\ambpw ]d-bp-∂Xv. -e·-Øns‚ cmin,

cmiy-[n-]≥, kqcy≥, N{μ≥, e·-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw, e·-Øn-te-bv°p t\m°p∂

{Klw XpSßnbh Ah-bpsS _e-a-\p-k-cn®v Hcm-fpsS BIr-Xn-tbbpw {]Ir-Xn-tbbpw

kzm[o\n°p∂-Xmbn ImWp∂p- v. e·-Øn\pw Bfl-Im-c-I-\mb kqcy\pw _e-an-s√-

¶n¬ Abm-fpsS hy‡nXzw (Dƒ°-cp-Øv) Zp¿∫-e-am-bn-cn°pw.

(1)

et· f ¿t°m f ¬∏-INx {Inbme-k-Xax

t{Im[o {]N-WvtUm-∂tXm

am\o temN-\-cq-£Ix Iri-X\px

iqtcm- f £tam \n¿LrWx

kvt^mSm£x iint` {Intb kXn-ancx

knwtl \nim‘x ]pam≥

Zmcn-t{Zym-]-ltXm hn\-jvS-X-\tbm

PmX-kvXp-embmw `thXv.

1. et· A¿t° ˛ kqcy≥ e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

A¬∏-INx ˛ XeapSn Ipd™h\pw

{Inbm Ae-k-Xa ˛ tPmen sNøm≥ aSnbp≈-h\pw

t{Im[o ˛ tZzjy-°mc\pw

{]N-WvU- ˛ i‡\pw

D∂X ˛ Db-c-ap-≈h\pw

 148

am\o ˛ A`n-am\nbpw

temN-\-cq-£I ˛ ZrjvSn cq£-ambh\pw

Iri-X\p ˛ NS-®h\pw

iqtcm- ˛ iqc\pw

A£tam ˛ £-abn√mØh\pw

\n¿LrW ˛ Zb-bn-√m-Ø-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

cmin A\pkcn®p≈ {]tXyI^ew

iint` kvt^mSm£

˛ N{μ-cmin (I¿°-S-Iw) e·-am-hp-Ibpw kqcy≥ AXn¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬

t\{X-tcmKw,

{Intb kXn-anc

˛ taSw (D-®w) e·-am-hp-Ibpw kqcy≥ AXn¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬

Xnan-c-tcmKw,

knwtl \nim‘

˛ Nnßw (kz-t£-{Xw) e·-am-hp-Ibpw kqcy≥ AXn¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬

cm{Xn-bn¬ A‘X (am-e-°-Æv),

PmX- Xp-embmw

˛ Xpemw (\o-Nw) e·-am-hp-Ibpw kqcy≥ AXn¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬

Zmcn-t{Zym-]-ltXm hn\-jvS-X-\tbm

˛ Zmcn{ZyZpxJw, ]p{X-\m-iw F∂nh ^ew.

(2)

hnK-X-hn-Zym-hn-\-b-hnØw kvJen-X-hmNw [\-KXx

k_-e-iu-cy-{in-b-ap-Zmcw kzP\i{Xpw kl-P-Kx.

P\-b-Xoaw kplrZn kqtcym hnkp-J-_-‘p-£n-Xn-kp-lrXv

`h-\-bp‹w \r]Xn tkhw P\-I-k-º-Zvhy-b-I-cw.

2. [\-KX ˛ kqcy≥ c- n¬ \n∂m¬

hnK-X- hn-Zym -hn-\-b hnØw ˛ hnZy, hn\-bw, [\w Ch C√m-Ø-h\pw

kvJen-X-hmNw ˛ hm°n\p tNm¿-®-bp-≈-h\pw

(hn°p≈-h\pw) Bbn-cn°pw.

3. kl-P-K ˛ kqcy≥ aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬

k_-e- iu-cy -{in-b-w- DZmcw ˛ _ew, iucyw, sFiz-cyw, HuZmcyw

Ch-bp-≈-h\pw

kzP\i{Xpw-* ˛ _‘p°fpsS i{Xphpw Bbn-cn°pw.

( * ]mT-t`Zw: hnPnXi{Xpw ˛ i{Xp°sf Pbn°p∂h≥ )

4. kplrZn kqtcym

˛ kqcy≥ \men¬ \n∂m¬

hnkp-J- _-‘p -£n-Xn -kp-lrXv `h\ap‡w

˛ kpJw, _‘p-°ƒ, `qkz-Øv, kplr-Øp°ƒ, hoSv Ch C√m-Ø-h\pw

(]mTt`Zw: `h-\-bp‹w ˛ c- p `h\ßtfmSpIqSnbh\mbpw)

 149

\r]Xn tkhw

˛ cmPm-hns\ tkhn-°p-∂-h\pw (C∂sØ \nebv°p k¿°m¿ tPmenbpw CXn¬

hcpw)

P\-I-k-º-Zvhy-b-I-cw

˛ ]nXr-kzØv hybw sNøp-∂-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

(3)

kpJ-[-\m-bp-kvX-\-b-lo\w kpa-Xn-am-fl-\y-S-hnKw

{]Yn-X-ap¿ho-]-Xn-a-cn-ÿx kp-Kp-W-k-º-Zzn-P-b-Kw

\r]-hn-cp≤w IpX-\p-a-kvtX f ≤z-K-a-Zm-cw -ly-h-aXw

lX-[-\m-bp- p-lr-Z-a¿t°m hnKXZr-jvSnw(1) \n-[-\-Kx

5. Bfl\n ˛ kqcy≥ A©n¬ \n∂m¬

kpJ -[-\ B-bp- X-\-blo\w ˛ kpJw, [\w, Bbp- v, a°ƒ Ch

C√m-Ø-h\mbpw

kpa-Xn-am-≥ ˛ _p≤n-am\mbpw

- A-S-hnKw ˛ Im´n¬ t]mIp-∂-h\mbpw `hn-°pw.

6. A-cn-ÿ ˛ kqcy≥ Bdn¬ \n∂m¬

{]Yn-X-D¿ho-]-Xnkp-Kp-Wk-º-Xvhn-P-b-Kw ˛ kZvKp-Whpw kºØpap≈,

hnP-bn-bmb, cmPm-hmIpw.

7. A-kvtX ˛ kqcy≥ Ggn¬ \n∂m¬

\r]-hn-cp≤w ˛ cmP-hn-tcm[w

IpX-\p- ˛ sshcq]yw

A-≤z-Kw ˛ hgn\SØw / Ae-®n¬

-A-Zm-cw- ˛ `mcy-bn-√m-Ø-h≥

A-h-aXw ˛ A]-am\w (F∂nh ^ew.)

8. A¿t°m \n-[-\-K ˛ kqcy≥ F´n¬ \n∂m¬

lX- [-\ Bbp- kp-lr-Z- ˛ [\w, Bbp- v, kplr-Øp-°ƒ Ch

C√m-Ø-h-\mbpw

hnK-X-ZrjvSn ˛ A‘≥

(]mT-t`Zw ˛ hnI-e-Zr-jvSn ˛ ZrjvSn-ssh-I-ey-ap-≈-h-≥ ˛ sNdph≈n)

(4)

hnP-\-tIm f ¿t° kkp-X-_-‘p-kvX-]kn tZh-Zzn-P-a-\mx

kkp-X-bm-\-kvXp-Xn-aXnx {io_e-bimx tJ £nXn-]-Xn

`h-K-tX f ¿t° _lp-[-\m-bp¿hn-K-X-timtIm P\-]Xnx

]nXp-c-ant{Xm hnI-e-t\t{Xm hn[-\-]pt{Xm hyb-K-tX.

9. X-]kn A¿t° ˛ kqcy≥ HºXn¬ \n∂m¬

hnP-\-tIm ˛ A—-\n-√m-Ø-h-\mbpw

kkp-X-_-‘p ˛ ]p{X-∑m-tcmSpw _‘p-°-tfmSpw

IqSn-b-h-\mbpw

 150

- tZh-Zzn-P-a\m ˛ tZh-∑m-tcbpw {_m“-W-∑m-tcbpw _lp-am-

\n-°p-∂-h-\mbpw `hn-°pw.

10. tJ ˛ kqcy≥ ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬

kkp-X- bm-\ kvXp-Xn aXn {io _e bim £nXn-]-Xn

˛ ]p{X-∑mcpw hml-\-ßfpw {]ikvXnbpw _p≤nbpw sFiz-cyhpw _ehpw bi pw D≈

cmPm-hmbn `hn-°pw.

A¿∞t`Zw: kvXpXnaXn ˛ a‰p≈hsc°pdn®p \∂mbnam{Xw ]dbm\njvSs∏Sp∂h\pw

11. `h-K-tX A¿t° ˛ kqcy≥ ]Xn-s\m-∂n¬ \n∂m¬

_lp -[-\ B-bp ˛ [mcmfw [\hpw Bbp pw D≈-

hn-K-X-timtIm ˛ ZpJßfn-√mØ

P\-]Xn ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.

12. hyb-K-tX ˛ kqcy≥ ]{¥- n¬ \n∂m¬

]nXpx- Aant{Xm ˛ ]nXm-hp-ambn i{XpXbpw

hnI-e-t\t{Xm ˛ IÆn\p sshIeyhpw D≈-h\pw

hn[-\-]pt{Xm ˛ [\hpw ]p{X\pw C√m-Ø-h-\pw Bbn`hn-°pw.

2. N{μ≥

]£-_-e-ap≈ ip`-\mb N{μs‚ ^e-amWv ChnsS ]d-bp-∂-Xv. F¥p-sIm-s- -

∂m¬ Zpÿm-\-ß-fmb 6,8,12 `mh-ß-fn¬ am{X-amWv ChnsS tZmjw ImWn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

AtX Imc-Ww-sIm-- p-Xs∂ ]m]w hcp∂ £nW-N-{μs‚ ^ew ]m]-{Kl-߃°p≈

\nb-a-a-\p-k-cn-®v Nn¥n-°-W-sa∂phcp-∂p.

(5)

kntX Nt{μ et· ZrV-X-\p-c-Z-{`mbp --(1 ) c`tbm

_enjvtTm e£vao-hm≥ `hXn hn]-coXw £bKtX

[\mtVym f ¥¿hm-Wn hn-j-b-kp-J-hm≥ hmNn- hn-Iex (2)

ktlmt∞ k{`m-Xr-{]-a-Z-_-e-iu-tcym f Xn-Ir-]-Wx .

1. kntX Nt{μ et· ˛ shfpØ]£Ønse (]£_eap≈)

N-{μ≥ e·-Øn¬ \n-∂m¬

ZrV-X-\p- ˛ ZrV-Km-{X\pw

A-Z-{` B-bp ˛ hfsc B-bp p≈h\pw

(1) ]mTt`Zw: A\¬]mbp ˛ Zo¿Lmbp v D≈h\pw

- A`tbm ˛ \n¿`-b\pw

_enjvtTm ˛ _e-hm\pw

e£vao-hm≥ `hXn ˛ [\n-I\pw BIpw.

£bKtX ˛ N{μ\p ]£_e-an-s√-¶n¬

hn]-coXw ˛ ^e-ß-sf√mw hn]-coXambn-cn-°pw.

2. [\mtVym ˛ [\n-I\pw

A¥¿hm-Wn ˛ hnZzm-\pw

hn-j-b-kp-J-hm≥ ˛ hnjbkpJ-ß-f-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw

hmNn ˛ N-{μ≥ c- n¬ \n-∂m¬

hn-Ie ˛ hnIe≥ ( Defective limb -- Kapoor)

 151

]mTt`Zw: hmNn hnIe ˛ hnIehm°v

ip`\mb N{μ≥ c- n¬ A\pIqeamWv. `mhImcI\pa√. AXpsIm- v c- nse

_eap≈ N{μ≥ hm°n\p sshIeyw hcpØn√. .(_ean√mØ N{μ\msW¶n¬ apIfn¬

]d™ aq∂p ^eßfpw D- mhpIbpn√.) Xs∂bpa√, c- mw`mhsØ ImWn°m≥

hmNnb√msX as‰mcp hm°v ChnsS C√ Xm\pw.)

3. ktlmt∞ ˛ N-{μ≥ aq∂n¬ \n-∂m¬

k{`m-Xr {]-a-Z _e iutcym ˛ ktlm-Z-c-≥, aZw,- _ew, iucyw

Ch-bp-≈-h\pw

-A-Xn-Ir-]-W ˛ hfsc ]nip-°\pw BIpw.

(6)

kpJo -t`mKo XymKo kp-lrZn N kplrZzml\-b-im

k]pt{Xm(1) ta[mho arZp-KXn-c-am-Xy-x kp-X-KtX

£tX f ¬]m-bp-›-t{μ f - a-Xn-cp-Z-c-tcmKo ]cn-`ho

kvatc- Zr-jvtS -kutaym hc-bp-h-Xn-Im-t¥m f -Xnkp-kp-`-Kx.

4. kp-lrZn ˛ N-{μ≥ \men¬ \n-∂m¬

kpJo - ˛ kpJ-hm\pw (k-¥p-jvS-\pw)

t`mKo ˛ t`mK-ß-f-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw

XymKo ˛ XymK-io-e\pw

kplrXv hml\ b-im ˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ, hml-\-߃, bi v

F∂nh D≈-h-\pam-bn-cn-°pw.

5. kp-X-KtX ˛ N-{μ≥ A©n¬ \n-∂m¬

kp]pt{Xm ˛ \√ ]p{X-cp-≈-h\pw

ta[mho ˛ _p≤n-im-enbpw

arZp-KXn ˛ arZpKXnbpw

A-am-Xy- ˛ a{¥nbpw BIpw.

6. £tX -N-t{μ ˛ N-{μ≥ Bdn¬ \n-∂m¬

A¬]m-bp ˛ A¬∏m-bp pw

Aa-Xn ˛ _p≤n-bn-√m-Ø-h-\pw

- DZ-c-tcmKo ˛ -DZ-c-tcmKnbpw

]cn-`hn ˛ \nμn-X\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

7. kvatc ZrjvtS ˛ N-{μ≥ Ggn¬ \n-∂m¬

kutaym ˛ kuay\pw

hc-bp-h-Xo-Im-t¥m ˛ D-Ø-a-bmb `mcy-bp-≈-h\pw

- kp-kp-`-K ˛ kpμ-c\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

(7)

arXu tcmKy¬∏m-bp-kvX-]kn ip`-[¿Ωm-fl-kp-X-hm≥

Pbo kn≤m-cwt`m \`kn ip`-IrXv kXv{]n-b-Icx

a\kzo _lzm-bp¿[-\-X-\-b-`r-ssXy -l -`th

hytb tZztjym ZpJo ]nip-\(1)]-cn-`q-tXm- f e-k-X-ax.

 152

8. arXu ˛ N-{μ≥ F´n¬ \n-∂m¬

tcmKn ˛ tcmKnbpw

A¬∏m-bp- ˛ A¬∏m-bp pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

9. X-]kn ˛ N-{μ≥ HºXn¬ \n-∂m¬

ip`- ˛ ip`\pw (`m-Ky-hm-\pw)

[¿Ωm-fl ˛ [¿Ωn-jvT\pw

- kp-X-hm≥ ˛ ]p{X-cp-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

10. \`kn ˛ N-{μ≥ ]Øn¬ \n-∂m¬

Pbo ˛ Pbn-°p-∂-h\pw

kn≤m-cwt`m ˛ XpS-ßp-∂-sX√mw t\Sp-∂-h\pw

ip`-IrXv ˛ \∑ sNøp-∂-h\pw

kXv{]n-b-Ic ˛ k÷-\-߃°v CjvS\pw -B-bn-cn-°pw.

11. `th ˛ N-{μ≥ ]Xns\m∂n¬ \n-∂m¬

a\kzo ˛ a\-kznbpw (k-∑-\- p-≈-h-\pw)

_lp Bbp [-\ -X-\-b -`r-ssXyx- kl -˛ hfsc Bbp- pw [\hpw ]p{X-∑mcpw

`rXycpw D≈-h-\mbn-cn-°pw.

12. hytb ˛ N-{μ≥ ]{¥- n¬ \n-∂m¬

tZztjym ˛ tZzjy°mc\pw

ZpJo ˛ ZpJn-X\pw

]-cn-`q-X ˛ A]-am-\n-X\pw

Ae-k-X-a ˛ Ae-k\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

* ]mT-t`-Zw: ]nip-\ ˛ GjWn°mc\pw

3. IpP≥

]m]-\m-b-Xn-\m¬ Zpÿm-\ßfmb 3, 6 `mh-ß-fnepw s]mXpth KpW-^ew

sNøp∂ 10, 11 `mh-ß-fn-epamWv IpP≥ A\p-Iq-ew.

(8)

£X-X-\p-c-Xn-{Iq-tcm f ¬∏-mbp--kvX\u L\-kmlko

hNkn hnaptJm \n¿hn-Zym¿∞x IptP IpP-\m-{inXx

kpKpW [\-hm≥ iqtcm f [r-jy-x kpJo hy\p-tPm f \ptP

kplrZn hnkp-lr-∑m-Xr-t£m-Wo-kp-Jm-e-b-hm-l-\x.

1. X\u ˛ IpP≥ e·Øn¬ \n-∂m¬

£X-X-\p ˛ £Xw (ap-dn-hv) D≈ icocw

- AXn-{Iq-c ˛ hfsc {Iqc≥

A¬∏-mbp ˛ A¬∏m-bp v

L\-kmlko ˛ AXn-km-lkw sNøp-∂-h≥ Ch ^ew.

2. hNkn IptP ˛ IpP≥ c- n¬ \n-∂m¬

hnaptJm ˛ hnapJ≥*

\n¿hn-Zym¿∞ ˛ hnZybpw [\hpw C√m-Ø-h\pw

IpP-\m-{inX ˛ Zp¿÷\-ßsf B{ibn°p-∂-h\pw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

 153

* hnapJw F∂ hm°n\v Xm¬∏cyan√mØ, hne£Wamb apJap≈ Fs∂ms°

A¿∞w ]dbmw. D’mlan√mØh≥ F∂ A¿∞amWv Hcmƒ sImSpØncn°p∂Xv.

i\n c- n¬\n-∂mepw hnapJXzw ]dbp∂p- v. apJamb c- mw`mhØn¬ ]m]≥

\n∂m¬ hcmhp∂ A`wKnbmWv Dt±in°p∂sX∂p tXm∂p∂p. A\p`hØn¬, c- n¬

sNmΔbp≈ hcn¬ hm°nse aban√mbva BWv km[mcW {]ISambn ImWp∂Xv. Hcp

ap®p- pw A\p `hØnep- .v

3. A-\ptP ˛ IpP≥ aq∂n¬ \n-∂m¬

kpKpW ˛ kZvKp-W-ßfp≈h\pw

[\-hm≥ ˛ [\n-I\pw

iqtcm- ˛ iqc\pw

A[r-jy- ˛ AP-ø\pw

kpJo ˛ kpJ-߃ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw

hnA\p-tPm ˛ A\p-P-∑m-cn-√m-Ø-h-\pw -B-bn-cn-°pw.

(ImcI≥ `mhØn¬)

4. kplrZn ˛ IpP≥ \men¬ \n-∂m¬

hnkp-lr-Xv am-Xr -t£m-Wo- kp-J B-e-b- hm-l-\w

˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ, amXm-hv, `qan, kpJw,

hoSv, hml\w F∂nh C√m-Ø-h-\m-bn-cn-

°pw.

(9)

hnkp-J-X-\-tbm- f \¿∞-{]mbx kptX -]n-ip-t\m- f ¬][ox

{]_-e-a-Z\x {ioam≥ JymtXm cn]u hnPbo \r]x

A\p-Nn-X-Itcm tcmKm¿tØm f kvtX f [ztKm arX-Zm-c-hm≥

IpX-\p-c-[-t\m f ¬∏m-bp-›nt{Z IptP P\-\n-μn-Xx.

5. kptX ˛ IpP≥ A©n¬ \n-∂m¬

hnkp-J-X-\-tbm A-\¿∞-{]mb ˛ kpJw, a°ƒ, [\w Ch C√m-Ø-h-\mbpw

]n-ip-t\m ˛ GjWn°mc\pw

Aev][o ˛ aμ_p-≤nbpw BIpw.

6. cn]u ˛ IpP≥ Bdn¬ \n-∂m¬

{]_-e-a-Z\ ˛ i‡-amb Ima-ap-≈-h-\mbpw

{ioam≥ ˛ [\n-I-\mbpw

JymtXm ˛ {]i-kvX-\mbpw

hnPbo ˛ hnP-bn-bmbpw

\r] ˛ cmPm-hm-bpw `hn-°pw.

7. AkvtX ˛ IpP≥ Ggn¬ \n-∂m¬

A\p-Nn-X-Itcm ˛ DNn-X-a-√m-ØXp sNøp-∂-h-\mbpw-

tcmKm¿tØm- ˛ tcmKw-sIm- p ZpJn°p-∂-h\mbpw

-A[ztKm ˛ \S∂p hnj-an-°p-∂-h-\mbpw

arX-Zm-c-hm≥ ˛ hn`m-cy-\mbpw `hn-°pw.

 154

8. Ont{Z IptP ˛ IpP≥ F´n¬ \n-∂m¬

IpX-\p ˛ hncq]nbpw

-A[-t\m ˛ [\-an-√m-Øh\pw

A¬∏m-bp- ˛ A¬∏m-bp pw

P\-\n-μn-X ˛ \nμn-X\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

(10)

\r]-kp-lr-Z]n tZztjym f XmX-x ipt` P\-Lm-XtIm

\`kn \r]Xnx {Iqtcm ZmXm {][m-\-Pss\x kvXpXx

[\-kp-J-bp-tXm- f tim-I-x iqtcm `th kpKpWx (1) IptP

\b-\-hn-IrXx {Iqtcm f Zmtcm hytb ]nip-t\m f [-ax

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kpioex

9. ipt` ˛ IpP≥ HºXn¬ \n-∂m¬

\r]-kp-lr-Xv ˛ cmPm-hns‚ kplrØpw

tZztjym ˛ tZzjy°m-c\pw

AXmX ˛ A—-\n-√m-Ø-h\pw

P\-Lm-XtIm ˛ P\-t{Zm-lnbpw Bbncn°pw.

10. \`kn ˛ IpP≥ ]Øn¬ \n-∂m¬

\r]Xn ˛ cmPmhpw

{Iqtcm ˛ {Iqc\pw

ZmXm ˛ Zm\-io-e\pw

{][m-\-Pss\x kvXpXx ˛ {][m-\n-I-fm¬ kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

11. `th ˛ IpP≥ ]Xns\m∂n¬ \n-∂m¬

[\-kp-J-bp-tXm- ˛ [\tØmSpw kpJtØmSpw IqSn-b-h\pw

Atim-I ˛ timI-an-√m-Ø-h\pw

-iqtcm ˛ iqc\pw

kpKpW ˛ KpW-hm\pw

`thXv Bbn-cn°pw.

12. hytb ˛ IpP≥ ]{¥- n¬ \n-∂m¬

\b-\-hn-IrX ˛ t\{X-ssh-Ieyap≈-h\pw

{Iqtcm ˛ {Iqc\pw

A-Zmtcm ˛ `mcy-bn-√m-Ø-h-\pw

]nip-t\m- ˛ GjWn°mc\pw

A[-a ˛ A[-a-\pw Bbn `hn-°pw.

4. _p[≥

ip`-\mb _p[≥ 6, 12 Hgn®p≈ F√m `mh-ß-fnepw KpWw sNøpw.

(11)

Zo¿Lmbp¿÷-∑\n t⁄ a[p-c-N-Xp-c-hmIv

k¿h-im-kv{Xm¿∞-t_m-[x

kymZv _pt≤ym-]m¿÷n-Xkzx Ihn-c-a-e-hNm

hmNn-arjvSm-∂-t`m‡m

 155

iutcyx iqcx -k-ambpx kpk-l-P-k-lnXx

k{itam ssZ\y-bp‡x

kwJym-hm≥ NmSp-hmIyx kplr-Zn -kp-J-kp-lrXv ˛

t£{X-[m-\ym¿∞-t`m-Ko.

1. P-∑\n t⁄ ˛ _p[≥ e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

Zo¿Lmbp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp p≈-h\pw

a[p-c -N-Xp-c -hmIv ˛ a[p-c-ambpw kc-k--ambpw

kwkmcn°p∂-h\pw

k¿h-im-kv{Xm¿∞-t_m-[ ˛ k¿h-im-kv{Xm¿∞-ßfpw

a\- n-em-°n-b-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

2. hmNnw ˛ _p[≥ c- n¬ \n∂m¬

_pt≤ym-]m¿÷n-Xkz ˛ _p≤n D]-tbm-Kn®v D- m-°nb

[\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

Ihn ˛ Ihnbpw

- A-a-e-hNm ˛ If-¶-an-√mØ hmt°m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

arjvSm-∂ -t`m‡m ˛ `£-W-kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

3. iutcy ˛ _p[≥ aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬

iqc - ˛ iqc\pw

kambp ˛ icm-icn Bbp p≈h\pw

kpk-l-P-k-lnX ˛ \√ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

k{itam ˛ ]cn{iatØmSpIqSnbh\pw

ssZ\y-bp‡ ˛ Zo\\pw

4. kplr-Zn ˛ _p[≥ \men¬ \n∂m¬

kwJym-hm≥ ˛ ]WvUn-X\pw

NmSp-hmIy ˛ a[pcambn kwkmcn°p-∂-h-\pw

-kp-J- kp-lrXv t£{X- [m-\y A¿∞ -t`m-Ko ˛ kpJhpw kplr-Øp-°fpw

`qkzØpw [m\yhpw [\hpw

A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.

(12)

hnZym -ku-Jy -{]-Xm-]x -{]-Np-c-kp-X-bptXm

am{¥nIx ]©-atÿ

PmX-t{Imt[m hnhm-ssZ¿Zznjn cn]p-_-e-l˛

-¥m-etkm \njvTp-tcm‡nx

{]mt⁄m f kvtX Nmcp-thjx kk-I-e-a-lnamw

bmXn `mcymw khnØmw

hnJym-Xm-Jy-›n-cmbpx Ipe-`r-Z-[n-]-Xn¿˛

t⁄ -f jvSta Zfi-t\-Xm.

5. ]©-atÿ ˛ _p[≥ A©n¬ \n∂m¬

hnZym- ku-Jy- {]-Xm-]- {]-Np-c-kp-X-bptXm

˛ hnZy, kuJyw, {]Xm-]w, hfsc a°ƒ F∂n-h-bp-≈-h\pw

 156

am{¥nI ˛ am{¥nI\p-am-bn-cn-°pw.

6. Zznjn ˛ _p[≥ i{Xp `mh-Øn¬ (Bdn¬) \n∂m¬

PmX-t{Imt[m hnhm-ssZ ˛ hnhm-Zß-fn¬ tIm]w- hcp-∂-h\pw

cn]p-_-e-l-¥m ˛ i{Xp-hns‚ _esØ \in-∏n-°p-∂-h\pw

- Aetkm ˛ Ae-k\pw

\njvTp-tcm‡n ˛ {Iqc-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

7. {]mt⁄m AkvtX ˛ _p[≥ Ggn¬ \n∂m¬

Nmcp-thjx ˛ at\m-l-c-amb thj-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

kk-I-e-a-lnam ˛ kIe alnaItfmSpIqSnbh\pw

`mcymw khnØmw ˛ [\n-Ibmb `mcytbmSp IqSnbh\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

8. t⁄ A-jvSta ˛ _p[≥ F´n¬ \n∂m¬

hnJym-Xm-Jy- ˛ t]cp-tI-´-h-\pw

Nn-cmbp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp p≈h\pw

Ipe-`r-Z-[n-]-Xn ˛ Ipe-]-Xn-bpw

Zfit\-Xm ˛ in£m-[n-Im-cn-bpw Bbn `hn-°pw.

(13)

hnZym¿∞mNmc-[¿ssΩx kl X]kn _pt[

kymXv {]-ho-tWm f Xn-hmKvao

kn≤m-cw-`-x kp-hn-Zym-_-e-a-Xn-kp-J-kXv˛

I¿Ω-k-Xym-\znXx tJ

_lzm-bpx -k-Xy-kt‘m hn]p-e-[-\-kptXm (1)

em`tK `rXybpt‡m

Zot\m hnZym-hn-lo\x ]cn-`-h-k-lntXm f ˛ t¥y \riw-tkm f -ek›.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kpJo

9. X]kn _pt[ ˛ _p[≥ Hº-Xn¬ \n∂m¬

hnZy A¿∞ BNmc -[¿ssΩx kl˛ hnZy, [\w, BNmcw, [¿Ωw

F∂n-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

{]-ho-tWm ˛ ka¿∞\pw

A-Xn-hm‹n ˛ henb hm‹nbpw Bbn-cn-°pw.

10. tJ ˛ _p[≥ ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬

kn≤m-cw-`- ˛ XpS-ßp∂ Imcy-ß-fn-se√mw

hnP-bn-°p-∂-h\pw

kp-hn-Zym- _-e- a-Xn- kp-J- k¬I¿Ω- k-Xym-\znX

˛ hnZy,- _-ew, _p≤n, kpJw, k¬I-¿Ωw, kXy-k-‘X F∂n-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

11. em`tK ˛ _p[≥ ]Xns\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬

_lp B-bp- ˛ [mcmfw Bbp p≈h\pw

k-Xy-kt‘m ˛ k-Xy-k‘\pw

hn]p-e- [-\ -kptXm(1) `rXybpt‡m

˛ hfsc [\-tØmSpw ]p{X-tcmSpw `rXytcmSpw IqSn-b-h-\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

12. At¥y ˛ _p[≥ ]{¥- n¬ \n∂m¬

 157

Zot\m ˛ Zo\\pw

hnZym-hn-lo\ ˛ ]Tn-∏n-√m-Ø-h-\mbpw

]cn-`-h-k-lntXm ˛ Ah-am-\n-X\pw

\riw-tkm ˛ {Iqc\pw

A-ek ˛ Ae-k\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

5. hymgw Kpcp ip`-\m-b-Xn-\m¬ Zpÿm-\-ß-fmb 3, 6, 8, 12 Hgn-®p≈ `mh-ß-fn¬, AXm-b-Xv 1,

2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11 `mh-ß-fn¬, \√ ^ew sNøpw.

(14)

tim`m-hm≥ kpIrXo Nncmbpc`tbm et· Kpcu km-fltPm

hm‹o t`mP\-km-c-hmw› kpaptJm hntØ [\o tImhnZx

kmh⁄x Ir]Wx {]Xo-X-k-l-P-x- iutcy f L-IrXv ZpjvS-[o¿˛

∫‘u amXr-kp-lr-Xv]-cn—ZkpX-kv{Xo-ku-Jy-[m\ym-\zn-Xx.

1. et· Kpcu ˛ Kpcp e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

tim`m-hm≥ ˛ icocIm¥n-bp-≈-h\pw

kpIrXo ˛ ]pWy-hm-\pw

Nncmbp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h\pw

A`tbm ˛ \n¿`-b\pw

-km-fltPm ˛ ]p{X∑-mc-p-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

2. hntØ ˛ Kpcp c- n¬ \n∂m¬

hm‹o ˛ hm‹nbpw

t`mP-\-km-c-hmw› ˛ \√ `£-WØn¬ -X¬]-c\pw

kpaptJm ˛ kpap-J\pw

[\o ˛ [\n-I\pw

tImhnZ ˛ hnZzm\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

3. iu-tcy ˛ Kpcp aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬

kmh⁄x ˛ Ah-⁄-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw (\n-μn-X-\pw)

Ir]W ˛ ]nip-°\pw

{]Xo-X-k-l-P-- ˛ {]kn-≤-\mb ktlm-Z-c-t\mSp Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

AL-IrXv ˛ ]m]-߃ sNøp-∂-h\pw

ZpjvS-[o ˛ Zp¿∫p≤nbpw BIpw.

4. _‘u ˛ Kpcp \men¬ \n∂m¬

amXr- ˛ amXm-hv,

kp-lr-Xv ˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ

]-cn—Zw* ˛ ]cn-hm-cw

kpXkv{Xo-ku-Jy-[m\yA\zn-Xx -˛ a°ƒ, `mcy, kpJw, [m\y-k-ar-≤n-

˛ F∂nhtbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥ Bbn-cn-°pw.

(15)

]pss{Xx -t¢-i-bptXm(1) alo-i-k-Nnthm [oam≥ kpXtÿ Kpcu

jjvtT kymZ-e-tkm f -cnlm ]co-`ho a{¥m-`n-Nmtc ]Spx

 158

kXv]Xv\okpX-hm≥ atZ- f Xn-kp-`-K-kvXmXmZpZm-tcm f [ntIm

Zot\m PohXn tkhbm Iep-j-`mKv Zo¿Lm-bp-cn-jvtSm -f jvS-ta.(1)

(1) ]mTt`Zw: cn-tPym-jvS-ta

5. kpXtÿ Kpcu ˛ Kpcp A©n¬ \n∂m¬

]pss{Xx -t¢-i-bptXm ˛ ]p{X-ZpxJw (Im-c-I≥ `mh-Øn¬)

alo-i-k-Nnthm, [oam≥ ˛ cmPa{¥nbpw _p≤n-am-\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

6. jjvtT ˛ Kpcp Bdn¬ \n∂m¬

Aetkm Acnlm ]co-`ho a{¥m-`n-Nmtc ]Sp

˛ Ae-k\pw i{Xp-°sf \in-∏n-°p-∂-h\pw \nμn-X\pw (A-]-am-\n-X-\pw) a{¥- hmZw,

B`n-Nmcw ChI-fn¬ ka¿∞\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

7. atZ ˛ Kpcp Ggn¬ \n∂m¬

kXv]Xv\o kpX-hm≥ ˛ \√ `mcy-tbm-Spw -]p{X-∑m-tcm-Spw

Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

AXn-kp-`-K- ˛ hfsc kpμc\pw

- XmXmXv A-[ntIm DZm-tcm ˛ A—-t\-°mƒ A[nIw Zm\-io-e\pw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

8. AjvS-ta ˛ Kpcp F´n¬ \n∂m¬

Zot\m ˛ Zo\\pw

PohXn tkhbm ˛ a‰p-≈-hsc tkhn®p Pohn-°p-∂-h\pw

Iep-j-`mKv ˛ ]m]w-sN-øp-∂-h\pw

Zo¿Lm-bp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈h\pw

- C-jvtSm- ˛ (F√mh¿°pw) {]nbs∏´h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

(16)

JymX-x k≥ kNnhx ipt` f ¿∞-kp-X-hm≥

kym≤¿Ω-Im-tcym¬kpIx

kzmNmcx kpbim \`-ky-Xn-[-\o

Poth alo-i-{]nbx

Bbtÿ [\n-tIm -f -tbm f¬∏-X-\tbm

ssPhm-XrtIm bm\tKm

tZztjym [n°r-X-hmIv(1) hytb hnX-\bx

kmtLm (2) -f e-kx tkh-Ix.

]mT-t`Zw ˛ (1) tZzjym≤n°r-X-hmI v (2) kwtLm

9. ipt` ˛ Kpcp Hº-Xn¬ \n∂m¬

JymX- ˛ {]kn-≤\pw

kNnh ˛ a{¥nbpw

A¿∞-kp-X-hm≥ ˛ [\hpw a°fpw D≈-h\pw

[¿Ω-Im-tcym¬kpI ˛ [m¿Ωn-I-Im-cy-ßfn¬ Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≈-h\pw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

10. \`-kn Poth ˛ Kpcp ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬

kzmNmc ˛ kz BNmcw, kzI¿Ωw, A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-h\pw

kpbim ˛ \√ bi-t m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

 159

AXn-[-\o ˛ hfsc [\-hm\pw

alo-i-{]nb ˛ cmPm-hn\p {]nb-ap-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

11. Bbtÿ ˛ Kpcp ]Xns\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬

[\n-tIm- ˛ [\n-I\pw

A`-tbm ˛ `b-an-√m-Ø-h\pw

A¬∏-X-\tbm ˛ a°ƒ Ipd-™-h\pw

ssPhm-XrtIm - ˛ hfsc Bbp p≈h\pw

bm\tIm ˛ hml-\-ß-fp-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

12. hytb ˛ Kpcp ]{¥- n¬ \n∂m¬

tZztjym ˛ tZzjyap≈h≥

[n°mchmIv ˛ [n°mctØmsS kwkmcn°p∂h≥

hnX-\b ˛ a°-fn-√m-Ø-h-\pw

kmL ˛ kAL ˛ AL-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥ ˛ ]m]nbpw

Ae-k ˛ Ae-k\pw

-tkh-I ˛ tkh-I\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

6. ip{I≥

3, 6, 7 Hgn-®p≈ `mh-ß-fn¬ ip{I≥ ip`-^ew \¬Ipw.

(17)

X\u -kp-X\p ZrIv{]nbw kpJn-\-tah Zo¿Lm-bpjw

ItcmXn Ihn-c¿∞Kx Ihn-a-t\-I-hn-Øm-\znXw

hnZm-c-kp-JkºZw Ir]-W-a-{]nbw hn{Ita

kphm-l-\-Krlw kpam-`-c-W-h-kv{X-K‘w kptJ.

1. X\u ˛ ip{I≥ e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

kp-X\p ˛ \√ (kpμcamb) icocw

ZrIv{]nbw ˛ ImgvNbv°p {]nbw-Icw

kpJn-\-w Gh ˛ kpJ-߃ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw

Zo¿Lm-bpjw ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

2. Ihn- A¿∞K ˛ ip{I≥ c- n¬ \n∂m¬

Ihn- ˛ Ihn-bmbpw

At\-I-hn-Øm-\znXw ˛ hfsc [\-ap-≈-h\mbpw `hn-°pw.

3. hn{Ia ˛ ip{I≥ aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬

hnZm-c-kp-JkºZw ˛ `mcybpw kpJhpw kºØpw

C√m-Ø-h-\mbpw

Ir]-W-\pw ˛ ]nip-°\mbpw

A-{]nbw ˛ {]nbw-I-c-a-√m-Ø-h-\mbpw

`hn-°pw.

4. ktJ ˛ ip{I≥ \men¬ \n∂m¬

kphm-l-\ -Krlw kpa B`-c-W h-kv{X K‘w

˛ \√ hml\w, hoSv, ]q°ƒ, B`-cWw, hkv{Xw, kpK-‘-{Zhy߃ F∂nh D≈-

h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.

(]m-T-t`Zw ˛ kphm-l\kpaμncm-`-cW.. CXn¬ kpaw C√.)

 160

(18)

AJ-fin-X-[\w \r]w kpa-Xn-amfltP kmflPw

hni-{Xp-a-[\w £tX bph-Xn-Zq-jnXw hn¢_w

k`m-cy-(1)a-k-Xo-cXw arX-I-f-{X-amVyw(2) atZ

Nncm-bp-jan-fm-[n]w [\n-\-a-jvSta kwÿn-Xx.(3)

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kp`mcy (2) -auVyw (3) `m¿§h

5. B-fltP ˛ ip{I≥ A©n¬ \n∂m¬

AJ-WvUn-X-[\w ˛ Afh‰ [\-ap-≈-h\pw

\r]w ˛ cmPmhpw

kpa-Xn- ˛ _p≤n-am-\pw

k BflPw ˛ a°-fp-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

6. £tX ˛ ip{I≥ Bdn¬ \n∂m¬

hni-{Xp- ˛ i{Xp-°-fn-√m-Ø-h-\pw

A-[\w ˛ [\-an-√m-Ø-h-\pw

bph-Xn-Zq-jnXw ˛ bph-Xn-I-fm¬ Zpjn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-\pw

hn¢_w ˛ ZpJn-X\pw

7. atZ ˛ ip{I≥ Ggn¬ \n∂m¬

k`m-cy ˛ `mcytbmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\mbpw

- Ak-Xo-cXw ˛ NoØ-kv{Xo-I-fp-ambn _‘-ap-≈-h-\mbpw

arX-I-f-{XauVyw ˛ `mcy- a-cn-® hnjatØmSp IqSnbh\pw

(Im-c-I≥ `mh-Øn¬) Bbn-cn-°pw.

8. A-jvSta kwÿn-X ˛ ip{I≥ F´n¬ \n∂m¬

Nncm-bp-jva ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h\pw

C-fm-[n]w ˛ cmPmhpw (`q-hp-Sa F∂p-am-Imw.)

[\n-\- ˛ [\-hm-\pw Bbn `hn-°pw.

(19)

kZm-c-kp-lr-Zm-flPw £nXn-]-e-_v[-`mKyw ipt`

\`-ky-Xn-b-i-x kp-lr-’p-J-Z(1)hrØn-bp‡w {]`pw

[\m-Vy-an-X-cmw-K-\m-c-X-a-t\-I-kuJyw `th

`rKp¿÷-\-bXn hytb kc-Xn-ku-Jy-hn-Ø-Zyp-Xnw.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kpJnX, kplrZ

9. ipt` ˛ ip{I≥ HºXn¬ \n∂m¬

kZm-c-kp-lr-Zm-flPw ˛ `mcy, kplr-Øp-°ƒ, a°ƒ

F∂n-h-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

£nXn-] e-_v[w- `mKyw ˛ cmPm-hn¬ \n∂pw e`n® `mKytØmSp-

Iq-Sn-b-h-\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

10. \`-kn ˛ ip{I≥ ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬

AXn-b-i -kp-lr-Xv kp-J-ZhrØn -bp‡w ˛ hfsc Io¿Ønbpw kp-lr-Øp°fpw

kpJ-I-c-amb {]hr-Ønbpw D≈-h-\mbpw

{]`pw ˛ {]`p-hmbpw Ccn-°pw.

11.- `th ˛ ip{I≥ ]Xns\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬

 161

[\m-Vy ˛ [\n-I\pw

CX-c Aw-K-\m-c-Xw ˛ ]c-kv{Xo-_‘-ap≈-h\pw

- At\-I-kuJyw ˛ ]ehn[ kpJ-ßfpw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

12. `rKp hytb ˛ - ip{I≥ ]{¥- n¬ \n∂m¬

kc-Xn-ku-Jy ˛ cXn-kpJ-w (kv{Xo-kp-Jw)

-hn-Ø ˛ [\w

- Zyp-Xnw ˛ tZl-Im¥n Ch-bp-≈-h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.

5. i\n ]m]-\mb i\n 3,6,10,11 `mh-ß-fnemWv KpWw sNøp-I. i\n \n¬°p-∂Xv e·-Øn-

em-sW-¶n¬, B e-·w Xs‚ cmintbm (a-I-cw, Ipw`w) D®tam (Xp-emw) -BsW-¶n¬, \√

^ew {]Xo-£n-°mw.

(20)

tkzmt® kzIo-b-`-ht\ £nXn-]m-e-Xpteym

et· f ¿°tP `hXn tZi-]p-cm-[n-\mYx

titjjp ZpxJ-]-cn-]o-UoX Gh _mtey

Zmcn-{Zy-Zpx-J-h-itKm aen-t\m -f e-k-›.

1. et· A¿°tP ˛ i\n e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬, B e·w

tkzmt® ˛ i-\n-bpsS D®cmintbm (Xp-emw)

kzIo-b-`-ht\ ˛ i-\n-bpsS kzt£-{X-tam (a-I-cw,- Ipw-`w)

BsW-¶n¬

£nXn-]m-e-Xpteym ˛ cmP-Xp-ey-\mbn

tZi-]p-cm-[n-\mYx ˛ tZiØns‚tbm ]p-c-Øns‚tbm \mY-\mbn

`hXn ˛ `hn-°p-∂p.

titjjp ˛ tijw cmin-Iƒ e·-ambn

i\n AXn¬ \n∂m¬

ZpxJ-]-cn-]o-UnX Gh _mtey ˛ _mey-Øn¬ hfsc ZpJ߃

A\p`hnt°- n hcp∂h\pw

Zmcn-{Zy-Zpx-J-h-itKm aen-t\m-e-k-›˛ Zcn-{Z\pw aen-\\pw Ae-k\pw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

(21)

hnap-J-a-[\a¿t∞ f \ymb-h-¥w(1) N ]›m˛

ZnX-c-P-\-]-Yÿw bm\-(2) t`m-Km¿∞-bp‡w

hn]p-e-a-Xn-ap-Zmcw Zmc-kuJyw N iutcy

P\-bXn chn-]p-{X›mekw hn¢-_-©.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: \ymbh¥w (2) \ymbw

2. A¿t∞ ˛ i\n c- n¬ \n∂m¬

hnap-Jw ˛ hnapJ\pw (t«mIw 8 ImWpI)

-A-[\w ˛ [\-an-√m-Ø-h\pw

A\ymb-h-¥ ˛ \ymbw t\m°mØh\pw

 162

(]mTt`Zw: \ymbh¥w ˛ \ymbhm≥ )

]›mXv ˛ ]n∂oSv

CX-c-P-\-]-Yÿw ˛ adp-\m-´n¬ Ign-tb- n hcp∂-h\pw

bm\-t`m-Km¿∞-bp‡w ˛ (At∏mƒ) hml\w, kpJw, [\w-

Ch-bp-- m-Ip-∂-h\pw- Bbn-cn-°pw.

aebmfw hymJym\ßfn¬ A\ymb-h-¥w \ymbh¥hpw

bm\w \ymbhpamWv. ]m]s‚ \ymbw Nn¥nt°- hnjbamWv.

3. iutcy chn-]p-{X ˛ i\n aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬

hn]p-e-a-Xn ˛ henb _p≤n-am\pw

D-Zmcw ˛ Zm\-io-e\pw

Zmc-kuJyw ˛ `mcym-kpJ-ap-≈-h\pw

A-ekw ˛ Ae-k\pw

hn¢-_w ˛ ZpJn-X\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

(22)

ZpxJo kymZv Krl-bm\ amXr-hnbptXm

_mtey kcp-Kv _-‘pt`

{`mt¥m -⁄m-\-kp-Xm¿∞-l¿j-c-lntXm

[otÿ itTm Zp¿ΩXnx

_lzmio {Zhn-Wm-\zntXm cn]p-ltXm (t\m)

[rjvS› am\o cn]u

Imatÿ chntP IpZm-c-\n-ctXm

\ntkzm f ≤ztKm hnlz-ex.

4. _-‘pt` ˛ i\n \men¬ \n∂m¬

ZpxJo kymXv ˛ ZpJnbmbpw

Krl -bm\ amXr- hnbptXm ˛ hoSv, hml-\w, AΩ Ch C√m-Ø-h-\mbpw

_mtey kcp-Iv ˛ _mem-cnjvSv D≈-h-\m-bpw `hn°pw.

5. [otÿ ˛ i\n A©n¬ \n∂m¬

{`mt¥m- ˛ {`m¥\pw

⁄m-\- kp-X A¿∞- l¿j- c-lntXm ˛ ⁄m\hpw ]p{Xcpw [\hpw kt¥mjhpw

C√m-Ø-h\pw

itTm ˛ iT\pw

Zp¿ΩXn ˛ Zp¿∫p-≤nbpw Bbn-cn-°pw.

6. cn]u ˛ i\n Bdn¬ \n∂m¬

_lzmizo ˛ Xo‰-{]n-b\pw

{Zhn-Wm-\zntXm ˛ [\n-I\pw

cn]p-ltXm ˛ i{Xp-°sf Pbn-°p-∂-h\pw

[rjvS› ˛ [oc\pw

am\o ˛ A`n-am-\nbpw Bbn-cn-°pw.

7. Imatÿ chntP ˛ i\n Ggn¬ \n∂m¬

IpZm-c-\n-ctXm ˛ NoØ `mcy-bn¬ \nc-X-\pw

\ntkzm ˛ Zcn-{Z-\pw

A≤ztKm ˛ \S-∂-e-bp-∂-h\pw

hnlz-e ˛ t]Sn-®-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

 163

(23)

iss\-›tcm arXn-kvYntX aeo-a-tkm f ¿itkm f hkpx

Icm-f-[o¿_p-`p-£n-X-x kp-lr-÷-\m-h-am-\n-Xx.

8. iss\-›tc arXn-kvYntX ˛ i\n F´n¬ \n∂m¬

aeo-a-tkm ˛ aen-\\pw

A¿itkm ˛ A¿i- p-≈-h\pw

Ahkp ˛ [\-an-√m-Ø-h-\pw

Icm-f-[o ˛ Xo£vW-_p-≤n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

_p-`p-£n-X ˛ hni-∏-S-ßm-Ø-h\pw

-kp-lr-÷-\m-h-am-\n-X ˛ kplr-Øp-°-fm¬

Ah-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

(24)

`mKym¿∞m-fl-P-Xm-X-[¿Ω-c-lntXm atμ ipt` Zp¿÷t\m

a{¥o hm \r]-Xn¿≤\o Irjn-]-cx- iqcx {]kn-t≤m f w-_tc

_lzmbpx ÿnc-k-º-Zm-b-N-cntX(1) iqtcm hntcmtKm [\o

\n¿√-÷m¿∞-kptXm hytb f w-K-hn-Item aq¿tJm cn]p-’m-cnXx

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ klnX

9. atμ ipt` ˛ i\n HºXn¬ \n∂m¬

`mKy ˛ `mKyw

A¿∞ ˛ [\w

Bfl-P- ˛ a°ƒ

Xm-X- ˛ A—≥

[¿Ω- ˛ [¿Ωw

c-lntXm ˛ Ch-bn-√m-Ø-h-\mbpw

Zp¿÷t\m ˛ Zp¿÷-\-ambpw `hn-°pw.

10. Aw_tc ˛ i\n ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬

a{¥o ˛ a{¥n

hm ˛ As√-¶n¬

\r]-Xn ˛ cmPmhpw

[\o ˛ [\n-I\pw

Irjn-]-c ˛ I¿j-I\pw

-iqc ˛ iqc\pw

{]knt≤m ˛ {]kn-≤\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

11. BbNcntX (klntX) -˛ i\n ]Xn-s\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬

_lzmbp ˛ hfsc Bbp- p-≈-h\pw

ÿnc-k-º-Xv ˛ \in-°m-Ø- kzØp≈h\pw

(ÿn-c-h-cp-am-\-ap-≈-h-\pw)

iqtcm ˛ iqc\pw

hntcmtKm (hntcmKo) ˛ tcmK-ß-fn-√m-Ø-h\pw

 164

[\o ˛ [\nI\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

12. hytb ˛ i\n ]{¥-- n¬ \n∂m¬

\n¿√÷m¿∞ kptXm ˛ \mWw, [\w, a°ƒ Ch C√mØ-h-\pw

Aw-K-hn-Item ˛ hnI-emw-K\pw

aq¿tJm ˛ hnh-c-an-√m-Ø-h\pw

cn]p-’m-cn-X ˛ i{Xp-°-fm¬ tXm¬∏n-°-s∏-´-h\pw BIpw.

8. cmlp cmlphpw tIXphpw 3,6,11 `mh-ß-fn-emWv KpWw sNøp-I.

(25)

et· f lmh Nncm-bp-c¿∞-_-e-hm-\q¿≤zmw-K-tcm-Km-\zn-X˛

—t∂m-‡n¿ap-J-cpKv {hWo (1) \r]-[\o hntØ ktcm-jx -kpJo

am\o {`mXr-hn-tcm-[tIm ZrV-a-Xnx- iutcy Nncm-bp¿≤\o

aq¿tJm thiva-\n -Zpx-J-IrXv kkp-lr-Z¬∏mbpx IZm-NnXv kpJo (4).

]mT-t`Zw ˛ (1) LrWo (2) thiva-hnZpx-J (3) kptJ

1. et·f lmh ˛ cmlp e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

ANncm-bp ˛ Bbp p Ipd-™h\pw

-A¿∞- _-e-hm-≥ ˛ [\w, _ew Ch-bp-≈-h\pw

Du¿≤zmw-K-tcm-Km-\zn-X ˛ intcm-tcm-Kn-bpw BIpw.

2. hntØ ˛ cmlp c- n¬ \n∂m¬

Ot∂m-‡n ˛ ad-®p-sh®p kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h\pw

ap-J-cpIv ˛ apJtcmK-ß-fp-≈-h\pw

{hWo ˛ {hW-ap-≈-h\pw

\r]-[\o ˛ cmP-[-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw

ktcm-j- ˛ tZzjy-°m-c\pw

kpJo ˛ kpJn-bmbpw `hn-°pw.

3. iutcy ˛ cmlp aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬

am\o ˛ A`n-am-\nbpw

{`mXr-hn-tcm-[tIm ˛ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿°p hntcm[w sNøp-∂-h\pw

ZrV-a-Xn- ˛ Dd® a\- p-≈-h\pw

Nncm-bp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h\pw

[\o ˛ [\n-I\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

4. thiva\n ˛ cmlp \men¬ \n∂m¬

aq¿tJm ˛ aq¿J\pw (A-dn-hn-√m-Ø-h-\pw)

Zpx-J-IrXv ˛ ho´n¬ ZpJ-ß-fp-- m-°p-∂-h\pw

kkp-lr-Zv ˛ kplr-Øp-°-fp-≈-h\pw

A¬∏mbp ˛ A¬∏m-bp pw

IZm-NnXv kpJo ˛ Nnet∏mƒ kpJnbpw Bbncn-°pw.

(26)

\mtkm-Zy-Zz-Nt\m kptX ITn-\-lr-{Zmtlm kptX Ip£n-cpIv

ZznSv{Iq-c-{K-l-]o-Un-X-x k-Kp-Z-cpIv {ioam≥ Nncmbpx £tX

 165

kv{Xokw-Km-Z-[t\m atZ N hn[ptcm (1) f hocy-kz-X-t{¥m f ¬∏[o

ct{‘ f ¬∏mbp-c-ip-≤n-Ir® hnItem hmXm-a-tbm f ¬]m-flPx.

5. - cmlu kptX ˛ cmlp A©n¬ \n∂m¬

\mtkm-Zy-Zz-Nt\m ˛ aq°p-sIm- p kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h\pw

AkptXm ˛ a°-fn-√m-Ø-h\pw

ITn-\-lrØv ˛ ITn-\-lr-Z-b\pw

Ip£n-cpIv ˛ DZ-c-tcm-Knbpw Bbn-cn-°pw.

6. £tX ˛ cmlp Bdn¬ \n∂m¬

ZznSv{Iq-c-{K-l-]o-Un-X- ˛ i{Xp-{Iqc-{K-l-ß-fm¬ ]oUn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw

Kp-Z-cpIv ˛ KpZ (aqe°pcp) -tcm-Kn-bmbpw

{ioam≥ ˛ {ioam-\mbpw ([-\n-I-\m-bpw)

Nncmbp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h-\mbpw `hn-°pw.

7. atZ ˛ cmlp Ggn¬ \n∂m¬

kv{Xokw-Km-Z-[t\m ˛ kv{Xo_‘waqew \n¿≤\\mIp∂h\pw

hn[ptcm ˛ `mcy -a-cn-®-h\pw

Ahocy ˛ hocyw C√m-Ø-h\pw

- kz-X-t{¥m ˛ kzX-{¥\pw

A¬∏[o ˛ A¬∏-_p-≤n-bpw Bbn-cn-°pw.

8. ct{‘ ˛ cmlp F´n¬ \n∂m¬

A¬∏mbp- ˛ Bbp- p-Ip-d-™-h\pw

Aip-≤n-IrXv ˛ Aip≤am°p-∂h\pw

hnItem ˛ hnI-e\pw

hmXm-a-b ˛ hmX-tcm-Kn--bpw

A¬]m-flP ˛ a°ƒ Ipd-™-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

(27)

[¿Ωtÿ {]Xn-Iq-e-hm-§-W-]p-c-{Km-am-[nt]m f ]pWy-hm≥(1)

JymXx tJ f ¬∏-kp-tXm -f \y-Im-cy-\n-cXx k¬°¿Ω-lo-t\m- f `bx

{ioam-∂m-Xn-kp-X-›n-cm-bp-c-kptc emt` kI¿Æm-abx

{]O-∂m-L-ctXm _lp-hy-b-Itcm cnt^ f w_p-cp-Iv]o-Un-Xx.

]mTt`Zw (1) ]pWyhm≥

9. [¿Ωtÿ ˛ cmlp HºXn¬ \n∂m¬

{]Xn-Iq-e-hm-Iv ˛ FXn¿]-d-bp-∂-h\pw

KW-]p-c-{Km-am-[nt]m ˛ KWw, ]pcw, {Kmaw F∂n-h-bpsS A[n-]\pw

A]pWy-hm≥ ˛ ]pWy-an√m-Ø-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

10. tJ ˛ cmlp ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬

JymX ˛ {]i-kvX\pw

A¬∏-kpX ˛ a°ƒ Ipd-™-h\pw

A\y-Im-cy-\n-cX ˛ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Imcy-ß-fn¬ \nc-X\pw

k¬°¿Ω-lo-t\m ˛ kXvI¿Ω-߃ sNøm-Ø-h-\pw-

A`b ˛ \n¿`-b\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

11. Akptc emt` ˛ cmlp ]Xn-s\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬

 166

{ioam≥ ˛ [\-hm\pw-

\ A-Xn-kp-X ˛ A[nIw a°ƒ C√mØ-h\pw

-Nn-cm-bp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈h\pw

-I¿Æm-ab ˛ sNhn-tcm-K-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw BIpw.

12. cnt^ ˛ cmlp ]{¥- n¬ \n∂m¬

{]O-∂ AL- ctXm ˛ cl-ky-ambn ]m]-߃ sNøp-∂-h\pw

_lp-hy-b-Itcm ˛ henb Nne-hp-Im-c\pw

Aw_p-cp-Iv]o-Un-X ˛ PetZmj-Øm¬ hnj-an-°p-∂-h\pw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

9. tIXp

(28)

et· IrXLv\akpJw ]nip\w hnh¿Æw

ÿm\-NypXnw hnI-e-tZ-l-a-k-Xvk-`mPw (1)

hnZym¿∞-lo-\-a-[-tam-‡n-bpXw IpZrjvSnw

]m]x (2) ]cm-∂-\n-cXx IpcptX [\-ÿx.

]mTt`Zw : (1) a-k-XZva-`mPw, (2) ]m-Xx

1. ]m] (]mXx) -˛ tIXp

et· ˛ e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

IrXLv\ ˛ \μn-sI-´-h\pw

AkpJw ˛ kpJ-an-√m-Ø-h\pw

]nip\w ˛ {Iqc\pw / \pWb\pw

hnh¿Æw ˛ \ndt`Zap≈h\pw

ÿm\-NypXw ˛ ÿm\{`jvS\pw

hnI-e-tZ-l ˛ hnI-emw-K\pw -

Ak-Xv k`mPw ˛ Atbm-Ky-cp-am-bp≈ Iq´p-sI-´p-≈-h\pw

(Bbn-cn-°pw.)

2. [\-ÿ ˛ tIXp c- n¬ \n∂m¬

hnZym¿∞-lo-\ ˛ ]Tn∏pw ]Whpw C√m-Ø-h-\pw

-A-[-tam-‡n-bpXw ˛ Ak`yw ]d-bp-∂-h-\pw

IpZrjvSnw ˛ ZrjvSn°p XIcmdp-≈-h-\pw-

]cm-∂-\n-cX ˛ A\ys‚ `£-Ww-sIm- p Ign-bp-∂-h\pw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

(29)

Bbp¿∫ew [\-bix {]a-Zm-∂-kuJyw

tIXu XrXo-b-`-ht\ kl-P-{]-Wmiw

`qt£-{X-bm-\-P-\-\o-kp-J-P-∑-`qanw

\miw kptJ ]c-Kr-l-ÿn-Xn-tah ]m]x

3. tIXu XrXo-b-`-ht\ ˛ tIXp aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬

Bbp¿∫ew ˛ Bbp v

[\ ˛ [\w

 167

bi ˛ {]ikvXn

{]a-Zm A-∂- kuJyw ˛ kv{Xokp-Jw, `£-W-kpJw

kl-P-{]-Wmiw ˛ ktlmZ-c-\m-iw F∂nh ^ew.

4. kptJ ˛ tIXp \men¬ \n∂m¬

`q ˛ `qkzØv

t£-{X ˛ hoSv-

bm-\ ˛ hml\w-

P-\-\o ˛ amXmhv

kp-J- ˛ kpJw

P-∑-`qan ˛ P\n® \mSv

\miw ˛˛ Chbv°p \miw,

]c-Kr-l-ÿn-Xn-tah ˛ A\y-Krlhmkw F∂nh ^ew.

(tIXp \men¬ \n∂m¬ F√mw \in®p \mSp-hn-Spw, InS-°m-s\mcp hoSp-t]mepw

kz¥-ambn D- m-hn√ F∂p kqN\.)

(30)

]p{X£bw PT-c-tcmK]n-im-N-]oUmw

Zp¿∫p≤nam-fl\n Je-{]-Ir-Xnw N ]m]x (]mXx)

HuZm-cy-ap-Ø-a-KpWw ZrVXmw {]kn≤nw

jjvtT {]`p-Xz-a-cn-h¿≤-\(1)-an-jvS-kn-≤nw.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: Acnh¿≤\w ˛ i{Xph¿≤\

5. B-fl\n ˛ tIXp A©n¬ \n∂m¬

]p{X£bw ˛ k¥-Xo-\m-iw

PT-c-tcmK ˛ DZ-c-tcmKw

- ]n-im-N-]oUmw ˛ Zp¿Ωq¿Øn _m[-

Zp¿∫p≤n ˛ ]ng® _p≤n

Je-{]-Ir-Xn ˛ ZpjvS-{]-IrXn (Ch ^ew.)

6. jjvtT ˛ tIXp Bdn¬ \n∂m¬

HuZm-cy ˛ DZm-cX

DØ-a-KpWw ˛ kZvKpWw

ZrUXmw ˛ Zm¿Vyw

{]kn≤n ˛ {]ikvXn

{]`p-Xz- ˛ {]`p-Xzw,

Acn-a¿±-\w ˛ i{XpPbw

C-jvS-kn-≤nw ˛ CjvS-em`w (Ch ^ew.)

(31)

Zyqt\- f h-am\ak-Xo-c-Xn-am-{¥-tcmKw

]m](X) -kz-Zm-c-hn-bp-Xnw- a-Z-[m-Xp-lm\nw

kz¬∏m-bp-cn-jvS-hn-clw Ielw N ct{‘

ikv{X-£-Xw kI-e-Im-cy-hntcm[tah.

7. Zyqt\- ˛ tIXp Ggn¬ \n∂m¬

Ah-am-\- ˛ Ah-am\w

 168

A-k-Xo-c-Xn ˛ NoØ -kv{Xo-I-fp-ambn _‘w

-B-{¥-tcmKw -˛ B-{¥-hr≤n (hrjWØn¬ \ocv)

kz-Zm-c-hn-bpXnw ˛ `mcy-tbmSp ]ncn™ncn-°p-I

aZ-[m-Xp-lm\nw ˛ hocy-\jvSw Ch ^ew.

8. ct{‘ ˛ tIXp F´n¬ \n∂m¬

kz¬]m-bp- ˛ A¬∏m-bp v

CjvS-hn-clw ˛ CjvS-s∏-´-hsc ]ncn™n-cn-t°- n hcnI

Ielw ˛ hg°v

ikv{X-£-X- ˛ Bbp-[--߃sIm- p apdnhv

k-I-e-Im-cy-hn-tcm[-ta-h ˛ F√m-Ønepw XS w (Ch ^ew.)

(32)

]m]-{]-hr-Øn-a-ip`w ]nXr-`m-Ky-lo\w

Zmcn-{Zy-am-cy-P-\-Zq-j-W-am-l- [¿tΩ

kXvI¿Ω-hn-Lv\-a-ip-Nn-Xz-a-h-Zy-IrXyw

tXtPm- f ipt`m(1) \`kn iucy-a-Xn-{]-kn-≤nw.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ tXP-kzn\w

9. [¿tΩ - - ˛ tIXp HºXn¬ \n∂m¬

]m]-{]-hr-Øn- ˛ ]m]-{]-h¿Øn-Iƒ

Aip`w ˛ Aip`w

]nXr-`m-Ky-lo\w ˛ A—\pw `mKyhpw C√m-Xn-cn-°pI

Zmcn-{Zyw ˛ Zmcn-{Zyw

Bcy-P-\-Zq-j-Ww ˛ t{ijvT-\nμ Ch ^ew.

10. \`kn ˛ tIXp ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬

kXvI¿Ω-hn-Lv\w- ˛ \√ I¿Ω-߃°p XS w

Aip-Nn-Xz-w ˛ hrØn-tISv / Aip≤w

A-h-Zy-IrXyw ˛ Acp-Xm-ØXp sNøpI

tXtPm- ˛ tXP v

Aipt`m ˛ Aip-`≥ (tI-Xp)

iucy-w ˛ iucy-w

A-Xn-{]-kn-≤n ˛ t]cpw s]cp-abpw Ch ^ew.

(33)

emt` f ¿∞-k-©-b-a-t\-I-KpWw kpt`mKw

k{Zhytkm]IcWw kI-em¿∞kn≤nw (1)

{]—-∂-]m-]-a-[ahyb-a¿∞-\miw

cnt^ hncp-≤-K-Xn-a-£n-cpPw N ]mXx.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kptim-`apZy-Zv{K-tlm-]-I-cWw kI-em¿∞ kn≤nw

11. emt` ˛ tIXp ]Xn-s\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬

A¿∞-k-©-bw ˛ kºØv

At\-I-KpWw ˛ kZvKpW߃

kptim-` ˛ icocIm¥n-

(]mTt`Zw: kpt`mK ˛t`mKm\p`hw)

 169

Kr-tlm-]-I-cWw ˛ ho´p-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ

kI-em¿∞ kn≤nw ˛ B{K-ln-®-sX√mw \S°pI Ch ^ew.

12. cnt^ ˛ tIXp ]{¥-- n¬ \n∂m¬

{]—-∂-]m-]-w ˛ ad-®p-sh® ]m]w

A[ahybw ˛ Zp¿hybw

A¿∞-\miw ˛ [\-\miw

hncp-≤-K-Xn ˛ hn]coX_p≤n

A-£n-cpPw ˛ t\{X-tcmKw (F∂nh ^ew.)

Xtam{KlambXn\m¬ Hcp XnI™ ]m]s\∂ \nebv°mWv tIXphns\s°m

- p≈ ^e߃ ChnsS hnhcn®n´p≈Xv. PmXI߃ HØp t\m°n Xømdm°nbX√,

D≈ \nba߃ hnIkn∏ns®SpØXmWv F∂p hy‡w. ^eZo]nIbpsS am{Xa√, F√m

^etPymXnj{KŸßfptSbpw ÿnXn CXpXs∂bmWv. F∂m¬ B[p\nI tPymXnj

Øns‚ hcthmsS Cu Ahÿbv°p am‰w h∂n´p- v. \nbaßtf°mf[nIw A\p`h

Øn\v Du∂¬ sImSp°p∂ Cu coXn{]Imcw Zm¿i\nIamb Imcyßfn¬ tIXphn\p

henb kzm[o\ap- v.

10. ^e-{]m]vXn

(34)

DZ-b¿£mw-i-kv^p-S-Xp-eymwti

\nh-k≥ ]q¿Æw ^e-amZ(-[)tØ

i\n-h-{Zmlp IpP-hXv tIXpx

^e-ZmXm kymZnl kwt{]m-‡x.

DZb¿£mwi...

-˛ ta¬∏-d™ ^e-߃ ]q¿Æambn e`n-°-W-sa-¶n¬ {Kl-ÿnXn e·-Øn¬ e·-

kv^p-S-Øn\p Xpey-am-IWw.

i\n-h-{Zmlp...

˛ cmlp i\n-sb-t∏m-sebpw tIXp IpP-s\-t∏m-sebpw ^ew \¬Ipw.

(35)

`mh-k-amw-i-I-kwÿm

`mh-^ew ]q¿Æ-tah Ie-b¥n

\yq\m-[n-Imw-i-h-iXx

^e-hr-≤n¿{lm-kXm hmNy.

`mhkamwiI...

˛ {Kl-kv^pSw `mh-kv^p-S-Øn\p Xpey-sa-¶n¬ ]q¿Æ-^-ew e`n-°pw. Cu kv^pS--

߃ XΩn-¬ hyXym-k-ap-s- -¶n¬ B hyXymka-\p-k-cn®v ^eØnepw am‰w hcpw.

IqSmsX, ]q¿Æ ^ew In´Wsa¶n¬ {Kl߃°pw `mh߃°pw ]q¿Æ_ew

({Kl_ehpw `mh_ehpw) thWw. _ew Ipdbpw tXmdpw ^ehpw Ipdbpw.

170 

A≤ymbw 9

{Kl߃ cmin-I-fn¬

e·^ehpw {Kl-߃ cmin-I-fn¬ \n∂-mep-≈- ^-e-ßfpw

hnjbhnhcw 1. tajmZn e·-^ew

2. {Kl߃ D®cmin, kzt£{Xw XpSßnbhbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew.

1. ^e߃ Nn¥nt°- hn[w

2 .{Kl-߃ D®-Øn¬

3. {Kl-߃ kzt£{X-Øn¬

4. {Kl-߃ an{Xt£{X-Øn¬

5. {Kl-߃ i{Xpt£{X-Øn¬

6. {Kl-߃ \oN-Øn¬

7. {KlØn\p auVy-aps- ¶n¬

8. {Kl-߃ ka-t£{XØn¬

9. {Kl-߃ h{IKXnbn¬

10. h¿t§m-Øa^ew

1. tajmZn e·-^ew

(1)

hrtØ-£tWm Zp¿∫-e-Pm-\p-cpt{Km

`ocp¿Pte kym√-Lp-`pIv kpImao

k©m-c-io-e-›-]-tem -f \r-tXm-‡n¿˛

{hWm-¶n-XmwKx {Inbt` {]Pm-Xx.

1. taS-e·w hrtØ-£tWm ˛ hrØ-amb IÆpIfp≈h≥

Zp¿∫-e-Pm-\px ˛ Zp¿∫-e-amb -Im¬ap´ptfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.

D{K ˛ D{K≥

`ocp¿÷te ˛ PeØn¬ t]Sn.

 171

e-Lp-`pIv - ˛ eLp-hmbn am{Xw `£n-°p-∂-h≥

kpImao ˛ ImahnImcw IqSpXep≈h≥

k©m-c-io-e-x ˛ bm{X-Iƒ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

- N]-tem ˛ N]-e≥, a\ n\v Dd∏n√mØh≥

A\r-tXm-‡nx ˛ \pW- ]d-bp-∂-h≥

{hWm-¶n-XmwKx ˛ apdn-∏m-Sp≈ icocw

{Inbt` {]Pm-Xx. ˛ taSw cminbn¬ / taSw cmin DZn-®p-sIm-- n-

cp-∂-t∏mƒ (taSw e·-Øn¬) P\n-®-h≥.

(2)

]rYq-cp-h{‡x Irjn-I¿Ω-Ir-’ym˛

∑≤ym-¥-kuJyx {]a-Zm-{]n-b›

XymKo £ao t¢i-k-l› tKmam≥

]rjvTky ]m¿tiz- f ¶-bptXm hrtjm∞x.

2. CShw e·w hrtjm∞x ˛ CS-h-e·Øn¬ P\n®m¬

]rYq Du-cp- h{‡x ˛ ]rYp-hmb Ducp-°fpw h{‡hpw.

XSn® XpS-ItfmSpw apJtØmSpw IqSnbh\pw

Irjn-I¿Ω-IrXv ˛ I¿j-I\pw

a≤y A¥-- kuJyx ˛ Pohn-X-Øns‚ a≤y`mKØpw Ah-km-\

mKØpw kpJw- A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw

{]a-Zm- {]n-bx N ˛ kv{Xo-I-fn¬ {]nb-ap-≈-h\pw

(kv{XoIƒ°p {]nbs∏ -h≥ F∂pw ImWp∂p.)

XyvmKo ˛ XymK-io-e\pw

£ao ˛ £am-io-e\pw

t¢i-k-lx N ˛ t¢i-߃ kln-°p-∂-h\pw

tKmam≥ ˛ ]ip-°-fp-≈-h\pw

]rjvTky ]m¿tiz- A¶bptXm ˛ ]rjvT-Øns‚ ]m¿iz-`m-KØv

AS-bm-f-ap-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

(]r-jvT Bky ]m¿tiz Fs∂-SpØv ]n≥-`m-KØpw apJØpw ]m¿iz`mKØpw

F∂pw Hcp hymJym\w ImWp-∂p.)

(3)

iymta-£Wx Ip©n-X-aq¿≤Px kv{Xo˛

{IoUm-\p-c-‡› ]tcw-Kn-X⁄x

DØpw-K-\mkx {]nb-Ko-X-\rtØm

hk≥ kZm-¥- -Zt\ N bpt‹.

3. anYp\w e·w bpt‹ ˛ anYp\w e·Øn¬ P\n®m¬

iym Cu£Wx ˛ IdpØ IÆp-Iƒ

Ip©n-X-aq¿≤Px ˛ Npcp- Xe-apSn

kv{Xo{IoUm-\p-c-‡x ˛ kv{Xo{Io-U-bn¬ A\p-c-‡≥

]c Cw-Kn-X⁄x ˛ a‰-p≈-h-cpsS a\ nep≈Xv Adn-bp-∂-h≥

 172

DØpw-K-\mkx ˛ Db¿∂ aq°v

{]nb-Ko-X-\rtØm ˛ ]m´nepw \rØ-Ønepw {]nb-ap-≈-h≥

hk≥ kZm A¥x k-Zt\ ˛ Ft∏mgpw ho´n\p≈n¬Øs∂

Ign-bm≥ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥.

(4)

kv{Xo\n¿÷nXx ]o\-K-f-x kant{Xm

_lzm-ebkvXpwK-I-Sn¿≤-\mVyx

{lkz› ht{Im {ZpXKx Ipfotc

ta[m-\zn-X-kvtXm-b-c-tXm f ¸-]p{Xx

4. I¿°-SIw e·w Ipfotc ˛ I¿°-S-I-e-·-Øn¬ P\n-®m¬

kv{Xo\n¿÷nXx ˛ kv{XoI-tfmSp hnt[-b-Xz-ap-≈-h≥

]o\-K-fx- ˛ XSn® IgpØv

kant{Xm ˛ an{X-ß-fp-≈-h≥

_lzm-ebx ˛ At\Iw hoSpIƒ D≈-h≥

XpwK-I-Snx ˛ Db¿∂ Ac-s°´v

[-\mVyx ˛ [\m-Vy≥

{lkzx ˛ Dbcw Ipd-™-h≥

ht{Im ˛ hfhp≈h≥

{ZpXKx ˛ thK-Øn¬ t]mIp-∂-h≥

ta[m-\zn-X ˛ _p≤n-am≥

- tXm-b-c-tXm ˛ Pe-Øn¬ X¬∏-c≥

A¬∏-]p{Xx ˛ ]p{X¿ Ipd-hv.

(5)

]nwtK-£Wx ÿqe-l-\p¿hn-im-e˛

ht{‡m- f `n-am\o k]-cm-{I-ax- kymXv

Ip]y-Xy-Imtcy h\-ssi-e-Kmao

amXr-hn-tbmKx(1) ÿnc-[o¿ar-tK-t{μ.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ amXr-hn-t[b

4. Nnßw e·w artKt{μ ˛ Nnßw e·-Øn¬ P\n-®m¬

]nwtK-£Wx ˛ ]nwK--\n-d-Ønep≈ IÆp-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.

(]nwKw ˛ a™bpw Nph∏pw Ie¿∂ \ndw)

ÿqe-l-\px ˛ XSn® XmSnsb√v

hn-im-eht{‡m- ˛ hnim-e-amb apJw / hmb

A`n-am\o ˛ A`nam\n

k]-cm-{I-a ˛ ]cm-{Ian

Ip]yXn AImtcy ˛ Imcy-an-√m-sX tIm]n-°p-∂-h≥

h\-ssi-e-Kmao ˛ Im´nepw aebnepw Kan-°p-∂-h≥

amXr-hn-tbmKx ˛ amXm-hns‚ hntbmKw

(amXr-hn-t[b ˛ amXm-hnt\mSphnt[b-Xzw F∂pw ImWp∂p.)

 173

ÿnc-[o ˛ Cf°an√mØ a\ v / _p≤n

(6)

{kkvXmwk_mlpx ]c-hn-Ø-tK-sslx

kw]q-PytX kXy-cXx {]ntbm‡nx

{hofm-e-km-£-x kp-c-X-{]n-b-kym˛

—mkv{Xm¿∞-hn-®m¬∏-kp-tXmw-K-\mbmw.

5. I∂n e·w {kkvXmwk_mlpx ˛ th¿s]´ / ZrVa√mØ tXmfp-Ifpw

ssIIfpw

]c -hn-Ø- tK-sslx kw]q-PytX ˛ a‰p≈hcpsS [\hpw hoSpw sIm- v

am\n°s∏Sp∂h≥.

{]ntbm‡nx ˛ CjvSw ]d-bp-∂-h≥

{hofm-e-km-£ -. ˛ e÷sIm- v Ae-k-amb IÆp-ItfmSp

IqSnbh≥

kp-c-X-{]n-bx- ˛ kpc-X-Øn¬ {]nb-ap-≈-h≥

imkv{Xm¿∞-hnXv ˛ imkv{Xm¿∞ßfn¬,

imkv{Xm¿∞-N¿®I-fn¬, hnZzm≥,

-A¬∏-kp-tXm ˛ a°ƒ Ipd-hv.

(7)

NeXvIr-imw-tKm f ¬∏-kp-tXm- f Xn- t‡m

tZh-Zzn-Pm-\m-aSt\m Zzn\mam

{]mwip› Z£x {Ib-hn-{I-tbjp

[otcm f c (1)- b-kvXu-en\n a≤y-hm-Zo.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ AZb, A`b

6. Xpemw e·w Xu-en\n ˛ Xpemw e·-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

Ne¬Ir-imw-tKm ˛ Nen-°p-∂Xpw Iri-hp-amb

AwK-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

A¬∏-kp-tXm ˛ a°ƒ Ipd™ncn°pw

- AXn-`t‡m tZh-Zzn-Pm-\mw ˛ tZh∑-mcnepw -{_m-“-W-cnepw hfsc

`‡nbp≈h≥

Zzn\mam ˛ c- p t]cp-≈h≥

{]mwipx ˛ s]m°-ap-≈-h≥

Z£x {Ib-hn-{In-tbjp ˛ I®-h-S-Øn¬ ka¿∞≥

[otcm ˛ [oc≥

a≤y-hm-Zo ˛ X¿°-ß-fn¬ a≤y-ÿ≥.

(8)

hrtØmcpPwLx ]rYpt\{X-h£m

tcmKo iniptXz Kpcp-Xm-X-lo\x

 174

{Iqc-{Intbm cmP-Ip-em-`n-apJyx

IotS- f _vP-tc-JmMvInX]mWn-]m-Zx.

8. hr›nIw e·w IotS- ˛ hr›nIe·-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

hrtØmcpPwL ˛ hrØsamØ XpSIfpw ap´p-Ifpw

]rYpt\{X-h£m ˛ ]rYp-hmb t\{Xßfpw h£ pw.,

(hen-b IÆpIfpw hncn™amdpw)

tcmKo iniptXz ˛ ssii-h-Øn¬ tcmKn

(_m-em-cn-jvSp-Iƒ)

Kpcp- Xm-X -lo\x ˛ Kpcphpw XmX\pw C√m-Ø-h≥,

(]nXmhns‚ kwc£Wtam Kpcphns‚

in£Wtam e`n°mØh≥)

{Iqc-{Intbm ˛ {Iqc-{]-h¿Øn-Iƒ sNøp-∂-h≥, ZpjvS≥

cmP-Ip-em-`n-apJyx ˛ cmP-Ip-e-tØmSv B`n-ap-Jy-ap-≈-h≥,

(`cn°p∂hcpsS klmbap≈h≥)

A_vP-tc-JmMvInX]mWn-]m-Zx ˛ Xmac∏phns‚ ASbmfap≈ ssIImepI

tfmSp IqSn-b-h≥.

(9)

Zo¿Lm-ky-IWvTx ]rYp-I¿Æ-\mkx

I¿tΩm-ZypXx Ip_vP-X-\p¿\r-t]jvSx

{]mK-¤y-`mIv XymK-bptXm f cnl¥m

kmavss\-I-km-t≤ym- f -izn-`thm _em-Vyx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: {]mK-¤y-hmIv

9. [\p e·w Aizn-`thm ˛ [\p e·-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

Zo¿L Bky- IWvTx ˛ Zo¿L-amb apJhpw Igp-Øpw

]rYp -I¿Æ- \mkx ˛ XSn® sNhnbpw aq°pw.

I¿tΩm-ZypXx ˛ {]h¿Ø-\-\n-c-X≥.

{]mK¤y`mIv ˛ {]K¤≥

Ip_vP -X-\px ˛ Iq\p≈ icocw

\r-t]jvSx ˛ \r]\v CjvS-am-b-h≥

XymK-bptXm ˛ XymK-io-e≥

Acnl¥m ˛ i{Xp-°sf h[n-°p-∂-h≥

kmavss\-I-km-t≤ym -˛ \√ hm°pIsfs°m- p

kzm[o\n°mhp∂h≥

_em-Vyx ˛ i‡≥.

(10) A[x-Ir-i-x kXz-bptXm Krlo-X˛

hmtIym f -e-tkm f K-ay-P-cmw-K-t\jvSx

[¿Ω-≤ztPm `mKy-bp-tXm- f S-\›

hmXm¿ZntXm \{I-`thm hne÷x.

 175

10. aIc e·w \{I- thm -˛ aI-c-e-·-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

A[x-Ir-i- ˛ Acbv°p Xmsg saen™ icocw

k-Xz-bptXm ˛ Dƒ°cptØmSp IqSn-b-h≥.

. (k’z`mhn F∂pw ImWp∂p.)

Krlo-X hmtIym ˛ kzoI-cn-°s∏Sp∂ hmt°m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥,

P\k-Ω-X≥

Aetkm ˛ Ae-k≥, aSn-b≥

AK-ay- P-cmw-K-\ CjvSx ˛ hr≤Ifnepw {]m]n-°m≥ ]mSn-√mØ

kv{XoIfnepw Xm-¬∏cyap-≈-h≥

[¿Ω-≤ztPm ˛ [¿Ωw sImSn-bSbmfam-bn-´p-≈-h≥.

([¿Ωw sImSnbn¬ am{Xta ImWq. Bƒ A[m¿ΩnI\mbncn°pw.)

`mKy-bp-tXm ˛ `mKy-ap-≈-h≥

AS-\x ˛ tZim-S-\-°m-c≥

- hmXm¿±ntXm - ˛ hmX-tcm-Kn.

hne÷x ˛ e÷-bn-√m-Ø-h≥, \mWw-sI- -h≥.

(11)

{]—-∂-]mt]m LS-Xp-ey-tZtlm

hnLm-X-Z-t£m f -≤z-k-tlm f ¬∏-hnØx

ep_v[x ]cm¿∞o £b-hr-≤n-bpt‡m

LtSm-¤hx kymXv {]nb-K-‘-]pjv]x.

11. Ipw`w e·w LtSm-¤hx ˛ Ip`w e·-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥

{]—-∂-]mt]m -˛ ad®psh® ]m]-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.

LS-Xp-ey-tZtlm ˛ IpSw.t]m-ep≈ ico-cw.

hnLm-X-Z-t£m ˛ XS ßƒ D- m-°p-∂-Xn¬ - k-a¿∞≥. A≤z-k-tlm. . ˛ \o- \SØw kln°p∂h≥

A¬∏-hnØx ˛ A[nIw [\-an-√m-Ø-h≥

ep_v[x ˛ ep_v[≥, ]nip-°≥

]cm¿∞o ˛ A\ycpsS [\tØmSpIqSnbh≥

£b-hr-≤n-bpt‡m ˛ -˛ Db¿®Ifpw Xmgv®Ifpw D≈h≥

{]nb-K-‘-]pjv]x. ˛ hmk\Ifpw ]q°fpw CjvSs∏Sp∂h≥

(12)

AXyw-_p-]m-\-x k-a-Nm-cptZlx

kzZm-c-K-kvtXm-b-P-hn-Ø-t`m‡m

hnZzm≥ IrX-t⁄m- f `n-`-h-Xy-an-{Xm≥

ipt`-£tWm `mKy-bp-tXm- f ¥y-cm-ti.

12. ao\w e·w A¥y-cmti ˛ ao\-e-·-Øn¬ P\n-®m¬

AXyw-_p-]m-\- ˛ hfsc sh≈w IpSn-°p-∂-h≥

 176

k-a-Nm-cptZlx ˛ kahpw Nmcp-hp-amb tZlw.

(Nmcp ˛ `wKnbp≈, .kaw ˛ XpeyXbp≈, GIcq]amb, Cc´bmb ....(i_vZXmcmhen)

kzZm-c-K ˛ kz¥w `mcy-tbm-Sp- (am{Xw) _‘w

]pe¿Øp∂-h≥

tXm-b-P -hn-Ø- t`m‡m ˛ Pe-hpamtbm Pehn`hßfpamtbm

_‘s∏´ hcpam\w. A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥.

hnZzm≥ ˛ ]finX≥

IrX-t⁄m ˛ \μn-bp-≈-h≥

- A`n-`-h-Xn A-an-{Xm≥ ˛ i{Xp-°sf Pbn-°p-∂-h≥

ipt`-£tWm ˛ hiyamb IÆpItfmSpIqSnbh≥

`mKy-bp-tXm ˛ `mKy-hm≥.

(13)

cmtix kz`m-hm-{i-b-cq-]-h¿Æm≥

⁄mXzm-\p-cq-]mWn ^em\n Xky

bp‡ym htZZ{X ^ew hnet·

b®-{μ-e-t· f ]n XtZh hmNyw

2. {Kl߃ D®cmin, kzt£{Xw XpSßnbhbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew.

1.^e߃ Nn¥nt°- hn[w cmtix kz`m-h B-{i-b- cq-] -h¿Æm≥ ⁄mXzm-

˛ cmin-bpsS kz`m-hw, B{i-bw, cq]w, h¿Æw F∂nh Adn-™n´v

A\p-cq-]mWn ^em\n Xky bp‡ym htZXv

˛ A\p-cq-]-amb ^e߃ bp‡n-]q¿hw ]d-bWw.

A{X ^ew hnet· b®-{μ-e-t· A]n XtZh hmNyw

˛ Cu ^e߃ e·w sh®pw N{μ-e·w (PmXIØn¬ N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin)

sh®pw ]cn-tim-[n-®p ]dbWw.

(14)

{Ktl kXn \ntPm-®tK `hXn cXv\-K¿`m-[nt]m

alo-]-Xn-Ir-X-kvXp-Xn¿a-ln-X-k-º-Zm-am-ebx

DZm-c-Kp-W-kw-bptXm PbXn hn{I-am¿t°m bYm

\tb bikn hn{Ita hnX-ctW [rXu Iui-te.

2 .{Kl-߃ D®-Øn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew {Ktl kXn \ntPm-®tK `hXn ˛ P\-\-Øn-¶¬ {Kl-߃ kz¥w D®-cm-in-I-fn-

emsW-¶n¬

cXv\-K¿`m-[nt]m ˛ ˛ `qanbpsS A[n]≥

alo-]-Xn-Ir-X-kvXp-Xnx ˛ cmPm-hn-\m¬ kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

a-ln-X-k-º-Zm-am-ebx ˛ henb kº-Øns‚ Ccn-∏n-Sw

DZm-c-Kp-W-kw-bptXm ˛ HuZm-cy-io-e≥

\tb bikn hn{Ita hnX-ctW [rXu Iui-te

˛ \bw, bi- v, hn{Iaw, Zm\w, _p≤n,

Iuiew XpS-ßn-b-h-sIm- v

 177

PbXn hn{I-am¿t°m bYm ˛ hn{I-am-Zn-Xy-s\-t∏mepw Pbn-°pw.

- -(15)

kza-μn-c-KtX {Ktl {]`p-]-cn-{K-lm-Zm-bXnw

{]`p-Xz-a]n hm Krl-ÿn-Xn- a-N-©emw {]m]v\p-bmXv

\hw `h-\-ap¿h-cm-£n-Xn-ap-ss]Xn Imte kztI

Pt\ _lp-aXnw ]p\-x- kI-e-\-jvS-hkvXq\y-]n.

3. {Kl-߃ kzt£{X-Øn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew kza-μn-c-KtX {Ktl ˛ {Kl-߃ kzt£-{X-ß-fn¬ \n¬°ptºmƒ

P\n®m¬

{]`p-]-cn-{K-lm-Zm-bXnw ˛ {]`p-°-fn¬\n∂p kΩm\߃In´p∂h\pw

{]`p-Xz-a]n hm ˛ As√-¶n¬ {]`pXzwXs∂ (e`n°p∂h\pw)

Krl-ÿn-Xn-aw AN-©emw ˛ Cf°w X´mØ Krl-hmkw

{]m]v\p-bmXv \hw `h-\-w D¿h-cm-£n-Xn ˛]pXnb hoSpw ^e-`q-bn-jvT-amb

Irjnÿehpw kºmZn°pw

Imte kztI ˛ kz¥w (Cu {KlØns‚ Zi-bn¬)

Pt\ _lp-aXnw ˛ P\-ßfpsS _-lp-am\w e`n°pw

]p\x kI-e-\-jvS-hkvXq\y-]n .˛ \jvS-s∏-´ hkvXp°sf-√mw Xncn®p

In´pIbpw sNøpw.

(16)

{Kl-x kp-lr-Xvt£-{X-K-Xx k-p-lr¤nx

Imcyky kn≤nw \h-ku-lrZw N

kp(k-Xv)]p-{X-Pm-bm-[-\-[m-\y-`mKyw

ZZm-Xybw k¿h-P-\m-\pIq-eyw.

4. {Kl-߃ an{Xt£{X-Øn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew {Klx kplr-Xvt£{X KX ˛ {Kl-߃ an{X-t£-{X-Øn¬ \n¬°p-

tºmƒ P\n®m¬

kp-lr¤nx Imcyky kn≤nw ˛ kplr-Øp-°-fm¬ / _‘p°sf

s°m- p Imcy-߃ km[n°pw

\h-ku-lrZw N ˛ ]pXnb kplrXv_‘-߃ ÿm]n°pw

kp]p-{X -Pm-bm -[-\ -[m-\y-`mKyw ˛ \√ a°ƒ, `mcy, [\w, [m\yw

`mKyw F∂nh D- mIpw.

k¿h-P-\m-Iq-eyw ˛ F√m-h-cpw A\pIqen°p∂h\pw

Bbncn°pw.

(17)

KtX {Ktl i{Xp-Krlw \nIr-jvSXmw

]cm-∂-hrØnw ]c-a-μn-c-ÿnXnw

AIn-©\Xzw cn]p-]o-U\w kZm

kv\nKvt[m]n Xkym-Xn-cn-]p-Xz-am-]v\p-bm-Xv.

 178

5. {Kl-߃ i{Xpt£{X-Øn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew

KtX {Ktl i{Xp-Krlw ˛ {Kl߃ i{Xp-t£-{X-Øn¬

\n¬°ptºmƒ P\n®m¬

\nIr-jvSXmw ˛ \nIr-jvSamb, NoØ, I¿Ω߃

sNøp∂h\pw

]cm-∂-hrØnw ˛ A\y≥ Xcp∂ `£WwsIm- p

Pohn°p∂h\pw

]c-a-μn-c-ÿnXnw ˛ A\ys‚ ho´n¬ Xmakn°p∂h\pw

cn]p-]o-U\w kZm ˛ Ft∏mgpw i{Xp-ieyw A\p`hn°p∂h\pw

kv\nKv[ A]n Xky A-Xn-cn-]p-Xzw B--]v\p-bm-Xv

˛ an{X߃ t]mepw Ahs‚ i{Xp-°-fm-Ipw.

(18)

\oN-Kr-tl- f [x-]-X\w kzhr-ssØ¿˛

ssZ\yw Zpcm-Nm-c-ar-Wm-]vXn-amlpx

\oNm-{ibw IoI-S-tZ-i-hmkw

`rXy-Xz-a-≤z-ma-\¿∞-Im-cyw.

6.{Kl-߃ \oN-Øn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew \oN-Kr-tl- - ˛ {Kl-w \oN-cminbn¬ \n¬°ptºmƒ

P\n®m¬

A[x-]-X\w kzhr-ssØx ˛ kz¥w {]h¿Øn-IƒsIm- v /

kz¥w sXmgnen¬\n∂v A[-]-X\w

ssZ\yw ˛ Zo\X

Zpcm-Nm-cw- ˛ Zpjv{]h¿ØnIƒ

EWm-]vXn- ˛ IS_m≤yXIƒ

\oNm-{ibw ˛ Zp¿÷\ßsf B{ibnt°- n hcpI.

IoIStZihmkw ˛ KpWw]nSn°mØ, Zcn{Zamb, tZißfn¬

Pohnt°- n hcpw

`rXy-Xz- ˛ Zmky-the sNøpw

A≤z-\y≥ ˛ hgn \S∂p hnj-an-°p-w

A\¿∞-Im-cyw ˛ A\¿∞-ß-fn¬ sN∂pNmSpw.

(19)

{Ktlm auVyw {]m]vtXm ac-W-a-Nn-cmXv kv{Xokp-X-[ss\x

{]lo-WXzw hy¿t∞ Ie-l-a-]-hmZw ]cn-`hw

ka¿£ÿx tJtSm \ Ie-bXn sshti-jn-I-^ew

kpJw hm ZpxJw hm P\-bXn bYm-]q¿h-a-N-ew.

7. {KlØn\p auVy-aps- ¶n¬ {Ktlm auVyw {]m]vtXm ˛ {KlØn\p auVy-aps- ¶n¬

ac-Ww ANn-cm¬ ˛ acWw thKØn¬, A¬∏mbp v

kv{Xokp-X-[ss\x {]loWXzw ˛ `mcy, a°ƒ, [\w apX-embhbpsS

{]loWXzw. {]loWw ˛ XyPn°∏´Xv.

 179

Ch C√mØh≥ F∂¿∞w.

hy¿t∞ Ie-lw - ˛ shdpsXbp≈ hg°pIƒ

A-]-hmZw ˛ NoØt∏cv

]cn-`hw ˛ Aham\w Ch ^ew.

8. {Kl-߃ ka-t£{XØn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew ka¿£ÿx tJtSm ˛ P\\Øn¬ ka-t£-{X-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂

{Klw

\ Ie-bXn sshti-jn-I-^ew ˛ (Xs‚ Zim]lmcßfn¬) hnti-j-ambn

H∂pw sNøp-∂n-√, Hcp am‰hpw hcpØp∂n-√.

kpJw hm ZpxJw hm P\-bXn bYm-]q¿h-a-N-ew

˛ kpJ-am-bmepw ZpJ-am-bmepw, ]-g-b-Xpt]m-se, am‰-an-√m-sX XpScpw.

(sXm´papºv A\p`hn® Zim^ewXs∂ kat£{XØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚

Zibnepw XpScpw F∂¿∞w.)

(20)

h{Iw KtX tkzm®-^ew hnZ-ZymXv

k]Xv\\oN¿£-K-tXm f ]n tJSx

h¿t§m-Ø-amw-i-ÿnXtJN-tcm]n

kzt£-{X-K-tkym-‡-^-em\n XZz-Xv.

9. {Kl-߃ h{IKXnbn¬ BsW¶n¬ ^ew k]Xv\ \oN¿£ -K-X A]n tJSx i{Xp-t£-{Xw, \oNw F∂nhbn¬

\n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃IqSn

h{Iw KtX tkzm®-^ew hnZ-ZymXv h{I-KXn-bn-em-sW-¶n¬ D®-Øn¬ \n∂m-

ep≈ ^ew \¬Ipw.

10. h¿t§m-Øa^ew h¿t§m-Ø-amw-i-ÿnXn tJN-tcm]n ˛ h¿t§m-Ø-a-Øn-ep≈ {Klw

kzt£-{X-K-tkym-‡-^-em\n XZz-Xv ˛ kzt£-{X-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-Øns‚ ^ew

\¬Ipw.

180 

A≤ymbw 10

Ggmw `mhNn¥

Ggmw`mhw, Ggmw`mhm[n]≥, Ggmw`mh`mhImcI≥ ip{I≥ F∂nh ASn

ÿm\ am°nbmWv ]pcpjPmXIØn¬ If{Xkw_‘amb Imcy߃ ˛˛ `mcybpsS

Bbp v, kz`mhKpWw, kXv]p{X∑msc \¬Im\p≈ tbmKw F∂nh ˛˛ km[mcW

Nn¥n°p∂Xv.

(1)

ip`m[n]bptX£ntX kpXIf{Xt` e·tXm

hnt[mc]n Xtbmx ip`w XznXcYm \ kn≤nkvXtbmx

knXmZvhybkpJmjvSssKx JcJssKck∑≤ytK

kntX f ]yY ipt`Xtc£nXbptX N Pmbmh[x.

1. e·tXm hnt[m A]n ˛ e·mtem N{μmtem,

kpXIf{Xt` ˛ A©v(]p{X), Ggv(If{X) `mhßfn¬,

ip`m[n]bptX£ntX ˛ ip`{KlÿnXntbm `mhm[n]ÿnXntbm --

ChcpsS ZrjvSntbm D- mbm¬,

Xtbmx ip`w ˛ Ah c- pw (5,7) ip`Icambncn°pw.

CXcYm ˛ adn®v, Aßns\bs√¶n¬,

\ kn≤nx Xtbmx ˛ Ah c- n\pw ^ekn≤n D- mhpIbn√.

2. knXmXv ˛ ip{Im¬, -

hybkpJmjvSssKx ˛ 12, 4, 8 `mhßfn¬,

JcJssKx ˛ ]m]{ Klßfp- mhpI,

AkXv a≤ytK kntX ˛ ip{IÿnXn ]m]cpsS CSbv°mhpI,

ipt`Xc Cu£nX bptX ˛ ip{I\p ]m]ZrjvSntbm ]m]tbmKtam

D- mhpI, F¶n¬

Pmbmh[x ˛ `mcy acn°pw.

 181

1. ]pcpjPmXIØn¬ e·mepw N{μmepw, A©v ˛ Ggv `mhßfn¬ ip`{Kl

ÿnXn, `mhm[n]ÿnXn, ip`{KlZrjvSn, `mhm[n]ZrjvSn F∂nh `mh]pjvSn°p

ImcWamIp∂p. Cu _eßfp≈ Ggmw`mhw `mcymKpWhpw A©mw`mhw ]p{X

KpWhpw \¬Ip∂p. CXn\p hn]coXambn Cu `mhßfn¬ --]m]ÿnXnbpw ]m]

ZrjvSnbpw D- mbm¬ ^ew {]XnIqehpambncn°pw.

2. If{X`mhw ip{Imepw Nn¥n°Ww. ]pcpjPmXIØn¬ ip{Im¬ 4˛8˛12

`mhßfn¬ ]m]{Klßfp- mhpI, ip{IÿnXn ]m]a≤yØnemhpI, ip{I\p

]m]ZrjvSntbm ]m]tbmKtam D- mhpI. F∂nh Aip`IcamWv. ip{I\p hcp∂

_e°pdhpIƒ°\pkcn®p `¿Ømhv Ccnt° `mcybpsS acWwhsc kw`hn°mw.

(2)

Zmtcti kpXtK {]WjvSh\ntXm f -˛ ]pt{Xm f Yhm [oiztcm

Zyqt\ hm \n[t\iztcm f ]n IpcptX

]Xv\ohn\miw {[phw

£otWμu kpXtK hybmkvXX\pssKx

]mss]cZmcmflPx

kv{XokwKm≤\\mi\w aZKtbmx

kz¿`m\p `mt\zm¿htZXv.

1. Zmtcti ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]≥,

kpXtK ˛ A©mw`mhØn¬ --\n∂m¬,

{]\jvS h\nXx ˛ `mcy \jvSamIpw.

A]p{X AYhm ˛ As√¶n¬ ]p{X∑m¿ C√mØht\m BIpw.

2. [oiztcm Zyqt\ hm \n[t\iztcm ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xntbm

F´mw`mhm[n]Xntbm Ggn¬ \n∂m¬,

IpcptX ]Xv\ohn\miw {[phw ˛ Xo¿®bmbpw ]Xv\nbpsS \miw sNøpw.

3. £otWμu kpXtK ˛ A©n¬ £oWN{μ\pw,

hyb AkvX X\pssKx ]mss]x, ˛ ]{¥- v, Ggv, e·w Chbn¬ --]m]∑mcpw

\n∂m¬,

AZmcmflPx ˛ `mcybpw a°fpw C√mØh\mbn `hn°pw.

4. aZKtbmx kz¿`m\p `mt\zmx ˛ kqcy\pw cmlphpw (c- pw) Ggn¬ -- \n∂m¬,

kv{XokwKmXv [\\mi\w htZXv ˛ kv{XokwKwsIm- p [\\miw ]dbWw.

1. ]pcpjPmXIØn¬ Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn A©mw`mhØn¬ --\n¬°p∂Xpw

2. A©mw`mhm[n]Xntbm F´mw`mhm[n]Xntbm Ggn¬ \n¬°p∂Xpw

3. A©n¬ £oWN{μ\pw 1˛7˛12 `mhßfn¬ -- ]m]∑mcpw --\n¬°p∂Xpw

tZmjamWv.

4. Ggn¬ kqcy\pw cmlphpw tN¿∂p -\n∂m¬ kv{XokwKwsIm- p [\\miw

D- mIpw.

 182

(3)

ipt{I hr›nItK atZ arXh[qx Imta hrjtÿ _pt[

kv{Xo\mikvXzY \oNtK kpcKpcu Zyq\m[ncqtV XYm

Pmant{X QjtK i\u kXn XYm `uta f Yhm kv{XoarXn˛

›{μt£{XKtbm¿atZ f ¿InIpPtbmx ]Xv\o kXo tim`\m.

1. hr›nItK atZ ˛ Ggmw`mhw hr›nIamhpIbpw, AXn¬

ipt{I ˛ ip{I≥ \n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬,

arXh[qx ˛ `mcy acn°pw.--

2. Imta hrjtÿ ˛ Ggmw`mhw CShamIpIbpw, AXn¬

_pt[ ˛ --_p[≥ \n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬,

kv{Xo\mix ˛ `mcym \miw.

3. \oNtK kpcKpcu ˛ \oN\mb Kpcp,

Zyq\m[ncqtV ˛ Ggn¬ --\n∂mepw,

XYm ˛ A{]ImcwXs∂.

4. Pmant{X QjtK ˛ Ggmw`mhw ao\amhpIbpw

i\u kXn XYm `uta AYhm ˛ i\ntbm IpPt\m AXn¬ \n¬°pIbpw

sNbvXm¬

kv{XoarXn ˛ `mcym\miap- mIpw.

Ggmw`mhw Nne {]tXyIcminIfn¬ -- hcnIbpw Nne {]XyI {Kl߃ AXn¬ --

\n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬ -- `mcybpsS acWap- mImw.

`mhw cmin {Klw

7 hr›nIw ip{I≥

7 CShw _p[≥

7 aIcw Kpcp

7 ao\w i\n / IpP≥

5. N{μt£{XKtbmx atZx ˛ Ggmw`mhw I¿°SamhpIbpw AXn¬

A¿°nIpPtbmx ˛ i\nbpw IpP\pw Hcpan®p \n¬°pIbpw

sNbvXm¬,

]Xv\o kXo tim`\m ˛ --`mcy k’z`mhnbpw kpμcnbpambncn°pw.

Ggmw`mhw I¿°SamhpIbpw AXn¬ i\nbpw IpP\pw tN¿∂p \n¬°pIbpw

sNbvXm¬ --`mcy k’z`mhnbpw kpμcnbpambncn°pw.

(4)

AkvtX hmkvX]XmhkZv{KlbptX ZrjvtS f ]yk∑≤ytK

\oNmcmXnKrtl f ¿IIm¥y`nltX {_qbmXv If{XNypXnw

Imta hm kpX`mKytbm¿hnIeZmtcm f ku k]mt] `rKu

ipt{I hm IpPaμh¿KklntX ZrjvtS ]ckv{XocXx.

1. AkvtX hm AkvX]mXv ˛ Ggmw `mhØnt\m Ggmw `mhm[n]t\m,

AkXv {KlbptX, ZrjvtS A]n, ˛ ]m]tbmKtam ]m]ZrjvSntbm

AkXv a≤ytK -˛ ]m]a≤yÿnXntbm,

 183

\oNmcmXnKrtl ˛ \oNt£{XÿnXntbm, i{Xp£{XÿnXntbm,

A¿°Im¥n A`nltX ˛ auVytam D- mbm¬,

{_qbmXv If{XNypXnw ˛ If{X\misØ ]dbWw.

2. `rKu k]mt] ˛ ip{I≥ ]m]{KltbmKtØmsS,

Imta kpX `mKytbmx ˛ Ggntem A©ntem HºXntem \n∂m¬,

hnIeZmtcm ˛ `mcy sshIeyap≈hfmbncn°pw.

3. ipt{I ˛ ip{I≥

IpPaμh¿KklntX ˛ i\nbptStbm IpPt‚tbm h¿§Øn¬

\n¬°pItbm,

ZrjvtS ˛ Ahcm¬ t\m°s∏SpItbm sNbvXm¬,

]ckv{XocXx ˛ ]ckv{XocX\mbn `hn°pw.

1. Ggmw `mhØnt\m Ggmw`mhm[n]t\m ]m]tbmKtam, ]m]ZrjvSntbm,

]m]a≤yÿnXntbm, \oNt£{XÿnXntbm, i{Xp£{XÿnXntbm, auVytam D- m

bm¬ If{X\misØ ]dbWw.

2. ip{I≥ ]m]{KltbmKtØmsS Ggntem A©ntem HºXntem \n∂m¬

`mcybv°v AwKsshIeytam, kz`mhsshIeytam, amdmtcmKtam Fs¥¶nepw Hcp

XIcmdv D- mbncn°pw.

3. ip{I≥ i\nbptStbm IpPt‚tbm h¿§Øn¬ \n¬°pItbm Ahcm¬

t\m°s∏SpItbm sNbvXm¬ Abmƒ A\ykv{XoIfpambn _‘ap≈h\mbncn°pw.

(5)

`uam¿IykvtX `rKpPiint\m¿Zmclot\m f kptXm hm

¢ot_m f kvtX hm `hXn `hKu Zzu {Klu kv{XoZzbw kymXv

Zzμz¿£mwti aZ]XnknXu Xky PmbmZzbw kym˛

Øm`ymw bpss‡¿KK\\nessbx* ZmckwJymw hZ¥p.

1. `rKpP iint\m AkvtX ˛ ip{IN{μ∑mcpsS Ggmw`mhØn¬,

`ua A¿°n ˛ IpPt\m i\ntbm \n∂m¬,

Zmclot\m AkptXm hm ˛ `mcytbm a°tfm C√mØh\mIpw.

¢ot_m AkvtX ˛ (ChcpsS) Ggn¬ ¢o_{Klw (_p, a) \n∂m¬,

AkptXm ˛ a°fpw D- mIn√.

2. `hXn `hKu tZz {Klu ˛ ]Xns\m∂mw`mhØn¬c- p{Klw \n∂m¬,

kv{XoZzbx kymXv ˛ c- p `mcyam¿ D- mIpw.

3. aZ]Xn knXu ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw ip{I\pw,

Zzμz¿£mwti ˛ bp‹cminbn¬ \n¬°pItbm

Awin°pItbm sNbvXm¬,

Xky PmbmZzbw kymXv ˛ Abmƒ°p c- p `mcyam¿ D- mIpw.

4. Xz`ymw bpss‡x* ˛ AhtbmSp (Ggmw`mhm[n]≥, ip{I≥) IqSnb,

 184

ZmckwJymw hZ¥p ({Klßsfs°m- )v `mcyamcpsS FÆw

]dbWw.

1. ip{IN{μ∑mcpsS Ggn¬ IpPt\m i\ntbm \n∂m¬ `mcy(`mcymKpWw)

D- mIn√.

2. ip{IN{μ∑mcpsS Ggmw`mhØn¬ ¢o_{Klw \n∂m¬ a°fpw

D- mIn√.

3. ]Xns\m∂mw`mhØn¬ c- p {Klw \n∂m¬ c- p `mcyam¿ D- mIpw.

4. Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw ip{I\pw bp‹cminbn¬ \n¬°pItbm Awin°pItbm

sNbvXmepw c- p `mcyam¿ D- mIpw.

5. Ggmw`mhm[n]≥, ip{I≥ ChtcmSpIqSnb Klßsfs°m- v `mcyamcpsS

FÆsØ ]dbWw.

* Xm`ymw bpss‡x KK\\nessbx F∂Xnse KK\\nebsØ°pdn®p hymJym

\ßfn¬ H∂pw ImWp∂n√. tPymXnjØn¬ -- KK\\nebw ]ØmanSamWv.

(6)

kv{XokwJymw aZssK¿{Kssl¿arXnakXv

tJssS› k¤nx ÿnXnw

Zyqt\ti k_te ipt` kXn h[qx

km[zo kp]p{Xm\znXm

]mt]m f ]n kz{Krlw KXx ip`Icx

]Xv\ym› ImaÿnXm

lnXzm jUvhybc{‘]m∑Z\Kmx

kuaymkvXp kuJymhlmx

1. kv{XokwJymw aZssKx {Ksslx ˛ Ggmw`mhØn¬ -- D≈ {Klßsfs°m- p

`mcyamcpsS FÆhpw,

arXnw AkXv tJssSx N ˛ AXn¬ ]m]{Klßsfs°m- v

Bbp pIpd™ `mcyamcpsS FÆhpw,

kXv`n x ˛ ip`{Klßsfs°m- v Bbp p≈

`mcyamcpsS FÆhpw Nn¥n°Ww.

2. Zyqt\ti k_te ipt` ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]≥ _ehm\mb

ip`\msW¶n¬,

h[q km[zo kp]p{Xm\znXm ˛ `mcy ]Xn{hXbmIpw. \√ ]p{X∑mcpw

D- mIpw.

3 ]m]x A]n ˛ ]m]\msW¶nepw

ImaÿnXx ˛ Ggn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw

kz{Krlw KXx ]Xv\ym› ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]XnbmsW¶n¬

ip`Icx ˛ ip`sØ sNøpw.

4 lnXzm jU vhyb c{‘]m ˛ 6, 12, 8 `mh߃ Hgn®p≈ `mhßfpsS

A[n]XnIfpw,

kuaymx Xp ˛ ip`∑mcpamb {KlßfmW,v

 185

aZ\Km ˛ Ggmw`mhØn¬ \n¬°p∂sX¶n¬, --

kuJymhlmx ˛ kuJy{]ZamWv.

1. Ggmw`mhØn¬ -- D≈ {Klßsfs°m- p `mcyamcpsS FÆw ]dbWw.

AXn¬ ]m]{Klßsfs°m- v acn®pt]mIp∂ `mcyamcpsS FÆhpw ip`Klßsf

s°m- v Bbp p≈ `mcyamcpsS FÆhpw Nn¥n°Ww.

2. Ggmw`mhm[n]≥ _eap≈ ip`\msW¶n¬ `mcy ]Xn{hXbmbpw \√

]p{X∑mtcmSpIqSnbhfmbpw `hn°pw.

3. Ggn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw ]m]\msW¶nepw Ggmw `mhm[n]XnbmsW¶n¬

ip`sØ sNøpw.

4. 6˛8˛12 `mhm[n]c√mØ ip`∑m¿ Ggmw`mhØn¬ \n∂m¬ \√ ^ew

D- mIpw.

(7)

`mcym\mikvXzip`klnXu ho£nXu hm¿∞Imau

X{X {]mlpkvXzip`^eZm {IqcZrjvSnw hntijmXv --

Ghw ]Xv\ym A]n kXn atZ NmjvSta hmkvXn tZmjx

kussay¿ZrjvtS kXn ip`bptX ZºXo `mKyh¥u.

1. A¿∞Imau ˛ 2, 7 `mhßfn¬

Aip`klnXu ho£nXmx ˛ ]m]ÿnXntbm ]m]ZrjvSntbm hcpIn¬

`mcym\mi ˛ `mcym\miap- mIpw.

Aip`^eZm {IqcZrjvSnw hntijm¬ --˛ {IqcZrjvSn hntijn®pw tZmjIcamWv.

2. Ghw ]Xv\ym A]n kXn atZ NmjvSta hmkvXn tZmjx

˛ kv{XoPmXIØn¬ -- 7, 8 `mhßfn¬ --Cßs\ h∂mepw˛˛]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pItbm

t\m°pItbm sNbvXmepw ˛˛ tZmjamWv.

3. kussayx ZrjvtS kXn ip`bptX ZºXo `mKyh¥u ˛

˛ (Cu`mhßfn¬) kuay∑m¿ t\m°pItbm \n¬°ptbm sNbvXm¬ -- ZºXnam¿

`mKyimenIfmIpw.

1. HcmfpsS PmXIØn¬ c- nepw Ggnepw ]m]{Kl߃ \n¬°p∂Xpw

c- ntebv°pw Ggntebv°pw ]m]{Kl߃ t\m°p∂Xpw tZmjIcamWv.

]m]ZrjvSn hntijn®pw tZmjamWv.

2. `mcybpsS PmXIØn¬ -- 7, 8 `mhßfn¬ --]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pItbm

t\m°pItbm sNøp∂Xpw tZmjIcamWv. --

3. `¿Ømhns‚ PmXIØn¬ 2, 7 `mhßfnepw `mcybpsS PmXIØn¬ 7, 8

`mhßfnepw kuay∑m¿ \n¬°pItbm t\m°pItbm sNbvXm¬ -- ZºXnam¿

`mKyap≈hcmbn `hn°pw.

(8)

Nt{μ katμ aZtK ]p\¿`q-˛

]Xn¿`thZzm]ykptXm hnZmcx

\oNmcn`ssÿcipss`¿atZ kv{Xo˛

]pwtkm¿arXnx kym∂n[t\ [t\ hm.

 186

1. Nt{μ katμ aZtK ˛ N{μ≥ i\ntbmSpIqSn Ggn¬ \n∂m¬,

]p\¿`qx ]Xnx `thXv ˛ ]p\¿hnhmlnXbpsS `¿ØmhmIpw.

A]n AkptXm hnZmcx ˛ As√¶n¬ a°fpw `mcybpwC√mØh\pamImw.

2 Aipss` \oNmcn`ssÿ ˛ ]m]{Kl߃, \oNØntem i{Xpt£{XØntem

\n¬°pIbpw B cmin

atZ \n[t\ [t\ hm ˛ 7, 8, 2 `mhßfn¬ H∂mhpIbpw sNbvXm¬

-- kv{Xo]pwtkm¿arXnx ˛ `mcybpw / `¿Ømhpw acn°pw.

1. N{μ≥ i\ntbmSpIqSn Ggn¬ \n∂m¬ `mcybptSXv p\¿hnhmlambncn°pw.

a°ƒ D- mIn√. Nnet∏mƒ `mcybpw a°fpan√mØh\pamImw.

2. ]m]{Kl߃ 2, 7, 8 `mhßfn¬ \n¬°pIbpw B `mhw B {KlØns‚

\oNcmintbm i{Xpcmintbm BhpIbpw sNbvXm¬ AXp kv{Xo°pw ]pcpj\pw

tZmjIcamWv. -(Cu Ahÿ `¿Ømhns‚ PmXIØnemsW¶n¬ `mcybv°p .

`mcybpsS PmXIØnemsW¶n¬ `¿Ømhn\p tZmjw.)

(9)

e·mXv --If{X`ht\ kacminkwt⁄

`mhm[nt] f ]n N XssYh KtX f kptctVy

kqcym`nX]vXclntX kpXZmc\mtY

hocym\zntX Xp P\\w kkpXw If{Xw.

e·m¬ --If{X`ht\ kacminkwt⁄ ˛ e·m¬ Ggmwcmin kacminbmhpI;

`mhm[nt]]n .... kptctVy ˛ ip{I\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw

kacminbn¬ --\n¬--°pI

kqcym`nX]vXclntX kpXZmc\mtY ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw

auVyan√mXncn°pI,

hocm\zntX ˛ _ehcmIpI; F¶n¬

kkpXw If{Xw ˛ a°fpw `mcybpw D≈h\mIpw.

HcmfpsS PmXIØn¬˛˛ --

1. e·m¬ Ggmwcmin kacminbmhpI;

2. ip{I\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw kacminbn¬ -- \n¬--°pI;

3. A©mw`mhm[n]\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw auVyan√mXncn°pI;

4. A©mw`mhm[n]\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw _eap- mhpI;

˛˛ F¶n¬ -- Abmƒ°p -- `mcymkpJhpw ]p{XKpWhpw e`n°pw. (kkpXw If{Xw

F∂Xns\ ]p{X`mKytØmSpIqSnb `mcy F∂pw hymJym\n®p ImWp∂p).

(10)

IpSpw_Zmchybcmin\mYmx

Poth£nXmx tImWNXpjvSbÿmx

ZmtcizcmZznØIf{Xemt`

kuaymx If{Xw kkpXw kpJmVyw.

 187

IpSpw_ Zmc hyb cmin\mYm ˛ 2, 7, 12 `mhm[n]¿

Poth£nXmx ˛ hymgZrjvSntbmsS

tImWNXpjvSbÿmx ˛ {XntImWØntem tI{μØntem \n∂mepw,

ZmtcizcmXv hnØIf{Xemt` kuaymx ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]\n¬\n∂pw,2, 7, 11 `mhßfn¬

ip`∑m¿ \n∂mepw

If{Xw kkpXw kpJmVyw ˛ \√ If{Xhpw ]p{X∑mcpw D- mIpw.

1. 2, 7, 12 `mhm[n]¿°p hymgZrjvSn;

2. 2, 7, 12 `mhm[n]¿ {XntImWØntem tI{μØntem ÿnXn;

3. Ggmw`mhm[n]\n¬\n∂pw 2, 7, 11 `mhßfn¬ kuay∑m¿ \n¬°pI

˛˛ Ch HØp h∂m¬ `mcymkpJhpw ]p{XKpWhpw e`n°pw.

(11)

e·mkvX\mYÿnX`mwitImtW

\otNm®t` kv{XoP\\w N ]Xypw

N{μmjvSh¿tK f [nI_nμpcmiu

If{XPt∑Xn XYm [\ky

1 ]Xypx e·mXv ˛ ¿Ømhns‚ e·him¬,

AkvX\mYÿnX`mwi ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn \n¬°p∂ cminbptStbm

\hmwiØnt‚tbm,

tImtW \otN D®t` ˛ {XntImWcmintbmGgmw`mhm[n]s‚

\oNcmintbm Bbncn°pw,

kv{XoP\\w ˛ mcybpsS P∑cmin.

2. N{μmjvSh¿tK A[nI_nμpcmiu N{μmjvSh¿§Øn¬ A[nIw _nμp°ƒ

D≈ cminbpw,

XYm [\ky ˛ A{]Imcw (e·m¬) c- mw`mhcminbpw,

If{XPt∑Xn - ˛ `mcybpsS P∑cminbmIpw.

`¿Ømhns‚ PmXIØn¬ ˛˛

1. Ggmw `mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbpsStbm \hmwiØns‚tbm

{XntImWcmin

2. Ggmw`mhm[n]s‚ D®cmin / \oNcmin

4. N{μmjvSh¿§Øn¬ A[nIw _nμp°ƒ D≈ cmin

5. e·m¬ c- mw `mhw

˛˛ CXn¬ H∂mbncn°pw `mcybpsS P∑cmin.

(12)

ImaÿImam[n]`m¿Khm\m˛

ar£w Zniw iwkXn Xky ]Xv\ymx

ipt{Im f kvXt]m hm X\p\mY`mwi

{XntImWambmXn XZm hnhmlx

 188

1 Imaÿ Imam[n] `m¿§hm\mw E£w˛ Ggmw`mhØnencn°p∂ {Klw,

Ggmw`mhm[n]≥, ip{I≥ (ChcpsS) cmin,

Xky ]Xv\ymx Zniw iwkXn ˛ `mcybpsS Zn°p kqNn∏n°p∂p.

2 ipt{Im AkvXt]m ˛ ip{It\m, Ggmw `mhm[n]t\m,

X\p\mY` Awi ˛ e·m[n]s‚ AwiIØns‚

{XntImWw ˛ {XntImWØn¬

--BbmXn ˛ (Nmchim¬) --hcptºmgmbncn°pw

XZm hnhmlx ˛ hnhmlw.

1. ]pcpjPmXIØn¬ --Ggn¬ --\n¬°p∂ {Klw, Ggmw`mhm[n]≥, ip{I≥ Chcn¬

IqSpX¬ _eap≈ {KlØn\v B[n]Xyap≈ cmin kqNn∏n°p∂Xmbncn°pw

`mcybpsS Zn°v.

2. Nmchim¬ ip{It\m Ggmw`mhm[n]t\m, e·m[n]≥ \n¬°p∂

cminbpsS \hmwiØns‚ {XntImWcminbneqsS IS∂pt]mIptºmƒ hnhmlw

\S°pw.

(13)

If{Xkwÿky If{XZrjvtS¿˛

ZimKta hmY If{X]ky

bZm hne·m[n]Xnx {]bmXn

If{X`w X{X If{Xem`x.

If{Xkwÿky ˛ Ggmw`mhØn¬\nev°p∂{KlØn s‚tbm,

If{XZrjvtSx ˛ Ggntebv°p t\m°p∂ {KlØns‚tbm,

If{X]ky ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]s‚tbm,

imKta ˛ Zibn¬ --

bZm hne·m[n]Xnx {]bmXn If{X`w ˛ e·m[n]Xn Ft∏mƒ --If{Xÿm\Øp

hcp∂pthm.

X{X If{Xem`x ˛ At∏mƒ `mcymem`w D- mIpw.

Ggmw`mhØn¬\n¬°p∂ {Klw/Ggntebv°pt\m°p∂{Klw/ Ggmw`mhm[n]≥

ChcpsS ZiIfn¬ e·m[n]Xn (tKmNchim¬) --Ggn¬ hcptºmƒ. hnhmlw \S°pw.

(14)

If{X\mYÿnX`mwitIitbmx

knX£]m\mbItbm¿_eobkx

ZimKta Zyq\]bp‡`mwiI˛

{XntImWtK tZhKpcu Ic{Klx.

If{X\mY .... ZimKta

˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS \mY≥, AwiI\mY≥, ip{I≥, N{μ≥

Chcn¬ _ew IqSpXep≈ {KlØns‚ Zibn¬,

 189

Zyq\]bp‡ ....tZhKpcu

˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn \n¬°p∂ cminbpsStbm AwiIØns‚tbm {XntImWØn¬,

hymgw hcp∂ kabØ,v

Ic{Klx. ˛ ]mWn{KlWw ˛ hnhmlw \S°pw.

Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS \mY≥ /Ggmw`mhm[n]XnbpsS \hmwi

\mY≥ / ip{I≥ / N{μ≥ Chcn¬ _ewIqSpXep≈ {KlØns‚ Zibn¬, Ggmw`mhm

[n]Xn\n¬°p∂ cminbpsS{XntImWØn¬hymgw(Nchim¬)hcptºmƒ hnhmlw

\S°pw.

(15)

If{X\mtY cn]p\oNkwtÿ

aqtV f Yhm ]m]\nco£ntX hm

If{Xt` ]m]bptXfY ZrjvtS

If{Xlm\nw {]hZ¥n k¥x.

If{X\mtY ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn,

cn]p\oNkwtÿ ˛ i{Xpcminbntem \oNcminbntem

\n¬°pItbm,

aqtV AYhm ˛ auVysØ {]m]n°pItbm,

]m]\nco£ntX hm ˛ ]m]{Klßfm¬ -- t\m°s∏SpItbm

sNbvXmepw,

If{Xt` ]m]bptXY ZrjvtS ˛ If{X`mhØn¬ --]m]nIƒ \n¬°pItbm

t\m°pItbm sNbvXmepw,

If{Xlm\nw {]hZ¥n k¥x. ˛ mcym\miw ]dbp∂p.

1. Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn i{Xpcminbntem Xs‚ \oNcminbntem \n¬°pI;

2. Ggmw `mhm[n]\p auVyw;

3. Ggmw `mhm[n]\p ]m]ZrjvSn;

4. Ggn¬ --]m]nIƒ \n¬°pItbm, Ggntebv°p t\m°pItbm sNøpI

˛˛CsX√mw If{Xlm\n (`mcymacWw) kqNn∏n°p∂p.

190 

A≤ymbw 11

kv{XoPmXIw (1)

bZyXv ]pw{]kth £aw XZJnew

kvXoWmw {]ntb hm htZ˛

∑mwKeyw \n[\mXv kpXmw› \ham˛

√·mØt\m›mcpXmw

`¿Ømcw kp`KXzakvX`h\mXv

kwKw kXoXzw kpJmXv

k¥kvtXjp ip`{]ZmkvXzip`Zmx

{IqcmkvXZoiw hn\m.

1. bZyXv ]pw{]kth £aw XZJnew ˛ ]pcpjP∑Øn\p ]d™ \nbaßfpw

tbmKßfpw ^eßfpsa√mw

kvXoWmw {]ntb hm htZXv ˛ kv{XoP∑Øn\pw ]dbWw.

kv{Xo°p _m[Ia√mØ Imcy߃ kv{XoPmXIØneps- ¶n¬ AXp `¿Ømhn

s\s°m- p ]dbWw. Ahbv°p ]pdta, hntijn®v ˛˛

2. amwKeyw \n[\mXv ˛ kv{XoPmXIØn¬ F´mw`mhwsIm- v

amwKeyhpw (`¿Ømhns‚ Bbp pw)

3. kpXmw› \hamXv ˛ HºXmw`mhwsIm- v ]p{XKpWhpw

4. e·mØt\m›mcpXmw ˛ e·wsIm- v cq]kuIpamcyhpw (kuμcyhpw)

5. `¿Ømcw kp`KXzakvX`h\mXv ˛ Ggmw`mhwsIm- v ZmºXyKpWm\p`hw,

kp`KXzw Chbpw

6. kwKw kXoXzw kpJmXv ˛ \memw`mhwsIm- v ]mXn{hXyhpw

(Nn¥n°Ww).

7. k¥x tXjp ip`{]Zmx Xp ip`Zmx˛ Cu `mhßfn¬ ip`∑m¿ \n∂m¬ ip`^ehpw

{Iqcmx XXv Cuiw hn\m ˛ `mhm[n]\√mØ ]m]∑m¿ \n∂m¬

Aip`^ehpw D- mIpw. (`mhm[n]≥

]m]\msW¶nepw Xs‚ `mhØn\p tZmjw

sNøn√.)

 191

(2)

DZblnaIcu Zzu bp‹Ku kuayZrjvSu

kpX\b]Xn`qjmkºZqXvIrjvSioem

Aip`klnXZrjvSu tNmPKu ]pwkz`mhm

IpSneaXnchiym `¿Xrcq{Km Zcn{Zm.

1. DZblnaIcu Zzu bp‹Ku kuayZrjvSu

˛ e·hpw N{μ\pw c- pw bp‹cminIfn¬ --ip`ZrjvSntbmsS \n∂m¬--˛

kpX\b ]Xn `qjm kºXv DXvIrjvSioem

˛ \√ a°ƒ, `¿Ømhv, B`cW߃, [\w, \√ kz`mhw Ch D≈hfmIpw

2. Aip`klnXZrjvSu N HmPKu

˛ Aip`ÿnXn, Aip`ZrjvSn F∂nhItfmsS e·hpw N{μ\pw HmPcminbn¬

\n∂m¬

]pwkz`mhm IpSneaXn Ahiym`¿Ør D{Km Zcn{Zm

˛ ]pcpjkz`mhw, h{I_p≤n, `¿Ømhns‚ hcpXn°p \n¬°mØhƒ,

D{Kkz`mhn, Zcn{Z Ch ^ew.

(3)

k{ZmiywibptX atZ ZypXnbtim˛

hnZym¿∞hm≥ XXv]Xn¿˛

hyXykvtX IpX\p¿PU› (1) InXthm

\ntkzm hntbmKkvXtbmx

Bt·ssb¿aZ\ÿnssX› hn[hm

anss{ix ]p\¿`q¿`thXv

{Iqtcjzmbpjn `¿Ørl{¥y]n [t\

k¥x kzbw kv{XoarXnx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw : Pf›

1. kXvcmin Awi bptX atZ

-˛ (kv{XoPmXIØn¬) Ggmw`mhw ip`cminbmbpw ip`mwiIambpw

ip`{KlØmSpIqSnbpw Ccp∂m¬,

ZypXn bix hnZy A¿∞hm≥ XXv]Xnx

˛ AhfpsS `¿Ømhv Im¥n, bi v, hnZy, [\w F∂nhbp≈h\mbncn°pw

2. hyXykvtX

˛ (CXn¬\n∂pw) hyXykvXambn (Ggn¬ Cu aq∂pw Aip`ambn) Ccp∂m¬

IpX\p PUxN InXthm \ntkzm

˛ (`¿Ømhv) hncq]\pw aqV \pw NXnb\pw Zcn{Z\pw Bbncn°pw

. hntbmKkvXtbmx

˛ Ah¿ XΩn¬ hntbmKØn\pw km≤yXbp- v.

3. Bt·ssb¿aZ\ÿnssX› hn[hm

˛ Ggn¬ ]m]∑m¿ \n∂m¬ -- ssh[hyw. Bt·b{Kl߃: kqcy≥, IpP≥,

tIXp. ]m]∑m¿ F∂pw Hcp ]£w. (tPym.\n)

anss{ix ]p\¿`p¿`thXv

˛ an{iambncp∂m¬ (ip`cpw ]m]cpwIqSn \n∂m¬) ]p\¿hnhmlw.

 192

4. {IqtcjpBbpjn`¿Ørl{¥y]n

˛ F´n¬ ]m]≥ \n∂m¬ `¿Ømhp acn°pw.

5. [t\ k¥x kzbw kv{XoarXnx.

˛ c- n¬ ip`≥ \n∂m¬ `mcy BZyw acn°pw.

(4)

kpXtÿ f fnkv{XotKmlcnjp lnaKu Nm¬∏X\bm

bamcm(]vXy)wi¿t£ aZ\kZt\ km f ab`Km

kptJ ]mss]¿bpt‡ `hXn IpeSm aμIpPtbm¿˛

Krtl f wti et·μp `rKpc]n N ]pw›ey`nlnXm.

1.. kpXtÿ Afn kv{Xo tKm lcnjp lnaK N A¬∏X\bm

˛ A©mw`mhw hr›nIw, I∂n, CShw, Nnßw CXnsem∂mbn AXn¬ N{μ≥

\n∂m¬ a°ƒ Ipdhmbncn°pw.

2. ba Bc B]vXn Awi¿t£ aZ\kZt\ Bab `Km -

˛ i\n, IP≥ Ch¿ Ggn¬ \n¬°pItbm Awin°pItbm sNbvXm¬ kvXo

KplytcmKap≈hfmIpw

3. kptJ ]mss]x bpt‡ `hXn IpeSm

˛ \men¬ ]m]{Kl߃ \n∂m¬ IpeS/]mXn{hXyw C√mØhƒ

4.. et·μp `rKpx A]n N ]pw›en A`nlnXm

˛ e·hpw N{μ\pw ip{I\pw \n¬°p∂ cmintbm \hmwitam i\nbptStbm

sNmΔbptStbm cmin Bbm¬ hy`nNmcnWn BIpw

(5)

ip`t£{Xmwti f kvtX(tY) kp`KPL\m awKfhXo

hnt[mx k’w_t‘mf]ypZbkpJtbmx km[zo AXnKpWm

{XntImtW kuaymt›Xv kpJkpXkºXv KpWhXo

_tem\mx {Iqcmt›ZyZn `hXn h‘ym arXkpXm.

1. ip`t£{Xmwti tX kp`KPL\m awKfhXo

˛ (kv{XoPmXIØnse Ggmw`mhw) ip`{KlØns‚ cmintbm \hmwitam

BsW¶n¬ kpμcamb Acs°t´mSp IqSnbhfpw awKeyhXnbpw BIpw.

2. hnt[mx ˛ N{μ\v

A]n DZb kpJtbmx ˛ As√¶n¬ e·Ønt\m \memw`mhØnt\m

k’w_‘ ˛ ip`{Kl_‘w (Ds- ¶n¬)

km≤zn AXnKpWm - ˛ km≤znbpw KpWhXnbpw Bbncn°pw.

3. {XntImtW kuaymt›Xv ˛ {XntImW`mhßfn¬ ip`{Klßfp- m

bm¬

kkpJ kpX kºXv KpWhXo ˛ kpJhpw k¥m\hpw kºØpw \√

KpWßfpw D- mIpw.

_tem\mx {Iqcm tNXv bZn ˛ {XntImWßfn¬ Zp¿∫ecmb ]m]∑m¿

\n∂m¬

 193

`hXn h‘ym arXkpXm. ˛ {]khn°mØhtfm a°ƒ acn°p∂htfm

BIpw.

(6)

Nt{μ `uaKrtl IpPmZnIYnX˛

XnwimwitIjp {IamZv

ZpjvSm ZmkykXo kpioe hn`hm

ambmhn\o ZqjWo

ip{I¿t£ _lpZqjWm\y]XnKm

]qPym kp[o¿ hn{ipXm

⁄¿t£ OmQhXo \]pwkIkam

km≤zo KpWmtVym’pIm.

(7)

kz—μm `¿XrLmXn\rXnalnXKpWm

inev]n\o km[phrØm

Nt{μm ssPth KpWmVym hncXncXnKpW˛

⁄m in¬∏mXnkm≤zo

atμ Zmky\yk‡m {inX]XnckXo

\njv{]Pm¿∞m¿°t` kymZv˛

Zp¿`mjm lo\hrØ [cWn]Xnh[qx

]pwhntNjvSm\yk‡m.

(8)

iine·kambpss‡x ^ew {XnwimwissIcnZw

_em_ehnI¬t∏\ Xtbmtchw hnNn¥tbXv.

N{μ≥ kv{XoPmXIØn¬ --A©p Xmcm{KlßfptSbpw cminIfpsS {Xnwimwiß

fn¬ --\n∂mep≈ ^eßfmWv C\n ]dbp∂Xv. ({Xnwimwi\mY{Iaw : IpP≥, aμ≥,

Kpcp, _p[≥, ip{I≥)

1. Nt{μ `uaKrtl

˛ N{μ≥ IpPs‚ cminIfn¬ (taSw, hr›nIw)

IpPmZn IYnX {XnwimwitIjp {IamZv

˛ IpP≥ XpSßnbhcpsS {XnwimwiIßfn¬ \n∂m¬ (^ew) {IaØn¬ : --˛˛

ZpjvSm Zmkn AkXo kpioe hn`hm ambmhn\o ZqjWo---

{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ - ˛ ZpjvSm ˛ ZpjvS,

i\n ˛ Zmkn AkXo ˛ Zmkn, ]Xn{hXb√mØhƒ

Kpcp ˛ kpioe hn`hm ˛ kpioe, [\nI

_p[≥ ˛ ambmhn\o ˛ ambmhn\o (ab°p∂hƒ)

ip{I≥ ˛ ZqjWo--- ˛ ZqjWn (Zpxkz`mhn)

2. ipt{I _lpZqjWm\y]XnKm ]qPym kp[o¿ hn{ipXm

˛ N{μ≥ ip{Is‚ cminIfn¬ (CShw, Xpemw) Xmcm{KlßfpsS {Xnwimwiß

fn¬, -- \n∂mep≈ ^ew

 194

{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew

IpP≥ ˛ _lpZqjWm ˛ henb Zpkz`mhn

i\n ˛ A\y]XnKm ˛ ]c]pcpj_‘ap≈hƒ

Kpcp ˛ ]qPym ˛ BZcn°ss∏tS- hƒ

_p[≥ ˛ kp[o ˛ _p≤nimen

ip{I≥ ˛ hn{ipX ˛ {]kn≤

3. ⁄¿t£ OZvahXo \r]pwkIkam km≤zo KpWmtVym’pIm

˛ N{μ≥ _p[s‚ cminIfn¬ (anYp\w, I∂n) Xmcm{KlßfpsS

{Xnwimwißfn¬, -- \n∂mep≈ ^ew.

{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ ˛ OZvahXo ˛ I]Sthj°mcn

i\n ˛ \]pwkIkam ˛ BWpws]ÆpwsI´hƒ

Kpcp ˛ km[zo ˛ ]Xn{hX

_p[≥ ˛ KpWmVy ˛ KpWkº∂

ip{I≥ ˛ D’pIm ˛ D’mln

4. kz—μm `¿XrLmXn\rXnalnXKpWm inev]n\o km[phrØm

˛ kzt£{XØn¬ (I¿°SØn¬) \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ IpPmZnIfmb

{KlßfpsS {Xnwimwißfn¬ \n∂m¬˛˛

{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ ˛ kz—μm ˛ X∂njvS°mcn

i\n ˛ `¿XrLmXo ˛ `¿ØrLmXIn

Kpcp ˛ alnXKpWm ˛ KpWkº∂

_p[≥ ˛ in¬∏n\o ˛ sImØp]Wn sNøp∂hƒ

ip{I≥ ˛ km[phrØm ˛ kZvkz`mhn

5. Nt{μm ssPth KpWmVym hncXncXnKpWm ⁄mXin¬∏mXnkm≤zo

˛ hymgt£{XØn¬ ([\p, ao\w) \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ IpPmZnIfmb {KlßfpsS

{Xnwimwißfn¬ \n∂m¬˛˛

{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ ˛ KpWmVym ˛ KpWhXn

i\n ˛ hncXn ˛ (cXnbn¬ Xm¬∏cyan√mØhƒ)

Kpcp ˛ AXnKpWhXn ˛ kZvKpWkº ∂

_p[≥ ˛ ⁄mXin¬∏m ˛ (in¬∏the Adnbmhp∂hƒ)

ip{I≥ ˛ AXnkm≤zo * ˛ ]Xn{hX

* ]mTt`Zw:

Akm≤zo ˛ ]mXn{hXyan√mØhƒ ˛ sImSpß√q¿ ]Xn∏v.

(CXp icnb√. N{μ\pw hymghpw ip{I\pw ip`∑mcmWt√m.)

6. atμ Zmky\yk‡m {inX]XnckXo\njv{]Pm¿∞

˛ i\nt£{XØn¬ (aIcw,Ipw`w) \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥

IpPmZnIfmb {KlßfpsS {Xnwimwißfn¬ \n∂m¬˛˛

 195

{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ ˛ Zmkn

i\n ˛ A\ymk‡m ˛ ]c]pcpjmk‡nbp≈hƒ

Kpcp ˛ {inX]Xn ˛ `¿Ømhns\ B{ibn°p∂hƒ

_p[≥ ˛ AkXn ˛ ]Xn{hXb√mØhƒ

ip{I≥ ˛ \njv{]Pm¿∞ ˛ a°fpw [\hpw C√mØhƒ

7. Zp¿`mjm lo\hrØm [cWn]Xnh[qx ]pwhntNjvSm A\yk‡m

˛ kqcyt£{XØn¬ ( NnßØn¬) \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ IpPmZnIfmb

{KlßfpsS {Xnwimwißfn¬\n∂m¬˛

{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ ˛ Zp¿`mjm ˛ NoØ hm°pIƒ ]dbp∂hƒ

i\n ˛ lo\hrØ ˛ lo\{]h¿ØnIƒ sNøp∂hƒ

Kpcp ˛ [cWn]Xnh[qx ˛ cm⁄n

_p[≥ ˛ ]pwhntNjvSm ˛ ]pcpjs\t∏mse s]cpamdp∂hƒ

ip{I≥ ˛ A\yk‡m ˛ ]c]pcpjmk‡n bp≈hƒ

8. iine·kambpss‡x ^ew {XnwimwissIcnZw

˛ e·Øns‚ {XnwimwiI^ew N{μt‚Xpt]seØs∂bmWv.

e·w, N{μ≥ Chbn¬ --_ew IqSnbXns\s°m- p ^ew ]dbWw.

(9)

tPyjvT{`mXcaw_nIm© ]nXcw

`¿Xpx I\njvTw {IamXv

tPyjvTmlymkpciq¿∏Pm› h\nXm

Lv\¥oXn X⁄m hnZpx

Nn{Xm¿{Zm`pPKkzcmSvOX`njMv

aqem·nXntjym¤hm

h‘ym hm hn[hm f Yhm arXkpXm

Xy‡m {]ntbWmYhm.

1. tPyjvT{`mXmaw_nIm© .... XZv⁄m hnZpx

˛ Xrt°´, Bbneyw, aqew, hnimJw Cu \mep \mfpIfn¬ kv{Xo

P\n®m¬ `¿Xr_‘p°ƒ°p tZmjamWv / amcIamWv.

\£{Xw _m[n°s∏Sp∂ _‘p tPyjvTm ˛tI´. > tPyjvT{`mXcw ˛ `¿Ømhns‚ tPyjvT≥

Aln ˛ Bbneyw. > Aw_nI ˛ `¿Ømhns‚ amXmhv

Akpc ˛ aqew > ]nXcw ˛ `¿Ømhns‚ ]nXmhv

iq¿∏w ˛ hnimJw > `¿ØpI\njvTw ˛ `¿Ømhns‚ A\pP≥.

2. Nn{Xm¿{Zm`pPK .... Xy‡m {]ntbWmYhm.

Nn{X ˛ NnØnc,

B¿Zm ˛ XncphmXnc,

`pPK ˛ Bbneyw

 196

Xrt°´

iX`nj ˛ NXbw,

aqew, ˛ aqew

A·n ˛ Im¿ØnI,

Xnjyw ˛ ]qbw ˛˛ Cu \mfpIfn¬ P\n® kv{XoIƒ

h‘ym ˛ {]khn°mØhƒ,

hn[hm ˛ `¿Ømhp acn®hƒ

arXkpXm ˛ a°ƒ acn®hƒ,

Xy‡m {]ntbW ˛ `¿Ømhv Dt]£n®hƒ

(Ch¿°p `¿ØrkpJhpw ]p{XkpJhpw Ipdhmbncn°pw F∂p kmcw.)

(10)

N{μmkvtXmZb`mKy]mx kl ipss`x

kpÿm\Km `mkzcmx

]qPym _‘pjp ]pWyI¿aIpiem

kuμcy`mKym\znXm

`¿Xpx {]oXnIco kp]p{XklnXm

IeymWioem kXo

XmhZv`mXn kpawKeo N kpX\p¿-˛

bmh—p`mtVy f jvSta.

1. N{μmkvtXmZb`mKy] l ipss` ˛ N{μ≥, Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn, e·m[n]≥,

`mKym[n]≥ Ch¿ ip`kw_‘tØmsS

kpÿm\Km `mkzcmx ˛ ip`ÿm\ßfn¬ auVyan√msX \n∂m¬

]qPym _‘pjp ˛ _‘p°fm¬ ]qPn°s∏Sp∂hƒ,

]pWyI¿ΩIpiem ˛ ]pWyI¿Ωßfn¬ ka¿∞bmbhƒ

kuμcy`mKym\znXm ˛ kuμcyhpw `mKyhpw D≈hƒ

`¿Øp {]oXnIcm ˛ `¿Ømhn\p {]oXn D- m°p∂hfpw

kp]p{XklnXm ˛ \√ a°tfmSpIqSnbhfpw

IeymWioem kXo ˛ \√ kz`mhap≈hfpw ]Xn{hXbpw

Bbncn°pw.

2. XmhZv`mXn kpawKeo N kpX\p¿bmhmOvip`mtVyjvSta.

˛ F´mw`mhw CXpt]mse ip`Icambncp∂m¬ kpawKenbpw kpX\phpw

(kpμcnbpw) Bbncn°pw.

(11)

ioXtPymXnjn tbmjntXm f \p]Nb˛

ÿmt\ IptPt\£ntX

PmXwK¿`^e{]Zw Jep cP˛

kym\yYm \njv^ew

ZrjvtS f kvan≥ KpcpWm \ntPm]NbtK

Ipcym∂ntjIx ]pam˛

\XymtPy katb ip`m[nIbptX

]q¿hmZnImtemPvQntX.

 197

ioXtPymXnjn tbmjntXm\p]Nbÿmt\ ˛ N{μ≥ kv{XobpsS e·Øns‚ A\p]Nb

ÿm\ßfn¬ (2˛4˛5˛7˛8˛9˛12˛1) GXnse¶nepw

\n¬°pIbpw

IptPt\£ntX ˛ IpP≥ t\m°pIbpw sNøptºmƒ

PmXw K¿`^e{]Zw ˛ D- mIp∂ K¿`w ^e{]ZamIpw.

Jep cPky\yYm \njv^ew ˛ A√mØt∏mƒ D- mIp∂ cP v \njv^e

ambnt∏mIpw. (K¿`ap- mhn√.)

ZrjvtS f kvan≥ KpcpWm \ntPm]NbtK Ipcym∂ntjIx ...

˛ ]pcpj≥ K¿`m[m\w sNøp∂Xp kv{XobpsS e·Øns‚ D]Nb

ÿm\ßfn¬ (3˛6˛10˛11 ) \n¬°p∂ N{μs\ hymgw t\m°p∂

kabØmbncn°Ww.

AXymtPy katb ip`m[nIbptX ]q¿hmZnImtemPvQntX.

˛ CXp XymPyZnhkamhcpXv, KpWm[nIyap≈XmhWw, Cu hnjbØnse a‰p

\nba߃°v A\pkrXhpamhWw.

198 

A≤ymbw 12

]p{XNn¥

(1)

kpÿm hne·iint\mx kpXt`iPohmx

kpÿm\\mY ip`ZrjvSnbptX kpX¿t£

e·mfl]u bZn bpXu N anYx kpZrjvSu

t£t{X ]ckv]cKXu bZn ]p{Xkn≤nx.

1 hne· iint\mx ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw,

kpXt`i Pohmx -˛ A©mw `mhm[n]Xnbpw hymghpw,

kpÿm ˛ kpÿm\ßfn¬ \n∂mepw,

2 kpÿm\\mY ip`ZrjvSn bptX ˛ kpÿm\\mY∑mcpsStbm

ip`cpsStbm ZrjvSntbm tbmKtam

kpX¿t£ - ˛ A©mw`mhØn\p- mbmepw

3 e·mfl]u bZn bpXu ˛ e·m[n]\pw A©mw`mhm[n]\pw

Hcpan®p \n∂mepw

. anYx kpZrjvSu ˛ ]ckv]cw t\m°nbmepw

t£t{X ]ckv]cKXu bZn ˛ ]ckv]cw cminamdn∂mepw ˛

]p{Xkn≤nx5. ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw

kpXt`i≥ ˛ A©mw `mhm[n]Xn : ]p{X`mhØns‚ \mY≥

Poh≥ ˛ hymgw ˛ ]p{XImcI≥

kpÿm\߃: Zpÿm\߃ (6˛8˛12) Hgn®p≈h.

ip`∑m¿: Kp, ip (N, _p hyhÿItfmsS)

anY : ]ckv]cw

(2)

e·matcUyiin\mw kpXt`jp ]mss]¿˛

bpt‡£ntXjzY ipss`cbptX£ntXjp

]mt]m`tbjp kpXt`jp kptXiztcjp

Zpxÿm\tKjp \ `h¥n kpXmx IY©nXv.

1 e·matcUyiin\mw - ˛ e·w, Kpcp, N{μ≥ ChcpsS

 199

kpXt`jp ˛ A©mw`mhØn¬

]mss]xbpt‡ ˛ ]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pItbm

Cu£ntXjp ˛ t\m°pItbm sNbvXmepw

2 ipss` AbptX£ntXjp ˛ Cu ÿm\ßfn¬ ip`∑m¿ \n¬°pItbm

t\m°pItbm sNømXncp∂mepw

3 ]m] D`tbjp kpXt`jp ˛ ChbpsS CcphiØqw ]m]{Kl߃

\n∂mepw

4 kptXiztcjp Zpÿm\tKjp ˛ ]p{Xÿm\m[n]≥ Zpÿm\ßfn¬ \n∂mepw

\ `h¥n kpXmx IY©nXv ˛ Hcp XcØnepw ]p{X∑mcp- mIn√.

(3)

]mt] kz¿£KtX kptX X\b`mIv

Xkvan∂]mt] ]p\x

]p{Xmx kyp¿_lpemx ipt`m kz`ht\

tkmt{K kptX ]p{Xlm

kw⁄m©mev]kpX¿£anXyfnhrj˛

kv{Xoknwlm`m\mw hnZp˛

kvX{ZmiukpX`mKtKev]kpXhm≥ Imem˛

¥tc kn≤yXn.

1 ]mt] kptX ˛ ]p{Xÿm\Øp \n¬°p∂Xp

]m]\msW¶nepw

kz¿£KtX ˛ AXv B {KlØns‚ kzt£{XamsW¶n¬ --

X\b`mIv ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw.

2 Xkvan≥ A]mt] ]p\x ˛ ]m]\p ]Icw A]m]\mWv Cßns\

\n¬°p∂sX¶n¬ thsd ]dtb- Xpt- m ?

3 ipt`m kz`ht\ - ˛ ip`∑m¿ kz£{XØn¬ --(A©n¬) \n∂m¬

]p{Xmx kypx _lpemx ˛ At\Iw ]p{Xcp- mIpw.

4 tkmt{K kptX ]p{Xlm ˛ A©nse ]m]≥ ]p{Xs\ l\n°pw.

5 kw⁄mw A¬--]kpX¿£anXn ˛ A¬∏kpXt£{Xßfmb

Afn hrj kv{Xo knwlm`m\mw ˛ hr›nIw, CShw, I∂n, Nnßw

XXv cmiu kpX`mKtK ˛ Cu cminIƒ A©mw`mhambn h∂m¬

A¬]kpXhm≥ ˛ a°ƒ Ipdhmbncn°pw.

Imem¥tc kn≤yXn. ˛ D- mIp∂Xn\v kabsaSpØpsh∂pw hcmw

.

(4)

kqtcy Nm¬∏kpX¿£tK \n[\tK atμ IptP e·tK

e·mjvShybssKx i\oUycp[nssc›m¬∏mflP¿t£ kptX

Nt{μ em`KtX KpcpÿnXkpXÿmt\ k]mt] `thXv

et· f t\IJKm\zntX X\b`mIv Imem¥tc bXv\Xx.

1 kqtcy A¬∏kpX¿£tK ˛ kqcy≥ A¬∏kpXcminIfn¬ \n∂mepw

2 \n[\tK atμ -˛ F´n¬ --i\n \n∂mepw,

3 IptP e·tK ˛ e·Øn¬ IpP≥ \n∂mepw

4 e· AjvS hybssKx ˛ e·w, F´v, ]{¥- v `mhßfnembn

 200

i\n CuUy cp[nssc ˛ i\n, Kpcp, IpP≥ F∂nh¿ \n∂mepw

5 A¬∏mflP¿t£ kptX ˛ A¬∏]p{Xÿm\߃kpX`mhambn h∂mepw

6 Nt{μ em`KtX ˛ N{μ≥ ]Xns\m∂mw `mhØn¬ --\n∂mepw

7 KpcpÿnX kpXÿmt\ k]mt] `thXv ˛ Kpcp \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS A©n¬ --

]m]n \n∂mepw

8 et· At\I JKm\zntX ˛ e·Øn¬ At\Iw {Kl߃ --\n∂mepw

X\b`mIv Imem¥tc bXv\Xx. Imem¥cØn¬, bXv\wsIm- v

(]cnlmcI¿Ω߃sIm- v) a°fp- mIpw.

(5)

kqtcy \m\ybptX kpX¿£klntX N{μky tKtl ÿntX

`uta hm `rKptP f ]n hm kXn kpX{]m]vXnw ZznXobkv{Xnbmw

atμ hm _lp]p{Xhmw—in\n hm kutaym]n hm¬∏mfltPm

tZthtUy _lpZmcnIm iinKrtl XZzXv kpXm[njvTntX.

1 kqtcy \ A\ybptX kpX¿£ klntX N{μky tKtl ÿntX

˛I¿°Sw A©mw`mhambn kqcy≥ AXn¬ H‰bv°p \n¬--°pI, As√¶n¬

`uta hm `rKptPm]n hm kXn

˛ IpPt\m ip{It\m Aßns\ \n¬--°pI,

kpX{]m]vXnw ZznXobkv{Xnbmw

˛ F∂m¬ c- mw`mcybn¬ -- a°fp- mIpw.,

2 atμ hm _lp]p{Xhmw

˛ i\n Cßs\ H‰bv°p \n∂m¬ hfsc ]p{Xcp- mIpw.

3 iin\n hm kutaym]n hm A¸mfltPm

˛ N{μt\m _p[t\m CXpt]mse H‰bv°p \n∂m¬ a°ƒ Ipdbpw,

4 tZthtVy _lpZmcnIm iinKrtl XZzXv kpXm[njvTntX.

˛ N{μt£{Xamb A©mw`mhØn¬ --Kpcp \n∂m¬ hfsc ]p{Xnam¿ D- mIpw.

(ZmcnI ˛ ]p{Xn)

(6)

kpJmkvXZiaÿnssXcip`ImhyioXmwip`n¿˛

hybmjvSX\tbmZtbjzip`tKjp hwi£bx

atZ IhnhnZu aXu Kpcpck¤ncw_pÿnssXx

kptX iin\n ss\[\hybX\pÿ]mss]c]n.

1 kpJ AkvX Zia ÿnssXx Aip` Imhy ioXmwip`nx

˛ \men¬ ]m]≥, Ggn¬ ip{I≥, ]Øn¬N{μ≥

hyb AjvS X\b DZtbjjp Aip`tKjp

˛ 12, 8, 5, e·w ChIfn¬ ]m]∑m¿

hwi£bx

˛ Cu ÿnXn hwi\miw kqNn∏n°p∂p..

2 atZ Ihn hnZu ˛ Ggn¬ ip{I\pw _p[\pw

Kpcp Ak¤n Aw_pÿnssX ˛ \men¬ -- hymgw ]m]tcmSpIqsS

kptX iin\n ˛ A©n¬ N{μ≥

ss\[\ hyb X\pÿ ]mss]x ˛ 7, 12, 1 `mhßfn¬ --]m]nIƒ

˛˛CsX√mw hwi\miw kqNn∏n°p∂p.

 201

(7)

]mt] et· e·t] ]p{Xkwtÿ

[oti hotcy thiva\oμmh]p{Xx

HmP¿t£ f wti ]p{XtK kqcyZrjvtS

Nt{μ ]p{Xt¢i`mIv kymZkq\px.

1. ]mt] et· - ˛ ]m]≥ e·Øn¬ --

e·t] ]p{Xkwtÿ ˛ A©n¬ e·m[n]Xn

[oti hotcy ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xn aq∂n¬

thiva\oμm ˛ \men¬ N{μ≥

A]p{Xx ˛ CsX√mw A]p{XtbmKßfmWv.

2 HmP¿t£ Awti ]p{XtK Nt{μ ˛ ]p{Xÿm\wHmPcmiywiambncn°pIbpw

AXn¬ N{μ≥ \n¬°pIbpw

kqcyZrjvtS ˛ kqcy≥ t\m°pIbpw sNbvXm¬ --

]p{Xt¢i`mIv kymXv ˛ ]p{Xt¢iw As√¶n¬

Akq\px ˛ A]p{XXzw ^ew.

(8)

amμw kpX¿£w bZn hm f Y_u[w

amμy¿I]p{Xm\znXho£nXw tNXv

ZØflPx kymZpZbmkvX\mY˛

 w_‘lot\m hn_ex kptXix.

1 amμw kpX¿£w ˛ A©mw`mhw i\nbpsS cminbmhpI,

bZn hm AY _u[w ˛ As√¶n¬ _p[s‚ cminbmhpI

amμnA¿°]p{Xm\znX ˛ (AXn\p) KpfnI≥, i\n ChcpsS tbmKtam

ho£nXw tNXv ˛ ZrjvSntbmtbm D- mhpI;

2 hn_ex kptXix ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]\v _ean√mXncn°pI;

DZbmkvX\mY ˛ (AXn\p)e·m[n]\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pambn

kw_‘lot\m ˛ kw_‘an√mXncn°pI

ZØflP kymXv ˛ CXp c- pw ZØp]p{XtbmKamWv.

(9)

\oNmcnaqtVm]KtX kptXti

cnx^mcn c{‘m[n]kwbptX hm

kpXky\mix IYntXm f {X Xss⁄x

ipss`cZrjvtS kpXt` kptXti.

1 kptXti - -˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xn

\oN Acn aqV D]KtX ˛ \oNØntem i{Xpt£{XØntem auVy

tØmSpIqSntbm \n¬°pI

hm ˛ As√¶n¬

cnx^ Acn c{‘ A[n]kwbptX 12, 6, 8 A[n]cpsS IqsS \n¬°pI;

 202

2 kpXt` ˛ A©mw`mhØn\pw

kptXti ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xn°pw

ipss`x AZrjvtS ˛ ip`ZrjvSn C√mXncn°pI.

kpXky\mix ˛ Cu ÿnXnIƒ ]p{X\misØ kqNn∏n

°p∂psh∂p

IYntXm A {X Xss⁄x ˛ Adnhp≈h¿ ]dbp∂p.

(10)

kpX\mYPohIpP`mkvItcjp ssh

]pcpjmwitIjp N KtXjp Ip{XNnXv

ap\tbm hZ¥n _lp]p{XXmw XZm

kpX\mYhocyhiXx kp]p{XXmw.

1 kpX\mY Poh IpP `mkvItcjp ssh˛A©mw`mhm[n]≥, Kpcp, IpP≥, chn Ch¿ ]pcpjmwitIjp N KtXjp Ip{XNnXv-˛ \n¬°p∂ \hmwiw ]pcpjcminbmbm¬

ap\tbm hZ¥n _lp]p{XXmw XZm˛ hfsc ]p{Xcp- mIpsa∂p ap\nam¿

]dbp∂p.

2 kpX\mYhocyhiXx ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]s‚ _ea\pkcn®p

kp]p{XXmw. ˛ ]p{Xs‚ kz`mhKpWhpw ]dbmw.

(11)

]pwcmiywti [oiztc ]pw{Ktlss{μ¿˛

bpt‡ ZrjvtS ]pw{Ktl ]pw{]kqXnx

kv{Xocmiywti kv{Xo{Ksslxcyp‡ZrjvtS

kv{XoWmw P∑ kymXv kpX¿t£ kptXti.

1 [oiztc ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xn

]pwcmiywti ˛ ]pcpjcminbn¬ / \hmwiØn¬

\n¬°pI; AXn\p

]pw{Ktlss{μx bpt‡ ˛ ]pcpj{KlßfpsS tbmKtam

]pw{Ktl ZrjvtS ˛ ZrjvSntbm D- mhpI (F¶n¬)

]pw{]kqXnx ˛ B¨Ip´nbmIpw.

2 kv{Xocmiywti ˛ (A©mw`mhm[n]Xn) kv{Xocminbntem

kv{Xo\hmwiØntem \n¬°pI; AXn\p

kv{Xo{Ksslx bp‡ZrjvtS ˛ kv{Xo{KlßfpsS tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm

D- mhpI, F¶n¬

kv{XoWmw P∑ kymXv ˛ s]¨Ip´nbmIpw.

kpX¿t£ kptXti. ˛ A©mw`mhwsIm- pw A©mw`mhm[n

]Xnsbs°m- pw (Cßs\ Nn¥n°Ww.)

(12)

_ebp‡u kzKlmwti˛

jz¿°knXmh]Nb¿£Ku ]pwkmw

kv{XoWmw hm IpPN{μu

bZm XZm kw`hXn K¿`x.

 203

1 A¿° knXm ˛ chnip{I∑m¿

_ebp‡u ˛ _ehm∑mcmbn

kzKrlmwtijp ˛ kzt£{X\hmwißfn¬

D]Nb¿£Ku ˛ D]Nbÿm\ßfn¬ \n¬°ptºmƒ

]pwkmw ˛ ]pcpj\pw

(AXmbXv, ]pcpj≥ _‘s∏Sp∂ kv{Xo°pw)

2 IpPN{μu ˛ IpP\pw N{μ\pw

(CXpt]mse \n¬°ptºmƒ)

kv{XoWmw ˛ kv{XoIƒ°pw

kw`hXn K¿`x ˛ K¿`w D- mIpw.

(13)

Ai{Xp\oNmcn\hmwissI ptX

kptXibpss‡c]n ssXkvXYmhnss[x

kpX¿£ssK¿hm Kpcp`mZn\mwiImXv

kptX ^ssex ]p{XanXn¿hnNn¥ytX.

1 kptX ˛ A©n¬ \n¬°p∂Xpw

Ai{Xp\oNAcn \hmwissIx ˛ i{Xpt£{XÿnXntbm \oNmhÿtbm

i{Xp\hmwiIÿnXntbm C√mØXpamb

{KlßfpsS FÆwsImt- m

2 kptXibpss‡c]n ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]s‚ IqsS

ssXkvXYmhnss[x ˛ \n¬°p∂ {Klßfn¬ i{Xpt£{X

ÿnXn apXembh C√mØ

{KlßfpsS FÆwsImt- m

3 Kpcp`m ˛ hymgw \n¬°p∂ cminbn¬\nt∂m

Zn\mwiImXv ˛ kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ \hmwiØn¬\nt∂m

kpX¿£ssK¿hm ˛ A©n¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlßfpsS AjvSI

h¿§_nμp°sfs°mt- m

kptX ˛ ]p{XkwJy ]dbWw.

(14)

Pothμp£nXnPkv^pssSIy`ht\

bpt‹ N bp‹mwitI

kv{XoWmw t£{X^ew hZ¥n kpXZw

ant{i {]bmkmXv ^ew

`mkzXvip{IKpcpkv^pssSIy`ht\f- t]ymPmwitIft]ymPt`

]pwkmw _oP_ew kpX{]Zanaw

ant{i Xp an{iw htZXv.

1 Poh Cμp £nXnP kv^pS ˛ (kv{XoPmXIØn¬) Kpcp, N{μ≥, IpP≥

ChcpsS kv^pS߃

sFIy`ht\ ˛ Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂Xv

bpt‹ N bp‹mwitI ˛ bp‹cminbn¬ bp‹mwiambn h∂m¬

 204

kv{XoWmw t£{X^ew kpXZw ˛ kv{XoIƒ°p ]p{Xkn≤n°p th-

t£{X^eamIpw.

ant{i {]bmkmXv ^ew ˛ CXp an{iambncp∂m¬ ^e{]m]vXn°p

{]bmkap- mIpsa∂pw

(]cnlmc߃ th- nhcpsa∂pw)

hZ¥n ˛ (BNmcy∑m¿) ]dbp∂p.

2 `mkz Xvip{I Kpcp kv^pSssSIy ˛ (]pcpjPmXIØn¬) chn, ip{I≥, Kpcp

ChcpsS kv^pS߃ Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂Xv

`ht\t]ymPmwitIt]ymPtI ˛ HmPcminbpw HmPAwiIhpambncp∂m¬

]pwkmw _oP_ew kpX{]Zanaw ˛ ]p{Xkn≤n°v Bhiyamb _oP_eamIpw.

ant{i Xp an{iw htZXv ˛ an{iambncp∂m¬ {]bXv\w (]cnlmc

{InbIƒ) sIm- v ^ew D- mIpsa∂pw

]dbWw.

(15)

]©Lv\m—in\x kv^pSmZnjp lXw

`m\pkv^pSw tim[tb˛

∂oXzm X{X XnYnw kntX ip`XnYu

]pt{Xm f kvXybXv\mZ]n

IrjvtW \mkvXn kpXÿntXx _ehimXv

{_qbmZztbmx ]£tbmx

Z¿ti On{ZXnYu N hnjvSnIctW

\ kymXv ÿncmtJy kpXx.

.]©Lv\m—in\x kv^pSmZnjp

˛ A©psIm- v KpWn® N{μkv^pSØn¬\n∂pw

lXw `m\pkv^pSw tim[tb∂oXzm X{X XnYnw

˛ A©psIm- v KpWn® kqcykv^pSw Ipd®m¬ k¥m\XnYnkv^pSw In´pw.

CXns\ XnYn{]amWw (720 Ie) sIm- p lcn®p XnYn ImWWw.

X{X XnYnw kntX ip`XnYu ]pt{Xm f kvXn AbXv\mZ]n

˛ Cu XnYn shfpØ ]£Ønse ip`XnYnbmsW¶n¬ km[mcW KXnbn¬

Øs∂ ]p{X∑m¿ D- mIpw.

IrjvtW \mkvXn...

˛ IdpØ]£XnYnbmsW¶n¬ {]bXv\wIqSmsX (]cnlmcw sNømsX)

]p{Xcp- mIn√.

kpXÿntXx _ehimXv {_qbmXv Zztbmx ]£tbmx

˛ CXv GXp ]£Ønembmepw, A©n¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚ _ew

IqSn t\mt°- Xp- v.

Z¿ti On{ZXnYu N hnjvSnIctW \ ÿncmtJy kpXx.

˛On{ZXnYnItfm hnjvSnIcWtam, ÿncIcWtam hcp∂psh¶n¬, ]p{Xcp

- mhpIbpan√.

1. On{ZXnYnIƒ: NXp¿∞n, jjvTn. AjvSan, \han, ZzmZin, NXp¿±in.

2. hnjvSnIcWw:

shfpØ]£Øn¬: AjvSan, hmhv ChbpsS ]q¿hm≤w

NXp¿∞n, GImZin ChbpsS DØcm¿≤w

 205

IdpØ]£Øn¬: k]vXan, NXp¿±in ChbpsS ]q¿hm¿≤w

XrXob, Zian ChbpsS DØcm¿≤w

3. ÿncIcWw: ]p≈v, \m¬°men, ]mºv, ]pgp.

(Chsb√mwXs∂ F√m \√ Imcy߃°pw Hgnhmt°- hbmWv.)

(16)

hnjvSnx ÿncw hm IcWw bZn kymXv

IrjvWw btPXv ]ucpjkq‡ ass{¥x

jjvTymw Kplmcm[\a{X Imcyw

btP NXp¿∞ymw Ine \mKcmPw.

hnjvSnx ÿncw hm IcWw bZn kymXv

˛ k¥m\XnYnbn¬ hnjvSntbm ÿncIcWtam BWv hcp∂sX¶n¬

IrjvWw btPXv ]ucpjkq‡ass{¥x

˛ ]pcpjkq‡wsIm- v IrjvWs\ Bcm[n°Ww.

jjvTymw Kplmcm[\w A{XImcyw

˛ (AXpt]mse) jjvTnbn¬ kp{_“Wyt\bpw

btP NXp¿∞ymw \mKcmPw.

˛ NXp¿∞nbn¬ \mKcmPmhns\bpw ]qPn°Ww.

(17)

cmambWky {ihWw \haymw

bZyjvSao tNXv {ihWw {hXw N

NXp¿±io tNZyZn cp{Z]qPm

kym±zmZio tNXv kvarXa∂Zm\w.

cmambWky {ihWw \haymw ˛ (k¥m\XnYn) \hanbn¬ BsW¶n¬

cmambWw tIƒ°Ww ({ihWw)

bZyjvSao tNXv {ihWw {hXw N ˛ AjvSanbn¬ -- {ihWhpw {hXhpw

NXp¿±io tNXv bZn cp{Z]qPm ˛ NXp¿±inbn¬ -- cp{Z]qP

ZzmZio tNXv kvarXa∂Zm\w. ˛ ZzmZinbn¬ -- Du´v.

(18)

Xr]vXnw ]nXrWmanl ]©Ziymw

- IrjvtW Ziaymw ]ctXm f XnbXv\mXv

]£{Xn`mtKjz]n \mKcmPw

kvIμ© tkthX lcnw {ItaW.

Xr]vXnw ]nXrWmanl ]©Ziymw -

˛ (k¥m\XnYn) ]©Zinbn¬ (hmhp --∂mfn¬) BsW¶n¬ ]nXr°sf

Xr]vXns∏SpØWw

IrjvtW Ziaymw ]ctXm AXnbXv\mXv

˛ (k¥m\XnYn) IrjvW]£Zian°p tijamsW¶n¬ AXn{]bXv\w

IqSpX¬ ]cnlmcw) sIm- p am{Xta k¥Xn D- mIq.

 206

ChIqSmsX k¥m\XnYn tZmj]cnlmcØn\v ˛

]£{Xn`mtKjz]n \mKcmPw kvIμ© tkthX lcnw {ItaW ˛

Hcp ]£sØ aq∂p `mKam°nbm¬ ˛˛

BZy`mKØmsW¶n¬ (1˛5 XnYnIƒ) ˛ \mKcmPmhv,

c- maXp `mKØmsW¶n¬ (6˛10 XnYnIƒ) ˛ kvIμ≥ (kp{_“Wy≥),

aq∂mw `mKØmsW¶n¬ (11˛15 XnYnIƒ) ˛ lcn (hnjv Wp)

˛˛ F∂ {IaØn¬ ]qPn°bpw thWw.

(19)

]pt{Xtim cn]p\oNtKm f kvXabtKm

cnx^mjvSamcnÿnX˛

kvXZzXv]p{XKrlÿntXm f ]n bZn hm

Zpÿm\]kvXZzimXv

]p{Xm`mh\nZm\tah IYtb˛

ØXvtJNcm{Im¥`x

t{]mss‡¿ssZhX`qcpsslc]n arssKx

k¥m\tlXpw htZXv.

1. ]pt{Xi cn]p \oN AkvXabtKm, cnx^m AjvSa AcnÿnX

˛ A©mw `mhm[n]Xn, i{Xpt£{XØntem \oNØntem auVyØntem,

12˛8˛6 `mhßfntem \n--∂mepw

2. XZzXv ]p{XKrl ÿnX A]n

˛ AXpt]mse A©mw`mhØn¬ -- \n¬°p∂ {Klw C{]Imcw \n--∂mepw

3. Zpÿm\]kvXZzimXv

˛ B {Klw (A©mw `mhm[n]Xn / A©mw`mhØn¬ -- \n¬°p∂ {Klw)

Zpÿm\m[n]≥ Bbncp--∂mepw

]p{X A`mh \nZm\tah IYtbXv

˛ ]p{X∑m¿ Cs√∂pw (AXn\p ImcWhpw) ]dbWw.

4 XXv tJNc B{Im¥`x

˛ B {Klw \n¬°p∂ cmin / \£{Xw sh®v

t{]mss‡x ssZhX `qcpssl A]n arssKx k¥m\tlXpw htZXv

˛ tZhX, hr£w, arKw XpSßnb k¥m\(tZmj)ImcW߃ ]dbWw.

(AXp hgn F¥ns‚ tIm]w / im]w aqeamWv a°ƒ D- mImØsX∂p

Is- ØpIbpw AXn\p ]cnlmcw sNøpIbpw sNømw.)

(20)

t{Zmlm—w`p kp]¿Ætbm¿\ln kpXx

im]mXv ]nXrWmw cth˛

cntμm¿amXrkphmkn\o `KhXo˛

tIm]m∑t\mtZmjXx

kz{KmaÿnXtZhXmKplcn]p˛

⁄mXyp∞tZmjmXv IptP

im]mXv _meIrXmZv _nemf (_nUme) h[Xx

{iohnjvWptIm]mXv _pt[.

 207

(21)

]mcºcykpc{]nbZznPKpcpt{ZmlmXv ^emVy{Zpa˛

t—ZmXv tZhKpcu XYm kXn `rKu ]pjv]{Zpat—Z\mXv

km[zo tKmIpePmXtZmjhitXm b£ymZn Imta\ km

atμ f iz∞h[m{Zpjm ]nXr]tXx t{]ssXx ]nimNmZn`nx.

(22)

kz¿`m\u kpXtK kptXiklntX

k¿]ky im]mØYm

tIXu {_m“Wim]X› KpfntI

t{]tXm∞im]w htZXv

ipt{Iμq KpfnIm\znXu bZn h[q˛

tKmlØnamlp ptX

Pothm hmY inJo kamμncnl tNXv

`qtZhlXym f kpXx.

kpXtK kptXiklntX

˛ (Zp¿∫e\mb) A©mw`mhm[n]≥/A©n¬ -- \n¬°p∂ {Klw kqNn∏n

°p∂ k¥m\tZmjImcW߃˛˛

1. cth --˛ kqcy\msW¶n¬

t{ZmlmXv iw`p kp]¿Ætbmx im]mXv ]nXrWmw

˛ inh≥, KcpU≥, ]nXmhv / ]nXr°ƒ ChcpsS tIm]w/im]w

2. Ctμmx ˛ N{μ\msW¶n¬

amXr kphmkn\o `KhXo tIm]m∑t\mtZmjXx

˛ amXmhv, kpawKen, `KhXn ChcpsS tIm]w/im]w

3. IptP ˛ IpP\msW¶n¬

kz{KmaÿnXtZhXm Kpl co]p ⁄mXyp∞tZmjmXv

˛ {KmatZhX, kp{_“Wy≥, i{Xp°ƒ, _‘p°ƒ ChcpsS tIm]w/im]w

4. _pt[. ˛ _p[\msW¶n¬

im]mXv _meIrXmXv _nUmeh[Xx {iohnjvWptIm]mXv

˛_meim]w, am¿÷mch[w, hnjvWptIm]w

5. tZhKpcu ˛ hymgamsW¶n¬

]mcºcykpc{]nbZznPKpcpt{ZmlmXv ^emVy{Zpat—ZmXv

˛ [¿ΩssZhw, {_m“W≥, Kpcp ChcpsS tIm]w/im]w,

^ehr£ßƒ apdn®Xns‚ ]m]w.

6. `rKu ˛ ip{I\msW¶n¬

]pjv] {Zpa t—Z\mXv km[zo tKmIpePmXtZmjhitXmb£mZn Imta\

˛ ]q°p∂ ac߃ apdn®Xns‚ tZmjw, t{ijvTkv{Xoim]w, ]ipt{Zml]m]w,

b£n K‘¿h D]{Zh߃

7. atμ ˛ i\nbmsW¶n¬

Aiz∞h[m{Zpjm ]nXr]tXx t{]ssXx ]mimNmZn`nx

˛ Acbm¬ apdn®Xns‚ tZmjw, [¿ΩtZh (ba) tIm]w, t{]X]nimNp°

fpsS D]{Zhw.

8. kz¿`m\u ˛ cmlphmsW¶n¬

 208

k¿]ky im]w ˛ \mKim]w

9. tIXu ˛ tIXphmsW¶n¬

{_m“Wim]X› ˛ {_m“Wim]w

10. KpfntI ˛ KpfnI\msW¶n¬

t{]tXm∞im]w ˛ t{]Xim]w

11. ipt{Iμq KpfnIm\znXu bZn h[qtKmlXy..

˛ ip{I\pw N{μ\pw KpfnI\pw IqSn CXpt]mse \n∂m¬

kv{Xoh[ tKmh[ ]m]߃

12. Pothm inJo kamμncnl tNXv ˛ hymgw, tIXp, KpfnI≥ C{]Imcw \n∂m¬

`qtZhlXy ˛ {_“lXym]m]w.

(23)

Ghw ln P∑katb _lp]q¿hP∑˛

I¿Ωm¿÷nXw ZqcnXaky hZ¥n X÷vRmx

XØZv {Ktlm‡P]Zm\ip`{Inbm`n˛

kvXt±mjim¥nanl iwkXn ]p{Xknss≤y.

_lp ]q¿hP∑ I¿Ω B¿÷nXw ZqcnXaky

˛ ap≥P∑ßfn¬ sNbvX I¿ΩßfpsS ^eambn D- mIp∂ (k¥m\an√mbva

XpSßnb) ZpcnX߃

Ghw ln P∑katb hZ¥n X÷vRmx

˛ C{]ImcamWv P\\kabsØ {Kl\nebn¬°qSn kqNn∏n°s∏Sp

∂sX∂v Adnhp≈h¿ ]dbp∂p.

Xt±mjim¥nw Cl ]p{Xknss≤y

˛ a°fp- mIp∂Xn\v, Cu tZmjßfpsS im¥n°mbn

XØZv {Ktlm‡

˛ Hmtcm {KlØn\pw ]d™n´p≈

P]Zm\ ip`{Inbm`nx

˛ P]w, Zm\w, XpSßnb ip`{InbIƒ (]cnlmcambn sNøWw)

iwkXn F∂pw ]dbs∏´ncn°p∂p.

(24)

tkXpkv\m\w Io¿Ø\w k¬°Ymbmw

]qPmw iwt`mx {io]tXx kZv{hXm\n

Zm\w {im≤w I¿a \mK{]XnjvTmw

IpcymtZssXcm]v\pbmXv k¥Xow kx.

tkXpkv\m\w ˛ kap{Zkv\m\w,

Io¿Ø\w k¬°Ymbmw ˛ (]pcmWmZn) kXv°YIfpsS Io¿Ø\w

(]mcmbWw)

]qPmw iwt`mx {io]tXx ˛ inh]qP, hnjvWp]qP, Chcpambn

_‘s∏´ {hX߃,

Zm\w {im≤w I¿a \mK{]XnjvTmw ˛ Zm\w, {im≤I¿Ω߃, \mK{]XnjvT

IpcymXv GssX ˛ (XpSßnb ]cnlmc{InbIƒ) sNbvXm¬

B]v\pbmXv k¥Xow. ˛ k¥m\ap- mIpw.

 209

(25)

e·mkvX]p{X]XnPohZim]lmtc

]pt{X£Iky kpXKky N ]p{Xkn≤nx

]pt{XicminaYhm baI- I¿£w

Poth KtX X\bkn≤ncYmwit` hm.

1 e·˛AkvX˛]p{X]Xn Poh ˛ 1 , 7, 5 `mhm[n]XnIƒ, Kpcp ChcpsS

Zim]lmtc - ˛ Zim]lmcßfntem

]pt{X£Iky kpXKky N ˛ A©n¬ \n¬°pItbm A©ntebv°p

t\m°pItbm sNøp∂ {KlßfpsS

(Zim]lmcßfntem)

]p{Xkn≤nx ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw.

2 ]pt{Xicminw AYhm baI- I¿£w˛ (As√¶n¬) A©mw`mhm[n]Xntbm

baI- It\m \n¬°pItbm

Awin°pItbm sNøp∂ cminbn¬

Poth KtX ˛ (Nmchim¬) Kpcp hcp∂ kabØpw

X\bkn≤nx ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw.

(26)

e·m[oix ]p{X\mtY\ tbmKw

tkzmt® kz¿t£ NmcKXym ktaXn

]p{X{]m]vXnx kymØZm e·\mYx

]p{X¿£w hm bmXy[oim]vX`w hm.

3 e·m[oix ]p{X\mtY\ tbmKw ˛ e·m[n]Xn A©mw`mhm[n]XntbmSpIqSn

tkzmt® kz¿t£ NmcKXym ktaXn ˛ D®Øntem kzt£{XØntem Nmchim¬

hcptºmƒ

]p{X{]m]vXnx ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw. --

4 kymXv XZm e·\mYx ]p{X¿£w hm A[oim]vX`w bmXn...

˛ e·m[n]Xn C{]Imcw A©ntem

A©mw `mhm[n]Xn \n¬°p∂

cminbntem hcptºmgpw (]p{Xcp- mIpw.)

(27)

hne·ImamflP\mbIm\mw

tbmKmXv kam\ob Zimw almJymw

kpXÿZzo£IXXv]Xo\mw

Zim]lmtcjp kptXm¤hx kymXv.

5 hne·ImamflP\mbIm\mw ...Zimw almJymw

˛ e·m[n]Xn, Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn, A©mw`mhm[n]Xn ChcpsS Zibn¬

(ChcpsS {Klkv^pS߃ Iq´n \£{XZi hcpØnbXn¬)

kpXÿ ho£I XXv]Xo\mw Zim]lmtcjp

˛ A©n¬ \n¬°pItbm A©ntebv°p t\m°pItbm sNøp∂

 210

{KlØns‚tbm A©mw`mhm[n]t‚tbm Zim]lmclmcßfn¬

kptXm¤hx

˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw.

(28)

kpX]XnKp¿thmcYhm

XZyp‡cmiywiIm[n]m\mw hm

_eklnXky Zimbm˛

a]lmtc hm kpX{]m]vXnx

6 kpX]Xn Kp¿thm ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xn, Kpcp,

AYhm XZyp‡... ˛ As√¶n¬ A©mw`mhm[n]Xntbm

Kpcpthm (\n¬°p∂)

cmiywiIm[n]m\mw hm ˛ cminbpsS \mY≥, AwiI\mY≥ (Chcn¬)

_eklnXky Zimbma]lmtc hm ˛ -- _etadp∂ {KlØns‚ Zim]lmcßfn¬

kpX{]m]vXnx ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw.

(29)

Poth Xp PohmflP\mY`mwiI˛

{XntImWtK ]p{XP\o¿`th∂rWmw

AYm\yimkvt{XW N P∑IetXm

\ncq]tbXvk¥Xne£Ww _p[x.

7 PohmflP\mY`mwiI ˛ (P\\kabØp) hymgw \n∂ cminbptStbm

A©mw`mhm[n]Xn \n∂ cminbptStbm

AwiIØns‚

{XntImWtK ˛ {XntImWØn¬ --

Poth ˛ hymgw hcptºmƒ

]p{XP\o¿`th∂rWmw ˛ ]p{X≥ P\n°pw.

AYm\yimkvt{XW N P∑ImetXm \ncq]tbXv k¥Xne£Ww _p[x.

˛ A\yimkv{Xßsfs°m- pw P\\kabsØ k¥Xne£Ww \ncq]n°Ww.

(30)

P∑\£{X\mYky {]Xyc¿£m[n]ky N

kv^pStbmKw KtX Poth {XntImtW hm kptXm¤hx

8 P∑\£{X\mYky ˛ P∑\£{Xm[n]t‚bpw

{]Xyc¿£m[n]ky N ˛ A©mw\£{Xm[n]t‚bpw

kv^pStbmKw ˛ kv^pStbmKØns‚

{XntImtW hm ˛ {XntImWØn¬

KtX Poth ˛ Kpcp hcptºmƒ

kptXm¤hx ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw

 211

(31)

\ntjIe·m±n\]kvXrXotb

cmiu bZm NmchimZpss]Xn

B[m\e·mZYhm {XntImtW

chu bZm P∑ htZ∂cmWmw.

\ntjIe·mXv XrXotb cmiu ˛ \ntjIe·Øns‚ aq∂n¬

AYhm ˛ As√¶n¬

B[m\e·mXv {XntImtW ˛ B[m\e·Øns‚ {XntImWØn¬

Zn\] NmchimXv Dss]Xn ˛ kqcy≥ Nmchim¬ \n¬°p∂psh¶n¬

P∑ htZXv \cmWmw ˛ AXp a\pjyP∑amsW∂p ]dbWw.

\ntjIw ˛ tkIw : hnhmltijw BZyambn _‘s∏Sp∂Xv

B[m\w : K¿`m[m\w

(32)

B[m\e·mXv kpXt`iP∑˛

`tKy f ]n hm ]pWyhim® hmNyw

B[m\et· ip`ZrjvSntbmtK

Zo¿LmbpsscizcybptXm \cx kymXv.

B[m\e·mXv kpXt`i ˛ B[m\e·Øns‚ A©mw`mhm[n]≥

P∑`tKyf]n hm ˛ P∑Øntem (1) `mKyØntem (9) \n¬°pI

bmsW¶n¬

]pWyhimXv N hmNyw ˛ ]pWywsIm- p≈ P\\amsW∂pw

]dbWw.

B[m\et· ip`ZrjvSntbmtK ˛ B[m\e·Øn\p ip`s‚ tbmKtam

ZrjvSntbm Ds- ¶n¬

Zo¿Lmbp sFizcybptXm \cx kymXv. ˛ Zo¿Lmbp pw sFizcyhpw D≈h\mIpw.

(33)

XXvImteμp ZzmZimwti tajmØmhXn t`f]n hm

XkvamØmhXn t` hmf]n P∑N{μw htZZv _p[x.

XXvImteμp ˛ B[m\kabsØ N{μs‚

ZzmZimwti ˛ ZzmZimwiw

tajmØmhXn t`f]n hm ˛ taSwapX¬ F{XmasØ cminbnemtWm

XkvamØmhXn t` .. ˛ A{XmasØ cminbnembncn°pw

P∑N{μw ˛ PmXIØnse N{μ≥

htZXv ˛ F∂p ]dbWw.

 212

(34)

{]iv\mflP kzoIctWm]\oXn˛

I\ym{]Zm\m f `n\hm¿Xthjp

B[m\Imte]n N P∑Xpeyw

^ew htZ÷∑hne·X›.

{]iv\w ˛ {]iv\w

BflP kzoIcW ˛ ]p{XkzoIcWw,

D]\oXn ˛ D]\b\w,

I\ym{]Zm\ ˛ I\yImZm\w,

A`n\h B¿Øthjp ˛ BZyEXp apXembhbnepw

B[m\Imte A]n ˛ B[m\ImeØnepw

P∑Xpeyw ˛ PmXIØn¬ sNøp∂Xpt]mse

P∑hne·Xx N ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw Nn¥n®p

^ew htZXv ˛ ew ]dbWw.

213 

A≤ymbw 13

Bbp¿\n¿Æbw

(1)

PmtX Ipamtc kXn ]q¿hamsscy-˛

cmbp¿hnNn¥yw ln XXx ^em\n

hnNmcWob KpWn\n ÿntX XZv˛

KpWmx kakvXmx Jep e£Wss⁄x.

PmtX Ipamtc ˛ Hcp inip P\n®m¬

]q¿hamsscyx ˛ BZyambn sNtø- Xv

Bbpx hnNn¥yw ˛ Bbp¿Nn¥bmWv.

ln XXx ^em\n ˛ AXn\ptijw thWw ^eNn¥.

KpWn\n ÿntX ˛ (P\\kabsØ {Kl\nebn¬)

KpWIcamb {KlÿnXn ImWp∂psh¶n¬

--KpWmx kakvXmx ˛(Zo¿Lmbp pXpSßnb) kIe KpW^ehpw

e£Wss⁄x. ˛ (]cnNbkº∂\mb)ssZh⁄\m¬(am{Xw)

hnNmcWob ˛ Nn¥n°s∏SWw

(2)

tINnZyYm[m\hne·at\y

io¿tjmZbw `q]X\w ln tINnXv

tlmcmhnZt›X\Imbtbmt\ym¿

hntbmKImew IYb¥n e·w.

1. tINnXv bYm B[m\hne·w

˛ Nne¿ B[m\kabsØ e·hpw

2. At\y io¿tjmZbw

˛ Nne¿ intcmZ¿i\ (inc p shfnbn¬ ImWp∂) kabsØ e·hpw

3. `q]X\w ln tINnXv

˛ a‰p Nne¿ `q]X\(Ip´n amXricocw hn´v Xmsg hogp∂)kabsØ e·hpw

4. tNX\Imbtbmx hntbmKImew

˛ C\n Nne¿ s]m°nƒsImSn apdn®v Ip´n Xn®pw kzX{¥amIp∂ kabsØ

e·hpw P∑e·amsbSp°p∂p.

 214

CXn¬ GXmWv --icnbmb P\\kabw G∂Xv C∂pw X¿°hnjbamW vv.

intcmZ¿i\amWv ChnsS {][m\ambpw ]n¥pScp∂Xv.

(3)

BZzmZim_vZm∂ctbm\nP∑\m˛

ambpjvIem \n›bnXpw \ iIytX

am{Xm N ]n{Xm IrX]m]I¿aWm

_me{Kssl¿\miapss]Xn _meIx.

PmXI{]Imcw [mcmfw Bbp p ImWmsa¶nepw˛˛

BZzmZim_vZm≥ \ctbm\nP∑\mw ˛ ]{¥- p hb p XnIbp∂Xphsc HcmfpsS

BbpjvIem \n›bnXpw \ iIytX ˛ bYm¿∞ Bbp v ]dbm≥ km≤ya√.

am{Xm N ]n{Xm IrX]m]I¿aWm ˛ (ImcWw,) amXm]nXm°ƒ sNøp∂

]m]I¿ΩßfpsS ^eambpw

_me{Kssl ˛ _me{Kl]oUIƒ (_memcnjvSXIƒ)

sIm- pw

\miw Dss]Xn _meIx. ˛ Ip´n (t\ctØ) acn®p t]msb∂p hcmw.

(4)

BtZy NXpjvtI P\\o IrXmssL¿˛

at≤y N ]n{Xm¿÷nX ]m]kwssLx(1)

_mekvXZ¥ymkp NXpx icXvkp

kzIobtZmssjx kapss]Xn \miw.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: ]m]kwssJy, kwssK

Cu ]{¥- p hb n¬

BtZy NXpjvtI P\\o IrX AssLx ˛ BZysØ \mep hb phsc (1˛4)

AΩbpsS ]m]ßfmepw

at≤y N ]nXr B¿÷nX ]m]kwssLx ˛ ]n∂sØ \mep hb v (4˛8) A—s‚

]m]ßfmepw

XXv A¥ymkp NXpx icXvkp ˛ Ahkm\ \mep h¿jw (9˛12)

kzIobtZmssjx ˛ kzI¿ΩtZmjØmepw

_mex kapss]Xn \miw. ˛ Ip´n acn®p t]msb∂p hcmw.

(5)

Xt±mjimss¥y {]XnP∑ Xmc˛

amZzmZim_vZw P]tlma]q¿hw

BbpjvIcw I¿ahn[mb XmtXm

_mew NnIn’mZn`ntch ct£Xv.

XXv tZmjimss¥y ˛ AØcØnep≈ tZmjßfpsS

im¥n°mbns°m- v

BZzmZim_vZw ˛ ]{¥- v hb p XnIbp∂Xphsc

{]XnP∑ Xmcw ˛ F√m]nd∂mfn\pw

P]tlma]q¿hw ˛ P]tlmaßtfmsS

 215

BbpjvIcw I¿ahn[mb ˛ Zo¿Lmbp n\pth- nbp≈ I¿Ω߃

sNbvXpw

_mew NnIn’mZn`ntch ˛ _metcmK߃°p≈ NnIn’ \¬Inbpw

XmtXm ct£Xv ˛ A—≥ Ip´nsb (tZmjßfn¬ \n∂pw)

c£n°Ww.

(6)

AjvSu _memcnjvSamZu \cmWmw

tbmKmcnjvSw {]mlpcmhnwiXnkymXv

A¬]w NmZzm{XnwiXw a[yambpx˛

›mk]vXXymx ]q¿Æambpx iXm¥av.

AjvSu _memcnjvSw BZu \cmWmw ˛ Ip´nIƒ°v BZysØ F´p hb phsc

_memcnjvShpw (1˛8)

tbmKmcnjvSw {]mlpx BhnwiXn kymXv ˛ Ccp]Xp hb phsc tbmKmcnjvShpw

(9˛20)

A¬]w Nm Zzm {XnwiXw ˛ ap∏Ønc- p hb phsc A¬]mbp pw

(21˛32)

a[yambpx Bk]vXXymx ˛ Fgp]Xp hb phsc a[ymbp pw (32˛70)

]q¿Æw Bbpx iXm¥x. ˛ \qdp hb phsc ]q¿Æmbp pw (71˛100)

BIp∂p.

(7)

\rWmw h¿jiXw lymbpkvXkvanwkvt{X[m hn`PytX

A¬]w a≤yw Zo¿LmambpcntXyXXv k¿hkΩXw

(Cu k{ºZmbØn¬--)

\rWmw h¿jiXw ln Bbp ˛ a\pjy¿°v \qdph¿jamWv Bbp v.

XkvXn≥ t{X[m hn`PytX ˛ AXns\ aq∂mbn `mKn®m¬ --

A¬]w a≤ywZo¿Lmambpx CtXyXXv ˛ A¬]w, a≤yw, Zo¿Lw F∂nßs\ aq∂p

hn[w BbpjvIme߃ In´pw.

k¿hkΩXw ˛ Cu hn`P\w k¿hkΩXamIp∂p.

(8)

arXypx kym±n\arXypcpKznjLSo˛

Imte f Y Xnjym f w_pt` XmXmw_m(1) kpXamXpem≥ ]Zhim˛

≤kvtX N l\ymØYm

aqe¿t£ ]nXramXrhwihnebw(2)

Xkym¥y]mtZ {inbw

k¿t∏ hykvXanZw ^ew \ ip`kw˛

_‘w hne·w bZn.

]mTt`Zw: (1) PmXmw_m (2) \nebw

 216

1 Zn\arXyp cpKv hnjLSoImte ˛ Zn\arXyp, ZnhmtcmKw, hnjLSnI

Chbn¬ P\n®m¬

arXypx kymXv ˛ acWamIp∂p. (Ip´n°v Bbp p Ipdbpw)

2. Xnjy, Aw_p...]ZhimXv ltkvX˛ ]qbw,]qcmSw,AØw \mfpIfn¬ P\n®m¬

]mZ{IaØn¬

XmX Aw_m kpX amXpem≥ ˛ ]nXmhv, amXmhv, PmXI≥, amXpe≥ Chsc

l\ymØYm ˛ l\n°pw

A¿∞w Xnjyw, ]pjyw = ]qbw. Aw_p`w ˛ Aw_p \£{Xw ˛ ]qcmSw. lkvXw -= AØw

\£{X]mZtZmj߃ ]mZw 1 2 3 4

]qbw PmXI≥ amXmhv A—≥ AΩmh≥

]qcmSw amXmhv A—≥ AΩmh≥ PmXI≥

AØw A—≥ AΩmh≥* PmXI≥ AΩ

* AØw \£{XØns‚ c- mw]mZØn¬ P\n®m¬ AΩbv°pw \memw

]mZØn¬ -- P\n®m¬ AΩmh\pw arXyp kw`hn°pw.o

3 aqe¿t£ ]nXr amXr hwihnebw Xkym¥y]mtZ {inbw

aqew ]mZw 1 2 3 4

]nXm\miw amXm\miw hwi\miw sFizcyw

4. k¿t∏* hykvXanZw ˛ BbneyØn¬ -- CXn\p hn]coXw

Bbneyw ]mZw 1 2 3 4

sFizcyw hwi\miw amXm\miw ]nXm\miw

5. ^ew \ ip`kw_‘w hne·w bZn

˛ e·w ip`_‘tØmSpIqSnbncp∂m¬ Cu tZmj^e߃ D- mIpIbn√.

1. N{μ≥ ip`{KltØmSpIqSn \n∂m¬ Zn\arXyphn\pw ZnhmtcmKØn\pw

]cnlmcambn.

2. N{μ≥ ip`mwiØn¬ \n¬°pItbm ip`{Kl߃ N{μs\ t\m°pItbm N{μ≥

ip`{KlßtfmSp tNcpItbm hymgw tI{μ{XntImWßfn¬ \n¬°pItbm sNbvXm¬ --

hnjLSnIbv°pw tZmjan√.

Zn\arXyp 2. ZnhmtcmKw \mƒ ]mZw \mƒ ]mZw

AØw 1 AizXn 1

Ahn´w 1 Bbneyw 1

XncphmXnc 2 `cWn 2

hnimJw 2 aqew 2

 217

Bbneyw 3 D{Xw 3

D{X´mXn 3 XncpthmWw 3

`cWn 4 aIbncw 4

aqew 4 tNmXn 4

ZnhmtcmKßfn¬ AizXn ˛ 1 \p ]Icambn Nne {KŸßfn¬ D{X´mXn ˛ 1

ImWp- v.

3. hnjLSnI Hmtcm \mfnepap≈ tZmjIcamb \mgnIIƒ

(\mfpIƒ°p t\sc ImWn®n´p≈ kabwapX¬ \mep \mgnI).

\mƒ hnjLSnI \mƒ hnjLSnI \mƒ hnjLSnI AizXn 50 aIw 30 aqew 20

`cWn 24 ]qcw 40 ]qcmSw 24

Im¿ØnI 30 D{Xw 18 D{XmSw 20

tcmlnWn 40 AØw 22 XncpthmWw 10

aIbncw 14 Nn{X 20 Ahn´w 10

XncphmXnc 11 tNmXn 14 NXbw 18

]pW¿Xw 30 hnimJw 14 ]qcqcp´mXn 16

]qbw 20 A\ngw 10 D{X´mXn 24

Bbneyw 32 Xrt°´ 14 tchXn 30

t]cp kqNn∏n°p∂Xpt]mse Cu kabßsf√mwXs∂ ip`Imcy߃ °p

h¿÷yamWv. Cu kabØp≈ P\\w Bbp n\pw tZmjIcamWv.

(9)

]m]m]vtX£nXcmink‘nP\t\ ktZym hn\miw {[phw

Kfimt¥ ]nXramXrlm iniparXn¿ PothZyZn £vam]Xnx

PmXx k‘n NXpjvStb f ]yip`kwbpt‡£ntX kvYm\parXn¿˛

artXym¿`mKKtX N kwkZn hn[u tIt{μ f jvSta hm arXnx.

1. ]m] B]vX ˛ ]m]∑m¿ \n¬°p∂Xpw

Cu£nX ˛ t\m°p∂Xpamb

cmink‘n P\t\ ˛ cmink‘nbn¬ P\n®m¬

ktZym hn\miw {[phw - ˛ DS≥ acWw Dd∏v.

2 Kfimt¥ ]nXramXrlm iniparXn ˛ Kfim¥Øn¬ P\n®m¬ ]nXmhn\pw

amXmhn\pw Ip´n°pw \miw.

PothXv bZn £vam]Xnx ˛ Pohn°p∂psh¶n¬ cmPmhmIpw.

3 PmXx k‘n NXpjvStb A]n ˛ tI{μk‘nIfnse P\\Øn\v

Aip`kwbpt‡£ntX ˛ Aip`∑mcpsS tbmKZrjvSnIfps- ¶n¬

kymXv arXnx ˛ acWap- mIpw.--

 218

cmin-k‘nIfpw \£{Xk‘nIfpw ÿm\w cmin-k-‘n- * \£-{X-k‘n

120w I¿°Sw ˛ Nnßw B-bneyw ˛ aIw

240w hr›nIw ˛ [\p Xr-t°´ ˛ aq-ew

360w ao\w ˛ taSw tc-hXn ˛ Aiz-Xn

*cmin-Iƒ tNcp-∂n-S-sØ√mw k‘n-bp-s- ∂pw A`n-{]m-b-ap-- v.

Kfim¥w N{μ≥ k‘n IS-°p-tºm-gmWv Kfim¥w. Kfim¥w aq∂p hn[-ap-- v.

cmin K-fim-¥w, \£-{X-K-fim-¥w, XnYn-K-fim-¥w.

Kfim¥ tZmjw: GXp Kfim¥Øn¬ -- P\n®mepw P\\w k‘yIfnembm¬ --P\n® Ip´n°pw

cm{Xnbnembm¬ --amXmhn\pw ]Iembm¬ -- ]nXmhn\pw BWv tZmjw _m[n°p

∂Xv. ˛˛ tPymXnj\nLfip

(10)

Nm{μw cq]w temIiptcm hc⁄x

IptUy Nn{Xw `mKy temtI apJm\mw

tat\ cmPyw arXyp`mKmx {]ZnjvSm

tajmZo\mw h¿WkwssJy¿lnamwtimx.

arXyp`mKIƒ (Nμm¬)

(IS]bmZn A£ckwJybn¬ --)

taSw CShw anYp\ I¿° Nnßw I∂n Xpe hr›n [\p aIcw Ipw`w ao\w Nm{μ cq]w temI ipc hc⁄ IpUyNn{X `mKy temtI apJm tat\ cmPyw

62 21 31 52 420 11 62 41 31 52 50 21

26 12 13 25 24 11 26 14 13 25 5 12

h¿WkwssJyx ˛ (Ch) A£ckwJybn¬ --

tajmZo\mw ˛ taSw XpSßnb cminIfnse

lnamwtimx. ˛ N{μs‚

arXyp`mKmx {]ZnjvSm ˛ arXyp`mKIfmIp∂p.

N{μ≥ Cu `mKIfn¬ \n¬°ptºmƒ P\n®m¬ --Bbp p- mhn√.

(11)

Zm\w t[t\m cp{Z cu{Zo aptJ\

`mtKym `m\p tKm{XPmbm \tJ\

]p{Xo \nXyw arXyp `mKmx {ItaW

tajmZo\mw tXjp PmtXm KXmbpx.

arXyp`mKIƒ (e·m¬) taSw CShw anYp\ I¿° Nnßw I∂n Xpe hr›n [\p aIcw Ipw`w ao\w

Zm\w t[t\m cp{Z cu{Zn aptJ\ `mtKym `m\p tKm{X Pmb \tJ\ ]p{Xo \nXy

80 90 22 22 520 41 40 32 81 020 12 01

8 9 22 22 25 14 4 23 18 20 21 10

tajmZo\mw {ItaW ˛ (Ch) {IaØn¬ -- taSw XpSßnb cminIfpsS

 219

arXyp `mKmx ˛ arXyp `mKIfmIp∂p.

tXjp PmtXm KXmbpx. ˛ Cu cmin`mK߃ DZn°ptºmƒ P\n®mepw

Bbp p- mhn√.

(12)

ct{‘ tIt{μjp ]mss]cpZb\n[\ssK¿˛

hmY e·mkvXtbm¿hm

et· f _vtP thm{Kat≤y hybarXncn]ptK

Zp¿_te ioX`m\u

£otWμu km ipt` hm X\paZKpcp[o-˛

`mPn c{‘mkvXtKmss{K¿˛

arXypx kymZmip tIt{μ \ bZn (1) ip`JKmx

kZypXnx ho£Ww hm.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: X]kn ˛ HºXnepw

1 ct{‘ tIt{μjp ]mss] ˛ F´nepw tI{μßfnepw ]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pI;

2 DZb \n[\ssK ˛ e·Ønepw F´nepw ]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pI;

3 hm AY e· AkvXtbmx ˛ As√¶n¬ e·Ønepw Ggnepw ]m]∑m¿

4 et· A_vtP D{Kat≤y ˛ e·Ønt‚bpw N{μt‚bpw Ccphihpw

5 hybarXncn]ptK Zp¿_te ioX`m\u ˛ Zp¿∫e\mb N{μ≥ 12˛8˛6 `mhßfn¬

6 £otWμu ˛ £oWN{μ≥

k Aipt` ˛ ]m]{KlßtfmSpIqSn

X\p aZ Kpcp [o`mPn ˛ 1˛7˛9˛5 Cu `mhßfn¬ \n¬°pI;

7 c{‘ AkvXtKmss{Kx ˛ 8˛7 `mhßfn¬ ]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pI;

arXyp kymXv Bip ˛˛ Chsb√mw inipacWw kqNn∏n°p∂hbmWv.

F∂m¬˛˛

1 tIt{μ bZn ip`JKmx ˛ tI{μßßfn¬ --(HºXnepw?) ip`{Kl߃

\n¬°pItbm

2 kZypXnx ho£Ww hm ˛ (e·w, N{μ≥, ]m]{Klw Chbv°p)

\ ˛ Cßs\ kw`hn°pIbn√ .

(13)

Pt∑tim f Y hne·t]m bZn `th±pkvtYm f _tem h’ssc˛

kvX{Zmin {]anssX› amcbXn X∑mssk¿ZrKmWm[n]x

Awtitim ZnhsskkvXYm bZn arXn¿ Zzn{XymZntbmKm≥ _lq˛

\mtemNy {]htZXv kpXmjvSaKssXx ]mss]ccnjvSw intimx.

1 Pt∑i AY hne·t]m ˛ N{μe·m[n]≥ / e·m[n]≥

bZn `thXv Zpÿ A_e ˛ _elo\\mbnZpÿm\Øp(6--˛8-˛12) \n∂m¬

h¬kssc XXv cmin {]anssX› ˛ B Zpÿm\cmin°p Xpeyamb

h’cØn¬ (hb n¬)

(taSw 1, CShw 2....F∂ {IaØn¬)

amcbXn ˛ inip acn°mw.

2 X∑msskx ZrKmWm[n]x ˛ t{Z°mWm[n]≥ A{]Imcw \n¬°pIbm

sW¶n¬ B cmin°p Xpeyamb amkØnepw

Awtitim Znhsskx XYm ˛ AwiI\mY≥ Aßs\bmsW¶n¬

 220

B cmin°p Xpeyamb ZnhkØnepw

arXnx ˛ inip acn°mw.

3 Zzn{XmZntbmKm≥ _lq≥ ˛ (Ip´nbpsS P\\Øn¬) Cu tbmKw ct- m

aqt∂m AXne[nItam ImWp∂psh¶n¬

4 kpX AjvSa KssXx ]mss]x AcnjvSw intimx.

˛ A©nepw F´nepw ]m]∑m¿ \n∂m¬ Ip´n°v AcnjvSap- mIpw.

(14)

et·tμmkvXZ[oitbmc]n antYm et·ict{‘itbm¿˛

t{Z°mWmXv kz\hmwiImZ]n anY kvXZzmZimwimXv {IamXv

Bbp¿Zo¿Lkam¬]Xmw Nc\KhywssK›tc f Yÿntc

{_qbm±zμNcÿnssXcp`bt`Zÿmkv\p ZzntZlmSss\.

e·w, N{μ≥ XpSßnbhbpsS

Nc˛ÿnc˛D`b cminIfnse ÿnXn A\pkcn®v

Zo¿L˛ka˛A¬] Bbp pIƒ

et·tμm -XZ[oitbmx A]n anYx ˛ e·m[n]\pw N{μe·m[n]\pw --

t{Z°mWmXv kz\hmwiImXv ˛ t{Z°mWØnepw \hmwiØnepw

et·i ct{‘itbmx ˛ e·m[n]\pw AjvSam[n]\pw

XXv ZzmZimwimXv ˛ ZzmZimwiØnepw (\n∂m¬)

{IamXv ˛ {IaØn¬

Zo¿L ka A¬]Xmw Bbpx ˛ (1) Zo¿L (2) ka (3) A¬∏ Bbp pIƒ

Nc \K ... ˛ Nc˛ÿnc˛D`bcminIƒ°\pkcn®p

Cu t«mIw Zp¿{KlambXn\memsW∂p tXm∂p∂p, CXns‚ hymJym\w \mep

]pkvXIßfn¬ \mepXcØnemWv ImWp∂Xv. Ahbn¬ --s]mXphmbn ImWp∂Xv aq∂p

\nbaßfmWv:

(1) e·m[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ t{Z°mWhpw N{μe·m[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ t{Z°mWhpw

XΩnep≈ Nc˛ÿnc˛D`b _‘w,

(2) e·m[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ \hmwihpw N{μe·m[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ \hmwihpw

XΩnep≈ Nc˛ÿnc˛D`b _‘w,

(3) e·m[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ ZzmZimwihpw AjvSam[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ ZzmZimwihpw

CXp sh®v, Hcp Ip´nbpsS Bbp v Zo¿Ltam, a≤ytam, A¬--∏tam F--∂dnbp∂ Xn\v

(1) (2) (3)

e·m[n]≥ N{μe·m[n]≥ ^ew

\n¬°p∂ \n¬°p∂

t{Z°mWw/ t{Z°mWw/

\hmwiw \hmwiw

1. Ncw Ncw Zo¿Lmbp v

Ncw ÿncw a≤ymbp v

Ncw D`bw A¬]mbp v

 221

2. ÿncw D`b Zo¿Lmbp v

ÿncw Ncw a≤ymbp v

3. D`bw ÿncw Zn¿Lmbp v

D`bw D`bw a≤ymbp v

D`bw Ncw Aev]mbp v

DZmlcWw (t{Z°mWÿnXn) e·t{Z°mWw Ncw + N{μt{Z°mWw Ncw = Zo¿Lmbp v

+ N{μt{Z°mWw ÿncw = a≤ymbp v

+ N{μt{Z°mWw D`bw = A¬∏mbp v

e·t{Z°mWw ÿncw + N{μt{Z°mWw D`bw = Zo¿Lmbp v

+ N{μt{Z°mWw Ncw = a≤ymbp v

+ N{μt{Z°mWw ÿncw = A¬∏mbp v

e·t{Z°mWw D`bw + N{μt{Z°mWw ÿncw = Zo¿Lmbp v

+ N{μt{Z°mWw D`bw = a≤ymbp v

+ N{μt{Z°mWw Ncw = A¬∏mbp v

(15)

e·m[oiip`mx {IamZv _lpkam¬]mbpjn tI{μmZnKmx

ct{‘tim{KJKmkvXYm bZn KXm hykvXw hnZ[ypx ^ew

Pt∑imjvSa\mYtbmcpZb]—nt{Zitbm¿ssa{XntXm

`mkz√·]tbm›ncmbpclntX f ev]mbpx kta a[yax.

1 e·m[oi ip`mx {IamZv ˛ e·m[n]Xnbpw ip`∑mcpw {IaØn¬˛

tI{μmZnKmx ˛ tI{μw XpSßnbhbn¬ \n∂m¬

_lp ka A¬]mbpjn tI{μmZnKmx ˛ Zo¿Lmbp v. (tI{μw)

a≤ymbp v (]W]cw)

A¬]mbp v (Bt]m¢naw)

2 ct{‘tim D{KJKmx kvXZm bZn KXm˛ AjvSam[n]Xnbpw]m]{Klßfpw

Aßns\ \n∂m¬

hykvXw hnZ[ypx ^ew ˛ ew adn®mbncn°pw. AXmbXv˛˛

tI{μØn¬ \n∂m¬ A¬]mbp v

]W]cØn¬ \n∂m¬ a≤ymbp v.

Bt]m¢naØn¬ \n∂m¬ Zo¿Lmbp v

3 Pt∑i AjvSa\mYtbm ˛ N{μe·m[n]\pw AXns‚ AjvSam[n]\pw

Ωnepw

DZb] Ont{Zitbmx ssa{XntXm ˛ DZbe·m[n]\pw AXns‚ AjvSam[n]\pw

XΩnepw

`mkzXv e·]tbm ˛ chnbpw e·m[n]\pw XΩnepw

ssa{XnX .. Nncmbp ˛ kplrØp°fmbncp∂m¬ Zo¿Lmbp pw

ssa{XnX .. clntX ˛ i{Xp°fmbncp∂m¬ A¬∏mbp pw

ssa{XnX .. kta ˛ ka∑mcmbncp∂m¬ a≤ymbp pw ^ew.

 222

(16)

e·m[nt]m e·\hmwi\mbtIm

Pt∑iztcm P∑\hmwi\mbIm

kzkzmjvStaimZyXn tNZv _em\zntXm

Zo¿Lmbpjkyp¿hn]coXa\yYm..

e·m[nt]m ˛ e·m[n]≥

e·\hmwi\mbtIm ˛ e·\hmwim[n]≥

Pt∑iztcm ˛ N{μe·m[n]≥

P∑\hmwi\mbtIm ˛ N{μ\hmwim[n]≥

kz kz AjvStaimXv bZn tNXv _em\zntXm ˛ Ch¿°v AhchcpsS

AjvSam[n]t\°mƒ _eaps- ¶n¬

Zo¿Lmbpjkypx ˛ Zo¿Lmbp mbncn°pw.

hn]coXa\yYm. ˛ _eans√¶n¬ ^ew hn]coXw

(A¬∏mbp v).

(17)

et·izcmZXn_eo \n[t\iztcm f ku

tI{\ÿntXm \n[\cnx^KssX› ]mss]x

Xkymbpc¬]aYhm bZn a[yambp˛

cp’mlk¶ShimXv ]cambtcXn.

et·izcmZXn_eo \n[t\iztcmku ˛ e·m[n]t\°mƒ _eap≈ AjvSam[n]≥

tI{\ÿntXm ˛ tI{μØn¬ \n¬°pIbpw

\n[\cnx^KssX› ]mss]x ˛ e·Øns‚ F´nepw ]{¥- nepw ]m]nIƒ

\n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬

Xky Bbp A¬]w ˛ Ah\v A¬]mbp mbncn°pw.

AYhm bZn a[yambp -˛ C\n AYhm a≤ymbp msW¶nepw

D’ml k¶S himXv ]cambptcXn. ˛ D’mlw, k¶Sw F∂nhsIm- √msX

Zo¿Lmbp p- mIp∂X√.

]e `mjIƒ {]NmcØneps- ¶nepw --thZ\n°p∂ a\ ns‚ s]m≈p∂ `mjtb

Cuizc\nseØq. s]m≈p∂ Cu `mj kwPmXamIm\p≈ GIam¿§w s\©pcp°p∂

ZpcnXm\p`hamWv. thZ\bptSXpam{Xamb Cu A\p`hw `‡nt°m ⁄m\Ønt\m

ImcWamImw. \√ `‡t\ \√ ⁄m\nbmIm≥ Ignbp. c- pw AhbpsS ]mcayXbn¬ --

Xncn®dnhnseØn°pIbpw sNøpw. D’mlw ]cn{iaamWv; k¶Sw thZ\m\p`hhpw.

at{¥izc≥ tPymXnj]finX≥ am{Xambncp∂n√, XnI™ Hcp XXz⁄m\n IqSnbm

bncp∂psh∂Xn\p thsd sXfnhpIƒ Bhiyan√.

(18)

\tcm f ¬]mbp¿tbmtK {]Ya`KtW \iyXn it\¿˛

ZznXotb a≤ymbpcyZn `hXn Zo¿Lmbpjn kXn

XrXotb \ncymWw kv^pSPi\nKp¿h¿I lnaKq≥

Zimw `q‡nw IjvSma]n hZXp \n›nXy kpaXnx.

 223

\cx A¬]mbp¿tbmtK ˛ A¬--]mbp¿tbmKØn¬ -- P\n®m¬ --

it\x {]Ya`KtW \iyXn ˛ i\nbpsS BZy`KWØn¬ -- acn°pw.

ZznXotb a≤ymbp blnZn`hXn ˛ a≤mbp msW¶n¬ c- masØ

`KWØnepw

Zo¿Lmbpjn XrXotb \ncymWw ˛ Zo¿Lmbp msW¶n¬

aq∂masØ `KWØnepw acn°pw.

kv^pSP i\n Kpcp A¿° lnaKq≥ ˛ kv^pSam°nb i\n, hymgw, chn, N{μ≥

ChcpsS ZiIƒ IrXyam°n

Zimw `q‡nw IjvSma]n hZXn \n›nXy kpaXnx. ˛ IjvSamb Zitbbpw `p‡ntbbpw

Adn™n´p thWw ssZh⁄≥ C{]Imcw

Bbp¿\n¿Æbw \SØm≥.

`KWw ChnsS -- cminN{IØneqsSbp≈ {Klk©mcamWv. i\nbpsS `KWw GI

tZiw ap∏Xp h¿jw hcpw. P\\kabØp \n∂nSØpXs∂ i\n BZyambn Xncn

s®Øp∂XmWv BZy`KWw. F∂m¬ DØtc¥y≥ hymJym\߃ {]Imcw i\n,

hymgw, chn, N{μ≥ ChcpsS {Klkv^pS߃ Iq´n°n´p∂ cminbmWv `KWw.

(19)

k]mt]m et·tim chnlXcpNn¿\oNcn]ptKm

bZm ZpkvYmt\jp ÿnXnap]KtXm tKmNchimXv

X\u hm XtZymtKm bZn \n[\amlpkvX\`rXmw

\hmwimt{Z°mWm—nincIce·mZ]n htZXv.

k]mt]m ˛ ]m]tbmKw

chnlXcpNn \oN cn]ptKm ˛ auVyw, \oNÿnXn, i{Xpt£{XÿnXn

XpSßnb _e£bßfp≈

et·tim ˛ e·m[n]Xn

bZm D]KtXm tKmNchimXv ˛ tKmNcØn¬

ZpkvYmt\jp ÿnXnw .. ˛ Zpÿm\w (6˛8˛12), e·w, e·\hmwiw,

e·t{Z°mWw, N{μe·w Chbn¬ --

\n[\amlp ˛ k©cn°ptºmƒ acWw kw`hn°pw

(20)

iio XZmcqV{Klm[n]›

e·m[n\mY› bZm {Xtbm f ao

KpWm[nImx kZv{KlZrjvSnbp‡m

KpWm[nIw Xw IYb¥n Imew.

iio XZmcqV{Klm[n]› e·m[n\mY› bZm {Xtbmao

˛ (PmXIØn¬) N{μ≥, N{μe·m[n]≥, e·m[n]≥ F∂o ap∂p {Kl߃°pw

KpWm[nImx ˛ (ÿnXnbn¬) KpWm[nIyhpw (_ehpw)

kZv{KlZrjvSnbp‡ ˛ kZv{KlßfpsS ZrjvSnbpw Ds- ¶n¬

KpWm[nIw Xw Ieb¥n Imew. ˛ AXv (B Ip´nbpsS Bbp n\pw)

KpWIcamIp∂p.

 224

(21)

e·m[nt]m f Xn_ehm\ipss`cZrjvSx

tI{μÿnXx ip`JssKchtemIyam\x

arXypw hnlmb hnZ[mXn kpZo¿Lambpx

km¿≤w KpssW¿_lp`ncq¿PPnXcmPe£vaym

Aipss` AZrjvS ˛ ]m]ZrjvSn C√msX

tI{μÿnX ˛ tI{μÿnXntbmsS

ip`JssK AhtemIyam\mx ˛ ip`ZrjvSntbmsS \n¬ --°p∂

e·m[n] AXn_ehm≥ ˛ _ehm\mb e·m[n]≥

arXypw hnlmb ˛ (AIme) acWsØ AI‰n

KpssW_lp`n ˛ hfsc KpWm\p`hßtfmsS

Du¿PPnX cmPe£vaym. ˛ sFiycytØmsS

hnZ[mXn k Zo¿Lambpx ˛ Zo¿Lmbp p \¬-Ip∂p.

(22)

k¿hmXnimøXn_ex kv^pcZwipPmtem

et· ÿnXx {]iatbXv kpccmPa{¥o

GtIm _lq\n ZpcnXm\n kpZpkvXcmWn

`‡ym {]bp‡ Ch N{I[tc {]Wmax.

k¿hmXnimbn kpccmPa{¥o ˛ k¿hmXnimbnbmb tZhKpcp

AXn_ex ˛ _ehm\mbn

kv^pZwipPmtem ˛ sXfn™ civanItfmsS

et· ÿnXx ˛ e·Øn¬ \n∂m¬

`‡ym {]bp‡ Ch N{I[c {]Wma ˛ N{I[c\mbalmhnjvWphns\{]Wan°p∂Xv

F{]Imcw ^e{]ZamtWm, A{]Imcw

GtIm _lq\n ZpcnXm\n -kpZpkvXcmWn ˛ H‰bmtbm Iq´amtbm hcp∂Zp¿LSßfmb

ZpcnXßsfsb√mw

{]iatbXv ˛ ian∏n°p∂p.

(23)

aq¿tØkv{XntImWmKaI- tIjp

choμpPoh¿£\hmwikwÿx

kpI¿ΩIr∂nXyatijtZmjm≥

apjvWmXn h¿≤njvWpc\pjvWcivanx.

A\pjvWcivanx aq¿tØ ˛ N{μ≥ e·m¬

{XntImWm BKa I- tIjp

˛ {XntImWßfntem(5, 9) ]Xns\m∂ntem (11), tI{μßfntem (1, 4, 7, 10),

cho Cμpp Poh¿£ \hmwikwÿx

˛ chn, N{μ≥, Kpcp ChcpsS cminIƒ (Nnßw, I¿°SIw, [\p, ao\w) \hmwi amtbm

\n∂m¬

apjvWmXn h¿[njvWp ˛ tZmjßsf C√mXm°n k¬^eßsf h¿≤n∏n°pw.

 225

(24)

tI{μ{XntImW\n[t\jp \ bky ]m]m

eKv\m[n]x kpcKpcp› NXpjvSbÿu

`p‡zm kpJm\n hnhn[m\n kp]pWyI¿am

Poth® h’ciXw k hnap‡tcmKx.

tI{μ {XntImW \n[t\jp \ bky ]m]m

˛ BcpsS PmXIØnemtWm --tI{μßfnepw {XntImWßfnepw AjvSaØnepw

]m]∑m¿ C√mØXv;

e·m[n]x kpcKpcp› NXpjvSbÿu

˛ (BcpsS PmXIØnemtWm) e·m[n]\pw hymghpw tI{μØn¬ \n¬°p∂Xv;

kp]pWyI¿am ˛ (CXp c- pap≈) ]pWyhm\mb Ah≥

`p‡zm kpJm\n hnhn[m\n ˛ hfsc kpJßsf A\p`hn®v

hnap‡tcmK ˛ BtcmKyhm\mbn

PothXv h’ciXw ˛ \qdp h¿jw Pohn®ncn°pw.

(25)

{io]XypZocnXZim`ncYmjvSh¿§m˛

ZyXv ImeN{IZitbmUpZim{]ImcmXv

kayIv kv^pSm`nlXtbm {Inbbm f ]vXhmIym˛

cmbp¿_pt[m hZXp `qcn]co£bm N.

{io]Xn DZocnX Zim`nx ˛ {io]Xnbm¬ ]dbs∏´n´p≈ ZiIƒ

AjvSh¿§mXv ˛ AjvSh¿§Zi

ImeN{IZi ˛ ImeN{IZi

DUpZim {]ImcmXv ˛ \£{XZi XpSßnb Zimk{ºZmb߃

kayIv kv^pSm`nlXtbm {Inbbm ˛ kv^pS{Inb (Bbp¿§WnXw)

B]vXhmIymXv ˛ (Cu hnjbØnep≈) B]vXhmIy߃

XpSßnbhsb√mw ]cnKWn®pw

`qcn]co£bm ˛ hfsc {i≤n®pw

Bbpx _pt[m hZXp ˛ _p[∑m¿ Bbp p ]dbWw.

226 

A≤ymbw 14

tcmKw, acWw, Ign™ P∑w, ASpØ P∑w (1)

tcmKky Nn¥ma]n tcmK`mh˛

ÿnssX¿{Kssl¿hm hybarXypkwssÿx

tcmtKizcmWma]n XZ\znssX¿hm

Zzn{XymZn kwhmZhimZv hZ¥p.

1. tcmK`mhÿnssXx {Ksslx ˛ Bdn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw

hybarXypkwssÿx ˛ ]{¥- ,v F´v `mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂

{Kl߃

tcmtKizcmWma]n ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]≥

XZ\znssX¿hm ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]t\mSpIqSn \n¬°p∂

{Kl߃

tcmKky Nn¥ma]n ˛ (Chscs°m- p thWw) tcmKNn¥ sNøm≥.

2 Zzn{XymZn kwhmZhimZv hZ¥p. ˛ CXn¬Øs∂ ct- m aqt∂m AXn¬-

°qSpXtem, tcmKkm≤yX kqNn∏n°p∂

{Klßfps- ¶n¬ B {IaØnepw --

tcmKNn¥ sNøWw.

A≤ymbw 1, t«mIw 13 {]Imcw tcmKÿm\w Bdmw`mhamWv. AX\pkcn®v,

Bdmw`mhm[n]≥, Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚IpsS \n¬--°p∂ {Kl߃, 6˛8˛12 Ifn¬ \n¬

--°p∂ {Kl߃ F∂nh tcmKImcWamImw. Htcm {Klhpw AhbpsS [¿Ωa\pkcn

®p≈ tcmKsØbmWv kqNn∏n°pI.

(2)

]ntØmjvWPzcXm]tZlX]\m(1)]kvamclrXvt{ImUP

hym[ov\z‡n chn¿ZrKm¿Xycn`bw XzKvtZmjaÿn{kpXnw

ImjvTm·ykv{Xhnjm¿Øn ZmcX\bhym]®Xpjv]mZv`bw

tNmc£vam]Xn[¿atZh^W`rZv`qtXi`qXw (2) `bw.

]mTt`Zw: (1) tZl]X\w (2) `qXmZv `bw

 227

1. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw kqcy≥ BsW¶n¬:--˛˛ 1. ]ntØmjvWPzcXm]tZlX]\m(1)]kvamclrXvt{ImUPhym[ov≥....

]nØw DjvWw

Pzcw ˛ ]\n

Xm]w ˛ DjvWw

tZlX]\w - ˛ Np´p\o‰w

(tZl]X\w ˛ icocw hogvN ˛ kμ¿`Øn\p tbmPn°p∂n√.)

A]kvamcw

lrXvt{ImUPhym[n ˛ lrt{ZmKw,s\©ptcmKw (t{ImUw˛s\©v)

2. ZrKm¿Xycn`bw XzKvtZmjaÿn{kpXnw...

ZrKm¿Øn ˛ t\{XtcmKw -

Acn`bw ˛ i{Xpieyw

XzKvtZmjw ˛ XzIv tcmKw

Aÿn{kpXnw ˛ Aÿn{{khWw ˛ Aÿn{kmhw

3. ImjvTm·ykv{Xhnjm¿Øn ZmcX\bhym]®Xpjv]mZv `bw

ImjvT A·n Akv{X hnj B¿Øn...˛ acs°mºv, A·n, Akv{Xw (Bbp[w), hnjw

Zmc X\b hym]Xv NXpjv]mZv`bw ˛ -`mcy, a°ƒ, \m¬°menIƒ

4. tNmc£vam]Xn[¿atZh^W`rZv`qtXi`qXw `bw.

tNmc £vam]Xn [¿atZh ^W`rZv `qtXi`qXw...

˛ I≈∑m¿, cmPmhv, [¿Ω-ssZhw, \mK-tZ-h-X, inh≥ / inh-`q-X-߃

apXembhcpsS im]w / tIm]waqew tcmKw / ZpcnXw/ `bw A\p`hn°pw.

(3)

\n{ZmekyI^mXnkmc]nSImx ioXPzcw N{μamx

{irwKy_vPmlXna·namμyacpNnw(1) tbmjnZvhyYmw Imanemw

tNXx {im¥nakrKznImcapZIm¤oXn© _me{KlmZv

Zp¿KmIn∂c[¿atZh^W`rZy£ym® `oXnw (2) htZXv.

]mTt`Zw: (1) IriXm. (2) ]oUmw

2. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw N{μ\msW¶n¬:--˛˛

1. \n{ZmekyI^mXnkmc]nSImx ioXPzcw N{μamx

\n{Z ˛ Dd°kw_‘-amb tcmK߃

Bekyw

I^w

AXnkmcw -˛ hb-dn-f°w

]nSI ˛ ]cp, Ipcp

ioXPzcw ˛ Hcp Xcw ]\n

2. {irwKy_vPmlXna·namμyacpNnw(1) tbmjnZvhyYmw Imanemw...

irwKn A_vPmlXn ˛ sImºp≈ arKßfpw PeP¥p°fpw aqew

A·namμyw ˛ Zl\°pdhv AcpNn ˛ cpNnbn√mbva

tbmjnZv hyYmw ˛ kv{Xo kw_-‘-amb ZpJ-߃

Imane ˛ a™-∏nØw

3. tNXx {im¥nakrKznImcapZIm¤oXn© _me{KlmZv

 228

tNXx {im¥n ˛ a\ n\p / _p≤n°p amμyw

AkrIv hnImc ˛ c‡-ZqjywsIm-- p≈ tcmK-߃

DZ-ImXv `oXn ˛ Pe`bw -- -

_me{KlmXv ˛ _me{Klw aqew

4. Zp¿Km In∂c [¿atZh ^W`rXv b£ymXv ....

˛ Zp¿§, In∂c≥, [¿ΩssZhw, \mKtZhX, b£≥. apXembhcpsS im]w /

tIm]waqew tcmKw / ZpcnXw/ `bw A\p`hn°pw.

(4)

XrjvWmkrt°m]]nØPzca\ehnjm˛

kv{Xm¿Xn IpjvTm£ntcmKm≥

Kpevam]kvamca÷mhnlXn]cpjXm˛

]manIm tZl`wKm≥

`q]mcnkvtX\]oUmwklPkpXkplr˛

ssZzcnbp≤w hn[sØ

ct£mK‘¿htLmc{Kl`bah\o˛

kq\p¿≤zmwKtcmKw.

3. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw IpP\msW¶n¬:--˛˛

1. XrjvWmkrt°m]]nØPzc....

XrjvWm ˛ AXnZmlw

AkrIv tIm]w ˛ c‡tZmjw

]nØPzcw ˛ ]nØ-kw-_-‘-amb ]\n

A\e hnj Akv{X B¿Øn ˛ A·n, hnjw, Akv{Xw

IpjvT A£ntcmKm≥ ˛ IpjvTw, t\{XtcmKw,

2. Kpevam]kvamca÷mhnlXn]cpjXm˛

Kpevaw ˛ Kp∑≥ (DZctcmKw)

A]kvamcw,

a÷mhnlXn ˛ a÷m\miw ]cpjXm ˛ am¿±-h-an-√mbva

]manIm ˛ sNmdn, Nncßv

tZl`wKw ˛ AwK-`wKw

3. `q]mcnkvtX\]oUmw...

`q]≥ ˛ cmPmhv,

Acn ˛ i{Xp,

kvtX\ ˛ Xkv°c≥

klP kpX kplrXv sshcnbp≤w˛ ktlmZc≥, a°ƒ, kplrØp°ƒ

(_‘p°ƒ)

4. ct£m K‘¿h tLmc{Kl.... ˛ c£ v, K‘¿Δ≥, tLmc{Klw

Du¿≤zmwKtcmKw. ˛ intcmtcmK߃ apXembhcpsS im]w / tIm]w aqew

tcmKw / ZpcnXw/ `bw A\p`hn°pw.

(5)

{`m¥nw Zp¿hN\w ZrKmabKf{LmtWm∞tcmKw Pzcw

]nØt«jvakaocPw hnja]n XzKvtZmj]mfizmabm≥

 229

Zpxkv]v\w N hnN¿NnIm·n]Xt\(1) ]mcpjy_‘{iam≥

K‘¿h£nXnl¿ayhmln`n-c]n (2) t⁄m h‡n ]oUmw {Ksslx.

]mTt`Zw:

(1) hnN¿®nImw \n]X\w

(2) K‘¿h£nXnl¿ayhmkn`n-c`nt⁄m

4. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw _p[\msW¶n¬:--˛˛

1. {`m¥nw Zp¿hN\w ZrKmabKf{LmtWm∞tcmKw

{`m¥nw ˛ am\-kn-I-hn-{`m¥n

Zp¿hN\w ˛ Zp¿`mjWw ZrKmabw ˛ t\{X-tcmKw

Kf{LmtWm∞ tcmKw ˛ IgpØn\pw aq°n\pw tcmKw,

Pzcw ˛ ]\n,

2. ]nØt«jvakaocPw hnja]n XzKvtZmj]mfizmabm≥

]nØt«jvakaocPw = ]nØ˛I^˛hmX ({XntZmj) tcmK߃

hnjw,

XzKvtZmjw ˛ Xzt{KmKw,

]mfizmabw ˛ ]m- ptcmKw

-3. Zpxkv]v\w N hnN¿NnIm·n]Xt\ ]mcpjy_‘{iam≥

Zpxkz]v\w

hnN¿NnIm ˛ sNmdn, Nncßv,

A·n]X\w ˛ A·n_m[, s]m≈¬

]mcpjyw _‘\w

{iaw ˛ A≤zm\w,

4. K‘¿h£nXnl¿ayhmkabp`nx t⁄m h‡n ]oUmw {Ksslx.

CXp icn°p a\- n-em-bn-√. hymJym-\-ßfnepw hyXym-k-ap-- v.

1. qan-bnepw amfn-I-I-fnepw hkn-°p∂ {Kl-ß-fpsS ]oU ˛˛ sIm√w]Xn∏v.

2. `qan-bn-ep≈ l¿ay-ß-fn¬ ([-\n-I-cpsS henb amfn-I-I-fn¬) ]m¿°p∂

In∂-cK-l-߃ _m[n-°pI ˛ sImSpß√q¿]Xn∏v.

(6)

Kp∑m{¥PzctimItamlI^Pt{im{Xm¿Xn talmabm≥

tZhÿm\\n[n{]]oU\alotZthiimt]mXv`hw

tcmKw In∂cb£tZh^W`rZznZym[cmZyp¤hw

Pohx kqNbXn kzbw _p[KpcpXvIrjvSm (1) ]Nmtcm¤hw.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: _p[Kpcp IrjvWm]Nm-tcm-¤hw

5. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw KpcphmsW¶n¬:--˛˛

1. Kp∑m{¥PzctimItamlI^Pt{im{Xm¿Xn talmabm≥

Kp∑w ˛ Kp¬aw - ˛ πol hepXmI¬ --

B{¥w ˛ B{¥tcmKw, B{¥hmbp, B{¥ho°w

Pzcw,

timIw,

tamlw - ˛ tamlm-e-kyw (t_m-[-£-bw)

I^P ˛ I^P\y tcmK߃,

 230

t{im{Xm¿Øn ˛ sNhn / tIƒhnkw_‘amb tcmK߃,

talmabm≥ ˛ {]talw

2. tZhÿm\\n[n{]]oU\alotZthiimt]mXv`hw...

˛tZhkz kw_-‘-amb {_m“Wim]w-aqew

3. In∂c b£ tZh ^W`rXv hnZym[cmZn...

˛ In∂c≥, b£≥, tZh≥, k¿∏w, hnZym[c∑m¿

4. _p[KpcpXvIrjvSm]Nmc..

˛ ⁄m\n-Iƒ, Kpcp\mY-∑m¿, DXvIr-jvS-cm-b-h¿ ({]m-b-°q-Sp-X-ep-≈-h¿)

apXembhcpsS im]w / tIm]w aqew tcmKw / ZpcnXw/ `bw A\p`hn°pw.

..IrjvWm]Nm-tcm-¤hw F∂ ]mTØns‚ hymJym\w:

_p[≥ A\n-jvS-ÿm-\-ÿn-X-\m-bmepw hymgw A\n-jvS-ÿ-\m-bmepw IrjvWs\

BN-cn-°m-Ø-Xn-\mtem hn]-co-X-ambn BN-cn-®-Xn-\mtem D≈ tZmjw tcmK-I-c-W-am-Ip-

∂p-sh∂p ]d-b-Ww.

(7)

]mfip t«jvaacpXv{]tIm] \b\hym]Xv {]talmabm≥

Kplymkymab aq{XIr{O aZ\hym]Øn ip¢{kpXnw

hmckv{XoIrX (1) tZlIm¥nhnlXw timjmabw (2) tbmKn\o˛

b£oamXrKWmZv`bw {]nbkplr¤wKw knXx kqNtbXv

]mTt`Zw: (1) hmkkv{XoIrjn (2) tim^mabw

6. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw ip{I\msW¶n¬:--˛˛

1. ]mfip t«jvaacpXv{]tIm] \b\hym]Xv {]talmabm≥

]mfip ˛ ]m- ptcmKw, hnf¿®

t«jva acpXv {]tIm]w ˛ I^ hmX tZmj߃

\b\ hym]Xv ˛ t\{XtcmKw

{]talmabm≥ ˛ {]talw

2. Kplymkymabaq{XIr{OaZhym]Ønip¢{kpXnw

Kply Bky Bab ˛ KplytcmKßfpw apJ-tcm-K-ßfpw

aq{XIr{Ow ˛ aq{X-X-S w

aZ\hym]Øn ˛ ssewKn-I- {]iv\-߃

ip¢{kpXnw ˛ ip¢{kmhw 3. hmckv{XoIrXtZlIm¥nhnlXw timjmabw hmckv{XoIrXtZlIm¥n hnlXw thiymkwk¿§w-aqew tZlIm¥n \jvSs∏SpI

timjmabw -˛ saen®n¬, £b-tcmKw

--4. tbmKn\o b£o amXrKWmZ`bw ˛ tbmKn\n, b£n, amXrKW߃

{]nb kplr¤wKw

˛ {]nbkplrØns‚ \jvSw, acWw apXembh aqew

tcmKw / ZpcnXw/ `bw A\p`hn°pw.

]mTt`Z߃:

(1) hmkkv{XoIrjn ˛ hkv{X-߃ Iodntbm at‰m \in-°p-Itbm

ImWm-Xm-hp-Itbm sNbvI, `mcym-\m-iw, Irj-n\jvSw

(2) tim^mabw -˛ icocw \ocph∂p ho¿°pI

˛˛ {Klhpw kμ¿`-hpambn Ch c- pw HØp-t]m-Ip-∂n-√.

 231

(8)

hmXt«jvahnImc ]mZhnlXn hym]Øn X{μo {iam≥

{`m¥nw Ip£ncpK¥cpjvW `qXI≤zwkw N ]izmlXnw

`mcym]p{Xhn]ØnawKhnlXnw lrØm]a¿ImfltPm

hr£miva£Xnaml IivaeKssWx ]oUmw ]nimNmZn`nx.

7. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw i\nbmsW¶n¬:--˛˛

1. hmXt«jvahnImc]mZhnlXnhym]ØnX{μo{iam≥

hmX ˛ t«jva hnImc ˛ hmXI^tcmK߃

]mZhnlXn ˛ ]mZ\jvSw (]wKp Hm¿°p-I)

hym]Øn ˛ B]-Øp-Iƒ, A]-I-S-߃

X{μo {iam≥ ˛ Bekyw, A≤zm\w

{`m¥nw Ip£ncpK¥cpjvW `qXI≤zwkw N ]izmlXnw

{`m¥nw ˛ hn{`m-¥n, {`m¥v,

Ip£ncpIv ˛ hb-dp-th-Z\

A¥cpjvW ˛ Dƒ®qSv

`qXI≤zwkw -˛ `r-Xy-\miw

]izmlXnw ˛ ]ip\miw

`mcym]p{Xhn]ØnawKhnlXnw lrØm]..

`mcym ]p{X hn]Øn ˛ `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw B]Øv

AwKhnlXnw ˛ AwK`wKw

lrØm] ˛ at\mthZ\

hr£miva£Xnaml

hr£ Aiva £Xnw ˛ acw / I√psIm- p apdnhv

IivaeKssWx ]oUmw ]nimNmZn`nx

.˛ ZpjvSi‡nIfptSbpw ]nim-Np-°-fp-tSbpw ]oU, D]-{Zhw

(9)

kz¿`m\p lrZnXm] (1) IpjvThnjahym[o≥ hnjw Ir{Xnaw

]mZm¿Ønw N ]nimN]∂K`bw `mcymX\qPm]Zw

{_“£{X (2) hntcm[i{XpP`bw tIXpkvXp kwkqNtbXv

t{]tXm∞© `bw hnjw N KpfntIm tZlm¿Øn (1) amiuNPw.

]mTt`Zw: (1) X\pXm] (2) {_“-t£{X (3) k¿∏m¿Øn

8. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw cmlphmsW¶n¬:--˛˛

1. lrZnXm]IpjvThnjahym[o≥ hnjw Ir{Xnaw

lrZnXm]w ˛ at\m-Zp-Jw, D≈n¬ Xo

IpjvTw

hnjahym[o≥ ˛ hn-ja (H∂p as‰m-∂n\p hncp≤amb) tcmK߃,

hnjw Ir{Xnaw ˛ kzm`m-hn-I-a-√mØ hnjw

 232

2. ]mZm¿Ønw N ]nimN]∂K`bw `mcymX\qPm]Zw

]mZm¿Ønw ˛ ]mZtcmKw,

]nimN]∂K`bw ˛ ]nimNp`bw, k¿∏`bw,

`mcymX\qPm]Zw ˛ `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw B]Øv

9. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw tIXphmsW¶n¬:--˛

{_“£{Xhntcm[i{XpP`bw...

{_“£{Xhntcm[w ˛ {_m“Wcpw £{Xnbcpambp≈ hntcm[w,

i{XpP`bw ˛ i{Xp°fn¬\n∂p-ap≈ `bw

10. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw KpfnI\msW¶n¬:--˛

t{]tXm∞© `bw hnjw N tZlm¿ØnamiuNPw

t{]tXm∞w ˛ t{]X_m[

hnjw ˛ hnj`bw,

tZlm¿Øn ˛ tcmK-߃

BiuNPw ˛ ]pe / hmembva

(th-- -s∏-´-h-cmtcm acn-°p-sa∂pw kqN-\.)

(10)

aμmcm\znXho£ntX hyb[t\

N{μmcpWu Nm£ncpIv˛

iucymbmwKnctkm bamcklnXm

ZrjvSm bZn t{im{XcpIv

tkmt{K ]©at` `thZpZccp˛

{K{‘mcn \mYm\zntX

XZz’]vXass\[t\ kKpZcpIv

ipt{I f Y Kplymabw.

1 aμ Bc A\znX ho£ntX - ˛ i\n, IpP≥ ChcpsS tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm

D≈

hyb [t\ ˛ ]{¥- ntem c- ntem \n¬°p∂

N{μ AcpWu ˛ N{μkqcy∑m¿

A£ncpIv ˛ t\{XtcmKw (kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂p).

2 iucyw Bbw ˛ aq∂,v ]Xns\m∂v `mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂

BwKnck ˛ hymgØn\v

ba Bc klnXm ZrjvSm ˛ i\nIpP∑mcpsS tbmKtam

ZrjvSntbm D- m-bm¬

t{im{XcpIv ˛ I¿ÆtcmKw

3 tkmt{K ]©at` `thXv DZccpIv ˛ A©mw `mhØn¬ ]m]{Kl߃

\n∂m¬ DZctcmKap- mIpw.

 233

4 c{‘ Acn \mYm\zntX ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]\pw Bdmw`mhm[n]\pw

k]vXa ss\[t\ ˛ ({I-a-Øn¬) Ggnepw F´nepw \n∂m¬

KpZcpIv ˛ KpZtcmKw

6 k]vXa ss\[t\ ipt{IY ˛ ip{I≥ C{]-Imcw Ggntem F´ntem

\n∂m¬

Kplymabw ˛ Kply-tcm-Kw.

(11)

jjvtT f ¿t° f ]yYhmjvSta Pzc`bw

`uta N tItXm {hWw

ipt{I KplycpPw £bw kpcKpcu

atμ N hmXmabw

cmlu `ua(1) \nco£ntX N ]nSImw

tkμu i\u KpevaPw

£otWμu Pet`jp ]m]klntX

X’vtY f w_ptcmKw £bw.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: aμ\nco£ntX

jjvtT AYhm AjvSta ˛ Bdntem F´ntem

1 A¿t° Pzc`bw ˛ kqcy≥ \n∂m¬ Pzc`bw.

2 `uta N tItXm {hWw ˛ IpPt\m tIXpthm \n∂m¬ {hWw

3 ipt{I KplycpPw ˛ ip{I≥ \n∂m¬ KplytcmKw

4 £bw kpcKpcu ˛ hymgw \n∂m¬ £bw

5 atμ hmXmabw ˛ i\n \n∂m¬ hmXtcmKw

6 cmlu `ua\nco£ntX ]nSImw ˛ IpPZrjvSntbmsS cmlp \n∂m¬ Ipcp°ƒ

7 kCμu i\u KpevaPw ˛ N{μt\mSpIqsS i\n \n∂m¬ Kpevaw

8 £otWμu Pet`jp ]m]klntX˛ £oWN{μ≥ ]m]tcmSpIqsS

PecminIfn¬ \n∂m¬

Aw_ptcmKw £bw ˛ PetZmjw, £bw.

(12)

PmtXm K—Xn tb\ tI\ acWw

ht£y f Y XXvImcWw

c{‘ssÿkvXZth£ssI¿_ehXm

Xtkym‡tcmssK¿arXnx

c{‘¿t£m‡cpPmYhm arXn]Xn˛

{]m]vX¿£tZmtjW hm

ct{‘ti\ Jc{Xn`mK]Xn\m

arXypw htZ∂n›nXw.

1 c{‘ssÿx ˛ F´n¬ -- \n¬°p∂ {Klw

XXv Ath£ssI ˛ F´ntebv°p t\m°p--∂ {Klw

_ehXm ˛ Chbn¬ tZmj_ew IqSpXep≈

{KltatXm

 234

Xky D‡ ˛ AXn\p ]d-™n-´p≈

tcmssK arXn ˛ tcmKw acWImcWamIpw.

2 c{‘¿£ D‡ cpP ˛ F´n\p ]d™ tcmKw

AYhm ˛ As√-¶n¬

arXn]Xn {]m]vX¿£ ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂

cmin°p (cm-iym-[n-]-\p)

tZmtjW hm ˛ ]d™ tcmKw sIm- v (a-c-Ww)

3 ct{‘ti\ ˛ F´mw `mhm[n]\p ]d™ tcmKwsImt- m

Jc{Xn`mK]Xn\m ˛ Ccp]Ønc- mw t{Z°mWm[n]\p

]d™ tcmKwsImt- m

arXypw htZXv \n›nXw ˛ acWw \n›n-X-am-sW∂p ]d-bWw

(13)

{KtlW bpt‡ (1) \n[t\ XZp‡˛

tcmssK¿arXn¿hmY XZo£Iky (2)

{Kssl¿hnapt‡ \n[t\ f Y (3) Xky

cmtix kz`mthmZnXtZmjPmXm.

]mTt`Zw: (1) ZrjvtS (2) XZm{inXky (3) \n[t\izcky

1 \n[t\ ˛ F´mw `mhØn¬

- {KtlW bpt‡m ˛ {Klw \n¬°p∂ps- ¶n¬

XZp‡tcmssKx arXnx ˛ B {Klw kqNn∏n°p∂ tcmKwsIm- p

acWw (kw`hn°mw.)

F´n¬ {Kl-ß-fn-s√-¶n¬--˛˛

2 XXv Cu£Iky ˛ F´ntebv°p t\m°p∂

{KlØns‚ (tcmKhpw acWImcWamImw.)

Cu ]d-™ -hn-[-Øn-ep≈˛˛

3 {Ksslx hnapss‡x \n[t\ ˛ {Kl-km-∂n-≤y-sam-∂p-an-s√-¶n¬

Xky cmtix kz`mthmZnXtZmjPmXw.˛ B cmin°v (F-´mw-`m-h-amb cmin-°v)]d™n´p

≈ tZmj-߃sIm- p (acWw kw`-hn°mw.)

(14)

A·ypjvWPzc]nØikv{XPan\›t{μm hnjqNyw_pcp˛

Ky£vamZn £nXntPm f krPm N Zl\ £p{Zm`nNmcmbpss[x

]mfizmZn {`aPw _pt[m Kpcpc\mbmtk\ arXypw I^mXv

kv{XokwtKm∞cpPw IhnkvXp acpXm hm k∂n]mssXx i\nx.

(15)

IpjvtT\ hm Ir{Xna`£WmZzm

cmlp¿hnjmZzmY akqcnImssZyx

Ipcym—nJo Zp¿acWw \cmWmw

cnt]m¿hntcm[mZ]n IoSImssZyx

 235

acWw kqNn-∏n-°p∂ {Klhpw ImcWamtb°mhp∂ tcmKhpw

1 Ct\m A·n DjvWPzc ]nØ ikv{XPw

˛ kqcy≥ : A·n, DjvWPzcw, ]nØw, Bbp[w

2 Nt{μm hnjqNyw_pcpIv b£vamZn

˛ N{μ≥ : hnjqNnI (tImfd), \o¿t±mjw, £bw

3 £nXntPm AkrPm N Zl\ £p{Zm`nNmcmbpss[x

˛ IP≥ c‡tZmjw, A·n-_m[ / DjvWtcmKw, B`nNmcw, Bbp[w

4 ]mfizmZn {`aPw _pt[m

˛ _p[≥ : ]mfiptcmKw, NnØ{`aw

5 Kpcp A\mbmtk\ arXypw, I^mXv

˛ Kpcp : acWw {]bm-k-an-√msX, I^tZmjw

vv6 kv{XokwtKm∞cpPw IhnkvXp

˛ ip{I≥ : ssewKnI-_‘w aqeap- mb tcmKw

7 acpXm hm k∂n]mssXx i\nx.

˛ i\n : hmXtcmKw, k∂n]mXPzcw

8 IpjvtT\ hm Ir{Xna `£WmZzmcmlp hnjmZzmY akqcnImssZyx

˛ cmlp : IpjvTw, Ir{Xna`£Ww, hnjw, hkqcn.

9 IpcymXv inJo Zp¿acWw \cmWmw cnt]m¿hntcm[mZ]n IoSImssZyx

˛ tIXp i{Xp°ƒ, IoS߃ aqeap- mIp∂ Zp¿ΩcWw

(16)

e·mZjvSacmti kz`mhtZmtjmZv`hw htZ∑rXypw hnZymXv

\n[t\iky \hmwiÿnXcmin \nanØtZmjP\nXw hm.

1 e·mXv AjvSacmti kz`mhtZmtjmZv`hw arXnw -

˛ e·m¬ F´mw `mh-Øns‚ kz`mhtZmja\pkcn®v acWw hcmw.

2 \n[t\iky \hmwiÿnXcmin \nanØtZmjP\nXw hm

˛ As√¶n¬ F´mw `mhm[n]s‚ \hmwicminbpsS tZmjwsIm- pw BImw

acWw.

(17)

ss]XyPztcmjvssW÷Tcm·n\mtP

hrtj {XntZmssj¿±l\m® ikv{XmXv

bpt‹ Xp Imkizkt\mjvWiqsse˛

cp∑mZhmXmcpNn`nx Ipfotc.

(18)

arKPzckvt^mSPi{XpPw lcu

kv{Xnbmw kv{XnbmKplycpPm {]]mX\mXv

Xpem[tc [oPzck∂n]mXPw

πolmfn]mfip{KlWocpPmfn\o.

 236

(19)

hr£mw_pImjvTmbp[Pw lbmwtK

artKXp iqemcpNn[o{`amssZyx

Ipwt` Xp ImkPzcb£vatcmssK¿˛

Pte hn]Zzm PetcmKtXm f t¥y.

acWImcWw cminsIm- p Nn¥n°ptºmƒ

1 ss]Xy Pzc DjvssW PTcm·n\m --AtP

taSw ˛ ]nØtIm]w, ]\n, DjvWm[nIyw, PTcm·ntZmjw

2. hrtj {XntZmssjx Zl\mx N ikv{XmXv

CShw ˛ {XntZmjw, A·n, Bbp[w

3. bpt‹ Xp Imkizk\ DjvW iqsse

anYp\w ˛ Imkizmkw, DjvWtcmKw, iqe (DZm: DZ-c-iq-e ˛ hbdpthZ\)

4. D∑mZ hmX AcpNn`nx Ipfotc.

I¿°SIw ˛ NnØ{`aw, hmXw, AcpNn,

5. arK Pzc kvt^mSP i{XpPw lcu

Nnßw ˛ arK`bw, Pzcw, Ipcp, i{Xp]oU

6. kv{Xnbmw kv{Xnbm KplycpPm {]]mX\mXv

I∂n ˛ kv{Xo, KplytcmKw, hogvN

7. Xpem[tc [o Pzc k∂n]mXPw

Xpemw ˛ _p≤n{`aw, Pzcw, k∂n]mXw

8. πolmfn]mfip{KlWocpPmfn\o.

hr›nIw ˛ πolmtcmKw, ]mfip, {KlWn

9. hr£ Aw_p ImjvT Bbp[Pw lbmwtK

[\p ˛ hr£w, Pew, hndIv , Bbp[w,

10 artKXp iqemcpNn[o{`amssZyx

aIcw ˛ iqe, AcpNn, _p≤n{`aw

11. Ipwt` Xp ImkPzcb£vatcmssK¿˛

Ipw`w ˛ Imkw, Pzcw, cmPb£mhv (£bw),

12. Pte hn]Zzm PetcmKtXm f t¥y.

ao\w Pew ImcWambp≈ hn]Ø,v \o¿t±mj߃

(20)

]m]¿£bpt‡ \n[t\ k]mt]

ikv{Xm\ehym{L`pPwK]oUmw (1)

At\ym\yZrjvSu Zzyip`u ktI{μu

tIm]mXv {]t`m ikv{Xhnjm·nssP¿hm. ]mTt`Zw: `pPwKamssZy

1 ]m]¿£ bpt‡ \n[t\ - -

˛ AjvS-a`mhw ]m]-{K-l-Øn-s‚ cmin-bm-hp-Ibpw

(F´n¬ ]m]{Kl߃ \n¬°pIbpw F∂pw ImWp-∂p)

k]mt] ˛ AjvSam[n]Xn ]m]cpsS IqsS \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬

 237

ikv{X A\e hym{L `pPwK ]oUmw

˛ Bbp[߃, A·n, ISph, k¿∏w ChbpsS ]oU aqehpw

2 At\ym\y ZrjvSu Zzb Aip`u ktI{μu˛

˛ tI{μßfn¬ \n¬°p∂ (c- p) ]m]∑m¿ ]ckv]cw t\m°pIbmsW¶n¬ --

tIm]mXv {]t`m ikv{Xhnjm·nssP¿hm

˛ {]`p(cm-P)tIm]w, Bbp[w, hnjw, A·n Chaqehpw (a-c-W-ap-- m-Ipw.)

(21)

kuaymwitI kuayKrtl f Y kuay˛

kw_‘tK hm £bt` £tbti

At¢iPmXw acWw \cmWmw

hykvtX XZm {IqcarXnw hZ¥n.

£bt` £tbti ˛ ]{¥- mw `mhØn\v / ]{¥- mw`mhm[n]Xn°v

kuayKrtl ˛ ip`{Kl-Øns‚ cmin-bn¬ ÿnXntbm

kuaymwitI ˛ ip`{Kl-Øns‚ cmin-bn¬ \hmwitam

kuaykw_‘tK hm ˛ ip`{Klhpambn _‘tam Ds- -¶n¬

At¢iPmXw acWw \cmWmw ˛ t¢ian√msX acn°pw.

hykvtX XZm ˛ CXn\p hn]-co-X-am-bm¬

{IqcarXnw hZ¥n ˛ Zb\obamb acWw ]d-bp-∂p.

(22)

tkzmt® kzant{X kXn kuayh¿t§

hybm[nt] tNm¿≤zKXnw kkutay

hn]cytb f t[mKXntah tINn˛

Zq¿≤zmky io¿tjmZbcmint`ZmXv.

hybm[nt] ˛ ]{¥- mw `mhm[n]\v

tkzmt® ˛ D®w,

kzant{X ˛ an{Xt£{Xw,

kuayh¿t§ ˛ ip`h¿§w,

kkutay ˛ ip`{KltbmKw

XpS-ßnb _e-ß-fp-s- -¶n¬

Du¿≤zKXnw ˛ Du¿≤zKXnbpw

hn]cytb ˛ CXn\p hn]coXambm¬

(ip`Øn\p ]Icw ]m]ambm¬) At[mKXnw Gh ˛ At[mKXnbpambncn°pw.

tINnXv Du¿≤zmky io¿tjmZbcmint`ZmXv.

˛ Nne¿ Du¿≤zapJ˛io¿tjmZbmZn

cminIsfs°m- pw (A.1, t«m.8)

CXp Nn¥n°mdp- v.

Du¿≤z-KXn ˛ Db¿∂ P∑w / kz¿§w. At[mKXn - ˛ Xmgv∂ P∑w / \cIw

 238

(23)

ssIemkw chnioXKp `rKpkpX kz¿§w alotPm alow

sshIpWvTw iintPm btam ba]pcw kp{_“temIw Kpcpx

Zzo]m≥ ssZXyhcx (1) inJo Xp \ncbw kw{]m]tbXv {]mWn\mw

kw_‘mZvhyb\mbIky IYtbØ{Xm¥ycmiywiXx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: t`mKnhc

acWm\¥cKXn kw_‘mZv hyb\mbIky IYtbXv X{Xm¥ycmiywiXx.

˛ (kqcy≥ XpS-ßnb {Kl-߃°v) ]{¥-- mw-`m-hm-[n-]-\p-ambn _‘w

D- m-hp-Itbm, (Ah¿) ]{¥- mw`mh-amb cmin-bn¬ Awin-°p-Itbm

(Ah-cpsS \-hmwiw hcn-Itbm) sNbvXm¬, acWtijw˛˛

{Klw ˛ temIw

ssIemkw chnioXKp ˛ kqcy≥, N{μ≥ ssIemkw

alotPm alow ˛ IpP≥ `qan

sshIpWvTw iintPm ˛ _p[≥ sshIpWvTw

kp{_“temIw Kpcpx ˛ hymgw {_“temIw

`rKpkpX kz¿§w ˛ ip{I≥ kz¿§w

btam ba]pcw ˛ i\n batemIw

Zzo]m≥ ssZXyhcx ˛ cmlp Zzo]pIƒ

inJo Xp \ncbw ˛ tIXp \cIw

(F∂o temI-ßfn¬)

kw{]m]tbXv {]mWn\mw ˛ {]mWn-Iƒ (a-\p-jy¿) FØp-∂p.

Ign™ P∑-Ønse / hcpw P∑-Ønse Imcy-߃ Adn-bp-hm≥

(24)

[¿tΩiztcssWh ln ]q¿hP∑˛

hrØw `hnjy÷\\w kptXimXv

XZoiPmXnw XZ[njvTnX¿£˛

Zrim ln Xss{Xh XZoitZiw.

1 [¿tΩiztcssWh ]q¿hP∑hrØw

˛ HºXmw`mhm[n]s\s°m- v Ign™ P∑Ønse Imcy߃ ]-d-b-Ww;

`hnjy÷\\w kptXimXv

˛ ASpØ P∑Ønse Imcy߃ A©mw`mhm[n]s\s°m- pw ]-d-b-Ww.

2 XZoiPmXnw

˛ B `mhm-[n-]s‚ PmXn-sh®v PmXn ]d-b-Ww. (HºXmw`mhm[n]s\s°m- v

Ign™P∑Ønse PmXnbpw A©mw`mhm[n]s\s°m- v hcpw P∑Ønse PmXn-

bpw ]d-b-Ww.)

3 XZ[njvTnX E¿£ Zri ln Xss{Xh XZoitZiw.

˛ B {Klw (9/5 `mhm-[n-]-Xn) \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS tZi-tam,

AXns\ t\m°p∂ {KlØns‚ cmin-bpsS tZitam sh®v ÿew ]dbWw.

 239

(25)

tkzmt® bZoti kXn tZh`qanw

Zzo]m¥cw \oNcn]pKrltÿ

kz¿t£ kplrZvt` kat` ÿntX hm

kw{]m]v\pbmXv `mcXh¿jtah.

4 (1) tkzmt® bZoti kXn tZh`qanw

˛ B {Klw (9/5 `mhm-[n-]≥) D®ØnemWv \n¬°p∂sX¶n¬ --tZh`qan (kz¿§w)

(2) Zzo (-Zo) ]m¥cw \oNcn]pKrltÿ

˛ \oNØntem i{Xpcminbntem BWv \n¬°p∂-sX-¶n¬ Zo]m¥cw

(3) kz¿t£ kplrZvt` kat` ÿntX hm kw{]m]v\pbmXv `mcXh¿jtah. ˛

B `mhm-[n-]≥ (9/5 `mhm-[n-]≥) kzt£{Xw, an{Xt£{Xw, kat£{Xw

Chbnsem∂n-emWp \n¬°p-∂sX¶n¬ `mcXh¿jw (]p-Wy-`q-an)

Ccp-]-Øn-\memw t«mIwapX¬ h¿Ø-am\P∑-Øn\v ]nºpw apºpw D≈ P∑-ß-

fnse Imcy-߃ ({]-[m-\-ambpw ASpØ P∑-Ønse hnti-j-߃) Is- -Øm-\p≈

am¿§ß-fmWp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. B t«mI-Øn¬ XZoi / XZ-[n-jvTnX F∂pw Cu t«m-I-

Øn¬ bZoti F∂pw ]d-bp-∂Xv 5˛9 `mhm-[n-]-sc-°p-dn-®m-sW∂ Imcyw hy‡-hp-am-Wv.

F∂m¬ Cu t«mI-Ønepw 27, 28, 29 t«mI-ß-fnepw ]d-bp∂Xv GXp {Kl-sØ-°p-dn-

®mWv F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ A`n-{]mbhyXymkhpw ImWp∂p- v. Cw•ojv hymJym-\-ß-ƒ

{]Imcw AXv 5˛9 `mhm-[n-]-cm-Wv; F∂m¬ sImSpß√q¿ ]Xn∏\pkcn-®v -AXp ]{¥- mw

`mhm-[n-]-\pw. sIm√w]Xn∏n¬ Ccp-]-Øn-b©mw t«mI-Øns‚ hymJym-\-Øn¬ ’ ]{¥- mw `mhm-[n]≥’ F∂p ]d-bp-∂p-s- -¶nepw ]n∂o-Sp≈ t«mI-ß-fpsS hymJym-\-

Øn¬ ’ B A[n-]≥’ Ft∂ ]d-bp-∂p-≈q.) BZyw ]d-™- (5/9 `mhm-[n-]≥) BWv

kμ¿`-Øn\pw bp‡n°pw tNcpI F∂p tXm∂p-∂Xp-sIm- v B ho£-W-KXn A\p-

kcn®mWv ChnsS A¿∞w sImSp-°p-∂-Xv.

(26)

Bcymh¿Øw Kojv]tXx ]pWy\Zyx

Imthytμm› ⁄ky ]pWyÿem\n

]wtKm¿\nμym tæ—`qkvXo£`mt\m

ssiemcWyw IoISw `qanPky.

5 (1)Bcymh¿Øw Kojv]tXx

˛ (B 5/9 `mhm-[n-]≥)hymgamsW-¶n¬ Bcymh¿Øhpw

(2,3) ]pWy\Zyx Imthytμm› ˛ ip{I≥, N{μ≥ Ch¿°v ]pWy-Xo¿∞-ßfpw

(4) ⁄ky ]pWyÿem\n ˛ _p[\v ]pWy-ÿ-e-ßfpw

(5) ]wtKm¿\nμym ˛ i\n°p \nμy-amb ÿe-ßfpw

 240

(6) tæ—`qx Xo£vW`mt\m ˛ kqcy\p tæ—amb ÿe-ßfpw

(7) ssiemcWyw IoISw `qanPky. IpP\p ae, ImSv, IoISwiv*

F∂n-h-bpw (]-d-b-Ww.)

*IoIS = Zcn-{Z-am-b, IoISw ˛ aK-[-Øns‚ Z£n-W-`mKw (i-_vZ-Xm-cm-h-en)

(27)

ÿntc ÿncmwim[nKXx k]m]x

]rjvtTmZtb f t[mapJt` N kwÿx

XZoiztcm hr£eXmZnP∑

kymZ\yYm PohbpXx icocn.

6 XZoiztcm ˛ B `mh-\m-Y≥

(1) ÿntc ÿncmwim[nKXx ˛ ÿnccminbntem /ÿnc\hmw-i-Øntem

-- (2) ]rjvtTmZb At[mapJt` N ˛ ]rjvtTmZbcmin-bntem /

At[mapJcmintem

(3) k]m]x ˛ ]m]s‚ IqsS

kwÿx ˛ \n¬°p-∂psh¶n¬ (1+2+3)

(I-gn™ P∑w / ASp-Ø-P-∑w)

hr£eXmZnP∑ ˛ hr£w, eX XpSßnbhbmbncn°pw.

kymXv A\yYm ˛ adn®msW¶n¬

(Ncw/io¿tjm-Zbw/Du¿≤z-apJ/ip`)

PohbpXx icocn. ˛ ssNX-\y-ap≈ Pohnbmbncn°pw.

(28)

et·inXpx tkzm®kplr’ztKtl

XZoiztcm bmXn a\pjyP∑ ˛

kta arKmx kyp¿hnlKmx ]ckvan≥

t{Z°mWcqss]c]n Nn¥\obw.

7. XZoiztcm...et·inXpx * ˛ B (5/9) `mhm[n]≥

tkzm®kplr’ztKtl -˛ e·m-[n-]s‚D®cminbntem, kz£{XØntem

an{Xt£{XØntem \n¬°p∂psh¶n¬

bmXn a\pjyP∑ ˛ AXp a\pjyP∑w Bbn-cn-°pw.

8. kta arKmx ˛ kat£{XØn¬ -- arKP∑hpw

9. ]ckvan≥ ˛ a‰p≈hbn¬ -- ]£nP∑hpw Bbn-cn°pw

t{Z°mWcqss]c]n Nn¥\obw ˛ t{Z°mWcq]wsIm- pw Cßns\ Nn¥n°mw.

 241

(29)

XmthIcmiu P\\w kztZti

Xu Xpeyhocyu bZn Xpey PmXnx

h¿tÆm KpWkvXky JKky Xpeyx

kwt⁄mZnssXtch htZ’akvXw.

10. XmthIcmiu P\\w kztZti

˛ Ah¿ c- pt]cpw (A-©mw-`m-hm-[n-]\pw HºXmw`mhm-[n-]\pw)* \n¬°p-∂Xv

Htc cminbnemsW-¶n¬ P\\w kztZiØpXs∂bmbn-cn-°pw.

(* ]{¥- mw `mhm-[n-]\pw e·m-[n-]\pw F∂p sImSpß√p¿]Xn∏v.)

11. Xu Xpeyhocyu bZn Xpey PmXnx

˛Ah¿°p Xpey_eamsW¶n¬ XpeyPmXnbn¬Øs∂ P\n°pw.

12. h¿Æ KpW Xky JKky Xpeyx

˛ h¿Æhpw KpWhpw B {KlØns‚ h¿Æ˛KpW߃°p Xpey-am-bn-cn-°pw.

kwt⁄mZnssXtch htZ’akvXw.

˛ (C-ßs\) kw⁄Ifn¬

(cmin-`m-h-kw⁄m ˛ A≤ymbw 1, {Klkw⁄m ˛ A≤ymbw 2)

]d™n´p≈ Imcy-ßsf-√mw-Xs∂ ka-\z-bn-∏n-®p- ^ew ]d-bWw.

242 

A≤ymbw 15

`mh-Nn-¥m-hn[n

(1)

`mhm-x k¿th ip`-]-Xn-bpXm ho£nXm hm ipt`ssix

XØZv `mhmx k--I-e-^-eZmx ]m]-Zr-tKym-K-lo\mx

]m]mx k¿th `h-\-]-X-b-t›-Zn-lm-lp-kvX-ssYh

tJssS-x k¿ssh-»p-`-^-e-anZw \oN-aq-Vmcn loss\x.

1 ip` ˛ ip`-{Klw,

]-Xn ˛ `mhm-[n-]Xn,

hm ˛ As√-¶n¬

ipt`ssix - ˛ ip`-`m-hm-[n-]Xn-

bpXm ˛ \n¬°p-∂Xpw

ho£nXm ˛ ZrjvSn-sN-øp-∂Xpw Bbhbpw

]m]Zr-Iv -tbm-Klo\m ˛ ]m]-{K-l-Øns‚ ZrjvSn, tbm-Kw

(ÿn-Xn) Ch C√mØhbpw Bb

`mhmx k¿th k-I-e-^-eZmx ˛ k¿h`m-h-ßfpw kIe (ip`) ^e-ßfpw

Xcp-∂p.-

2 ]m]m-x k¿th ˛ ]m]-∑m¿

`h-\-]-Xbt›Zn XssYh ˛ `mhm[n]cmIptºmgpw Aßn-s\-Øs∂.

`mhm-[n-]Xn ]m]-{K-l-am-sW-¶nepw Cu \nbaw _m[-I-am-Wv. `mhm-[n-]-\mb

]m]s‚ ZrjvSn-tbm-K-߃ `mh-Øn\p tZmj-I-c-a-√;. `mhm-[n-]_‘w `mh-Øn\p

KpWta sNøq F∂p Xm¬]-cyw.

3 tJssS-x k¿ssh ˛ (1, 2 {]-Imcw ^e-{]-Z-ß-fmb `mh-ß-fp-ambn

_‘-s∏´) F√m {Kl-ßfpw

\oN- aq-V Acn loss\x ˛ \oNw, auVyw, i{Xp-t£-{X-ÿnXn

Ch Cs√-¶n¬

ip`-^-e-anZw ˛ ip`-^-ew \¬Ipw

 243

(2)

.Xؤm-h-{Xn-tImtW kzkp-J-a-Z-\t`

Nmkv]tZ kuay-bpt‡

]m]m\mw ZrjvSn-lot\ `h-\-]-k-lnssXx

]m]-tJ-ssS-c-bpt‡

`mhm\mw ]pjvSn-am-lp-x k-I-e-ip-`-I-co˛

a\yYm tNXv {]Wmiw

an{iw anss{i¿{K-tl-ss{μ- -I-e-a]n XYm

aq¿Øn-`m-hm-[n-Im-\mw.

Hmtcm PmX-I-Ønepw `mh-߃°p {Kl-ß-fp-ambn hcp∂ _‘w `mh-^-esØ

Fßns\ kzm[o-\n-°p-sa-∂mWv Ign™ t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-™-Xv. t\cn´ _‘w-am-{X-a-√,

`mh-ß-fpsS tI{μßfnepw {XntImWßfnepw \n¬°p∂ {Kl-ßfpw `mh-^-esØ

_m[n-°p-sa∂v Cu t«mI-Øn¬ hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

Xؤm-h ˛ AXmXp `mh-Øns‚ -

1. {Xn-tImtW -˛ {XntIm-W-Ønepw (5,9)

kzkp-J-a-Z-\t` Nmkv]tZ ˛ kz (2), kpJ (4), aZ\ (7), Bkv]Z (10)

`mh-ß-fnepw

kuay-bpt‡ ˛ ip`-∑m¿ \n¬°pI

2. ]m]m\mw ZrjvSn-lot\ ˛ ]m]-Zr-jvSn-bn-√m-Xn-cn-°pI

3. h-\-]-k-lnssXx ˛ `mhm-[n-]ÿnXn D- m-hpI

4. ]m]-tJ-ssS- Abpt‡ ˛ ]m]-{K-l-߃ C√m-Xn-cn-°pI

k-I-e-ip-`-I-co ˛ Cßs\ kI-ew -ip-`-I-c-ambm¬

`mhm\mw ]pjvSn-am-lp- ˛ `mh-]pjvSn ]d-bWw

A\yYm tNXv {]Wmiw ˛ Aßns\ As√-¶n¬ `mh-\miw.

an{iw anss{i ˛ an{i-am-sW-¶n¬ an{i^ew.

aq¿Øn-`m-hm-[n-Im-\mw ˛ e·w apX-emb `mh-ßsf

{K-tl-ss{μx -k-I-e-a]n XYm˛ (Cßs\bpw) {Kl-ß-fp-ambn

tN¿Øp Nn-¥n-°-Ww.

(3)

\mi-ÿm-\-KtXm Znhm-I-c-I-ssc¿˛

ep_v[kvXp b¤m-ht]m

\oNm-cm-Xn-Krlw KtXm bZn `thXv

kussay-c-bp-t‡-£nXx

X¤m-hky hn\m-i\w hnX-\ptX

XmZr-Kzn [m-t\ym f kvXn-tN˛

ؤmth f ]n ^e-{]tZm \ln (1) ip`˛

t›∂mi-ap-{K-{K-lx.

v (1) ]mT-t`Zw : \ ln

Hcp PmX-I-Ønse ÿnXn-sIm- v `mh-\m-Y-\mb {Kl-Øn\p hcp∂ _ehpw _e-

°p-dhpw `mhsØ Fßns\ _m[n-°p-sa-∂mWv Cu t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

 244

Hcp `mh-\m-Y\v

1. 1. \mi-ÿm-\-KtXm ˛ \mi-ÿm-\Øn¬ (8-˛¬) ÿnXn

2 Znhm-I-c-I-sscx ep_v[kvXp ˛ kqcy-c-ivan-I-sf-s°m- v ad-hv (au-Vy-w)

3 \oNm-cm-Xn-Krlw ˛ \oNØntem i{Xp-cm-in-bntem ÿnXn

4 kussay-x Abp-‡ Cu-£nXx ˛ kuay-{K-l-ß-fpsS tbmK-Zr-jvSn-I-fn-√mXn-cn-

°pI (Cßns\ h∂m¬)

X¤m-hky hn\m-i\w hnX-\ptX ˛ B (`mh-\mYs‚) `mh-Øn\p \miw

kw`-hn°p∂p.

2. XmZr-Kznt[m At\ymkvXn -tNؤmth A]n ^e-{]tZm

˛ t\scadn-®m-sW-¶n¬ ^ehpw adn-®m-bn-cn-°pw. (ip-`-am-bn-cn°pw.)

3. \ln ( \ ln) ip`t›Xv \mi-w D-{K-{K-lx.

˛ ip`\msW-¶n¬ ]m]-s‚ A{X tZmjw sNøpIbn-√.*

* sIm√w]Xn∏pam{Xta Cu A¿∞hpambn tbmPn°pp∂p≈p. (I]qdns‚ hymJym

-\-Øn\p hy‡X Ipd-hm-Wv. a‰p c- p hymJym-\-ßfpw C°m-cy-Øn¬ \n»-_vZhp-am-Wv.)

AsX-¥m-bm-epw, ]m]-∑mcpw Zpÿm-\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w, ip`-∑mcpw Zpÿm-\-ß-fp-am-

bp≈ _‘tØ°mƒ tZmj-I-c-am-sW∂v t«mIw 19˛¬ hy‡-am°p-∂p-- v.

(4)

e·m-Zn-`mhm{Zn]p-c-{‘-cnxt^

]m]-{K-lm-kvXZv`--h-\m-Zn-\miw

kuaymkvXp \mXy-¥-^-e-{]Zmx kyq¿˛

`mhm-[n-Im\mw ^e-ta-h-am-lpx.

e·m-Zn-`mhmXv ˛ e·w XpS-ßnb `mh-ß-fn¬\n∂v

cn]p-c-{‘-cnxt^ ˛ 6˛8-˛12 `mh-ß-fn¬

]m]-{K-lmXv - ˛ ]m-]-∑m¿ \n∂m¬

-X-Xv `-h-\m-Zn-\miw ˛ B `mh-Øn\p \miw D-- m-Ip-∂p.

kuaymkvXp ˛ ip-`{K-lßfm-Is´

\mXy-¥-^-e-{]Zmx kyq ˛ (A-hn-sS) A[nIw -^-e-{]Zcpa-√.

`mhm-[n-Im\mw ˛ `mh-ß-fpsS

^e-ta-h-am-lpx ˛ ^ew C{]-Imcw ]d-b-Ww.

(t«mIw 19 IqSn ImWpI).

(5)

b¤m-h-\mtYm cn]p-c-{‘-cnxt^

Zpxÿm-\t]m b¤-h-\-ÿntXm hm

X¤m-h-\miw IY-b¥n X⁄mx

ipt`-£n-X-kvX-Zv`-h-\ky kuJyw.

b¤m-h-\mtYm ˛ bmsXmcp `mh-\m-Y≥

cn]p-c-{‘-cnxt^ ˛ 6˛8-˛12 `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂pthm

hm ˛ As√-¶n¬

Zpxÿm-\t]m ˛ Zpxÿm-\ (6-˛8-˛12) \mY-∑m¿

 245

b¤-h-\-ÿntXm ˛ bmsXmcp `mh-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂pthm

X¤m-h-\miw ˛ B `mh-Øn\p \miw

IY-b¥n ˛ ]d-bp-∂p.

ipt`-£n-X- ˛ ip`-Zr-jvSn-bp-≈

X-¤-h-\ky ˛ `mh-Øn\p

kuJyw ˛ kuJyw D- m-Ip-∂p.

Hcp `mh-Øn\p ip`-Zr-jvSnbp-s- -¶n¬ AXv AXns‚ Zpÿm-\-_-‘-Øn\p ]cn-lm-

c-am-Ip-sa∂p-am-{X-a√, ip`-I-c-hp-amIw F∂p kqN-\.

(6)

`mhm-[oti N `mth kXn _e-c-lntX

N {Ktl Imc-ImtJy

]m]m-¥tÿ N ]mss]-c-cn-`n-c]n kta˛

tXjn-tX \m\ytJssSx

]mss]-kvX-Zv_-‘p-ar-Xyp-hy-b-`-h-\-K-ssX˛

kvX{Xn-tIm-W-ÿn-ssX¿hm

hmNym X¤m-h-lm\nx kv^pS-an-l- `-hXn

Zzn{Xn-kw-hm-Z-`m-hmXv.

`mhm-[oti N `mth Imc-ImtJy ˛ `mhm-[oi\pw `mh-Øn\pw Imc-I{Kl-Øn\pw

1. _e-c-lntX N ˛ _e-an-√m-Xn-cn-°p-I,

2. ]m]m-¥tÿ ˛ ]m]-a-≤y-ÿn-Xn,

3. ]mss]-x A-cn-`nx ˛ ]m]-∑m-cp-sStbm i{Xp-°-fp-sStbm

ktatX Cujn-tX tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm D- m-hp-I,

5. A\y tJssSx ˛ a‰p≈ {Kl-ß-fpsS

(ip`-cpsStbm an{X-ß-fp-sStbm)

tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm C√m-Xn-cn-°p-I

v6. ]mss]- ˛ ]m]-∑m¿

XXv _-‘p- ar-Xyp- hy-b -`-h-\-K-ssX˛ AXns‚ 4, 8, 12 `mh-ßfn¬ \n¬°pI,

7. XXv {Xn-tIm-W-ÿn-ssXx hm ˛ As√-¶n¬ AXns‚ 5, 9 `mh-ß-fn¬

\n¬°pI,

hmNym X¤m-h-lm\nx ˛ (Ch-sb√mw) B `mhsØ l\n-°p∂Xmbn

]d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p

l\n-°pI F∂Xn\v ChnsS tZmj-I-camWv F∂ A¿∞w FSp-Øm¬ aXn.

ImcWw Cu tZmj-߃ Hmtcm∂pw Htcm Xc-Ø-nemWv Hcp `mhsØ _m[n-°p-I. `mh-

\m-Ys‚ an{X-i-{Xp-°ƒ Xs∂-bmWv `mh-Øns‚ an{X-i-{X-°fpw.

Zzn {Xn kw-hm-Z-`m-hm-Xv kv^pS-anl `hXn ˛ ta¬∏-d™ c- p aq∂p Imcy-߃

HØp-h-∂m¬ `mh-\miw (tZm-j-^-ew)

Dd-∏m-Wv.

 246

(7)

XØZv `m--h-]-cm-`-th-iz-c-J-c-t{Z-°m-W]m Zp¿_em

`mhm-cy-jvS-a-Im-aKm \nP-Z-imbmw `mh-\m-i-{]Zmx

]m]m `mh-Kr-lmXv {Xni-{Xp-`-hKmx tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-tW -ip`m

hocymVyx Jep `mh-\m-Y-kp-lrtZm `mhky kn≤n-{]Zmx.

XØ-¤m-h ˛ Hcp `mh-Øns‚

-1. ]-cm-`-th-iz-c ˛ AjvS-am-[n-]\pw

- J-c-t{Z-°m-W]m ˛ 22-˛mw t{Z-°m-Wm[n]\pw

Zp¿_em ˛ Zp¿∫e-cm-bn

`mhmXv Acn AjvSa ImaKm ˛ B `mh-Øns‚ 6-, 8, 7 cminIfn¬ \n∂m¬

\nP-Z-imbmw ˛ Ah-cpsS Zi-bn¬

`mh-\m-i-{]Zmx ˛ B `mhØn\p -tZmjw sNøp-w.

2. (1) ]m]m `mh-Kr-lmXv {Xni-{Xp-`-hKmx˛ `mh-Øn¬\n∂v 3, 6, 11 cmin-Ifn¬

\n¬°p∂ ]m]-∑mcpw

(2)tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-tW -ip`m hocymVyx _e-hm-∑m-cmbn

(`m-h-Øn¬\n-∂v) tI{μßfntem (1,4,7,10)

{Xn-tIm-Wßfntem ( 1,5,9 ) \n¬°p∂

ip`-∑mcpw,

2(3) hocymVyx `mh-\m-Y kp-lrtZm ˛ `mh-\m-Y‚ (_-e-hm-∑m-cm-b) an{X-ßfpw

(A-h-cpsS Zim-]-lm-c-ß-fn¬)

`mhky kn≤n-{]Zmx. ˛ `mh-kn-≤n°p Imc-W-am-Ipw.

(`m-h-Øns‚ KpW^ew A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw.)

(8)

cmtiym¿÷-∑-hn-e-·-tbm¿ar-Xn-]-Xn¿ (1) arXyp-ÿ -X-Zzo-£tIm

aμ-{IqcZrKmWt]m Kpfn-I-]kvssXcp‡-cm-iyw-i]x

cmlp-ss›jp kpZp¿_-e-x k P-\t\ `mth- f \-`o-jvtS- ÿnXx

]m]m-tem-In-X-kw-bptXm \nP-Z-imbmw `mh-\m-im-hlx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: [rXn]Xn (aq∂mw `mhm[n]Xn) *.

cmtiym -P-∑- hn-e-·-tbmx ˛ N{μmtem e·mtem

1 ar-Xn-]-Xnx * ˛ F´mw `mhm-[n-]Xn

2 arXyp-ÿ ˛ F´n¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw

-3 ho-£tIm ˛ F´n¬ t\m°p∂ {Klw

4 aμ ˛ i\n

5 -{Iq-cZrKmWt]m ˛ 22-˛mwt{Z°-Wm-[n-]≥

6 Kpfn-I-]x ˛ Kpfn-I-≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS A[n-]≥

7 ssX¿bp‡-cm-iyw-i]x ˛ Cu {Kl-߃ \n¬°p∂ cminIfpsS -\m-Y-

∑mcpw Awi-In® cmin-IfpsS \m-Y-∑mcpw

8 cmlp-ss›jp ˛ cmlphpw

 247

- P-\t\ kpZp¿∫-e ˛ Ch-cn¬ P\-\-k-a-bØp Zp¿∫-ecpw

`mth- A\-`o-jvtS -ÿnXx ˛ tZmj-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ (e-·m¬ 6˛8-˛12)

\n¬°p-∂-hcpw

]m]m-tem-In-X- ˛ ]m]ZrjvSn-bp-≈-hcpw

]m]kw-bptXm ˛ ]m]-tbm-K-ap-≈-hcpw

\nP-Z-imbmw `mh-\m-im-hlx ˛ Xß-fpsS Zi-I-fn¬ `mh-\miw sNøpw.

* c- v DØtc¥y≥ ]Xn∏pIfnepw arXn]Xn°p ]Icw [rXn]Xn BWv sImSp

Øn´p≈Xv. 3-˛6-˛11 `mh-ßsf Zpÿm-\-ß-fmbn ImWp∂ ]cm-i-c-tlmc XpS-ßnb {KŸ-

߃ {]Imcw AXp icnbp-am-Imw. F∂m¬ ^e-Zo-]nI 1 : 17 {]Imcw 6˛8-˛12 `mh-ß-fmWv

Zpÿm-\-߃. AXp-{]-Imcw F´mw-`m-h-amWv kμ¿`-Øn\p tbmPn-°p-I.

(9)

`mh-tkym-Z-b-]m-{in-Xky Ipiew

b¤m-h-t]-t\m-Z-b˛

kzmao XnjvTXn kwbp-tXm]n Ie-tb-˛

Ø-Zv`m-h-PmXw ^ew

Zpÿmt\ hn]-co-X-ta-X-Zp-ZnXw

`mthiztc Zp¿_te

tZmtjm -f Xoh `thXv _te\ klntX

tZmjm-¬]Xm P¬]nXm.

1. `mh-ky D-Z-b-] B-{in-Xky Ipiew

˛ e·m-[n-]≥ GXp `mh-Øn-en-cp-∂mepw B `mh-Øn\p Ipi-e-am-Wv.

2. bXv `m-h-t]-\ DZ-bkzman XnjvTXn kwbp-tXm]n

˛ e·m[n]≥ GXp `mh-\m-Y-t\mSpIqsS \nev°p-∂p-thm,

Ie-tb-Xv XXv -`m-h-PmXw ^ew

˛ B `mhw AXns‚ ^ew \¬-Ip-∂p.

3. Zpÿmt\ hn]-co-X-ta-X-Zp-ZnXw

˛ (`m-hm-[n-]≥ \n¬°p-∂Xv) Zpÿm-\-Øm-sW-¶n¬ (6-˛8-˛12) hn]-co-X-^ew

]d-b-Ww.

4. `mthiztc Zp¿_te tZmjx A-Xoh `thXv

˛ `mh-\m-Y≥ Zp¿∫-e-\m-sW-¶n¬ AXohtZmjw `hn-°pw.

5. _te\ klntX tZmjm-ev]Xm Pev]nXm

˛ _e-hm-\m-sW-¶n¬ tZmj-^ew Ipd-bpw F∂pw ]d-bs∏´n-cn-°p-∂p.

(10)

b¤m-th-jz-ipt`m f ]n tNmZ-b-]Xnx

X¤m-h-hr≤nw ZntiZv

Zpxÿm-\m-[n-]-Xnx k -tN-ZyZn Xt\mx

{]m_eya-\yky \

At{Xm-Zm-l-cWw IptP kpX-KtX

knwtl Qtj hm ÿntX

]p{Xm]vXnw ip`-ho-£ntX QSnXn XXv˛

{]m]vXnw hZ-¥yp-Ø-amx.

 248

1. bXv `m-th-jp Aip`x A]n N DZ-b-]Xnx XXv `m-h-hr≤nw ZntiXv

˛ ]m]-{K-lam-bn-cp-∂mepw e·m-[n-]Xn Xm≥ \n¬°p∂ `mh-Øn\p A`nhr≤n

\¬Ipw.

2. Zpxÿm-\m-[n-]-Xn- kx -tN-Xv bZn Xt\mx {]m_eya-\yky \

˛ e·m-[n-]\p Zpÿm-\m-[n-]-Xyw-IqSn hcp∂ kμ¿`-ß-fnepw- e·m[n-]-Xy-Øns‚

A\p-Iqe-^-e-a-√msX Zpÿm-\m[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ tZmj- ew - ew sNøpIbn-√.

A{X DZm-l-cWw ˛ DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v

IptP kpX-KtX knwtl Qtj hm ÿntX ]p{Xm]vXnw

˛ IpP≥ A©n¬, NnßØn¬ As√-¶n¬ ao\-Øn¬, \n∂m¬ ]p{X-P-\\w ]d-b-

Ww. ({Kl-ß-fpsS e·m-[n-]Xy_ew Zpÿm\m[n-]-XytZmj-tØ-°mƒ {]_-e-am-

sW∂p kmcw)

ip`-ho-£ntX QSnXn XXv {]m]vXnw hZ-¥n DØ-amx.

˛ ip`-Zr-jvSn-bp-s- -¶n¬, Xma-k-an-√msX ]p{X-P-\-\-ap-- m-Ip-sa∂v BNm-cy-∑m¿

]d-bp-∂p.

hni-Zo-I-cWw:

taSw e·w. e·m-[n-]≥ IpP≥. IpP\v hr›n-I-cm-in-bpsS B[n]Xyw-Iq-Sn-bp-

- -t√m. hr›nIw ChnsS F´mw-`mhamWv, F´mw-`mhw Zpÿm-\--am-b-Xn-\m¬ IpP\p

Zpÿm-\m-[n-]-Xyw-IqSn D- v. IpP≥ \n¬°p-∂Xv A©mw`mh-amb Nnß-Øn¬. Zpÿm-

\m-[n-]-Xy-ap≈ ]m]-\m-b -Ip-Ps‚ ]p{X-`m-h-Ønse ÿnXn a°ƒ D- m-In√ F∂m-tWm

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂ Hcp kwibw tXm∂mw. e·m-[n-]s‚ A©nse A\p-IqeÿnXn

]p{X-Kp-Wm-\p-`-h-amWp ImWn-°p-∂-sX∂pw B IpP\p ip`-Zr-jvSn-IqSn Ds- -¶n¬ Ime -

Xm-aktam {]bm-ktam IqSmsX thK-Øn¬ ]p{X-∑m-¿ D- mIp-sa∂pw ]d-b-Ww. Hcp

{Klw A\p-Iq-e-am-bm¬am-{Xw- t]m-cm, A\p-Iq-e-^ew \¬Im≥ Bh-iy-amb {Kl-_-ew-

IqSn AXn-\p-- m-I-Ww F∂XpIqSn ChnsS kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

(11)

Zznÿm-\m-[n-]-Xn-Xz-akvXn bZn tNXv

∑pJyw {XntIm-W¿£Pw

Xkym¿≤w kzKr-tl f Y ]q¿h-ap-`-tbm˛

cyر-imZu htZXv.

]›m-Zv`m-h-an-lm-]-cm¿≤-k-atb

bpt‹ Krtl bp‹Pw

tXzmPtÿ kXn -tNm-P-`m-h-P-^ew

iwk¥n tINn-÷-\mx.

Ggp {Kl-ß-fn¬ A©p Xmcm-{K-l-߃°pw Cuc- p hoXw cmin-I-fpsS B[n-]-

Xy-ap-- v. B {Kl-Øns‚ Zi-bn¬ Cu c- p cmin-I-fn¬ GXns‚ ^e-amWv ][m-\-

ambpw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-I, GXns‚ ^eamWv BZy-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-SpI XpS-ßnb kwi-b-

߃°p≈ adp-]-Sn-bmWv Cu t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

 249

Zznÿm-\m-[n-]-Xn-Xzw A-kvXn bZn tNXv

˛ c- v `mh-ß-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈ {Kl-am-sW-¶n¬ (AXns‚ Zi-bn¬)

1. apJyw {XntIm-W¿£`w

˛ apJy-ambpw (H∂mw ÿm\-Øv) A\p-`-h-s∏-SpI-. AXns‚ aqe{XntIm-W

cminbmb `mhØns‚ ^eßfmWv.

Xkym¿≤w kzKr-tl

˛ AXns‚ ]IpXn (c-- mw-ÿm\Øv) kzt£-{Xwam{X-amb `mh-Øns‚ ^ehpw

A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-w.

2. ]q¿h-w D`-tbmx bXv ZimZu htZXv

˛ Cu c- p cmin-I-fpsS Zi-I-fn¬ BZyw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ta¬∏-d-™-

Xns‚ (aq-e-{Xn-tIm-W-cmin-bpsS) ^e-ß-fm-Wv.

]›m-Zv`m-hw C-l A]-cm¿≤-k-atb

˛c-- m-asØ ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ at‰ `mh-Øns‚ ^e-ßfpw A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw.

3. bpt‹ Krtl bp‹Pw

˛ (B {Klw \n¬°p-∂Xv) bp‹-cm-in-bn-em- sW-¶n¬ B cmin-bn¬ hcp∂

`mh-Øns‚ ^ehpw

HmPtÿ kXn-tNm-P-`m-h-P-^ew

˛ HmP-cm-in-bn-em-sW-¶n¬ B cmin-bn¬ hcp∂ `mh-Øns‚ ^ehpw

iwk¥n tINn-÷-\mx.

˛ BZyw hcp-sa-∂mWv Nne-cpsS A`n-{]m-bw.

(12)

b¤m-th-i-kym-Xn-i-{Xp-{Ktl hm

tbm hm tJtSm _nμp-iq-\y¿£-bp‡x

XØXv`mth aq¿Øn-`m-hm-Zn-Im\mw

\miw {_qbm-ss±-hhnXv {]miv\nIw ln.

ÿnXn-sIm- v XnI®pw Zp¿∫-ec-mb {Kl-߃, DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v,

bXv `m-th-i-ky AXn-i-{Xp-{Ktl ˛ Xs‚ AXn-i-{Xpt-£-{X-amb `mh-Øn¬

\n¬°p∂ {Klw (2: 23)

hm ˛ As√-¶n¬

tbm tJtSm _nμp-iq-\y¿£-bp‡x˛ AjvS-I-h¿§-Øn¬ X\n°p _nμp°sfm

∂pw C√mØ cminbn-¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw

(A-≤ymbw 23, 24)

(Ch Ah-bpsS Zi-bn¬)

XXv XXv `m-th aq¿Øn-`m-hm-Zn-Im\mw ˛ (Ah \n¬°p∂) e·w-Xp-S-ßnb AXmXp

`mh-ß-fpsS

\miw {_qbm-Xv ˛ \miw sNøp-sa∂p ]d-b-Ww.

(13)

tkzss®x kp-lr-Xvt£-{X-K-ssXx {K-tlss{μx

jUv`n¿∫-ssex ap-Jy-^-em-\zn-tXm f ]n

k‘u ÿnXx k-∂ -^-e-{]Zx kym˛

tZhw hnNn-¥ym f -{X -h-tZ-Zzn-]-mtI.

 250

Hcp `mh-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw AXns‚ Zi-bn¬ F{X-am{Xw `mh-^ew \¬Ipw

F∂-Xns‚ hni-Zo-I-cWw:˛˛

kzD®- kp-lr-Xvt£-{X -K-ssX {Ktlss{μx- ˛ {Kl-߃ kz¥w D®-cm-in, an-{X-t£{Xw

XpS-ßnbh-bn-¬ \n∂mepw

jUv`nx _ssex ap-Jy-^-em- A\znX A]n ˛ jUv_eß-ƒ XpS-ßnb apJy ^e-ti-jn-

Iƒ Ccp-∂mepw

k‘u ÿnX- ˛ `mh-k-‘n-bn-emWp ÿnXn-sb-¶n¬

kx \ ^-e-{]-Zx ˛ H´pw- ^-e-{]-Z-c√. (AXp \n¬°p∂ `mh-

Øns‚ ^ew Xcm≥ AXn\p Xosc

Ign-bp-I-bn-√.)

kymXv Ghw hnNn-¥y A-{X- h-tZXv hn--]m-tI˛ F∂ Imcyw-IqSn Nn¥n®p thWw ^e߃

]d-bphm≥.

hn]mIw ˛ (I¿Ω-^-e-Øns‚) A\p-`-h-tbm-Ky-amb Ah-ÿ. Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬, {Kl-Zi.

(14)

`mthjp `mh-kv^p-S-Xp-ey-`mKx

X¤m-hPw ]q¿Æ-^ew hn[tØ

k‘u ^ew \mkvXn XZ-¥-cmtf

Nnt¥ym- f \p-]mXx Jep tJN-cm-Wmw.

1. `mthjp `mh-kv^p-S-Xp-ey-`mKx ˛ {Kl-ßfpsS `mh-ß-fnse ÿnXn `mh-

kv^p-SØn\p -Xp-ey-amsW¶n¬,

`mh-kv^p-Shpw {Kl-kv^p-Shpw H∂m-sW-¶n¬,

X¤m-hPw ]q¿Æ-^ew hn[tØ ˛ B `mh-Ønse ÿnXn-sIm- v B {Klw

\¬tI- ^ew ]q¿Æ-ambpw \¬Ipw.

2 k‘u ^ew \mkvXn ˛ `mh-k-‘n-I-fn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃ Hcp

KpWhpw sNøpIbn-√.

3 XZ-¥-cmtf Nn¥y A-\p-]mXx Jep tJN-cm-Wmw

˛ `mh-a-≤y-Øn\pw `mh-k-‘n°pw CS-bn-ep≈ {Kl-ÿn-Xn°v Cu A\p-]m-XØn¬

Nn¥n®p ^ew ]d-b-Ww.

(15)

kqcym-Zm-fl-]n-Xr-{]-`m-h-hn-cpPmw i‡nw {inbw Nn¥-tb˛

t®tXm-_p-≤n-\r-]-{]-km-Z-P-\-\o-k-ºXvIc-›{μax (1)

kXzw tcmK-Kp-Wm-\p-Pm-h-\n-cn-]p-⁄m-Xo≥ [cm-kq-\p\m

hnZym-_-‘p-hn-th-I-am-Xp-e-kp-lrZzm°¿ΩIrZv t_m[-\x. (1) ]mTt`Zw: N{μXx

(16)

{]⁄m-hn-Ø-i-co-c-]pjvSnX\-b-⁄m-\m\n hmKo-iz-cmXv

]Xv\o-hm-l-\-`q-j-Wm\n aZ\-hym-]m-c-kuJyw `rtKmx

Bbp¿÷o-h-\-ar-Xyp-Im-c-W-hn-]Zv`rXym› aμm-Zz-tZXv

k¿t∏-ssWh ]nXm-a-l¥pinJn\m amXm-alw Nn¥-tb-Xv.

 251

{Kl-ß-sf-s°m- p Nn¥n-t°- hnj-b-߃

1 kqcym-Xv ˛ kqcy-s\-s°m- v

Bfl- ˛ Bflmhv

]n-Xr ˛ A—≥

- {]-`m-h- ˛ - {]-`m-hw

hn-cpPmw ˛ BtcmKyw

i‡nw ˛ _ew

{inbw ˛ sFizcyw

Nn¥-tbXv ˛ (F∂nh) Nn¥n-°-Ww.

2 N{μakv (N{μXx) ˛ N{μ-s\-s°m- v

tNXx ˛ a\ v

\r-]-{]-km-Z ˛ cmP{]oXn

-P-\-\o ˛ AΩ

- k-ºXv°c ˛ kºØv. (F∂nh Nn¥n-°-Ww.)

3 [cm-kq-\p\m ˛ IpP-s\-s°m- v

kXzw ˛ IcpØv (im-co-cn-I-hpw- am-\kn-I-hp-amb _ew)

tcmK ˛ tcmK-߃

-Kp-Wm- ˛ KpW-߃

A\p-P ˛ Cfb ktlm-Z-c≥

A-h-\n ˛ `qan

cn-]p- ˛ i{Xp

⁄m-Xo≥ ˛ _‘p-°ƒ (F∂nh Nn¥n-°-Ww.)

4 t_m[-\x ˛ _p[s\s°m- v

hnZym ˛ hnZy-

_-‘p-

hn-th-Iw-

am-Xp-e- ˛ AΩm-h≥

kp-lrXv ˛ Iq´p-Im¿

hmIv ˛ hm°v

I¿ΩIrXv ˛ I¿Ωw (F∂nh Nn¥n-°-Ww.)

5 hmKo-iz-cmXv ˛ hymg-sØ-s°m- v

{]⁄m ˛ {]⁄, hntij_p≤n

-hn-Øw ˛ [\w

-i-co-c-]pjvSn

X\-b ˛ a°ƒ

⁄m-\w ˛ Adnhv (F∂nh Nn¥n-°-Ww.)

.6 `rtKmx ˛ ip{I-s\-s°m- v

]Xv\n ˛ `mcy

hm-l-\-w

`q-j-Ww ˛ B`-cWw

aZ\-hym-]m-cw- ˛ Ima-w

kuJyw ˛ kpJw (F∂nh Nn¥n-°-Ww.)

 252

7 aμm-Xv ˛ i\n-sb-s°m- pv

Bbp ˛ Bbp v

Po-h-\w- ˛ Pohn-Xam¿§w, sXmgn¬

ar-Xyp-Im-c-Ww- ˛ ac-W-Im-cWw

hn-]Zv ˛ B]Øv

`rXy¿

htZXv ˛ (F-∂n-h) ]d-bWw.

8 k¿t∏-ssWh ˛ cmlp-hn-s\-s°m- v

]nXm-a-lw ˛ A—s‚ A—≥

9 inJn\m ˛ tIXp-hn-s\-s°m- v

amXm-alw ˛ AΩbpsS A—≥

Nn¥-tb-Xv ˛ (F-∂n-h-bpw) Nn¥n-°-Ww

.

(17)

Zypa-Wn-c-a-c-a-{¥o- `q-kp-Xx -tkm-a-kuayu

Kpcp-cn-\-X-\-bmcu `m¿§thm `m\p-]p{X

Zn\-I-c-i-intPUyu Poh-`m-\p-⁄-a-μm

kpc-Kp-cp-cn-\-kq\px Imc-Im-x kypx hne-·m-Xv.

`mh-ß-fpsS Imc-I-∑m¿

Imc-Im-x kypx hne-·m-Xv

˛ e·w apX¬°p≈ ]{¥- p `mh-ß-fp-sSbpw ImcI-∑m¿

`mhw Imc-I-{Klw

e·w Zypa-Wn- ˛ kqcy≥

2 A-a-c-a-{¥o ˛ hymgw

- 3 `q-kp-X≥ ˛ Ip-P≥

-4. tkm-a -kuayu ˛ N{μ\pw _p[\pw

5 Kpcp ˛ hymgw

6 C\-X-\-b Bcu ˛ i\nbpw IpP\pw -

-7 `m¿§h≥ ˛ ip{I≥

8 `m\p-]p{X≥ ˛ i\n

9 Zn\-I-c- i-inP CuUyu ˛ kqcy\pw, _p[\pw, hymghpw

10 Poh -`m-\p- ⁄ aμm ˛ hymghpw, kqcy\pw, _p[\pw, i\nbpw.

11 kpc-Kp-cp ˛ hymgw

12 C-\-kq\px ˛ i\n

`mh-ß-sf-s°m- p Nn¥n-t°- hnj-b-߃ H∂mwA≤ym-b-Ønepw {Kl-ß-sf-

s°m- p Nn¥n-t°- hnj-b-߃ c- mw-A-≤ym-b-Ønepw hnkvX-cn®p ]d-™n-´p-- v.

ChnsS 15,16,17 t«mI-ß-fn¬ ]d-™Xv AXns‚ Npcp-°w-am-{Xam-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬,

F√m {Kl-߃°pw F√m `mh-ß-fnepw kzm[o\w hcp-∂p-- v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Bfl-Im-

c-I≥ kqcy-\m-sW-¶nepw Bfl-ku-Jy-Øns‚ Imcyw -h-cp-tºmƒ a‰v Bdp {Kl-߃°pw

 253

AXn¬ kzm[o-\-ap-≈-Xmbn ImWmw. AXp-t]mse hc-hns‚ ÿm\-amb ]Xn-s\m-∂ns‚

Imc-I≥ hymg-am-sW-¶nepw a‰p {Kl-ßsfs°m- pw C°mcyw Nn¥n-°m-\p-- v. AXm-b-

Xv, kqcy-s\-s°m- v A—-\n¬\n∂pap≈ [\-h-chpw N{μ-s\-s°m- v AΩ-Im-c-W-am-bn-

´p≈ hchpw Nn¥n-°mw. F∂m¬ a‰-p≈ {Kl-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw apºn¬\n∂p {]h¿Øn-

°pI `mh-Im-c-I-\m-bn-cn-°pw. Imc-I\p _e-°p-dhv As√-¶n¬ Imc-I≥ `mh-Øn¬

\n¬°pI XpS-ß-nb tZm-jm-h-ÿ-I-fn¬ AXp hcp-am-\-t{km-X- n-s\-Øs∂ _m[n-°p-

Ibpw sNøpw.

(18)

kplr-Z-cn-]-c-Io-b-kz¿£-XpwKkvYnXm\mw

^e-a-\p-]-cn-Nn¥yw e·-tZ-lm-Zn-`msshx

kap-]-N-b-hn-]Ønw kuay-]m-t]jp kXyx

IY-bXn hn]-coXw cnx -j-jvTm-jvS-ta-jp.

1. e·-tZ-lm-Zn-`msshx ˛ e·w XpS-ßnb `mh-ß-fpsS

^e-a-\p-]-cn-Nn¥yw ˛ ^ew ]d-bp-tºmƒ B `mhhp-ambn _‘-

s∏´ {Kl-Øns‚ (Imc-I-s‚/`mhm-[n-]-s‚)

kplr-Z- ˛ an{X-t£{Xw

Acn- ˛ i{Xp-t£{Xw

]cIobw ˛ kat£{Xw

kz¿£w ˛ kzt£{Xw

-XpwK ˛ D®-t£{Xw XpS-ßnb ÿm\-ß-fnse

kvYnXm\mw ˛ kvYnXn A\p-k-cn®v {Kl-_-e-Øn\p

hcp∂ G‰-°p-d-®n-ep-Iƒ ]cn-tim[n-°Ww.

2. kap-]-N-b-hn-]Ønw ˛ `mh-ß-fpsS hr≤nbpw \mihpw

kuay-]m-t]jp ˛ ip`-˛-]m-]-{K-l-ß-sf-s°m- v

Nn¥n-°-W-sa∂pw

3. cnx^ -j-jvTm AjvS-ta-jp ˛ (F-∂m¬) 6˛8-˛12- `mhß-fn¬

hn]-coXw ^ew hn]-coXamIp∂psh∂pw

kXyx IY-bXn ˛ kXym-Nm-cy¿ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

(19)

]m]-{Klmx jjvT-ar-Xn-hy-bÿmx

X¤m-h-hr≤nw Ie-b¥n tZmssjx

ip`mkvXp X¤m-h-ebw ln Xkvam˛

—{Xm-Zn- `m-thm-∞- ^-e-{]-Wm-ix. (1)

(1) ]mT-t`Zw : Z{Xm-cn-`m-hm-Zn- -e-{]-Wmix

]m]-{Klm jjvT- ar-Xn- hy-bÿmx

˛ ]m]-{Kl߃ 6-, 8, 12 `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m¬

XXv `m-h-hr≤nw Ie-b¥n tZmssjx

˛ B `mh-߃°v XßfpsS tZmj߃sIm- v KpWw sNøpw. (]m-]-∑m¿ Zpÿm-

\-ßfn¬ -\n-∂m¬ B `mh-ß-fpsS tZmj-^ew IqSpw F∂¿∞w).

ip`mx Xp X¤m-h-ebw

˛ ip`-∑m¿ \n∂memIs´, B `mh-߃°p (Zp-ÿm-\-߃°p) \miw D- m-Ip-∂p.

 254

XkvamXv A{X A-cn-`m-hmZn ^-e-{]-Wm-ix.

˛ (A-Xm-b-Xv) ip-`-ÿn-Xn-sIm- v Bdv XpS-ßnb (6-˛8-˛12) `mh-ßfpsS tZmj-^ew

\in-°p-∂p.

hni-Zo-I-cWw:

1. ]m-]-∑m¿ Zpÿm-\-ßfn¬ -\n-∂m¬ B `mh-ß-fpsS tZmj-^ew IqSpw F∂Xp

kmam\y\n-b-aw-am-{X-am-Wv. (Bdmw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn® l¿j-˛-k-c-f- -hn-a-e-

tbm-K-߃ ImWp-I.)

2. ip-`-ÿn-Xn-sIm- v Zpÿm-\-ß-fpsS tZmjw Xocp-sa-¶nepw, AXv B ip`-{K-l-

Øns‚ _esØ tZmj-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p-ap-- v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Bdnse hymgw

i{Xp-°ƒs°-Xnsc {]Xn-tcm-[-ambn \n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n-epw, Zpÿm-\-ÿnXn

hymgsØ Zp¿∫-e-\m-°p-∂p-ap-- v.

`mhmXv `mh-Nn¥

(20)

`mhky bsskyh ^ew hnNn¥yw

`mhw N Xw e·-an-Xn -{]-Iev]y

Xkvam-Zz-tZ-±zm-Z-i-`m-h-Pm\n

^em\n X{Zq-]-[-\m-Zn-Im-\n.

`mhky bsskyh ^ew hnNn¥yw ˛ GsXmcp `mh-Øns‚ ^eamtWm

Adntb- Xv

`mhw N Xw e·-an-Xn- {]-Iev]y ˛ B `mhsØ e·-ambn k¶-ev]n-®v

XkvamXv ˛ AXp-ap-X¬-

cq-]-[-\m-Zn-Im-\n. ˛ cq]w (e-·w), [\w (c-- mw-`m-hw) XpS-ßn-

Zzm-Z-i-`m-h-Pm\n ˛ ]{¥- p `mh-ß-fpsSbpw

^em\n ˛ ^e-߃

htZXv ˛ ]d-bWw. (Nn-¥n-°-Ww.)

Imc-ImXv ^e-Nn¥

(21)

Ghw ln XXvIm-c-ItXm hnNn¥yw

]nXp› amXp› ktlm-Z-cky

X∑m-Xp-e-kym]n kpXky ]Xyp¿˛

`rXyky kqcymZn {Kl-ÿn-X¿£m-Xv.

Ghw ln kqcymZn {Kl-ÿn-X¿£m-Xv. ˛ C{]Im-cwXs∂ kqcy≥ XpS-ßnb

{Kl-߃ \n¬°p∂ cmin-Isfs°m- v

(Im-c-I-∑m¿ \n¬°p∂ cminsb e·-am-°n)

X¬Im-c-ItXm hnNn¥yw ˛ `mh-Im-c-I-∑m-sc-s°m- pw Nn¥n-°-Ww.

AXm-b-Xv-˛˛

 255

]nXp ˛ A—s‚ Imcyß-f-dn-bm≥ kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw

amXp ˛ AΩ ˛ N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw

ktlm-Z-c ˛ ktlm-Z-c≥ IpP≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw

am-Xp-e- ˛ AΩm-h≥ ˛ _p[≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw

kpX ˛ ]p{X≥ ˛ hymgw \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw

]Xn ˛ If{Xw ˛ ip{I≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw

`rXy ˛ the-°m-c≥ i\n \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw (Nn¥n-°-Ww.)

DZm-l-cWw: kqcy-s\-s°m- v A—-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bp∂ hn[w

(22)

kqcy-kvYn-X¿£m÷-\-I-kz-cq]w

hr≤nw Zzn-Xo-tb\ Xp XXv{]-Imiw

XZv{`m-Xcw Xky KpWw XrXo-bm˛

Ø∑m-Xcw Nm]n kpJw NXp¿∞m-Xv.

(23)

_p≤nw {]kmZw kpX-`m® jjvTmXv

]oUmw ]nXp¿t±m-j-a-cnw N tcmKw

Imaw aZw Xky Xp k]vX-ta\

ZpxJw arXnw arXypKr-lmØZm-bpx.

(24)

]pWyw ip`w XXv]n-Xcw ipt`\

hym]m-c-a-sskyh ln I¿Ω-`m-hmXv

em`w lyp]m-¥ymXv £b-a-¥y-`m-hm˛

®{μm-Zn-Im\mw ^e-ta-h-am-lpx.

1. kqcy-kvYn-X¿£m P-\-I-kz-cq]w - ˛ kqcy≥ \nev°p∂ `mhwsIm- v A—s‚ cq]w

2. hr≤nx Zzn-Xo-tb\ ˛ AXns‚ ASpØ `mhwsIm- v

A—s‚ [\-hr-≤nbpw

3. XXv {`m-Xcw Xky KpWw XrXo-bm ˛ aq∂masØ- `mhw-sIm- v A—s‚

ktlm-Z-c-∑m-scbpw KpW-tØbpw

4. X∑m-Xcw N A]n kpJw NXp¿∞m-Xv ˛ \memw`mhwsIm- v A—s‚ AΩ-tbbpw

A—s‚ kpJtØbpw-

5. _p≤nw {]kmZw kpX-`mXv N ˛ A©mw `mhwsIm- v A—s‚ _p≤nbpw

{]kmZhpw

6. jjvTmXv ]nXpx ]oUmw tZm-jw Acnw N tcmKw ˛ Bdmw-`mhwsIm- v A—s‚

D]-{Z-h-߃, tZmj-߃, i{Xp, tcmKw

7. Imaw aZw Xky Xp k]vX-ta\ ˛ Ggmw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ Imaw, aZw

8. ZpxJw arXnw arXypKr-lmXv XZm-bpx.˛ F´mw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ Bbp ,v

ZpxJw, arXn F∂n-hbpw

9. ]pWyw ip`w XXv]n-Xcw ipt`\ ˛ HºXmw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ ]pWyw, ip`w

F∂n-hbpw A—s‚ A—-t\bpw

10. I¿Ω-`m-hmXvhym]m-c-w A-sskyh ln ˛ ]Ømw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ hym]m-chpw

11. em`w D]m-¥ymXv ˛ ]Xns\m∂mw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ em`hpw

 256

--12. £b-w A¥y-`m-hmXv ˛ ]{¥- mw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ £bhpw

(\mi-hpw)Nn¥n-°-Ww.

N{μm-Zn-Im\mw ^e-w Gh-w B-lpx

˛ AΩ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS Imcy-߃ CXp-t]mse N{μ≥ XpS-ßnb Imc-I-{K-l-ß-

sf-s°m- p ]d-b-Ww.

(25)

XØ-¤m-hmXv Imc-Im-tZ-h-aqlyw

XØ-∑m-Xr-{`m-Xr-]n-{Xm-fl-PmZyw

Xkvan≥ `mth ImctI `mh-\mtY

hotcym-t]tX Xky `mhky kuJyw. 25

XØ-¤m-hmXv ˛ AXmXv `mh-ßsf-s°m- pw

Imc-Im-Xv ˛ Imc-I-{Kl-ß-sf-s°m- pw-

XØXv ˛ PmX-Is‚

-am-Xr- ˛ AΩ

{`m-Xr ˛ ktlm-Z-c≥

-]n-{X ˛ A—≥

B-fl-PmZyw ˛ a°ƒ XpS-ßnbhsb√mw

Gh-w Dulyw ˛ C{]-Im-cw Nn¥n®p ]d-b-Ww.

Xkvan≥ ˛ CXn¬

`mth ˛ `mhw

ImctI ˛ Imc-I≥

`mh-\mtY ˛ `mh-\m-Y≥ (C-h-bn¬)

hotcym-t]tX ˛ _e-ap≈tXtXm

Xky ˛ AXns‚

`mhky ˛ `mh-Øn\v

kuJyw ˛ kuJyw (^e-Zm-\-tijn) D- m-Ipw.

(26)

[¿tΩ kqcyx ioX-Kp¿∫-‘p-`mth

iutcy `uax ]©ta tZh-a{¥o

Imta ip{I-›m-jvSta `m\p-]p{Xx

Ipcym-Øky t¢i-anXymlpc-t\y.

[¿tΩ kqcyx ˛ Hº-Xnse kqcy≥

ioX-Kpx _‘p-`mth ˛ \men¬ N{μ≥

iutcy `uax ˛ aq∂n¬ IpP≥

]©ta tZh-a{¥o ˛ A©n¬ hymgw

Imta ip{I ˛ Ggn¬ ip{I≥

AjvSta `m\p-]p{Xx ˛ F´n¬ i\n

Ipcym-Xv Xky t¢iw ˛ Ch AXmXp `mh-߃°p

t¢i-ap- m°psa∂p

CXn Blpx At\y ˛ thsd Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂p.

(Imc-I-{Klw `m-h-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂Xp `mh--Øn\p \√-X√.)

 257

(27)

et·-iztcm b¤-h-t\-i-bpt‡m

b¤m-h-K-kvXky ^ew ZZmXn

`mth XZoti _e-`mPn tX\

`mth\ kuJyw hyk\w _tem-t\.

et·-izcx ˛ e·m-[n-]≥

b¤-h-t\-i-bpt‡m ˛ GXp `mhm-[n-]-s‚-Iq-sS-bmtWm \n¬°p-∂Xv

b¤m-h-Kx- ˛ (A-s√-¶n¬) GXp `mh-Øn-emtWm \n¬°p-∂Xv

Xky Xky ˛ AXm-Xns‚ (B `mhm[n]s‚ / `mh-Øns‚)

^ew ZZmXn ˛ ^ew Xcp-∂p. (-_ew h¿≤n∏n-°p-∂p.)

`mth XZoti ˛ B `mh-Øn\pw AXns‚ \mY\pw

_e-`mPn tX\ ˛ _eap-s- -¶n¬

`mth\ kuJyw ˛ B `mhw ip`-^ew (\¬Ip-∂p).

hyk\w _tem-t\. ˛ _e-an-s√-¶n¬ hyk\w (Zp-J-^-e-hpw)

D- mIp∂p.

(e-·m-[n-]-_-‘w-am{Xw t]mcm, kz¥-amb ASn-ÿm-\-_-ew-Iq-Sn- th-W-sa-∂¿∞w.)

(28)

b¤m-h-{]-`pWm bptXm _e-hXm apJymw-KtKm e·]x

XXv`mhm-\p- hw ip`w hnX-\ptX b¤m-h-K-kvXky N

kwbpt‡m _e-lo-\-`m-h-]-Xn\m \nμym-wK-`mPm ^ew

Ipcym-Ø-Zzn-]-co-X-ta-h-ap-ZnXw k¿thjp `mth-jz-]n.

1 apJymw-KtKm e·]x ˛ e·m-[n-]\v, AjvS-h¿§-_e-ap≈`mh-Øns‚

\m-Y≥

`m-h-{]-`pWm bptXm _e-hXm ˛ _e-hm-\mbn e·m-[n-]-s‚-IqsS, \n¬°p-∂p-

sh-¶n¬

XXv`mhm-\p- hw ip`w hnX-\ptX ˛ B `mh-Øns‚ A\p-`hw ip`-am-Ip-∂p.

2 bXv `m-h-K-x Xky N ˛ GXp `mh-Øn-emtWm Cßns\ \n¬°p-∂Xv,

AXn-s‚- A\p-`hhpw ip`-am-Ip-∂p.

3 kwbpt‡m _e-lo-\-`m-h-]-Xn\m \nμym-wK-`mPm ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb `mhm-[n-]-s‚-

IqsS AjvS-h¿§-_-e-an-√mØ e·m-[n-]≥

\n∂m¬

^ew Ipcym-Xv XXv hn-]-co-X-w G-hw -D-ZnXw ˛ ^ew hn]-co-X-am-bn-cn-°pw.

k¿thjp `mth-jp A]n. ˛ F√m `mh-ß-sf-s°m- pw Cßs\ Nn¥n-°-Ww

.

(29)

Zpxÿm-\-]-kvX-Zn-X-c-kz-Kr-l-ÿn-X-t›Xv

kzt£-{X- m-h-^-e-tah ItcmXn \m\yw

atμm artK kpX-Krtl bZn ]p{X-kn≤nx

jjvTm-[n-]-Xy-Ir-X-tZm-j-^ew \ Nm{X.

Zpxÿm-\-] X-Xv -C-X-c -kz-Kr-l- ÿn-X-t›Xv ˛ Zpÿm-\m-[n-]≥ (6-˛8-˛12 `mhm-[n-

]≥) Xs‚ as‰mcp cmin-bmb kzt£-{X-Øn¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ

 258

kzt£-{X- m-h-^-e-w Gh ItcmXn \ A\yw

˛ \n¬°p∂ t£{X-Øns‚ ^e-a-√msX as‰ `mh-Øns‚ (Zpÿm-\Øns‚)

^ew \¬IpIbn-√. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v:--:˛˛

atμm artK kpX-Krtl bZn ]p{X-kn≤nx

˛ i\n aI-c-Øn¬, A©n¬, (\n¬°p∂p) F¶n¬ ]p{X-em`w (D- mIpw);

jjvTm-[n-]-Xy-Ir-X-tZm-j-^ew \ N A{X

˛ Bdmw `mhm-[n-]-Xyw- sIm- p≈ tZm-j^ew D- m-In-√.

I∂n e·-Øn\p aIcw A©mw`mhhpw Ip`w Bdmw`mhhpw BW-t√m. A©pw

Bdpw `mh-ß-fpsS A[n-]Xn Htc {Klw (i-\n) Xs∂. A©n¬ \n¬°p∂ i\nA©mw

`mhm-[n-]Xn F∂ \nebv°p≈ \√ ^ea-√m-sX, Bdmw `mhm-[n-]Xn F∂ \ne bv°p≈

tZmjw sNøpIbn-√ F∂p kmcw.

(30)

cmiu ÿnXn¿ΩntYm tbmtKm

ZrjvSn tIt{μjp kwÿnXnx

{XntImtW hm ÿnXnx ]©˛

{]Imtcm _‘ Cucn-Xx.

1. cmiu ÿnXnx antYm ˛ ]c-kv]cw cmin amdn \n¬°pI

2. tbmtKm ˛ H∂n®p \n¬°pI,

3. ZrjvSn ˛ ]c-kv]cZrjvSn

4. tIt{μjp kwÿnXn ˛ ]c-kv]cw tI{μØn¬ \n¬°pI,

5. {XntImtWÿnXn ˛ ]c-kv]cw {XntIm-W-Øn¬ ÿnXn

]©{]Imtcm ˛ (Cßs\) A©p {]Im-c-Øn¬

_‘ Cucn-Xx ˛ {Kl-_‘w ]d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

259 

A≤ymbw 16

`mh^ew hnjbhnhcw 1. icoc{]IrXn, \ndw, AwKß-fpsS KpW-tZm-j-߃

2˛14 e·m[n]≥apX¬ ]{¥- mw`mhm[n]≥hscbp≈hcpsS

ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃

15. `mhkn≤nImew

(1)

e·\hmwi]XpeyX\px kym-˛

ZzocybpX{KlXpeyX\p¿hm

N{μktaX\hmwi]h¿vWx

ImZnhne·hn`‡`Km{Xx

1. icoc{]IrXn, \ndw, AwKß-fpsS KpW-tZm-j-߃

1. e·\hmwi]XpeyX\pkymXv ˛ e·\hmwiw hcp∂ cmin-bpsS \mYs\

hocybpX{KlXpeyX\px hm ˛ As√¶n¬ PmX-I-Ønse _e-°q-Sp-Xep≈-

{KlØns\ A\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn°pw

icoc {]IrXn.*

* as‰mcp hymJym\w: PmX-I\v e·m-[n-]-s‚tbm e·-\-hmw-im-[n-]-s‚tbm {]Ir-Xn-bv°-

\p-k-cn® tZl-am-Wp- m-hp-I

2. N{μktaX \hmwi] h¿vWx ˛ N{μ\hmwiw hcp∂ cminbpsS \mY\p

]d-™n-´p-≈-Xm-bn-cn°pw \ndw.

3 ImZnhne·hn`‡n`Km{Xx ˛ ImemwKmZn (1::4) hnhcW{]Imcw Hmtcm

cminbnepw \n¬°p∂ {Kl߃°\pkcn

®mbncn°pw AhbhßfpsS KpWtZmj߃

(2)

et·ti tI{μtImtW kv^pSIc\nItc

tkzm®t` hm kzt` hm

tI{μmZ\y{X kwtÿ \n[\`h\t]

kuaybpt‡ hnet·

 260

Zo¿Lmbpjvam≥ [\mtVym alnXKpWbptXm

`qan]me{]ikvtXm

e£ohm≥ kpμcmwtKm ZrVX\pc`tbm

[m¿ΩnIx kXvIpSpw_o.

2. e·m[n]\pw e·-Øn\pw _e-ap-s- -¶n¬

et·ti ˛ e·m[n]≥

1. tI{μ tImtW -˛ tI{μØntem, {XntImWØntem

kv^pSIc\nItc ˛ civan_etØmsStbm

tkzm®t` hm kzt` hm ˛ D®Øntem kzt£{XØntem \n¬°pIbpw

2. \n[\`h\t] ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]≥

tI{μmXv A\y{X kwtÿ ˛ tI{μa√mØ `mh-Øn¬ \n¬°pIbpw

3. kuaybpt‡ hnet· ˛ e·Øn¬ ip`{Klap- mhpIbpw

sNbvXm¬, ^ew:

Zo¿Lmbpjvam≥ ˛ Zo¿Lmbp v

[\mtVym --˛ [\nI≥

alnXKpWbptXm ˛ h¿≤n® KpWßtfmSpIqSnbh≥

`qan]me {]ikvtXm ˛ cm-Pm-hn-s\-t∏mse {]i-kvX-≥

e£ohm≥ ˛ sFizcyap≈h≥

kpμcmwtKm ˛ kuμcyap≈h≥

ZrVX\p ˛ Dd® icocap≈h≥

A`tbm ˛ `ban√mØh≥

[m¿ΩnI ˛ [m¿ΩnI≥

kXvIpSpw_o ˛ \√ IpSpw_tØmSpIqSnbh≥

3. e·m[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃

(3)

kXvkw_‘bptX Itf_c]Xu kZv{Kmahmtkm f Yhm

kXvkwKx {]_e{KtlW klntXm hnJymX`q]m{ibx

tkzm®tÿ \r]Xnx kzbw kzKrltK X÷∑`qau kvYnXnx

k©mc›ct` ÿnXnx ÿncKrtl Zzμw hncq]w ^ew.

(4)

hnJymXx InctWmPzte X\p]Xu kptÿ kpJo h¿≤t\m

Zpxtÿ ZpxJkZr£\oN`ht\ (1) hmtkm \nIrjvSÿte

kzÿw PohXn i‡naXypZbt` h¿≤njvWpcq¿Pkztem

\n»‡u \nltXm ZznjZv`nckIrXv Jnt∂m `thZmXpcx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: aqV k]Xv\ \oN `ht\

Itf_c]Xu ˛ e·m[n]≥1,

kXvkw_‘bptX -˛ ip`{KltbmKtØmsSbmWp

\n¬°p∂sX¶n¬

 261

kZv{Kmahmtkm ˛ \√ tZiØp hkn-°p-∂-h-\pw

AYhm ˛ As√¶n¬

kXv kwKx ˛ \√-h-cp-ambn kl-hmkap-≈-h\pw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

2. {]_e{KtlW klntXm ˛ _e-ap≈ {KltØmSpIqsSbmWp

ÿnXnsb¶n¬

hnJymX`q]m{ibx ˛ {]kn≤\mb cmPmhns‚ B{inX\mhpw.

3. kz D®tÿ \r]Xnx ˛ D®cminbnemWp ÿnXn-sb-¶n¬

cmPmhmIpw.

4. kzKrtl XXv P∑`qau kvYnXnx -˛ kzt£{XØnemsW¶n¬P∑tZiØp

Xs∂ Pohn°pw.

5. (1) k©mc›ct` ÿnXnx ˛ NccminbnemsW¶n¬

k©cn°p∂h\mbpw

(2) ÿncKrtl ˛ ÿnccminbnemsW¶n¬ ÿncambn

HcnSØp Ignbp∂h\mbpw hcpw.

(3) Zztμ Zzncq]w ^ew. ˛ D`bcminbnemsW¶n¬

c- p kz`mhhpw ImWn°pw.

6. hnJymXx InctWmPzte X\p]Xu e·m[n]\p civan_eaps- -¶n¬

hnJymX\mIpw.

7. kptÿ kpJo h¿≤t\m

˛ kpÿm\Øv (6-˛8-˛12 Hgn-sI-bp≈ `mh-ß-fn¬) \n∂m¬ kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-

∂-h\pw A`n-hr≤n-bp-≈-h\pamIpw.

8 Zpxtÿ ZpxJ ˛ Zpÿm-\ (6-˛8-˛12) -ÿnXn : ZpxJw

9 \oN`ht\ hmtkm \nIrjvSÿte˛ \oNcmin-ÿnXn: \nIrjvSamb ÿeßfn¬

hkn°p∂h≥

10. i‡naXypZbt` ˛ (e-·m-[n-]≥) _ehm\mbn

e·Øn¬ \n¬°p∂psh¶n¬

h¿≤njvWp Du¿Pkztem ˛ A`n-hr-≤n-bp-≈-h-\mbn, Du¿P-kz-e-\mbn

kzÿw PohXn ˛ kzÿ-ambn Pohn-°pw.

\n»‡u \nltXm ZznjZv`nckIrXv Jnt∂m `thZmXpcx.

˛ e·m[n]≥ _e-c-lnX\msW¶n¬ PmXI≥ ]cm-Pn-X\pw ZpJn-X\pw

tcmKnbp-am-bn-cn-°pw.

4. c- mw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃

(5)

A¿∞kzman\n apJym`mhPpjn k’z¿t∞ IpSpw_{inbm

k¿thmXvIrjvSKptWm [\o N kpapJx kym±qcZ¿io \cx

kw_t‘ khnXp¿ZznXob]Xn\m temtIm]Imc£amw

hnZyma¿∞ahm]v\pbmZY it\x £p{Zm¬]hnZymcXx

 262

(6)

ssPth sshZnI[¿Ωimkv{X\n]ptWm

_ut[ f ¿∞imkvt{X ]Spx

irwKmtcm‡n]Sp¿`rtKm¿lnacptNx

In©nXvIemhnZv `thXv

IutP {IqcIem]Sp› ]nipt\m

cmlu ÿntX temlfx

tIXu `iyZfoIhmKv [\KssXx

]mss]› aqtVm f [\x.

1 A¿∞kzman\o -˛ c- mw`mhm[n]≥

(1) apJy`mhPpjn, ˛ kpÿm\ßfn¬ \n∂mepw

(2) k’p A¿t∞ - ˛ ip`∑m¿ c- n¬ \n∂mepw

IpSpw_{inbm ˛ PmXI≥ IpSpw_{iotbmsS

k¿thmXvIrjvSKptWm ˛ k¿thmXvIrjvSamb

KpWßtfmSpIqSnbh\pw

[\o kpapJx ZqcZ¿io \cx ˛ [\nI\pw kpapJ\pw Zo¿LZ¿inbp

ambncn°pw.

2 kw_t‘

˛ c- mw-`m-hm-[n-]\p kqcy≥ XpS-ßnb {Kl-ß-fp-ambn _‘w (15-:30) h∂m¬˛

(1).khnXpx temtIm]Imc£amw hnZymw A¿∞w Ahm]v\pbmXv

˛ c- mw`mhm[n]\p kqcy\pambn _‘w h∂m¬ temtIm]Im{]Zamb

hnZybpw, [\hpw D- m-Ipw.

(2) it\x £p{Zm¬]hnZymcXx

˛ i\nbpambn _‘w h∂m¬ £p{Zhpw \n m-chpamb hnZyIfn¬ cX\mIpw

(3) ssPth sshZnI[¿Ωimkv{X\n]ptWm

˛ hymgtØmSp _‘w h∂m¬ thZßfnepw [¿Ωimkv{Xßfnepw \n]pW\mIpw.

(4) _ut[ f ¿Yimkvt{X ]Spx

˛ _p[\pambn _‘w h∂m¬ A¿∞imkv{Xßfn¬ ka¿∞≥.

(5) irwKmtcm‡n]Spx `rtKmx

˛ ip{I\pambn _‘w h∂m¬ irwKmcw ]dbp∂Xn¬ ka¿∞≥.

(6) lnacptNx In©nXvIemhnZv `thXv

˛ N{μ\pambn _‘w h∂m¬ IemImc≥

(7) IutP {IqcIem]Sp› ]nipt\m

˛ IpP\pambn _‘w h∂m¬ Bkpcamb IeIfn¬ ka¿∞≥, {Iqc≥

(8) cmlu ÿntX temlfx

˛ c- mw `mhm[n]\p cmlphpambn _‘w h∂m¬ sIm™≥ (hn°≥)

(9) tIXu `iyZfoIhmKv

˛ tIXphpambn _‘w h∂m¬ Ifhp ]dbp∂≥.

[\KssXx ]mss]x aqtV A[\x.

˛ ]m]{Kl-߃ c- n¬ \n∂m¬ aqV\pw Zcn{Z\pw Bbncn°pw.

 263

5. aq∂mw `mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃

(7)

_t‘m bZn kymØ\piucy\mYtbm˛

ct\ym\ycminÿnXtbm¿∫emVytbmx

ss[cyw N iucyw klPm\pIqeXmw

{]m]vt\mXybw kmlkImcyI¿XrXmw.

(8)

iucyt] Xp _enkZv{Klbpt‡

ImctI f ]n ip``mhapt]tX

{`mXrhr≤ncY hocyhnlot\

ZpxÿntX `hXn tkmZc\miw.

(9)

Abp‹cmiu bZn ImctIiu

Kp¿h¿I`qkq\p \nco£nXu tNXv

HmtPm Krlx kymZyZn hn{IamJyx

]pw{`mXckvXzwihimZv `thbpx.*

1 _emVytbmx˛ ˛ _ehm∑cmb

X\piucy\mYtbm ˛ e·m[n]\pw aq∂mw`mhm[n]\pw

At\ym\ycminkvYnXtbmx ˛ ]ckv]cw cmin amdnbp≈

_t‘m ˛ _‘tØmsS (15-:30) \n∂m¬

ss[cyw iucyw klPm\pIqeyXmw {]m]vt\mXybw kmlkImcyI¿XrXmw.

˛ ss[cyw, iucyw, ktlmZcKpWw, kmlk{]h¿ØnIƒ Ch ^ew.

2. iucyt] Xp _en ˛ aq∂mw`mhm[n]≥ _eimenbmbn,

kZv{Klbpt‡ ˛ ip`cpambn _‘tØmsS Ccn°pIbpw,

ImctI A]n ip``mhapt]tX ˛ `mhImcI≥ (IpP≥) ip``mhØn¬

\n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬

`mXrhr≤ncY ˛ ktlmZc߃°v A`nhr≤nbp- mIpw.

hocyhnlot\, ZpxÿnXu, ˛ aq∂mw`mhm[n]≥ _ean√msX

Zpÿm\Øp \n∂m¬

`hXn tkmZc\miw. ˛ ktlmZc\miw ^ew.

3 (1) ImctIiu Abp‹cmiu ˛ ImcI\pw aq∂mw`mhm[n]\pw

HmPcminbn¬ -\n¬°pI

(2) Kpcp A¿° `qkq\p \nco£nX hymgw, kqcy≥, IpP≥ ChcpsS ZrjvSn D- mhpI

(3) HmtPm Krlx bZn hn{IamJyx ˛ aq∂mw`mhw HmPcminbmhpI (F¶n¬)

]pw{`mXckvXp .. `thbp ˛ ktlmZc∑m¿ D- mIpw.

* Awi-h-imXv `thbpx F∂Xv c- p Xc-Øn¬ hymJym-\n-°-s∏-´n-´p-- v.

1. ImcI\pw aq∂mw`mhm[n]\pw HmPcminbn¬ -\n¬°pIbpw Awin-°p-Ibpw

thWw-

2. \hmw-iw- A-\p-k-cn®v (sN∂ \hmw-i-w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂{X) ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ D- mIpw

 264

.6. \memw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃

(10)

Zpÿmt\ kpJt] iin\y]n kXmw

tbmtK£ssW¿h¿PntX

]m]m¥x ÿnXnaXykZv{KlbptX

ZrjvtS P\\ymx arXnx

GXu Zzmh]n hocyKu ip`bpXu

ZpjvSu ipss`¿_‘pssK¿˛

ΩmXpx kuJyIcu hnt[m› kpJssKx

kussay¿htZØ’pJw.

(11)

et·ti kpJtK f Yhm kpJ]Xu

et· Xtbmco£tW

tbmtK hm iin\kvXYm bZn Itcm˛

Xy¥ymw kzamXpx {Inbmw

At\ym\yw bZn i{Xp\oN`ht\

jjvTmjvSta hm Xtbm¿˛

amXr¿t∂m f ]n ItcmXn \mikatb

_‘kvXtbm¿hm \ tNXv.

(12)

amXr`mthm‡hZzmNyw ]nXr{`mXrkpXmZnjp

`mhImcI`mthssi¿e·et·izssc¿ htZXv.

(13)

kpÿu kptJi`rKpPu X\p_‘pbp‡m˛

hmtμmfnImw P\]tZizcXmw hn[Øx

kz¿WmZy\¿LaWn`qjW]´iøm˛

Imtam]t`mKIcWm\n N tKmKPmizm≥.

(14)

Zptÿ kptJti IpPkqcybpt‡

kptJ f ]n hm P∑Krlw {]ZKv≤w

Po¿Æw XtamaμbptX f cnbpt‡

]ssc¿lrXw tKm£nXnhml\mZyw

1. (1) Zpÿmt\ kpJt]

˛ \memw`mhm[n]≥ Zpÿm\Øp (6˛8-˛12) \n¬°pI

(2) iin\n A]n kXmw tbmK Cu£ssW h¿PntX

˛ N{μ\v ip`cpsS ZrjvSntbm tbmKtam C√mXncn°pI

(3) ]m]m¥xÿnXhXykZv{KlbptX ZrjvtS *

˛ N{μ\v ]m]a≤yÿnXn, ]m]tbmKw, ]m]ZrjvSn Ch D- mhpI, F¶n¬

P\\ymx arXnx ˛ amXracWw ^ew.

1. * ae-bm-f-hym-Jym-\-ß-fn¬ CXns\ AXnAkZv{KlbptX ZrjvtS Fs∂SpØvv

AXn]m-]-tbm-Kw, AXn-]m-]-ZrjvSn F∂v A¿∞w sImSp-Øn-cn°p∂p. amXr-Im-c-I-\mb

 265

Nμ\v ]m]-_‘w h∂m¬Øs∂ AXp amXm-hn\p tZmj-am-Ipw. Xs∂-b-√, ]m]-s\-∂-

√m sX AXn-]m-]s\∂ {]tbmKw km[mcWhpa-√.

2. apI-fn¬ ]d™ aq∂p Imcy-߃, shtΔsd F∂√ Hcp-an®v FSp-Ømepw, amXr-

a-cWw Dd∏n®p ]d-bm-\m-hn-√ F∂v Adn-bmØ Bf√ at{¥-iz-c≥. \memw-`m-hm-[n-

]\pw amXr-Im-c-I\pw Hcp-t]mse Zp¿∫-e-cm-bn-cp-∂m¬ AXv amXr-Kp-W-tØtbm, amXm-

hns‚ Bbp- n-s\-Ø-s∂tbm, _m[n°mw F∂-XmWv ASn-ÿm\ Bi-bw.

2. GXu Zzmh]n ˛ \memw`mhm[n]\pw N{μ\pw

(1) hocyKu ip`bpXu ZrjvSu ˛ _e-hm-∑m-cmbn ip`-{K-l-tbmKtØmsS /

ip`{KlZrjvSntbmsS \n¬°pI

(2) ipss` _‘pssK ˛ \memw`mhØn¬ ip`{Kl߃ \n¬°pI

amXpx kuJyIcu ˛ F¶n¬, amXmhn\v kuJyamWv.

hnt[m› kp`ssKx kussayx ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂p kpÿm-\-ß-fn¬ ip`¿

\n∂mepw

htZXv X’pJw ˛ amXmhns‚ kuJysØ ]dbWw.

3. et·ti kpJtK ˛ e·m[n]≥ \men¬

AYhm kpJ]Xu et· ˛ As√¶n¬ \memw`mhm[n]Xn e·Øn¬

Xtbmco£tW ˛ Ch-cpsS (]ckv]c) ZrjvSn,

tbmtK ˛ (Ch-¿ XΩn¬) tbmKw

hm iin\x XYm ˛ As√¶n¬ Ch¿ N{μs‚ IqsS \n¬°pI

F¶n¬

ItcmXy¥ymw kzamXpx {Inbmw ˛ amXmhns‚ A¥y{InbIƒ sNøpw.

.4. At\ym\yw -˛ Ah¿ (e·m[n]\pw \memw`mhm[n]\pw)

]ckv]cw

i{Xp\oN`ht\ ˛ i{Xpt£{XØntem \oNcminbntem

jjvTmjvSta hm Xtbmx ˛ Bdv, F´v ÿm\ßfntem \n¬°pI

_‘x Xtbmx hm \ tNXv. ˛ Ah¿ XΩn¬ _‘w C√mXncn°pI

Cßs\ h∂m¬

amXrx \ A]n ItcmXn \mikatb˛ amXm-hns‚ ac-W-k-a-bØp tij-{In-b-Iƒ

sNøm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

5. amXr`mh D‡hXv hmNym ˛ amXr`mhsØ°pdn®p ]d™Xpt]mse

]nXr `mXr kpXmZnjp ˛ ]nXr`mhw, ktlmZc`mhw, ]p{X`mhw

XpSßnbhbpw

mh ImcI `mthssix ˛ `mhw, `mh-Im-c-I≥, `mhm[n]≥,

Chscs°m- pw (Ah¿°p)

e·et·izssc¿ htZXv. ˛ e·hpw, e·m[n]\pam-bp≈ _‘w-

]cn-K-Wn®pw ]dbWw.

6. kptJi `rKpPu -˛ \memw`mhm[n]\pw ip{I\pw

kpÿu ˛ kpÿm\ßfn¬ \n∂mepw

X\p_‘pbp‡m ˛ e·Øntem \mentem \n∂mepw

BtμmfnImw P\]tZizcXmw ˛ ]√°v, cmPXzw,

kz¿WmZnA\¿LaWn`qjW]´iøm˛kz¿Æw XpSßnbh, hne]nSn® cXv\߃,

B`cW߃, InS°,

Imtam]t`mKIcWm\n N ˛ Imtam]t`mKhkvXp°ƒ,

 266

tKmKPmizm≥. ˛ ]ip°ƒ, B\Iƒ, IpXncIƒ XpSßnbh

D- mIpw.

7. Zptÿ kptJti -˛ \memw`mhm[n]Xn Zpÿm\Øv ÿnXn

IpPkqcybpt‡ ˛ As√¶n¬ IpP\pw kqcy\pambn tbmKw

kptJ]n hm ˛ \men¬ IpP\pw kqcy\pw \n¬°pI

Chbps- ¶n¬

P∑Krlw {]ZKv≤w ˛ P∑Krlw IØnt∏mIpw.

8. XtamaμbptX ˛ (\memw`mhm[n]Xn°v) i\n˛cmlp°tfmSv

_‘w h∂m¬

(P∑Krlw) Po¿Æw ˛ P∑-KrlwPo¿Æmhÿbnep≈Xmbn-cn-°pw.

9 Acnbpt‡ ˛ (\memw`mhm[n]Xn) i{Xp°tfmSpIqSn

\∂m¬

tKm£nXnhml\mZyw ˛ ]ip°fpw `qanbpw hml\ßfpsams°

]ssc¿lrXw ˛ h√hcpw sIm- pt]mIpw.

7 A©mw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃

(15)

kuay¿£mwti kuaybpt‡ ]©ta hm XZoiztc

sshtijnImwti kZv`mth [oam∂njvI]So `thXv

]©ta ˛ A©mw-`mhw

kuay¿£mwti ˛ ip-`-{K-l-Øns‚ cmin-tbm

kuaybpt‡ ˛ ip`AwiItam

kuaybpt‡ ˛ ip`t\mSpIqSntbm BhpI;

hm ˛ As√-¶n¬

XZoiztc ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]≥

sshtijnImwti ˛ sshtijnImwiØnepw*

kZv`mth ˛ ip``mhßfnepw -\n¬°pItbm

sNbvXm¬

[oam≥ \njvI]So `thXv ˛ _p≤nimenbpw I]San√mØh\pw Bbn

`hn°pw.

* ^e-Zo-]nI aq∂mw A≤ymbw Ggmw-t«m-I-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ DØ-amwiw XpS-ßn-b-

h-bmWv sshti-jn-Imw-i-߃.

8. Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃ (16)

ÿnXnx ]m]m\mw hm ZznjZn _ebp‡mcn]Xn\m

bptXm hm ZrjvtSm hm bZn cn]p{Ktl hm

Acoix tIt{μ hm]yip`JKkwho£nXbptX

cn]qWmw ]oUmw {ZmKv`ria]cnlcymw hnX\ptX.

 267

(17)

jjvtTizcmZXn_en\ypZbm[n\mtY

kuay{KlmwiklntX ip`ZrjvSnbpt‡

kutJyiztc f ]n k_te bZn tI{μtImtW˛

jzmtcmKy`mKyklntXm ZrVKm{Xbp‡x.

(18)

i{Xp\mtY Xp Zpxÿmt\ \oNaqVmcnkwbptX

XkvamZv_emtVy et·ti i{Xp\miw cn]u(1) ipt`.

]mTt`Zw: (1) chu ipt` ˛ Hº-Xn¬ kqcy≥

(19)

bZv`mthibptXm sshcn\mtYm bZv`mhkw{inXx

jjvTÿntXm bZv`mthix kvtX `mhmip`Xmw bbpx.

1 1. ]m]m\mw ZznjZn ÿnXnx ˛ Bdn¬ ]m]{Kl߃ \n¬°pI

2. X\p]Xnx _ebp‡ Acn]Xn\m bptXm ZrjvtSm

˛ e·m[n]\p _ehm\mb Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm

D- mhpI,

3. cn]p{Ktl X\p]Xnx ˛ e·m[n]≥ Bdn¬ \n¬°pI,

4. Acoix tIt{μ ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]≥ tI{μØn¬ \n¬°pI

5. Aip` JK ho£nX bptXm ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]\v ]m]{KlßfpsS

ZrjvSntbm tbmKtam D- mhpI

Ch-sb-√mw-Xs∂

cn]qWmw ]oUmw {ZmKv`ria]cnlmcymw

˛ ]cn-lm-c-an-√msX F°m-ehpw XpS-cp∂ i{Xp-i-eysØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

2 DZbm[n\mtY ˛ e·m[n]≥

1 jjvtTizcmXv AXn_en\n ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]t\°mƒ

_eap≈h\mbncn°pI

2 kuay{KlmwiklntX ˛ ip`{KlßfpsS cminbn¬ Awin°pI

3 ip`ZrjvSnbpt‡ ˛ ip`{KlßfpsS ZrjvSntbm tbmKtam

D- mhpI

. 4 kutJyiztc k_te ˛ \memw`mhm[n]≥ _ehm\mbn

tI{μtImtWjp ˛ tI{μØntem {XntImWØntem \n¬°pI

F¶n¬

BtcmKy`mKyklntXm ZrVKm{Xbp‡x.˛ BtcmKyw, `mKyw, ZrVKm{Xw

Ch-bp-≈-h\mbncn°pw.

3 1 i{Xp\mtY Zpxÿmt\ ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]\p Zpÿm\ÿnXn,

\oNaqVmcnkwbptX ˛ \oNw, auVyw, i{Xp{KltbmKw

(XpS-ßnb _e-°p-d-hp-Iƒ) D- mhpI

. 2 XkvamXv _emtVy et·ti ˛ et·i\v Bdmw `mhm[n]t\°mƒ

_eap- m-hpI

3 cn]u ipt` ˛ B-dn¬ ip`-∑m¿ \n¬°pI

i{Xp\miw ˛ Ch i{Xp-\m-isØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

 268

4. 1 bZv`mthibptXm sshcn\mtYm ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚ IqsS \n¬°p∂

{Klhpw

(B {KlØn\v B[n]-Xy-ap≈ `mh-hpw)

2. bZv`mhkw{inXx ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂ B `mhhpw

3. jjvTÿntXm XZv`mthix ˛ Bdmw`mhØn¬ \n¬°p∂p {Klhpw

(A-Xns‚ `mh-hpw)

tX `mhmip`Xmw bbpx. ˛ Aip`sØ {]m]n°p∂p. (Zp¿∫-e-am-Ip-∂p.)

Bdmw-`mhw Zpÿm-\-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AXp-amtbm AXns‚ `mhm-[n-]-\p-amtbm D≈

_‘w a‰p `mh-ß-tfbpw Ahbp-ambn _‘s∏´ {Kl-ß-tfbpw Aip-`-I-c-am-°p∂p

F∂p Npcp-°w.

9. Ggmw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃

(20)

kXv kw_‘bptX k]vX¿t£ XZoti _em\zntX

]Xn ]p{XhXo km[zo `mcym k¿hKpssW¿hyXm.

kXv kw_‘bptX k]vX¿£ ˛ Ggmw`mhw ip`{KltØmsSbpw

XZoti _em\zntX ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]≥ _ehm\mbpw Ccp∂m¬

]Xn ]p{XhXo km[zo `mcym ˛ `mcy ]Xn{hXbpw ]p{Xcp≈hfpw

k¿hKpssW¿hyXm. ˛ kº∂bpambncn°pw.

10. F´mw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃ (21)

tI{μmZ\y{X ct{‘ti et·im±p¿_te kXn

hym[n¿∂ hnLv\w \ t¢iw \rWmambp›ncw `thXv.

tI{μmZ\y{X ct{‘ti ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]≥ tI{μßsfmgn®p≈

ÿm\ßfn¬ \n¬°pI;

et·imx Zp¿_te kXn ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]\v e·m[n]t\°mƒ _ew

Ipd™ncn°pI; F¶n¬

hym[nx \ hnLv\w \ t¢iw ˛ hym[nbpw hnLv\hpw t¢ihpw

D- mIn√.

\rWmambp›ncw `thXv ˛ a\pjy\p Zo¿Lmbp v D- m-hp-I-bpw

sNøpw.

11 HºXmw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃ (22)

[¿ta IptP hm kqtcy hm Zptÿ X∂mbtI kXn

]m]a≤yKtX hm f ]n ]nXracWmamZntiXv.

 269

(23)

Znhm kqtcy \nim atμ kptÿ ip`\nco£ntX

[¿tati _ekwbpt‡ Nncw Po]Xn XXv]nXm.

(24)

i\n¿`mKym[n]x kymt®®-ctÿm ipt`-£nXx

kqtcym Zpÿm-\-tK f -]y-\y -f ]n-Xcw lyp]-Po-h-Xn.

(25)

aμmctbmx ioXcpNu N kqtcym

{XntImWtK X÷\\o ]nXr`ymw

Xyt‡m `th—{I]ptcmlntX\

ZrjvtS X\qtP0 f kvXn kpJo Nncmbpx

(26)

[¿ta XZoti hm aμbpt‡ ZrjvtS f ]n hm Ntc

PmtXm ZtØm `th∂q\w hytbti _eimen\n.

1 [¿ta IptP hm kqtcy ˛ HºXn¬ IpPt\m kqcyt\m \n¬°pItbm

hm Zptÿ X∂mbtI kXn ˛ HºXmw`mhm[n]Xn Zpÿm\Øp {6-˛8-˛12)

\n¬°pItbm

]m]a≤yKtX hm ˛ HºXmw`mhm[n]Xn°p ]m]a≤yÿnXn

hcpItbm (sNbvXm¬)

]nXracWw BZntiXv. ˛ ]nXracWw ]dbWw.

2 Znhm kqtcy \nim atμ ˛ ]I¬ P\\Øn¬ kqcy\pw

cm{XnP\\Øn¬ i\nbpw

kptÿ ip`\nco£ntX ˛ ip`ÿm\ßfn¬ ip`ZrjvSntbmsS

\n¬°pIbpw

[¿tati _ekwbpt‡ ˛ HºXmw`mhm[n]\p_eap- mbncn°pIbpw

sNbvXm¬

Nncw Po]Xn XXv]nXm. ˛ PmXIs‚ ]nXmhn\p Zo¿Lmbp p- mIpw

3 i\n `mKym[n]x Nctÿm ˛ i\n HºXmw`mhm[n]\mbn Nccminbn¬,

\ ipt`£nXx ˛ ip`ZrjvSnbn√msX \n¬°pI

kqtcym Zpxÿm\tK ˛ kqcy≥ Zpÿm\Øp \n¬°pI

A\y]nXcw ln D]PohXn ˛ F¶n¬, A\y]nXmhns\ B{ibnt°- nhcpw.

4 ioXcpNu N kqtcym ˛ N{\pw kqcy\pw

aμmctbmx XntImWtK ˛ i\nIpP∑mcpsS

{XntImWØn¬ \n∂m¬

X÷\\o ]nXr`ymw Xyt‡m `thXv ˛ amXm]nXm°fm¬ Dt]£n°s∏Spw.

i{I]ptcmlntX\ ZrjvtS ˛ hymgZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬

X\qP kpJo Nncmbpx AkvXn ˛ B ]p{X≥ kpJnbmbpw Zo¿Lmbp mbpw

Pohn°pw

5 [¿tΩ XZoti hm aμbpt‡ ˛ HºXmw`mhØntem Hº-Xmw-`m-hm-[n-]-s‚-

IqsStbm i\n- \n¬°pI

ZrjvtS]n hm ˛ As√-¶n¬ Ah i\nbm¬ t\m°∏SpI

Ntc ˛ HºXmw`mhw NccminbmhpI

hytbti _eimen\n. ˛ ]{¥- mw`mhm[n]Xn _ehm\mbncn°pI

 270

F¶n¬

PmtXm ZtØm `thXv \q\w ˛ PmX-I≥ ZØp]p{X\mIpw.

12 ]Ømw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃ (27)

\`kn ip`JtKm hm XXv]Xu tIμtImtW

_en\n \nP{Ktlmt® I¿atK e·t] hm

alnX]rYpbimx kym≤¿ΩI¿Ω(1) {]hrØn¿˛

\r]XnkZri`mKyw Zo¿Lambp› Xky. (1) ]mT-t`Zw : hrØ

(28)

Du¿Pkzo P\h√t`m ZiatK kqtcy IptP hm alXv

Imcyw km[bXn {]Xm]_lpew tJi› kptÿm bZn

khvym]mchXow {Inbmw hnX\ptX kutayjp kNv«mLnXmw

I¿atÿjzlnaμtIXpjp `thZpjvI¿aImco \cx.

1. \`kn ip`JtKm hm ˛ ]Øn¬ ip`{Kl߃ \n¬°pI

XXv]Xu ˛ ]Ømw`mhm[n]≥

tI{μtImtW ˛ tI{μØntem {XntImWØntem

\nP{Ktlmt® ˛ kzt£{XØntem D®Øntem

_en\n ˛ _ehm\mbn \n¬°pI

I¿atK e·t] hm ˛ e·m[n]≥ ]Øn¬ \n¬°pI

AXm-b-Xv, ]Ømw-`m-h-Øn¬ ip`{Kl-ÿn-Xnbpw e·m-[n-]ÿnXnbpw

]Ømw-`m-hm[n-]\p {Kl-_ehpw Ds- -¶n¬

alnX]rYpbimx ˛ PmXI≥ hfsc bit msS

kymXv [¿ΩI¿Ω{]hrØn¿ ˛ [m¿ΩnI{]h¿ØnIƒ sNbvXv

\r]XnkZri`mKyw ˛ cmPmhns\t∏mse `mKyhpw

Zo¿Lambpx N Xky. ˛ Zo¿Lmbp pw D≈h\mbn Pohn°pw

.2. ZiatK kqtcy IptP hm ˛ ]Øn¬ kqcy≥ As√-¶n¬ IpP≥ \n∂m¬

Du¿Pkzo P\h√t`m ˛ i‡-\mb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbmIpw,

alXvImcyw km[bXn ˛ henb Imcy߃ km[n°pw.

3. tJi› kptÿm bZn ˛ ]Ømw`mhm[n]≥ kpÿ\msW¶n¬

{]Xm]_lpew {]Xm]nbmIpw.

4. kutayjp ˛ ip`-{K-l-߃ \n∂m¬

kZvhym]mchXow {Inbmw ˛ ip`I¿Ω߃ sNøp∂h\pw

kXv «mLnXmw ˛ kØp°fm¬ «mLn°∏Sp∂h\pamIpw.

5. Aln aμ tIXpjp I¿atÿjp ˛ ]Øn¬ i\ntbm cmlp-tI-Xp-°tfm

\n∂m¬

`thZpjvI¿ΩImco \cx. ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω߃ sNøp∂h\mIpw.

 271

13 ]Xns\m∂mw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃

(29)

emt`ti bZv`mh\mYbpt‡m bZv`mhtK f ]n hm

em`w(1) XZ\pcq]ky hkvXpt\m em`ssKc]n. (1) ]mTt`Zw: `mhw

1. emt`ti bZv`mh\mYbpt‡ ˛ emt`i≥ GXp `mh\mYs‚ IqsS

\n¬°p∂pthm

2. bZv`mhtK]n hm ˛ emt`i≥ GXp `mhØn¬ \n¬°p∂pthm

3. em`ssKc]n. ˛ em`Øn¬ GsX√mw {Kl߃

\n¬°p∂pthm

XZ\pcq]ky hkvXpt\m ˛ AXn\\pkcn®p≈ hkvXp°fpsS

em`ap- mIpw.

]Xn-s\m-∂mw-`m-hhpw ]Xn-s\m∂mw`mhm-[n-]-\p-ambn _‘-ap≈ {Kl-ßfpw `mh-

ßfpw em`-Øn-s‚, hcp-am-\-Øns‚, hgn-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

14. ]{¥- mw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃

(30)

hybÿntXm bZv`mthtim hytbtim b{X XnjvTXn

Xky `mhkym\pcq]hkvXpt\m \miamZntiXv.

hybÿntXm bZv`mthtim ˛ ]{¥- n¬ \n¬°p∂ `mhm-[n-]\pw

hytbtim b{X XnjvTXn ˛ ]{¥- mw `mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂ `mhhpw

A\pkcn®v

Xky `mhky A\pcq]hkvXpt\m ˛ B `mhØn\v A\pcq]amb hkvXp°fpsS

\miamZntiXv. ˛ \miw ]dbWw.

]{μ- n¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-Øn\v B[n-]-Xy-ap≈ `mhhpw ]{¥- mw `mhm-[n-]≥

\n¬°p∂ `mhhpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw \mi-Øpn-s‚, Nne-hns‚, hgn-Iƒ.

15. `mhkn≤nImew

(31)

`mthiÿnX`mwitImWa]n hm `mhw Xp hm e·t]m

et·iÿnX`mwitImWapZbw hm bmXn `mhm[n]x

kwtbmtK f ]n hntemIt\ f ]n N XtbmkvX¤mhkn≤nw XZm

{_qbmXv ImcItbmKXkvX\p]tX¿√·m® N{μmZ]n.

1. `mthi ÿnX ˛- `mh\mY≥ \n¬°p∂

`mwi cminbptStbm AwiIØnt‚tbm

tImWa]n hm ˛ {XntImWØntem

`mhw ˛ `mhØntem

e·t]m ˛ e·m[n]≥ hcp∂ kabtØm

 272

2. et·iÿnX ˛ e·m[n]≥ \n¬°p∂

`mwi ˛ cminbptStbm AwiIØns‚tbm

tImWw ˛ {XntImWØntem

DZbw ˛ e·Øntem

bmXn `mhm[n]x ˛ `mh\mY≥ hcp∂ kabtØm

3. Xtbm ˛ c- p t]cpw (e-·m-[n-]\pw `mh-\m-Y-\pw)

XΩn¬

hntemIt\]n N ˛ tbmK-tam ZrjvSntbm hcp∂ ka-bØpw

XXv `mhkn≤nw XZm ˛ mh-kn-≤n-bp-- mIpw.

4. ImcItbmKXx X\p]tXx ˛ `mh-Im-c-I\pw e·m-[n-]\pw XΩn¬ _‘w

hcp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®pw (Im-c-I≥ tKmN-c-Øn¬

e·m-[n-]≥ \n¬°p∂ `mh-Øn¬ hcp-

tºmgpw) `mh-kn-≤n-bp-- mIpw.

5. {_qbmXv e·mXv N N{μmZ]n. ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw ]d-b-Ww.

(CXp Nn-¥n-°-Ww.)

(32)

bZv`mthiÿnX¿£mwi{XntImWtÿ Kpcp¿ bZm

tKmNtc Xky `mhky ^e{]m]vXnw hn\n¿±tiXv.

bXv `mthi ÿnXx ˛ `mthi≥ \n¬°p∂

E£mwi {XntImWtÿm ˛ cminbptStbm AwiIØnt‚tbm

{XntImWØn¬

Kpcpx bZm tKmNtc ˛ hymgw Nmchim¬ hcptºmƒ

Xky `mhky ^e{]m]vXnw hn\n¿±tiXv ˛ B `mhØns‚ ^e{]m]vXn ]d-b-Ww.

(33)

e·mcn\mYtbmtK Xp et·im±p¿∫te chu

XZm XZziKx i{Xp¿hn]coXatXm f \yYm.

e·mcn\mYtbmtKm Xp ˛ e·m[n]\pw Bdmw-`m-hm-[n]\pw XΩn¬

(tKmN-c-Øn¬) tbmKap- mhpIbpw

et·im±p¿∫te chu ˛ chnbv°p e·m[n]t\°mƒ _ew

Ipd™ncn°pIbpw sNbvXm¬

XZm XZziKx i{Xp ˛ i{Xp°ƒ PmXIs‚ A[o\XbnemIpw.

¿hn]coXatXm f \yYm. ˛ hn]coXambm¬ PmXI≥ ]cm[o\X

bnepamIpw.

(34)

bZv`mh]ky X\p]ky `hXycnXzw

XXvImei{XphitXm f cnarXnkvYnXn¿hm

kv]¿≤mw XZm hZXp tX\ N tKmNcÿ˛

kvXZzXv kplrXza]n kwbpXnssa{XX›.

 273

bZv`mh]ky X\p]ky `hXn AcnXzw XXvImei{XphiXx

˛ mhm[n]\pw e·m[n]\pw (tKmN-c-Øn¬)

XXvImei{Xp°fmIpI

AcnarXnkvYnXn¿hm ˛ A√-¶n¬ (]ckv]cw) 6˛8 `mhßfn¬ hcpI

kv]¿≤mw XZm hZXp tX\ N ˛ F¶n¬ B `mh-kw-_-‘-ambn

hg°p- mIpsa∂p ]dbWw.

tKmNc⁄kvXZzXv kplrXza]n kwbpXn ssa{XXx N.

˛ ChcpsS kwtbmKhpw (XXvIme)ssa{Xnbpw

aqew kulrZhpw `hn°pw.

(35)

et·ibZv`mh]tbmkvXp tbmtKm

bZm XZm XXv^ekn≤nImex

`mthihotcy ip`a\yYm\y˛

√·m® N{μmZ]n Nn¥\obw.

1 et·i bXv `mh]tbmx tbmtKm et·i\pw `mhm[n]\pw XΩn¬

(NmchimXv) tbmKap- mIptºmƒ

bZm XZm XXv^ekn≤nImex ˛ B `mhØns‚ ^ew e`n°pw.

2 `mthi hotcy ip`w, A\yYm\y ˛ mthi\p _eaps- ¶n¬ ip`^ew.

Csæn Aip`^ew.

e·mXv N N{μmXv A]n Nn¥\obw. ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw CXp Nn¥n°Ww.

274 

A≤ymbw 17.

\ncymW{]IcWw

(1)

XØZv`mhmZjvStaiÿnXmwti XXv{XntImWtK

hytbiÿnX`mwti hm atμ XZv`mh\mi\w.

1. `mh\miw hcp-∂-sX-t∏mƒ

XØXv `mhmXv ˛ GsXmcp `mh-Øn-s‚bpw

1. AjvStaiÿnXmwti ˛ (AXns‚) F´mw`mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂

cmin-bntem, Awi-I-Øntem

XXv {XntImWtK ˛ Ah-bpsS {XntImWØntem

hm ˛ As√¶n¬

2. hytbi ÿnX `mwti ˛ ]{¥- mw`mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂

cmin-bntem, Awi-I-Øntem

(Ah-bpsS {XntImWØntem)

atμ ˛ i\n -tKm-N-c-Øn¬ hcp-tºmƒ

XZv`mh\mi\w ˛ B `mhØn\p \miap- mIpw

(B `mh-sØ-sIm-- p≈ KpW-sam∂pw

D- m-hp-I-bn-√.)

{]Xn-]m-Z-\-co-Xn-sIm- pw D≈-S-°w-sIm- pw Cu t«mIw Ign™ A≤ym-b-Ønse

31, 32 t«mI- ß-fpsS coXnbnep≈XmbXp-sIm- v AtX hn[-Øn-emWv ChnsS A¿∞w

]d-™n-´p-≈-Xpw.

(2)

ct{‘tim KpfntIm aμx Jct{Z°mWt]m f]n hm

b{X XnjvTXn XZv`mwi{XntImtW chntP arXnx

2 i\n acWw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-t∏mƒ

1. ct{‘tim ˛ AjvSam[n]Xn

2. KpfntIm ˛ KpfnI≥

3. aμx ˛ i\n

4. Jct{Z°mW] A]n hm Ccp]Ønc- mw t{Z°mWm[n]≥

 275

b{X XnjvTXn ˛ Ch¿ FhnsS \n¬°p∂pthm

XZv`mwi{XntImtW ˛ B cminbntem AwiIØntem

Ah-bpsS {XntImWØntem

chntP ˛ i\n hcp∂ kabØp

arXnx acWap- mIpw.

(3)

DZyZvZrKmW\mYky XYm c{‘m[n]ky N

c{‘t{Z°mW]kym]n `mwitImtW Kpcu arXn

(4)

kzkv^pSZzmZimwti hm ct{‘iÿ \hmwitI

et·iÿ\hmwti (1) hm X{ØntImtW f ]n hm arXnx. (1) ]mT-t`Zw : et·iÿ\hmwti¿tI

3 hymgw acWw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-t∏mƒ

1. DZyXv ZrKmW\mYky ˛ e·t{Z°mWØn‚ \mYt‚tbm

2. XYm c{‘m[n]ky N ˛ AjvSam[n]t‚tbm

3. c{‘t{Z°mW]kym]n ˛ Ccp-]-Øn-c-- mw-t{Z-°m-W-\mY-t‚tbm

`mwitImtW Kpcu arXnx. ˛ cminbntem AwiIØntem ChbpsS

{XntImWßfntem

4. kzkv^pSZzmZimwti ˛ hymgØns‚ ZzmZimwØntem

5. ct{‘iÿ \hmwitI ˛ Ajvam[n]s‚ \hmwiØntem

6. et·iÿ\hmwti hm ˛ e·m[n]s‚ \hmwiØntem

X{ØntImtW f ]n hm arXnx. ˛ ChbpsS {XntImWßfntem

Kpcu arXnx. ˛ hymgw hcp∂ ImeØv acWap- mIpw.

4. N{μ≥ acWw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-t∏mƒ (5)

c{‘{]t`m¿hm `mt\m¿hm `mwitImWw KtX hn[u

arXnw htZ’¿htaX√·mXv®{μmXv N Nn¥tbXv

c{‘{]t`m hm ˛ AjvSam[n]s‚tbm

`mt\zm¿hm ˛ kqcyt‚tbm

`mwitImWw ˛ cminbntem AwiIØntem

{XntImWØntem

KtX hn[u ˛ N{μ≥ hcp∂ kabØp

arXnw htZXv k¿htaXXv. ˛ acWap- mIpw

e·mXv N{μmXv N Nn¥tbXv ˛ CXp e·wsIm- pw N{μs\s°m- pw

Nn¥n°Ww.

 276

(6)

et·i lo\ baI- I`mwitImWw

{]m]vtX f Yhm i\nhnlo\ lnamwip`mwiw

bmtX Kpcu kzacWw XzY cmlplo\˛

`qkq\p`mwiIKpcu klP{]Wmix.

5 kza-c-Whpw ktlm-Z-c-a-c-Whpw

1. et·ilo\ baI- I

˛ baI- Ikv^pSØn¬\n∂pw (26:3) e·m-[n]kv^pSw-

`mwitImWw {]m]vtX

˛ Ipd®m¬ In´p∂ cminbntem AwiIØntem Ah-bpsS {XntImWßfntem,

AYhm

˛ As√-¶n¬

i\nhnlo\ lnamwi

˛ N{μ-kv^p-S-Øn¬\n∂pw i\nkv^pSw Ipd®m¬ In´p∂ cminbntem

AwiIØntem Ah-bpsS {XntImWßfntem

bmtX Kpcu kzacWw

˛ Kpcp hcp∂ kabØv PmXIs‚ acWw kw`hn°pw.

2 cmlplo\ `qkq\p`mwiIKpcu

˛ IpP-kv^pSØn¬\n∂pw cmlpkv^pSw Ipd®m¬ In´p∂ cminbntem

AwiIØntem Ah-bpsS {XntImWßfntem, Kpcp hcptºmƒ

klP{]Wmix.

˛ ktlmZc≥ acn°pw

(7)

`mt\mx I- Ih¿PnXky `h\mw˛

ti hm {XntImtW Kpcu

XmtXm \iyXn I- tIm\ KpfnI¿˛

£mwi{XntImtW i\u

A¿t°mt\μpKrlmwitImWKKpcu

Nt{μm\aμmflP˛

t£t{Xw f ti f ]yYhm {XntImWKrltK

atμ P\\ym arXnx.

6. A—s‚ acWw 1. `m\u I- Ih¿PnXky

˛ kqcykv^pS-Øn¬\n∂pw baI- Ikv^pSw Ipd®m¬ hcp∂

`h\mwti hm {XntImtW

˛ cminbntem AwiIØntem AhbpsS {XntImWßfntem

Kpcu

˛ hymgw hcp∂ kabØv

XmtXm \iyXn

˛ A—≥ acn°pw

 277

.

2. I- tIm\ KpfnI

˛ KpfnIkv^pS-Øn¬\n∂pw ba-I-- Ikv^pSw Ipd-®m¬ In´p∂ cminbntem

AwiIØntem AhbpsS {XntImWßfntem

i\u

˛ i\n hcptºmgpw A—≥ acn°pw.

7. AΩbpsS acWw . 1. A¿t°mt\μp

˛ N{μkv^pSØn¬\n∂pw kqcykv^pSw Ipd-®m¬ In´p∂

KrlmwitImWK

˛ cminbntem AwiIØntem AhbpsS {XntImWßfntem

Kpcu

˛ hymgw hcp-tºmgpw

2 Nt{μm\aμmflP

˛ cmlpkv^pSØn¬\n∂pw N{μkv^pSw Ipd-®m¬ In´p∂

t£t{X Awti

˛ cminbntem AwiIØntem

AYhm {XntImWKrltK

˛ AhbpsS {XntImWßfntem

atμ

˛ i\n hcp-tºgpw

P\\ym arXnx.

˛ amXmhp acn-°pw.

1Cu t«mI-Øns‚ hymJym-\-ß-fn¬ henb Bi-b-°pp-g∏w ImWp-∂p-- v.

(1) GXv GXn¬\n∂pw Ipd-bv°-W-sa-∂-XmWv {][m-\ -{]-iv\w. ChnsS]d™Xns‚

t\sc hn]coXamWv Cw•ojv hymJym-\-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv.

(2) ba-I-- -I-kv^p-Shpw Kpfn-I-kv^p-Shpw H∂n®p Iq´-W-sa-∂mWv c- p ae-bm-

f-hym- Jym-\-ßfnepw ImWp∂Xv. I- IDu\ KpfnI sh®p \mw Ipd-bv°p-I-bmWv

sNbvX-Xv.

(3) cmlp kv^pSØn¬\n∂pw N{μkv^pSw Ipd-bv°-W-sa-∂Xn\v Hcp ]Xn-∏n¬

ImWp-∂Xv N{μkv^pSØn¬\n∂pw hymg-kv^pSw Ipdbv°W-sa∂mWv.

8. ]p{X\miw

(8)

htZXv {]Xyc\£{X\mYm® baI- Iw

Xy‡ym XZv ht\ tImtW Kpcu ]p{Xhn\mi\w.

v{]Xyc\£{X\mYmXv ˛ {]Xyc\£{Xm[n-]-kv^p-S-Øn¬\n∂pw

baI- Iw Xy‡ym ˛ baI- Ikv^pSw Ipd®m¬ In´p∂

 278

XZv`ht\ tImtW ˛ cminbntem (AwiIØntem)

AhbpsS {XntImWßfntem

Kpcu ˛ hymgw hcp-tºƒ

]p{Xhn\mi\w htZXv ˛ ]p{Xs‚ acWw kw`-hn-°p-sa∂p ]d-b-Ww.

{]Xyc\£{Xw = P∑-\-£-{X-Øn¬\n∂pw A©masØ \£-{Xw.

\£-{X\m-Y≥ = AizXn aIw aqew tIXp 7 F∂ ]´n-I-{]-Imcw hcp-∂ Zim-\m-Y-

∑m¿ Xs∂- bmWv \£-{X-\m-Y-∑m¿. (19 : 2)

(9)

e·m¿°amμnkv^pStbmKcmti˛

c[oiztcm bZv`ht\m]KkvXp

X{Zminkwtÿ ]pcplqXhtμy

XXvtImWtK hm arXntaXn PmXx.

9. kz¥w acWw

e· A¿° amμn ˛ e·w, kqcy≥, KpfnI≥

kv^pS tbmK cmti A[oiztcm ˛ Cu aq∂p kv^pSßfpw Hcp-an®p Iq´nbm¬

In´p∂ cminbpsS \mY≥

bXv `h\ D]KkvXp ˛ P\\kabØv GXp cmin-bn¬

\n∂ncp∂pthm

XXv cmin kwtÿ ˛ B cminbntem

hm ˛ As√-¶n¬

XXv tImWtK ˛ AXns‚(Aw-i-I-Øn-tem) {XntImWØntem

]pcplqXhtμy ˛ hymgw hcptºmƒ

arXntaXn PmXx. ˛ PmXI\p acWw kw`hn°mw.

(10)

amμnkv^ptS `m\pkpXw hntim[y

cmiywitImtW chntP arXnx kymXv

[qamZn ]©{Kl tbmKcmin˛

t{Z°mWbmtX f ¿°kptX N arXypx

1 amμnkv^ptS `m\pkpXw hntim[y ˛ KpfnIkv^pS-Øn¬\n∂pw i\nkv^pS

w Ipd®m¬ In´p∂

cmiywitImtW ˛ cmin, AwiIw, {XntImWw Chbn¬

. chntP arXnx kymXv ˛ i\n hcp∂ kabØp acWw D- mIpw.

2. [qamZn ]©{Kl tbmKcmin ˛ [qamZn ]©{KlßfpsS (25-:1) kv^pSßsf

Hcpan®p Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂

t{Z°mWbmtX¿°kptX N ˛ t{Z°mWØn¬ i\n hcptºmgpw

arXypx ˛ PmXI≥ acn°mw.

 279

`m\pkpXw F∂Xn\p c- p aebmfw ]Xn∏pIfnepw BZnXys‚ F∂

A¿∞amWv sImSpØn´p≈Xv.

(11)

hne·amμnkv^pStbmK`mwiw

\ncymWamkw {]hZ¥n X⁄mx

\ncymWNt{μm KpfntIμptbmtKm

e·w hne·m¿°nkptXμptbmKw.

1. hne· amμn kv^pS tbmK `mwiw

˛ e·kv^pShpw KpfnIk^pShpw Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂ cmintbm AwiItam

, AXm-bX,v kqcy≥ Ah-bn¬ Nmc-him¬ hcp∂ amkw Bbncn°pw

\ncymWamkw {]hZ¥n X⁄mx

˛ \ncymWamkw.

2. \ncymWNt{μm KpfntIμptbmtKm

˛ N{μkv^pShpw KpfnIkv^pShpw Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂ cminbn¬ N{μ≥ hcp∂

Xmbncn°pw \ncym-W-cmin

.3. e·w hne· A¿°nkpX CμptbmKw.

˛ e·kv^pShpw KpfnIkv^pShpw N{μ-kv^p-Shpw* Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂Xmbn-cn°pw

\ncymWe·w (*CXnse N-{μ-kv^p-Shpw F∂Xv ae-bm-f-hym-Jym-\-ß-fn¬

ImWp∂n-√.)

(12)

amμnkv^ptSmZnX\hmwiKtX f atctUy

X±zmZimwkklntX Zn\\mYkq\u

t{Z°mWtImW`ht\ Zn\t] N arXp¿˛

√t·μpamμnbpXt`iKtXmZtb kymXv.

1. amμnkv^ptSmZnX\hmwiKtXatctUy˛ hymgw AXns‚ KpfnI\hmwiØntem

X±zmZimwiklntX Zn\\mYkq\u˛ i\n KpfnIZzmZimwiØntem

t{Z°mW tImW`ht\ Zn\t] N ˛ kqcy≥ KpfnIt{Z°mWØntem

AXns‚ {XntImWØntem

arXyp ˛ hcptºmgmbn-cn°pw ac-Ww.

2. e· Cμp amμn bpX t`i ˛ e·kv^pShpw N{μkv^pShpw KpfnI

kv^pShpw Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂ cminbpsS

\mY≥

KX DZtb ˛ \n¬°p∂ cminbpw \ncymWe·-am-Imw.

(13)

KpfnIw chnkq\pw N KpWnXzm \hkwJybm

D`tbmsscIycmiywiKrltK chntP arXnx.

 280

KpfnIw chnkq\pw N ˛ KpfnIs\bpw i\n-sbbpw *

KpWnXzm \hkwJytbm ˛ HºXpsIm- p s]cp°n

D`tbmsscIy ˛ c- pw Iq´n-bm¬ In´p∂

cmiywiKrltK ˛ cminbntem AwiIcminbntem

chntP ˛ i\n hcp∂ kabØp

arXnx. ˛ acWw kw`hn°mw.

1. chn-kq\pw F∂-Xn\v Hcp aebmfw ]Xn-∏n¬ BZn-Xykv^psS F∂ A¿∞-amWv

sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

2. c- p-kv^p-S-ßfpw Iq´n-bn´v Hº-Xp-sIm- p KpWn-°-W-sa-∂mWv ae-bm-f-hym-Jym-\-

߃ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. D`tbm \n¬°p∂ ÿm\w sh®p t\m°p-tºmƒ AXp icn-b-√.

(14)

kv^ptS hne·\mYky hntim[y baI- Iw

X{Zmin \h`mKtÿ Poth arXyp¿ \ kwibx.

kv^ptS hne·\mYky ˛ e·m[n]\n¬\n∂pw

hntim[y baI- Iw -˛ baI- Is\ Ipd®m¬

XXv cmin \h`mKtÿm ˛ In´p∂ cminbntem \hmwiØntem

Poth ˛ hymgw hcp∂ kabØp

arXypx \ kwibx. acWw kw`hn°pw.

(15)

jjvTmhkm\ct{‘ikv^pssSIy`h\w KtX

X{ØntImtWm]tK hmf ]n atμ arXy`bw \rWmw.

jjvT Ahkm\ ct{‘i ˛ 6˛12˛8 Cu `mhm[n]cpsS

kv^pssSIy`h\w KtX ˛ kv^pS߃ H∂n®p Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂

cminbntem

XXv {XntImtWm]tK hm]n ˛ AXns‚ {XntImWØntem (5, 9)

atμ ˛ i\n hcptºmƒ

arXy`bw \rWmw. ˛ a\p-jy\p acW`bw (a-c-Ww) D- mIpw.

(16)

DZy±rKmW]Xn cminKtX kptctUy

Xky {XntImWa]n K—Xn hm hn\miw

c{‘{Xn`mK]XnaμnctKf Y atμ

{]m]vtX {XntImWaYhmky hZ¥n arXypw.

1. DZy±rKmW]Xn cminKtX ˛ e·w hcp∂ t{Z°mWØns‚ A[n]Xn

cminKtX ˛ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bntem

Xky {XntImWa]n ˛ AXns‚ {XntIm-W-Øntem

kptctUy ˛ hymgw

K—Xn ˛ (Nmc-h-im¬) hcp-tºmƒ

hn\miw ˛ acWw kw`-hn-°pw.

 281

2. c{‘{Xn`mK]Xn aμnctK ˛ AjvS-a-t{Z-°m-W-]Xn * \n¬°p∂ cmin-

bntem

{XntImWaaY ˛ AXns‚ {XntIm-W-Øntem

atμ ˛ i\n hcp-tºmƒ

hZ¥n arXypw ˛ acWw ]d-bp-∂p.

*AjvSat{Z°mWØn\v 1) F´m-asØ t{Z°m-W-sat∂m 2) AjvSa`mhkv^pS-w

hcp∂ t{Z°m-W-sat∂m (3) AjvS-am-[n-]≥ \n¬°p∂ t{Z°m-W-sat∂m Hs° A¿∞w

]d-bmw. ae-bm-f-hym-Jym-\-߃ CXn-s\-∏‰n H∂pw ]d-bp-∂n-√. Cw•ojv hymJym-\-

{]Imcw CXv AjvS-a-`m-h-kv^pSw hcp∂ t{Z°m-W-am-Wv. tcJmw-i-kv p-S-ß-fp≈ e·-

Øn\pw {Kl-߃°pw tlmc, t{Z°m-Ww, \hmwiw XpS-ßnb h¿§-߃ ImWp∂Xp

t]mse `mh-߃°p h¿§-߃ ImWp∂ coXn km[m-c-W-a-√. e·m¬ 22-˛mw t{Z°m-W-

Øn\v Cu hnj-b-hp-ambn Hcp _‘-ap-- t√m. (17 : 2). B \nebv°v AjvS-a-`m-h-

kv^pSw hcp∂ t{Z°mWw F∂ hymJym\w icn-bp-am-Wv.

(17)

hne·P∑mjvSacmin\mYtbmx

Jc{Xn`mtKizctbmkvXtbmc]n

iim¶amtμymc]n Zp¿_emwiI

{XntI0WtK kqcykptX arXnw `thX.v

1. hne· P∑mjvSa cmin\mYtbmx ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw F´mw`mhm[n]¿

2. Jc{Xn`mtKizctbmx Xtbmc]n ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw 22˛w t{Z°mWm[n]¿

3. iim¶ ˛ N{μ≥

4. amμn ˛ Kpfn-I≥

Zp¿_e ˛ Chcn¬ Zp¿∫e\mb {Kl-Øns‚

AwiI {XntI0WtK ˛ \hmw-i-cm-in-bntem AXns‚ {XntIm-Wßfn-tem

kqcykptX ˛ i\n hcp-tºmƒ

arXnw `thX.v ˛ acWw kw`-hn-°pw.

(18)

e·m[n]ÿnX\hmwiIcminXpeyw

c{‘m[n]ky Krlam]XntX LtStix

Xkvan≥ htZ∑cWtbmKat\Iimkv{X˛

kw£pÆ`n∂aXn`nx ]cnIo¿ØnXw XXv.

e·m[n]ÿnX\hmwiIcminXpeyw ˛ e·m-[n-]≥ \n¬°p∂ \hmw-i-cm-in°p

Xpey-amb ÿm\Øv

c{‘m[n]ky Krlam]XntX LtStix ˛ F´mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ cmin-bn¬ i\n

hcp-tºmƒ

Xkvan≥ htZXv acWtbmKw ˛ ac-W-tbm-K-am-sW∂v

kw£pÆhn∂aXn`nx ]cnIo¿ØnXw XXv.˛ ⁄m\n-Iƒ ]d-™n-´p-- v.

 282

(19)

iim¶kwbp‡ZrKmW]q¿hXx

Jc{Xn`mtKiKrlw KtX f ]n hm

{XntImWtK hm acWw icocnWmw

iin\yY kymØ\pc{‘cnx^tK.

1. iim¶kwbp‡ ZrKmW ˛ N{μt{Z°mWØntem

2. Jc{Xn`mtKiKrlw KtX f ]n hm (N{μt{Z°mWØn¬ \n∂pw) Ccp]Øn

n c- mw t{Z°mWm[n]s‚ cminbntem

3. {XntImWtK ˛ AXns‚ {XntImWßfntem

4. X\pc{‘cnx^tK. ˛ 1˛8˛12 `mhßfntem

iin\n ˛ N{μ≥ hcptºmƒ

acWw icocnWmw ˛ acWw D- mIpw.

(20)

\n[t\izcKXcmiu `m\zmhnμu Xp `m\pKXcmiu

\n[\m[n]kwbpt‡ \£t{X \n¿±ntiXv acWw.

1. \n[t\izcKXcmiu `m\p ˛ kqcy≥ AjvSam[n]Xn \n¬°p∂

cminbntem

2. Cμu Xp `m\pKXcmiu ˛ N{μ≥ kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbntem

3. \n[\m[n]kwbpt‡ \£t{X ˛ N{μ≥ AjvSam[n]Xn \n¬°p∂

\£{XØntem hcp-tºmƒ

\n¿±ntiXv acWw. acWw ]d-b-Ww.

AjvSam-[n-]Xn \n¬°p∂ cmin-bntem BZn-Xy-N-{μ-∑m-cntem BZn-Xy≥ \n¬°p∂

cmin-bntem AjvS-am-[n-]Xn tNcp∂ \£-{X-Øn¬ acWw kw`-hn°pw F∂mWv sIm√w

]Xn-∏nse hymJy-m\w. sImSp-ß-√q¿ ]Xn-∏n¬ AXv AtX ]Sn ]I¿Øn-sh-®n-cn-°p∂p!

(21)

tbm cmin¿KpfntImt]Xx X{ØntImWKtX i\u

acWw \ninPmXm\mw ZnhnPm\mw XZkvXtI.

acWw \ninPmXm\mw ˛ cm{Xn P\n-®-h-cpsS acWw

tbm cminx KpfntImt]Xx -˛ (PmX-I-Øn¬) Kpfn-I≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin

GXmtWm

XXv {XntImWKtX i\u ˛ AXns‚ {XntIm-W-ßfn¬ i\n

(Nmc-h-im¬) hcp-tºmƒ kw`-hn-°pw.

ZnhnPm\mw ˛ ]I¬ P\n-®-h-cpsS acWw

XZkvXtI ˛ Kpfn-I≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS Ggmwcminbn¬

i\n hcptºmgmbn-cn-°pw.

(22)

Kpcpcmlpkv^pssSIyky cminw bmtX Kpcu bZm

XZm Xp \n[\w hnZym{ØntImWKtX f Yhm.

 283

Kpcp cmlp kv^pssSIyky cminw ˛ hymgkv^pShpw cmlpkv^pShpw Iq´nbm¬

In´p∂ cminbntem

XXv {XntImWtK ˛ AXns‚ {XntImWßfntem

bmtX Kpcu ˛ hymgw hcptºmƒ

\n[\w ˛ acWw kw`hn°pw.

(23)

AjvSaky {Xn`mKmwi]XnÿnXKrlw i\u

XZoi\h`mK¿£w KtX hm acWw `thXv.

1. AjvSaky.... ˛ AjvSaØns‚(A-jvS-a-`m-h-kv^pSw hcp∂)

t{Z°mWØns‚ \hmwiØns‚ \mY-\mb

{Klw \n¬°p∂ cminbntem

2. XZo-i... ˛ AjvSam[n]s‚ \hmwiw hcp∂

cminbntem

i\u ˛ i\n hcp∂ ImeØp

acWw `thXv ˛ acWw kw`hn°pw.

(24)

P∑Imte i\u bky P∑mjvSa]tXc]n

cmticwiIcmti¿hm {XntImWtÿ i\u arXnx

P∑Imte i\u ˛ P\\ka-bØp i\ntbm

P∑mjvSa]tXc]n ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]Xntbm \n∂

cmti ˛ cminbntem

AwiIcmti¿hm ˛ AwiIcminbntem Ah-bpsS {XntIm-W-ß-

fntem i\n hcp∂ ImeØv

arXnx ˛ acWw kw`hn°pw.

i\nbpw AjvS-am-[n-]-\pw \n∂ cmin°p ]pd-sa, Cw•ojv hymJym-\-ß-fn¬, P∑w

F∂ hm°ns‚ {]tXyI A¿∞w (P-∑-cm-in) IW-°n-se-SpØv, N{μ≥ \n∂ cmin-bpsS

A[n]-≥ \n∂ cmin-IqSn ]d-bp-∂p-- v.

(25)

ct{‘izcmZymhXn t` amμnkvXmhXn t` XXx

i\nt›∑cWw {_qbmZnXn kZvKpcp`mjnXw.

ct{‘izcmZymhXn t` ˛ AjvSam[n]≥ \n¬°p∂ cminapX¬

amμnkvXmhXn t` XXx ˛ KpfnI≥ -\n¬°p∂ cminhsc F{X

cminbpt- m

Kpfn-I-\n¬\n∂pw A{XmasØ cminbn¬

i\n tNXv acWw {_qbmXv ˛ i\n hcptºmƒ acWw ]d-bWw

CXn kZvKp-cp-`m-jnXw ˛ F∂v BNm-cy-∑m¿ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

 284

(26)

P∑Imeo\ `rKpPmXv Imai{Xphytb chu

acWw \n›nXw {_qbmZnXn kZvKpcp`mjnXw.

P∑Imeo\ `rKpPmXv ˛ P\\ka-bØp ip{I≥ \n∂ cminbpsS

Imai{Xphytb chu ˛ 7˛6˛12 cminIfn¬ kqcy≥ hcptºmgpw

acWw \n›nXw {_qbmXv ˛ acWw ]d-bWw

kZvKpcp`mjnXw ˛ F∂v BNm-cy-∑m¿ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

(27)

XnjvT¥yjvSacnx^jjvT]Xtbm

c{‘{Xn`mtKiztcm

amμycyZv`ht\jp tXjz]n Krtl

jzm¿°oUykqtcyμhx

k¿th NmchimXv {]bm¥n ln bZm

arXypkvXZm kym∂rWmw

tXjmawihimZzZ¥p \n[\w

XØXv{XntImtW f ]n hm.

AjvSa cnx^] jjvT]Xtbm ˛ 8˛12˛6 `mhßfpsS A[n]∑m¿

c{‘{Xn`mtKiztcm ˛ AjvSat{Z°mWm[n]Xn

(Ccp]Ønc- mw t{Z°Wm[n]≥)

amμn ˛ Kpfn-I≥

XnjvT¥n / bZv`-h-t\jp tXjz]n ˛ F∂o {Kl-߃ \n¬°p∂ cminIfnepw

Awi-h-imXv ˛ AwiIcminIfnepw

XØXv{XntImtW f ]n hm. ˛ Ah-bpsS {XntImWcminIfnepw

A¿°n CuUy kqcy Cμh ˛ i\n, hymgw, kqcy≥, N{μ≥

k¿th NmchimXv {]bm¥n ˛ Chsc√mw tKmNchim¬ hcptºmgpw

arXypkvXZm kym∂rWmw ˛ acWw kw`hn°pw

285 

A≤ymbw 18

Zzn{K-l-tbm-K^eßfpw ]{μ-s\ a‰p {Kl-߃

ZrjvSn-sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-ßfpw a‰pw

tlmcm-im-kv{X-Ønse ]Xn-\memw A≤ymbØnepw (Zzn-{K-l-tbm-K-{]-I-c-Ww), ]Xn-

t\gmw A≤ymbØnepw (Zr-jvSn-{]-I-c-Ww) hnh-cn-®n-´p≈ hnj-b-ß-fmWv ^e-Zo-]nI Cu

A≤ym-b-Øn¬ N¿® sNøp-∂-Xv.

1. t«mIw 1˛5 :

c- p {Kl-߃ Hcp cmin-bn¬ \n∂m-ep≈ ^e-߃.

Cu A©p t«mI-ßfpw tlmcm-imkv{Xw ]Xn-\memw A≤ym-b-Øn¬\n∂p-

ap-≈-h-bm-Wv. A]q¿hw Nne hm°p-Iƒ°p -am-{Xta am‰-ap-≈q.

2. t«mIw 6˛11 :

taSw XpS-ßnb ]{¥- p cmin-Ifn¬ \n¬°p∂ ]{μ-s\ a‰p {Kl-߃

ZrjvSn- sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-߃. {]Xn-]m-Z-\-co-Xnbpw t«mI-ßfpw tlmcm-

imkv{X-Øn¬\n-∂pw `n∂-am-Wv.

3. t«mIw 12-˛15:.

IpP≥ XpS-ßnb Ggp {Kl-ß-fp-tSbpw Awi-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ-s\

a‰p {Kl-߃ ZrjvSn-sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-߃.

tlmcm-imkv{Xw ]Xn-t\gmw A≤ym-b-Ønse t«mI-߃ (5-˛8) Xs∂-bm-Wv Ch.

4. t«mIw 16:

apI-fn¬ ]d™ Awi߃ \hmw-i-߃ Xs∂bmIp∂p F∂v.

5. t«mIw 17:

CjvS-I-jvS-^-e-߃.

 286

1. Hcp cminbn¬ c- p {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^ew

(1)

Xn‹mwiq¿P\bXyptj (1) iklntXm b{{¥mivaImcw \cw

`uta\mLcXw _pt[\ \n]pWw [oIo¿ØnkuJym\znXw

{Iqcw hmIv]Xn\m\yImcy\ncXw ipt{IW cwKmbpss[¿v˛

e_v[kzw chntP\ [mXpIpiew `mfi{]Imtcjp hm.

(1) ]mT-t`-Zw: P\-b-tY-μp-k-lntXm ˛ tlmcm.

1. kqcy\pw a‰p {Klßfpw 1.. Xn‹mwiqx DtjiklntXm ˛ kqcy\pw N{μ\pw tN¿∂m¬

b{¥mivaImcw \cw ˛ b{¥Imc≥ : b{¥-߃ D- m-°p-Itbm

D]-tbmKn°p-Itbm sNøp∂-h≥

AivaImc≥: Aivaw ˛ I√v, I¬∏-Wn-°m-ct\m, I√n¬ sImØp-]WnIƒ

sNøp-∂-ht\m cXv\-߃ an\p-°p-∂ht\m BImw.

2. `uta\ ˛ kqcy\pw IpP\pw

ALcXw ˛ ]m]I¿Ω߃ sNøp-∂-h≥

3. _pt[\ ˛ kqcy\pw _p[\pw

\n]pWw [o Io¿Øn kuJyw ˛ kma¿∞yw, _p≤n, {]i-kvXn, kpJw

4. hmIv]Xn ˛ kqcy\pw hymghpw

{Iqcw A\yImcy\ncXw ˛ {Iqc≥, A\ycpsS Imcyßfn¬ \ncX≥

5. ipt{IW ˛ kqcy\pw ip{I\pw

cwKmbpss[x e_v[kzw ˛ Acßpw B-bp-[hpambn _‘-s∏´

hcp-am-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥

6. chntP\ ˛ kqcy\pw i\nbpw

[mXp Ipiew ˛ [mXp°fp-amtbm tem-l-ß-fp-am-tbm

_‘s∏-´ sXmgn-ep-I-fn¬ ka¿∞≥

`mfi{]Imcw ˛ temlßfn¬ ]m{X-ßfpw a‰pw

D- m°p∂h≥

(2)

IpSkv{XymkhIpw`]Wyainhw amXpx kh{Ix iio

k⁄x {]{inXhmIya¿∞\n]pWw ku`mKyIo¿Xy\znXw

hn{Im¥w IpeapJyaÿncaXnw hntØizcw kmwKncm

hkv{XmWmw kknXx {IbmZnIpiew km¿°nx ]p\¿`qkpXw.

2. N{μ\pw a‰p {Klßfpw 1.. kh{Ix iio ˛ N{μ\pw IpP\pw

IpSw, kv{Xo Bkh Ipw` ]Wn ˛ IqSw, kv{Xo, aZyw, IpSw Ch-bp-ambn _‘-

s∏´ IS \S-Øp-∂-h≥/hym]mcw sNøph≥

Ainhw amXpx ˛ amXmhn\v AawKfw / ZpJw D- m-°p-∂-h≥

. 2. k⁄x ˛ N{μ\pw _p[\pw

{]{inXhmIyw ˛ hn\-b-tØm-sS kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h≥

 287

A¿∞\n]pWw ˛ kmº-Øn-I-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ka¿∞≥

ku`mKyIo¿Øn A\znXw ˛ `mKyhpw Io¿Øn-bp-ap-≈-h≥.

3. kmwKncm ˛ kAwKnc ˛ N{μ\pw Kpcphpw

hn{Im¥w ˛ Io-g-S-°p-∂-h≥ / ]cm-{Ian

IpeapJyw ˛ Ipe-]-Xn

ÿncaXnw * ˛ ÿn-c-_p≤n

hntØizcw ˛ [\nI≥.

* AÿncaXn ˛ ^eZo]nIbnepw t]mcmimkv{XØnepw CXv AÿncaXn

F∂p Xs∂bmWv.. F∂m¬ a\ ns‚ ImcI\mb N{μ\v ip`\mb hymghpambp≈

_‘w Aip`^ew D- m°pIbn√. IpeapJyw ÿncaXnw F∂mWp icn.

4. kknXx ˛ N{μ\pw ip{I\pw

hkv{XmWmw {IbmZnIpiew ˛ hkv{Xhym]mcØn¬ ka¿∞≥

5. km¿°nx ˛ kA¿°n ˛ N{μ\pw i\nbpw

]p\¿`qkpXw. ˛ ]p\¿hnhmlnXbpsS ]p{X≥

(3)

aqemZnkvt\lIqssS¿hyhlcXn hWnIv

_mlptbm≤m kkutay

]pcy≤y£x kPoth `hXn \c]Xn˛

{]m]vXhntØm ZzntPm hm

tKmt]m at√m f Y Z£x ]cbphXnctXm

ZyqXIrXv kmkptctUy

ZpJm¿tØm f kXyk‘x kkhnXrX\tb

`qantP \nμnX›.

3. IpP\pw a‰p {Klßfpw

1. kkutay ˛ IpP\pw _p[\pw

aqemZn kvt\l IqssSx ... hWnIv ˛ thcv, FÆ, IqSw* XpSßnbh I®hSw

sNøph≥

_mlptbm≤m ˛ KpkvXn°mc≥

* IqSw : (18/2,3) IqSØn\v i_vZXmcmhenbn¬ sImSpapSn, Im]Syw, Krlw, sIWn

XpSßn 23 A¿∞߃ sImSpØn´p- .v tlmcm FgpXs∏´Xv 1500 h¿jw apºmWv.

A°mcywIqSn IW°nseSpt°- Xp- v.

2. kPoth ˛ IpP\pw Kpcphpw

]pcy≤y£ ˛ \Kcm≤y£≥,

\c]Xn{]m]vXhntØm ZzntPm hm˛ As√¶n¬ cmPmhn¬\n∂pw In´nb

[\tØmSpIqSnb {_m“W≥ **

**ZzntPm : tlmcmhymJym\Øn¬ “ HcmfpsS ]p{X\pw as‰mcmfpsS ZØp]p{X

\pw “ (As√¶n¬ hf¿Øp aI\pw) F∂ A¿∞hpw sImSpØp ImWp∂p. hymgØn\p

 288

]m]\mb IpPs‚ _‘w h∂XmWv ]nXrKpWm\p`hØn\v Cßs\sbmcp am\w

sImSpØXv. £{Xnb[\{]Xm]ap≈ {_m“Ws\∂ hymJym\hpw kμ¿`Øn\p

tbmPn°p∂Xp Xs∂bmWv.

3. kAkptctUy -˛ IpP\pw ip {I\pw

tKmt]m ˛ ]ip°sf kwc£n°p∂h≥,

a√≥ ˛ KpkvXn°mc≥

Z£≥ ˛ ka¿∞≥

]cbphXnctXm ˛ A\ykv{XoIfn¬ Xev]c≥

ZyqXIrXv ˛ NqXpIfn°mc≥

4. kkhnXrX\tb `qantP ˛ IpP\pw i\nbpw

ZpJm¿tØm ˛ ZpJnX≥

AkXyk‘ ˛ kXyk‘\√mØh≥

\nμnXx N ˛ \nμnX≥.

(4)

kutay cwKNtcm _rlkv]XnbptX

KoX{]ntbm \rØhn˛

Zzm‹o `qKW]x kntX\ arZp\m

ambm]Sp¿eºSx (1)

kZzntZym [\Zmchm≥ _lpKpWx

ipt{IW bpt‡ Kpcu

t⁄bx iva{ipItcm f kntX\ LSIrXv

÷mtXm (2) f ∂Imtcm f ]n hm.

]mTt`Zw:

(1) ewLIx (tlmcm) -˛ ewLIx˛ Kpcphns\/BNmcßsf ewLn°p∂h≥, [n°mcn

(2) Zmtkm (tlmcm)

4. _p[\pw a‰p {Klßfpw

1. kutay _rlkv]XnbptX ˛ _p[\pw Kpcphpw

cwKNtcm ˛ Acßn¬ \rØw, \mSIw apXembh

AhXcn∏n°p∂h≥

KoX{]ntbm ˛ Km\߃ CjvSs∏Sp∂h≥

\rØhnXv ˛ \¿ØI≥

2. kntX\ ˛ _p[\pw ip{I\pw

hm‹n ˛ hm‹n, {]`mjI≥

`qKW]x ˛ `qhpSa, `cWm[nImcn

3. arZp\m ˛ _p[\pw i\nbpw

ambm]Spx ˛ I_fn∏n°p∂h≥,

eºS≥ ˛ hy`nNmcn.

 289

5. hymghpw a‰p {Klßfpw

1. ipt{IW bpt‡ Kpcu ˛ Kpcphpw ip {I\pw

kXv hntZym ˛ hnZymkº∂≥

[\Zmchm≥ ˛ [\hpw Zmc (ZmºXy) kpJhpap≈h≥

_lpKpWx ˛ hfsc (\√) KpWßtfmSpIqSnbh≥

(ZmcØn\mWv _lpKpWw F∂

hymJym\hpap- v.)

AkntX\ ˛ Kpcphpw i\nbpw

iva{ipItcm ˛ £pcI≥,

LSIrXv ˛ IpSw (a¨]m{X߃) D- m°p∂h≥

Zmtkm ˛ the°mc≥

A∂Imtcm ˛ ASp°f°mc≥.

(5)

AknXknXkamKta f ¬]N£p¿˛

bphXnkam{ib (1) kw{]hr≤hnØx

`hXn N en]n ]pkvX(I)Nn{XthØm

IYnX^ssex ]ctXm hnI¬]\obmx.(2)

]mTt`Zw: (1) bphXnP\m{ib ˛ tlmcm

(2) ]ctXm f ]tc hnI¬]ymx.˛ tlmcm,

5. ip{I\pw i\nbpw AknX knX kamKta ˛ i\nbpw ip{I\pw

A¬]N£p ˛ ImgvNi‡n Ipdhv

bphXnkam{ibkw{]hr≤hnØx ˛ kv{XoklmbwsIm- v h¿≤n® [\tØmSp

IqSnbh≥

`hXn N en]n ]pkvX(I)Nn{XthØm˛FgpØpIm≥, Nn{XImc≥

c- ne[nIw {KlßfpsS tbmKw IYnX^ssex ]ctXm hnI¬]\obmx.

˛ ChnsS ]dbmØh (c- ne[nIw {KlßfpsS tbmK^ew) CtX coXnbn¬

Nn¥n®v Adn™psIm≈Ww.

2. ZrjvSn^ew

(6)

`qt]m hnZzm≥ `q]Xn¿`p]Xpeyx

Nt{μ tatj tamjtIm \n¿≤\›

\nkzx kvtXt\m temIamt\ym aloix

kzmVyx t{]jy›m]n ZrjvtS IpPmssZyx (1)

(1) ]mTt`Zw: kzmVyx t{]tjym KhyYmcmZnZrjvtS ˛ sImSpß√q¿ ]Xn∏v.

 290

1. taSØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥

`qt]m hnZzm≥ `q]Xn `p]Xpey tamjIm \n¿≤\

cmPmhv hnZzm≥ cmPmhv cmPmhn\p I≈≥ Zcn{Z≥

ka≥

2. CShØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥

\nkzx kvtX\ temIam\y aloix (kz)BVy t{]jy

Zcn{Z≥ I≈≥ _lpam\nX≥ cmPmhv [\mVy≥ `rXy≥, ZqX≥

(7)

bp‹tÿ f tbmPohn`q]⁄[rjvSm˛

›t{μ ZrjvtS X¥phmtbm [\o N

kz¿£ tbm[{]m⁄kqcn£nXoim

temlmPothm t\{XtcmKo {ItaW.

3. anYp\Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥

AtbmPohn q] ⁄ [rjvS X¥phmb [\o

sIm√≥ cmPmhv ⁄m\n [oc≥ s\bvØp [\nI≥

Imc≥

4. I¿°SIØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kpcy≥

tbm[ {]m⁄ kqcn £nXoi temlmPoh t\{XtcmKo

tbm≤m hnZzm≥ ]finX≥ cmPmhv sIm√≥ t\{XtcmKn

(8)

cmPm tPymXn¿hn≤\mtVym \tct{μm

knwtl Nt{μ \m]nXx ]m¿∞nth{μx

Zt£m `q]x ssk\y]x I\yImbmw

\njvWmXx kymZv `qan\mY› `q]x.

5. NnßØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kpcy≥

cmPm tPymXn¿hnXv [\mVy \tc{μ \m]nX ]m¿∞nth{μ

cmPmhv tPymXnj [\nI≥ cmPmhv £pcI≥ cmPmhv

]finX≥

 291

6. I∂nbn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kpcy≥

Z£ `q] ssk\y] \njvWmX `qan\mY `q]

ka¿∞≥ cmPmhv ssk\ym[n]≥ ka¿∞≥ cmPmhv cmPmhv

(9)

itTm \r]kvXuen\n cpIvaImc-˛

›t{μ hWnIv kymXv ]nip\x Je›

IotS \rt]m bp‹]nXm (1) aloix

kymZzkv{XPoho hnIrXmwKhnØx (2)

.7. XpemØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥

iT \r] cpIvaImcx hWnIv ]nip\x Je

iT≥ cmPmhv X´m≥ I®]Sw NXnb≥ ZpjvS≥

8. hr›nIØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥

\rt]m bp‹]nXm aloix hkv{XPohn hnIrXmwK \nkz

cmPmhv .... cmPmhv hkv{X hnIemwK≥ Zcn{Z≥

hym]mcw

A¿∞t`Zw

bp‹]nXm -˛ hymJym\t`Zw::

1. Cc´°p´nIfpsS A—≥ (Cw•ojv hymJym\߃)

2. c- p ]nXm°fp≈h≥ (aebmfw hymJym\߃)

]mTt`Z߃

hkv{XPohn ˛

i{XppPohn ˛ i{Xp°sfs°m- p Pohn°p∂h≥

iva{ipPohn ˛ cPI≥

(iva{ipPohn cPI\√, £pcI\mWv).

ip{I_‘ambXn\m¬ hkv{Xw (2/6) BWv icnsb∂p tXm∂p∂p..

(10)

[q¿tXm lbmwtK kzP\w Pt\iw

\cuLam{inXy (1) iTx kZw`x

`qt]m \tc{ix £nXnt]m hn]›n˛

≤\o Zcnt{Zm aItc lnamwssi.

(1) ]mTt`Zw : P\m{ib›m]n

9. [\phn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

 292

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥

[q¿X (1) kzP\ (2) Pt\i \cuL..(3). iTx (4) kZw`x

[q¿Ø≥ .. cmPmhv iT≥ Al¶mcn

(1) [q¿Ø ˛ NXnb≥, I≈≥, kq{Ximen, [q¿ØSn°p∂h≥

(i_vZ Xmcmhen)

(2) kzP\ ˛ kzP\ßtfmSpIqSnbh\pw

(3) \cuLam{inXy / P\m{ib›m]n ˛ P\w B{ibn°p∂h≥ / P\sØ

B{ibn°p∂h≥ (N{μ˛Kpcp˛ip{I_‘wk¿Δip`abamsW¶nepwip{I≥

Kpcphns‚ i{XphmWv; N{μ≥ ip{It‚bpw.. B \yq\X sh®p t\m°p

tºmƒ c- masØ A¿∞amWv icnsb∂p tXm∂p∂p.)

(4) iT≥ ˛ imTyap≈h≥, [q¿Ø≥, NXnb≥, a- ≥, aSnb≥ (i_vZXmcmhen)

10. aIcØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥

`q] \tc{μx £nXn] hn]›nXv [\o Zcn{Z

cmPmhv cmPmhv cmPmhv hnZzm≥ [\nI≥ Zcn{Z≥

(11)

Ipwt` f \yZmc\ncXx £nXnt]m \tct{μm

thiym]Xn¿ \r]htcm lnaKu \ram\yx

At¥y f LIrXv ]SpaXn¿\r]Xn› hnZzm≥

tZmssjIZrKvZpcnXIr® IpPmZn ZrjvtS.

11. Ipw`Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥

A\yZmc\ncX £nXn] \tc{μ thiym]Xn \r]hc \ram\yx

]ckv{Xo cmPmhv cmPmhv thiybpsS cmPmhv BZcWob≥

X¬∏c≥ `¿Ømhv

12. ao\Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew

IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥

ALIrXv ]SpaXn \r]Xn hnZzm≥ tZmssjIZrIv ZpcnXIrXv

]m]w _p≤nam≥ cmPmhv ]finX≥ tZmjwam{Xw ZpcnXw

sNøp∂h≥ ImWp∂h≥ sNøp∂h≥

 293

3. IpP≥ XpS-ßnb Ggp {Kl-ß-fp-tSbpw Awi-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂

N{μ-s\ a‰p {Kl-߃ ZrjvSn-sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-߃.

(12)

Bc£tIm h[cpNnx Ipitem \nbpt≤

`qt]m f ¿∞hm≥ IelIrXv £nXnPmwikwtÿ

aq¿tJm\yZmc\ncXx kpIhnx(1) knXmwti

kXvImhyIrXv kpJ]tcm f \yIf{XK›.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: aq¿Jm\yZmccXImhyhnZx ˛ tlmcm

1. £nXnPmwikwtÿ ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv IpPs‚ \hmwiØn¬

(1 taSw, 8 hr›nIw) a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSnbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew

kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n Bc£I h[cpNn Ipite \nbpt≤ `q] A¿∞hm≥ IelIrXv

c£I≥ h[n°p∂Xn¬ apjvSn.bp≤Øn¬ cmPmhv [\nI≥ hg°mfn

X¬∏c≥ ka¿∞≥

2. knXmwti ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv ip{Is‚ \hmwiØn¬ (2 CShw, 7 Xpemw)

a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSnbn¬\n∂mep≈ ^ew

kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n aq¿J A\yZmc\ncX kpIhnx kXvImhyIrXv kpJ]c A\yIf{XK

hnUvVn ]ckv{Xo Ihn kXvIhn kpJn°p ]ckv{Xo

_‘ap≈h≥ ∂h≥ _‘ap≈h≥

(13)

_ut[ ln cwKNctNmcIho{μa{¥o˛

tKb⁄inev]\n]pWmx iin\o ÿntXwti

kzmwti f ev]Km{X[\ep_v[X]kznapJy˛

kv{Xot]mjrIrXy\ncXm› \nco£amtW.

3. _ut[ ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv _p[s‚ \hmwiØn¬ (3 anYp\w, 6 I∂n)

a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSnbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew

kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n cwKNc tNmc Iho{μ a{¥o tKb⁄ inev]\n]pWmx

cwKIeIƒ I≈≥ Ihn a{¥n kwKoX⁄≥ inev]n

AhXcn∏n°p∂h≥

4. kzmwti ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv (4) I¿°SIØn¬ a‰p {KlßfpsS

ZrjvSnbn¬\n∂mep≈ ew

 294

kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n Aev]Km{X [\ep_v[ X]kzn apJy kv{Xot]mjr IrXy\ncX

sNdnbicocw ep_v[≥ X]kzn apJy≥ kv{XoPnX≥ IrXyßfn¬

\ncX\mbh≥

(14)

kt{Imt[m \c]XnkΩtXm \n[oix

knwlmwti {]`pckptXm f Xnlnw{kI¿Ωm

ssPhmwti {]YnX_tem ctWm]tZjvSm

lmky⁄x kNnhhnImahr≤ioemx.

5. knwlmwti ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv Nnßw\hmwiØn¬ (5) a‰p {KlßfpsS

ZrjvSnbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew

kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kt{Im[ \c]XnkΩX \n[oi {]`p AkpX AXnlnw{kI¿Ωm

tIm]jvT≥ cmPkΩX≥ [\nI≥ {]`p a°ƒ {Iqc≥

C√mØh≥

6. ssPhmwti ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv [\p (9) ao\w (12) \hmwißfn¬ a‰p

{KlßfpsS ZrjvSnbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew

kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n {]YnX_e ctWm]tZjvSm lmky⁄ kNnh hnIma hr≤ioemx.

_ehm≥ bp≤Imcyßfn¬ kck≥ a{¥n Imaw hm¿≤Iy...

D]tZjvSmhv C√mØh≥ klPw

(15)

Aev]m]tXym ZpJnXx kXy]n tkz

am\mk‡x I¿ΩWn tkz f \pc‡x

ZpjvSkv{XojvSx Ir]W›m¿°n`mwti

Nt{μ `m\u XZzZnμzmZnZrjvtS.

7. N{μ≥ P\\kabØv aIcw (10) Ip`w (11) \hmwißfn¬ a‰p {KlßfpsS

ZrjvSnbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew

kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n Aev]m]Xy ZpJnXx am\mk‡x I¿ΩWn... ZpjvSkv{XojvSx Ir]W k

Ipdhv \ncX≥ CjvSw

Nt{μ `m\u XZzZnμzmZnZrjvtS ˛ ta¬∏d™ \hmwißfn¬ \n¬°p∂ kqcys\

N{μ≥ XpSßnb {Kl߃ t\m°nbmep≈ ^ehpw Cßs\Øs∂bmWv

(16)

kqcymZntXm f {Xmwi^ew {]ZnjvSw

t⁄bw \hmwiky ^ew XtZh

 295

cmio£tW bXv ^eap‡antμm˛

kvX±zmZimwiky ^ew ln hmNyw.

kqcymZnX A{X Awi^ew {]ZnjvSw ˛ 12˛15 t«mIßfn¬ kqcy≥ XpSßnb

{KlßfpsS Awi^esa∂v ]d™Xv

t⁄bw \hmwiky ^ew XtZh ˛ \hmwi^ewXs∂bmWv F∂dnbpI

cmio£tW bXv ^ew D‡w Ctμm ˛ N{μ\v cminZrjvSnbn¬ (6˛11) bmsXmcp

^ew ]d™pthm

XXv ZzmZimwiky ^eky hmNyw. ˛ ZzmZimwiØn\pwB ^ew Xs∂ ]dbWw.

(17)

h¿t§mØakz]ctKjp ip`w bZp‡w

XXv]pjvSa≤yeLpXm f ip`apXv{ItaW

hocym\zntXm f wiI]Xn¿\ncpW≤n ]q¿hw

cmio£Wky _eawi^ew ZZmXn.

1. h¿t§mØatKjp ip`w ]pjvS..

˛ h¿t§mØamwiØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚ ip`^ew]pjvSntbm

IqSnbXmbncn°pw.

2. kz ˛ kzmwiIØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚

ip`^ew a≤yaambncn°pw.

3. ]ctKjp ˛ ]cmwiIØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚

^ew Aev]ambncn°pw.

4. Aip`apXv{ItaW ˛ Aip`^ew CXn\p hn]coXambncn°pw.

5 hocym\znX AwiI]Xn .... ˛ AwiIm[n]Xn hocyhm\mIp∂psh¶n¬

cminZrjvSn^esØ XSp°pIbpw

cmio£Wky _eawi^ew ZZmXn.˛ AwiIZrjvSn^esØ sImSp°pIbpw

sNøp∂p.

296 

A≤ymbw 19

Zim-^ew

hnjbhnhcw

1. Zim{Iaw

2. hnw-tim-Ø-cn (\£{X) Zi

3 . injvSZi KWnXw

4. h¿jw IW°m°p∂ hn[w

5 Zim^ew (cNIp_pKpipakin {IaØn¬)

6. hnwtimØcnZim (cNIpkKpa_pinip) {IaØn¬

Cu A≤ym-b-Øn¬ \h-{K-l-ß-fpsS Zim-Im-eØv A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ ^e-ß-fmWv

hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 5 apX¬ 17 hsc t«mI-ß-fn¬ cN-Ip-_p-Kp-ip-a-kin F∂ km[m-c-W

{Kl-{I-a-Ønepw 18 apX¬ 27 hscbp≈ t«mI-ß-fn¬ cN-Ip-k-Kp-a-_p-inip F∂n-ß-s\-

hnw-tim-Ø-cn-Z-im-{I-a-ØnepamWv ^ew ]d-bp-∂p-Xv. {Klw A\pIqeamtWm {]XnIqe

amtWm, AXn\v Bhiyamb {Kl_eapt- m XpSßnb Imcy߃ IqSn tN¿Øp Nn¥n-

°bpw th-Ww.

(1)

`‡ym tb\ \h-{Klm _lp-hn-ss[-cm-cm-[n-XmkvtX Nncw

k¥pjvSmx ^e-t_m-[-tl-Xp-a-Zn-i≥ km\p-{Klw \n¿Æbw

JymXm-w tX\ ]cm-i-tcW IYnXmw kwKrly tlmcm-K-amXv

kmcw `qcn-]-co-£-bm f Xn^enXmw ht£y almJymw Zimw.

`‡ym tb\ \h-{Klm _lp-hn-ss[- Bcm-[n-XmkvtX Nncw

˛ Bcm¬ Nnc-Imew `‡n-]q¿hw ]e hn[-Øn¬ Bcm-[n-°-s∏´v

k¥pjvSmx ^e-t_m-[-tl-Xp-a-Zn-i≥ km\p-{Klw \n¿Æbw

˛ k¥p-jvS-cmbn \h-{K-l-߃ ^e-t_m-[-tl-Xp A\p-{K-ln®p \¬Intbm

JymXm-w tX\ ]cm-i-tcW IYnXmw kwKrly tlmcm-K-amXv kmcw

˛ B ]cm-i-c-\m¬ ]d-b-s∏-´ tlmcm-K-akmcw

`qcn-]-co-£-bm AXn^enXmw ht£y almJymw Zimw.

 297

˛ kzbw ]co-£n-®-dn™v hfsc ^e-h-Øm-sW∂p I- v AXnse \£{X

(hnwtimØcn) Zim-^ek{º-Zm-bw Rm≥ Npcp°n ]d-bpI-bm-Wv..

(2)

A·ymZn Xmc-]-Xtbm chn-N-{μ-`ua

k¿]m-a-tc-Uy-i-\n-N-{μ-P-tI-Xp-ip{Imx

tX, \mS, ssk\n (km\n), Pb, NmSp, [Sm-\p, kuay,

ÿmt\, \Jm, \nK-ZnXm ic-ZkvXp tXjmw.

1. Zim{Iaw A·ymZn ˛ Im¿Øn-I-ap-X¬

Xmc-]-Xtbm ˛ \£-{Xm-[n-]-∑m¿

{Klw Zimh¿jw chn ˛ kqcy≥, tX ˛ X ˛ 6

N-{μ- ˛ N{μ≥, \mS ˛ \S ˛ 01 ˛ 10

`ua ˛ IpP≥, ssk\n ˛ k\ ˛ 70 ˛ 7

k¿∏m- ˛ cmlp, Pb ˛ 81 ˛ 18

Aa-tc-Uy- ˛ hymgw, NmSp ˛ NS ˛ 61 ˛ 16

i-\n-, [Sm-\p ˛ [S\ ˛ 910 ˛ 19

N-{μ-P ˛ _p[≥,- kuay ˛ kb ˛ 71 ˛ 17

tI-Xp-, ÿmt\ ˛ Y\ ˛ 70 ˛ 7

ip{I ˛ ip{I≥, \Jm ˛ \J ˛ 02 ˛ 20

\nK-ZnXm ic-XkvXp tXjmw

˛ F∂n-ßs\ Ah-bpsS Zim-h¿j߃ ]d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

IS-]-bmZn A£ckwJy D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv ChnsS {Kl-ß-fpsS Zim-h¿jw ]d-bp-∂-

Xv. AXv A\p_‘Øn¬ sImSpØn´p- v.

2. hnw-tim-Ø-cn (\£{X) Zi

\£{Xw \£-{Xm-[n-]≥ Zimh¿jw AizXn aIw aqew -˛ tIXp 7

`cWn ]qcw ]qcmSw ˛ ip{I≥ 20

Im¿ØnI D{Xw D{XmSw ˛ kqcy≥ 6

tcmlnWn AØw Xncp-thmWw˛ N{μ≥ 10

aI-bncw Nn{X Ahn´w ˛ IpP≥ 7

Xncp-hm-Xnc tNmXn NXbw ˛ cmlp 18

]pW¿Xw hnimJw ]qcq-cp-´mXn hymgw 16

]qbw A\ngw D{X-´mXn ˛ i\n 19

Bbneyw Xrt°´ tchXn ˛ _p[≥ 17

BsI 120 h¿jw

Hm¿Ωn-°m≥ Hcp ae-bmfw t«mIw:

BZn-Xy-\mdp iin ]Øp-sam-tcgp sNmΔ

]sØ´p ]mºp ]Xn-\mdp _rl-kv]-Xoi

 298

]sØm-ºtX i\n _p[≥ ]Xn-t\gp ]ns∂

tIXq-s\m-tc-gn-cp-]-Xm-aXp ip{I-\-¥yw.

(3)

E£ky Kaym LSnIm Zim-_vZ˛

\nLv\m \Sm]vXm kzZim-_vZ-kwJym

cqss]¿∂-ssK-x kwKp-W-tb-∂-tX\

lrXmkvXp amkm Znhkmx {Ita-W.

3 . injvSZim KWnXw

E£ky Kaym LSnIm .... ˛ \£{XØn¬ _m°nbp≈ \mgnIIsf

Zimh¿jwsIm- p s]cp°n, 60˛sIm- p

lcn®m¬ In´p∂Xp h¿jw. _m°nsb

cqss], \ssK, \tX\... ˛ 12, 30, 60 F∂nhsIm- p bYmhn[n {Inb

sNbvXm¬ {IaØn¬ amkw, Znhkw, \mgnI

F∂nh In´pw.

\£{Xw XpS-ßp-tºmƒ Xs∂ P\n-®m-et√ Zim-h¿jw apgp-h≥ In´q. AXp km[m-

c-W-a-√. AXn-\m¬ Hcp \mfns‚ CSbv°p P\\w h∂m¬ injvS-Zi (K¿`-in-jvS-Zi

F∂pw ]d-bpw.) IW-°m-°p∂ coXnbmWv Cu t«mI-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

P\\w tcmlnWn \£-{X-Øn-em-sW∂p Icp-Xp-I. HcpZnhkw 60 \mgn-I-bm-b-Xn-

\m¬, tcmlnWnbpw km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ 60 \mgn-I-bm-h-Ww. P\\w \S-∂Xv tcmlnWn 30

\mgnI Ign-™n-´m-sW¶n¬, _m°n 30 \mgn-Ibv°p injvS-Zi F{X ImWpw?

P∑\-£-{X-Øn¬ _m°n-bp≈ ka-bsØ AXns‚ Zim-h¿jw-sIm- p s]cp°n

Znh-k ssZ¿Lyw-sIm- p lcn®m¬ In´p∂ ^ew h¿jw.. _m°nsb 12 sIm- p

s]cp°n In´p-∂Xp amkw. AXns‚ _m°nsb 30 tIm- p s]cp°n In´p-∂Xp Znh-kw.

CXp-t]mse Adp-]XpsIm- p s]cp°n _m°n-bp≈ \mgnI˛hn\m-gn-I-I-sfbpw ImWmw.

DZmlcWw (B[p\nIcoXn):

tcmlnWn\£{Xw : 40T apX¬ 53T 20 ’ hsc

N{μkv^pSw : 1 ˛ 20T ˛ 33 ’ . = 50T˛-33 ’ \£{XØn¬ _m°n 53T 20 ’ ˛˛ 50T -33 ’ = 2T - 47 ’ = 167 ’ 13T˛20 ’ AYhm 800 ’ \v N{μZi = 10 h¿jw

AXpsIm- v 2T - 47 ’ AYhm 167 ’ \v N{μZi = ?

1. 10 $ 167 = 2. 0875 h¿jw

800

2 0875 $ 12 = 1. 05 amkw

10000

 299

3 5$ 30 = 1. 5 Znhkw

100 4 5$ 60 = 30 \mgnI

10

injvSZi : 2 h¿jw 1 amkw 1 Znhkw 30 \mgnI N{μZi.

(4)

chn-kv p-S-w- k(X)÷-\t\ bZm-koXv

XYm-hn-[-t›Xv {]Xn-h¿j-a¿°x

Bhr-Ø-bx- k¥n Zim-_vZ-Im\mw

`mK{I-am-Ø-±n-hkmx {]I¬]ym.

4. h¿jw IW°m°p∂ hn[w

Hcm-fpsS P\-\-k-a-bØv kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ ÿm\-Øp-Xs∂ kqcy≥ ho- pw hcp-

tºm-gmWv PmX-I\v Hcp hb- m-Ip-∂-Xv. CX-\p-k-cn-®p-thWw Zim-h¿jw IW-°m-°p-∂-

Xpw. h¿jØn\p XnIbmsX hcp∂ _m°nsbs°m- v `mK{Iaw A\pkcn®v (30

Znhkw = 1 amkw, 12 amkw = 1 h¿jw) amkhpw Znhkhpw ImWWw.

h¿jw F∂m¬ F{X Znh-k-amWv F∂Xp tPymXn-j-Ønse Hcp henb X¿°-hn-j-

b-amWv. AXn-\p≈ adp-]-Sn-IqSnbmWv Cu t«mIw.

5. Zim^ew (cNIp_pKpipakin {IaØn¬)

(5)

`m\px ItcmXn Ielw £nXn-]m-e-tIm-]˛

amI-kvanIw kzP-\-tcm-K-]-cn-{`aw N

At\ym\ysshc-a-Xn-Zp- lNnØ-tIm-]w

Kp]vXy¿∞-[m-\y-kp-X-Zm-c-Ir-im-\p-]o-Umw.

1. kqcyZi `m\px ItcmXn ˛ kqcy≥ sNøp∂p (kqcy-Z-i-bn¬),

Ielw ˛ hg°v

£nXn-]m-e-tIm-]w BI-kvanIw ˛ A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb cmP-tIm]w,

kzP-\-tcm-Kw ˛ kz¥°m¿°p tcmK-߃,

]-cn-{`aw ˛ ]cn{`aw, ]cn{`aWw ˛Np‰nØncn®¬ (?)

At\ym\ysshcw- ˛ ]c-kv]-c-i{XpX

AXn-Zp- l NnØ-tIm-]w ˛ Ak-l\ob-amb am\-kn-I-t£m`w,

Kp]vXn * ˛ Hfnhn¬ / XShn¬ IgnbpI

A¿∞- [m-\y- kp-X -Zm-c- Ir-im-\p-

]o-Umw ˛ [\w, [m\yw, a°ƒ, `mcy. A·n. Ch-

ImcWambp≈ ZpJw.

*Kp]vXy¿∞w ˛ clkyamb. [\w F∂pw ImWp∂p.

 300

kqcy≥ Zpÿ\msW¶nep≈ ^eßfmWv Cu t«mIØn¬ ]d™Xv. ASpØ

t«mIØn¬ kqcy≥ kpÿ\mbmep≈ ^e߃ hnhcn°p∂p.

(6)

{Iucym-[z-`qss]x Ie-ssl¿≤-\m]vXnw

h\mZn-({Zn)-k-©m-c-a-Xn-{]-kn≤nw

ItcmXn kptÿm hnPbw Znt\-i˛

kvssX£vWyw ktZm-tZym-K-cXnw kpJw N

ItcmXn kptÿm Znt\-i - ˛ kqcy\p kpÿm\ÿnXnbmsW¶n¬,

{Iucym-[z-`qss]x Ie-ssl¿≤-\m]vXnw-˛ {Iqc{]h¿ØnIƒ, bm{X, cmPmhv, Ielw

Ch hgn [\mKaw

h\m{Zn k©mcw ˛ Im´nepw aebnepap≈ bm{X.

AXn{]kn≤nw ˛ hfsc {]kn≤n,

hnPbw,

ssXjvWyw ˛ Xo£vWX,

ktZmtZymKcXnw ˛ kZm DtZymKcXnw ˛ Ft∏mgpw {]h¿Ø\\ncX≥

kpJw

(7)

a\x-{]-kmZw {]I-tcmXn N{μx

k¿hm¿∞-kn≤nw kpJ-t`m-P\w N

kv{Xo]p-{X-`q-jmw-_-c-c-Xv\-kn≤nw

tKmt£{X-em`w ZznP-]q-P\w N

2. .N{μZi.

{]I-tcmXn N{μx ˛ N{μ≥ sNøp∂p (N-{μ-Z-i-bn¬)

a\x-{]-kmZw ˛ Dt∑jw, kt¥mjw,

k¿hm¿∞-kn≤nw ˛ F√m DZy-a-ßfnepw hnP-bw.,

kpJ-t`m-P\w ˛ kpJ-`-£Ww,

kv{Xo]p-{X-`q-jmw-_-c-c-Xv\-kn≤nw ˛ `mcy, a°ƒ, B`-c-W߃,

hkv{X߃, cXv\߃ ChbpsS e_v[n

tKmt£{X-em`w ˛ ]ip°ƒ, `qkzØv ChbpsS em`w

ZznP-]q-P\w ˛ {_m“-W-]q-P.

(8)

_te\ k¿hw iin-\kvXp hmNyw

]q¿th Zimtl ^e-a{X a≤yw

at≤y Zimtl ]cn-]q¿Æ-hocyw

XrXo-b-`m-tK f ¬]^ew {Ita-W.

_te\ k¿hw iin-\x Xp hmNyw ˛ N{μ-Z-im-^ew N{μs‚ _e-a-\p-k-cn®p

]d-b-Ww

.

 301

1 ]q¿th Zimtl ^e-a{X a≤yw ˛ N{μ≥ Nm{μ-am-k-Øns‚ -BZy`mKØmsW-¶n¬

^ew a≤y-aw.

2 at≤y Zimtl ]cn-]q¿Æ-hocyw ˛ a≤y-`m-KØmsW-¶n¬ ]q¿Æ ^ew.

3 XrXo-b-`m-tK A¬∏-^ew ˛ Ah-km-\-`m-KØmsW-¶n¬ A¬∏-^ew.

]{μs‚ ]£-_ew:

(1) ip¢-]-£-{]-Xn-]ZwapX¬ ip¢-]-£-Z-ian hsc ˛ BZy`mKw, ^ew a≤y-aw.

(2) ip¢-]-£- GIm-ZinapX¬ IrjvW-]£]©anhsc ˛ a-≤y-`m-Kw, ]q¿Æ ^ew.

(3) IrjvW-]£ jjvTnapX¬ Aam-hmknhsc ˛ A-h-km-\-`m-Kw, A¬∏-^ew.

(9)

`uaky kzZ-im-^-em\n lpX-`p-Kv

`q-]m-l-hm-ssZy¿[\w

ss`j-Pym-\r-X-h-©-ss\› hnhnss[x

{Iusscy¿≤-\-kym-Kax

]nØm-kr-KvPz-c-_m-[n-X› kXXw

\oNmw-K-\m-tk-h\w

hntZz-jx kpX-Zm-c-_-‘p-Kp-cp`nx

IjvtSm- f \y-`mtKy cXx.

3. IpPZi `uaky kzZ-im-^-em\n ˛ IpP-Z-i-bn¬,

lpX-`p-Iv `q-] Bl-h B-ssZyx [\w ˛ A·n, cmPm-hv, bp≤w Ch- hgn [\w

ss`j-Py*, A\r-X -h-©-ss\› hnhnss[x {Iusscyx [\-kym-Kax

˛NXn*, -AkXyw, h©\, ]e-hn[ {Iqc{]h¿Øn-Iƒ Ch-bpw [\mK-a-am¿§w.,

* t`jPØns‚ {][m\ A¿∞w, a‰p hymJym\ßfn¬ sImSpØn´p≈Xp t]mse,

Huj[w F∂msW¶nepw kμ¿`Øn\p tNcpI Cu A{][m\ A¿∞amWv.

]nØ Akr-Iv Pz-c- _m-[n-X› ˛ ]nØw, c‡Zqjyw, ]\n XpS-ßnb

tcmK-߃

\oNmw-K-\m-tk-h\w ˛ \oN-kv{Xo- tkh,

kp-X- Zm-c- _-‘p- Kp-cp`nx hntZz-jw- a°ƒ, `mcy, _‘p-°ƒ, Kpcp-\m-Y-∑m¿

Ch-cp-ambn hntZzjw,

IjvtSm- ˛ IjvS∏mSpIƒ

A\y-`mtKy cXx ˛ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS `mKyØn¬ cX≥

IjvtSm- A\y-`mtKy cX ˛ A\y-∑m-cpsS `mKyw-I- v kln-°m≥

]mSn-√m-sX-bn-cn-°p-I ˛ as‰mcp hymJym\w.

(10)

kuayx ItcmXn kplr-Zm-K-a-am-fl-kuJyw

hnZzXv{]-iw-kn-X-bi› Kpcp-{]-kmZw

{]mK-¤y-ap-‡n-hn-jtb f ]n ]tcm-]-Imcw

Pmbm-fl-PmZn kplrZmw Ipi-ew al-Xzw.

 302

4 _p[Zi kuayx ItcmXn ˛ _p[-Z-i-bn¬,

kplr-Zm-K-aw ˛ kplr-Øp-°-fpsS/_‘p°fpsS BK-a\w-,

B-fl- kuJyw ˛ kpJw

hnZz¬{]-iw-kn-X bi› ˛ hnZzm-∑m-cpsS{]iwkaqeap- mIp∂ bi v,

Kpcp-{]-kmZw, ˛ BNmcys‚ k¥pjvSn

{]mK-¤y-w D-‡n-hn-jtb ˛ hmIvNm-Xpcyw,

]tcm-]-Imcw ˛ a‰p-≈-h¿°v D]-Imcw sNøpI

Pmbm-fl-PmZn kplrZmw Ipi-ew al-Xzw˛`mcy, a°ƒ, kplr-Øp-°ƒ XpS-ßn-b-

h¿°v Ipi-ehpw al-Xzhpw.

(11)

[¿Ω-{In-bm-]vXn-a-a-tc-{μ-Kpcp¿hn-[tØ

k¥m-\-kn-≤n-a-h-\o-]-Xn-]q-P-\w N

«mLy-Xz-ap-∂-X-P-t\jp KPm-iz-bm-\˛

{]m]vXnw h[q-kp-X-kp-lr-Zyp-Xn-an-jvS-kn-≤nw.

5 KpcpZi A-a-tc-{μ-Kpcpx hn-[tØ ˛ Kpcp-Z-i-bn¬,

[¿Ω-{In-bm-]vXn- ˛ [m¿ΩnI {]h¿Øn-Iƒ,

k¥m-\-kn-≤n- ˛ k¥m-\-em`w,

Ah-\o-]-Xn-]q-P-\w N ˛ cmP_lp-am\w,

«mLy-Xz-w D∂-X-P-t\jp ˛ D∂X hy‡n-I-fpsS {]iwk,

KP A-iz- bm-\ {]m]vXnw ˛ B\, IpXn-c, hml\w Ch-bpsS e_v[n

h[q -kp-X -kp-lr-Zyp-Xn- ˛ `mcy, a°ƒ, kplr-Øp-°ƒ Ch-cpsS

kmao]yw

C-jvS-kn-≤nw ˛ CjvSem`w

(12)

{IoUm-kp-tJm-]-I-c-Wm\n kphm-l-\m]vXnw

tKmc-Xv\-`q-j-W-\n-[n- {]-a-Zm-{]-tamZw

⁄m\-{Inbmw ken-e-bm-\-ap-ss]Xn iu{Iymw

Ieym-W-I¿Ω-_-lp-am-\-an-fm-[n-\m-YmXv.

6 ip{I-Z-i Dss]Xn iu{Iymw ˛ ip{I-Z-i-bn¬,

{IoUm -kp-J- D]-I-c-Wm\n ˛ hnt\m-Z-Øn\pw kpJØn\pw th- D]-I-c-

W߃, *

* {IoUm (Imahnt\mZw) kpJØn\p th- sX√mw ˛˛as‰mcp hymJym\w)

kphm-l-\ B]vXnw ˛ \√ hml\w ChbpsS e_v[n,

tKmc-Xv\`q-j-W- \n-[n {]-a-Zm -{]-tamZw ˛ ]ip-°ƒ, c-Xv\w, `q-j-Ww-, \n-[n kv{Xo

Chaqeap≈ kt¥mjw

⁄m\-{Inbmw ˛ ⁄m\-kºm-Z-\-Øn\p th- {]h¿Øn-Iƒ,

ken-e-bm-\w - ˛ Pe-bm{X,

 303

Ieym-W-I¿Ω - ˛ awK-f-I¿Ω-߃,

_-lp-am-\w -C-fm-[n-\m-Ym¬. ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w

(13)

]mtI f ¿°-Pky \nP-Zm-c-kp-Xm-Zn-tcm-Km≥

hmtXm-Ø-cm≥ Irjn-hn-\m-i-a-kXv{]-em]w

Ipkv{Xo-cXnw ]cn-P-ss\¿hn-bpXnw {]hm-k˛

amI-kvanIw kzP-\-`q-an-kp-Jm¿∞-\m-iw.

7 i\nZi ]mtI A¿°-Pky - i\nZibn¬,

\nP- Zm-c- kp-Xm-Zn -tcm-Km≥ hmtXm-Ø-cm≥ ˛ X\n°pw `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw

hmX-kw-_-‘-amb tcmK-߃,

Irjn-hn-\m-iw- ˛ Irjn-\miw,

AkXv {]-em]w ˛ Ak-Øp-°-fp-ambn hmt°‰w,

Ipkv{Xo-cXnw ˛ NoØ kv{XoI-fp-ambn _‘w,

]cn-P-ss\ hn-bpXnw ˛ `rXy-\jvSw,

{]hm-kw ˛ ]c-tZ-i-hmkw,

BIkvanIw kzP-\- `q-an -kp-J A¿∞ -\m-iw ˛ kzP-\w, `qan, kpJw, [\w

Ch-bpsS AhnNmcnXamb \jvSw.

(14)

Ipcym-Zlnx £nXn-]-tNm-c-hn-jm-·n-ikv{X˛

`oXnw kpXm¿-Øn-a-Xn-hn-{`-a-_-‘p-\miw

\oNm-]-am-\-\-a-Xn-{I-a-tXm- f ]-hmZw

ÿm\-NypXnw ]Z-lXnw IrX-Im-cy-lm-\nw.

(15)

hn[p-¥ptZ ip`m-\zntX {]ikvX `mh-kw-bptX

Zim ip`-{]Zm XZm alo-]-Xp-ey-`q-Xn-Zm

A`o-jvS-Im-cy-kn-≤tbm Krtl kpJ-ÿn-Xn¿`-th˛

ZN-©-em¿∞-k-©bmx £nXu {]kn-≤-Io¿Ø-bx.

(16)

I\ym-k-ao-\m-fn-K-Xky cmtlm¿˛

Zim-hn-]mtI aln-X© kuJyw

tZim-[n-]Xyw [\-hm-l-\m]vXnw

Zim-h-kmt\ kIew hn\m-iw.

8 cmlpZi

1 Ipcym-Zlnx ˛ cmlp Zi-bn¬,

£nXn-] -tNm-c -hn-j A·n -ikv{X `oXnw ˛cmPm-hv, I≈-∑m¿, hnjw, Xo, Bbp[w

Ch-bn¬\n∂pw `bw,

kpXm-¿Øn- ˛ ]p{X-ZpJw,

a-Xn-hn-{`-aw - ˛ _p≤n-{`aw,

_-‘p-\miw

 304

\oN A-]-am-\-\w- ˛ \oN-cm¬ A]-am\w

AXn-{I-a-w-,

A]-hmZw,

ÿm\-NypXnw ˛ ]Zhn\jvSw,

]Z-lXnw * ˛ ÿm\-\jvSw (Xcw Xmgvج)

( * Imen\p `wKw F∂p as‰mcp hymJym\w)

IrX-Im-cy-lm\nw ˛ {]h¿Øn-I-fn¬ ]cm-P-bw.

2 ip`m-\zntX ˛ ip`-{K-l-tbm-K-tam,

{]ikvX `mh-kw-bptX ˛ ip-``mh-ÿnXntbm D≈

hn[p-¥ptZ Zim ˛ cmlp-hns‚ Zi-

ip`-{]`m ˛ ip`^e߃ \¬Ipw.

alo-]-Xp-ey-`q-Xn-Zm. ˛ cmPm-hn\p Xpeyamb sFiz-cy-w Xcpw.

Aß--s\-bp≈ cmlp-hns‚ Zi-bn¬

A`o-jvS-Im-cy-kn-≤tbm ˛ B{K-ln-®-sX√mw \S-°pw.

Krtl kpJ-ÿn-Xnx `-th¬ ˛ Krl-Øn¬ kpJ-ap-- m-Ipw.

AN-©-em¿∞-k-©bm ˛ Dd® [\-ÿnXnbpw

£nXu {]kn-≤-Io¿Ø-bx ˛ {]kn-≤nbpw (D- mIpw.)

3 I\ym k-ao-\ A-fn- K-Xky ˛ I∂n, ao\w, hr›nIw Ch-bn¬ \n¬°p∂

cmtlmx Zim-hn-]mtI ˛ cmlp-hns‚ Zi-bn¬,

aln-Xw N kuJyw ˛ al-Øzhpw, kpJhpw,

(henb kuJyw F∂p ImWp∂p.).

tZim-[n-]Xyw

[\- hm-l-\m]vXnw ˛ [\w, hml\w Ch-bpsS e_v[n.

Zim-h-kmt\ kIew hn\m-iw ˛ cmlp Zi t]mIp-∂-tXmsS AsX√mw

t]mhp-Ibpw sNøpw.

(17)

tItXm¿Z-im-bm-a-cn-tNm-c-`qss]x

]oUmw N ikv{X-£-X-ap-jvW-tcmKw

an∞ym-]-hmZw Ipe-Zq-jn-XXzw

ht”¿`bw t{]mjWamfl-tZ-im¬.

9 tIXpZi tItXm¿Z-im-bm-w ˛ tIXp-Z-i-bn¬,

A-cn-tNm-c-`qss]x ]oUmw ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ, I≈-∑m¿, cmPmhv Ch-cn¬

\n-∂p≈ k,ieyw,

ikv{X-£-Xnw ˛ Bbp-[w-sIm- p apdnhv,

DjvW-tcmKw,

an∞ym-]-hmZw ˛ ASn-ÿm-\-an-√mØ A]-hmZw,

Ipe-Zq-jn-XXzw ˛ Ipe-w Zpjn-°pI,

ht”x `bw ˛ A·n-`bw,

t{]mjWw Bfl-tZ-imXv ˛ P\n® \mSp hn´p t]mtI-- n-h-cpI.

 305

6. hnwtimØcnZim (cNIpkKpa_pinip) {IaØn¬

(18)

AY XcWn Zimbmw {Iucy-`q-]m-e-bp-ss≤¿˛

[\-a-\-e-N-Xp-jv]m-Zv]o-U\w t\{X-Xm]w

DZ-c-Z-i-\-tcmKw ]p{X-Zm-cm¿Øn-cp-ss®¿˛

Kpcp-P-\-hn-clx kymZv `rXy-\m-tim f ¿∞-lm\n.

1 kqcyZi AY XcWn Zimbmw ˛ kqcy-Z-i-bn¬,

{Iucy-`q-]m-e-bp-ss≤¿[\ ˛ {Iqc{]-h¿Øn-IƒsIm- pw, cmPm-hn-\mepw,

bp≤w-sIm- pw [\-em`w,-

--A\-e-N-Xp-jv]m-Zv]o-U\w ˛ Xo, \m¬°m-en-Iƒ ChbpsS D]{Zhw

t\{X-Xm]w ˛ t\{X-tcmKw,

DZ-c-Z-i-\-tcmKw ˛ hb-dv, ]√v Chbv°p tcmKw

]p{X-Zm-cm¿Øn-cp-ss®¿ ˛ `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw ZpJw

Kpcp-P-\ -hn-clw ˛ Kpcp-P-\-ß-fpsS th¿]mSv,

`rXy-\m-tim ˛ `rXy\miw,

A¿∞-lm\n ˛ [\-\jvSw.

(19)

inin-c-I-c-Z-imbmw a{¥-tZ-h-Zzn-tPm¿ho˛

]XnP\n-X-hn-`qXnx kv{Xo[-\-t£-{X-kn≤nx

Ipkp-a-h-k-\-`q-jm-K-‘-\m-\m-c-km-]vXn¿˛

`hXn _en-hn-tcm[x kz£tbm hmX-tcmKx

2 N{μ-Z-i inin-c-I-c-Z-imbmw ˛ N{μ-Z-i-bn¬,

a{¥-tZ-h-Zzn-tPm¿ho]XnP\n-X-hn-`qXnx ˛a{¥w,- tZh-∑m¿, {_m“-W-∑m¿, cmPm-hv

F∂-nh-¿ ImcWw D- m-Ip∂ sFiz-cyw-,

kv{Xo[-\-t£-{X-kn≤nx ˛ `mcy, [\w, `qan, Ch-bpsS em`w,

Ipkp-a-h-k-\-`q-jm-K-‘-\m-\m-c-km-]vXn¿˛ ]q°ƒ, hkv{Xw, B-`-c-W-߃, kpK-

‘{Z-hy-߃ XpSßn,

\m-\m- c-km-]vXnx ˛ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ kpJ-t`m-K-ßfpsS e_v[n,

`hXn _en hn-tcm[ ˛ _e-hm-∑m-cp-ambn hntcm-[w,

(]m-T-t`Zw ˛ `hXn Je-hn-tcm[ ˛ Je-cp-ambn hntcm-[w),

kz£tbm ˛ kzØn\p £bw, [\-\miw,

hmX-tcmK ˛ hmXw F∂nh ^ew.,

(]m-T-t`Zw : hmcn-tcmKx - - PeP\yamb tcmK߃)

(20)

£nXn-X-\-b-Z-imbmw t£{X-ssh-cn-£n-Xo-i˛

{]Xn-P-\n-X-hn-`qXnx kymXv ]ip-t£-{X-em`x

kl-P-X-\-b-sshcw Zp¿÷-\-kv{Xojp k‡n¿˛

±l-\cp-[n-c-]n-Ø-hym-[n-c¿t∞m-]-lm-\nx.

 306

3 IpPZi £nXn-X-\-b -Z-imbmw ˛ IpP-Z-i-bn¬,

t£{X-ssh-c-£n-Xo-i{]Xn-P-\n-X-hn-`qXnx ˛ `qan, i{Xp, cmPm-hv, Ch-bm¬ sFiz-cy-w

]ip- t£-{X -em` ˛ ]ip, `qan Ch-bpsS e_v[n,

kl-P- X-\-b -sshcw ˛ ktlm-Z-c-∑mcpw a°-fp-ambn sshcw,

Zp¿÷-\-kv{Xojp k‡n ˛ NoØ-kv{Xo-I-fn¬ Bk‡n,

Zl-\ -cp-[n-c- ]n-Ø-hym-[nx- ˛ DjvW c‡- ]nØ tcmK-߃,

A¿t∞m-]-lm-\n ˛ [\-\miw.

(21)

Akp-c-h-c-Z-imbmw Zpkz-`m-thm- f Yhm(1) kym˛

ZXn-K-l-\-K-Zm¿Ønx kq\p-\m-tcym¿hn-\mix

hnj-`-b-a-cn-]oUm ho£-tWm¿≤zmw-K-tcm-Kx

kplrZpZnXhn-tcmt[m `q]-tX¿tZz-j-em-`x.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ ZpxJ-`mthm

4 cmlpZi Akp-c-h-c-Z-imbmw ˛ cmlp-Z-i-bn¬,

Zp z-`m-thm ˛ Zpkz-`mhw,

AXn-K-l-\-K-Zm¿Øn ˛ ITn-\-amb tcmK-Zp-Jw,

kq\p- \m-tcymx hn-\mi ˛ aI≥, `mcy Ch-cpsS \miw,

hnj-`-b ˛ hnj-`bw,

Acn-]oUm ˛ i{Xp-ieyw,

ho£-W Du¿≤zmw-K-tcm-K ˛ IÆv, inc v Ch-bv°p tcmKw,

kplrZpZnX-hn-tcmt[m ˛ kplrXv hntcm-[w,-

`q]-tXx tZz-j-em-`x ˛ cmP-tIm-]w.

(22)

Aa-c-Kp-cp-Z-imbmaw_-cm-Zy¿∞-kn≤nx

]cn-P-\-]-cn-hm-c-{]u-Vn-c-Xy¿∞-am\x

kpX-[-\-kp-lr-Zm]vXnx km[p-hm-Zm-]vX-]qPm

`hXn Kpcp-hn-tbmKx I¿Æ-tcmKx I^m¿Ønx.

5 hymgZi Aa-c-Kp-cp-Z-imbmw ˛ hymg-Z-i-bn¬,

Aw_-cm-Zn A¿∞-kn≤n ˛ hkv{Xw, [\w XpS-ßnbhbpsS e_v[n

]cn-P-\- ]-cn-hm-c -{]u-Vn- ˛ ]cn-Nm-c-ItcmSpw ]cn-hm-ctØmSpw IqSnb -

{]uVn,

AXy¿∞-am\w ˛ henb _lp-am\w,

kpX- [-\ -kp-lr-Xv B]vXn ˛ a°ƒ, [\w, kplr-Øp-°ƒ Ch-bpsS

{]m]vXn,

km[p- hm-ZmXv B]vX-]qPm

˛ km[p-hmb (i-cn-bm-b) hmZwsIm- v B]vX-am-Ip∂ (e-`n-°p-∂) ]qP (B-Z-c-hv)

F∂v Hc¿∞w.. k¬°m-cy-ß-sf-∏-d-bp∂ tbmKy-∑m- cpsS ]qP F∂p as‰m-c¿∞w.

(km[phmZm]vX]qP ˛ \√ hm°pw tbmKy∑mcpsS ]qPbpw F∂pw ImWp∂p.).

 307

Kpcp-hn-tbmKw ˛ KpcpP\-ßfpambn th¿]mSv,

I¿Æ-tcmKw ˛ sNhnbv°v AkpJw,

I^m¿Øn ˛ I^-tcm-Kw.

(23)

chnX\-b-Z-imbmw cmjv{S-]o-Um-{]lm-c(1)˛

{]Xn-P-\n-X-hn-`qXnx t{]jy-hr-≤mw-K-\m]vXnx

]ip-a-ln-j-hr-jm]vXnx ]p{X-Zm-c-{]-]oUm

]h-\-I-^-Kp-Zm¿Ønx ]mZ-l-kvXmwKXm-]x. (1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ A{K-lmc*

6 i\nZi chnX\-b -Z-imbmw ˛ i\n-Z-i-bn¬,

cmjv{S-]o-Um{]-lm-c {]Xn-P-\n-X -hn-`qXn

˛ cm-jv{Sob {]iv\-߃ (B`y¥cIem]߃), AXn{I-a߃ (_e{]tbmK߃)

Ch hgn sFizcyw,

t{]jy- hr-≤mw-K-\ B]vXn ˛ Zmk-,- hr-≤kv{Xo, {]m]vXn.

]ip- a-ln-j- hr-j B]vXn ˛ ]ip, Fcp-a, Imf Ch-bpsS e_v[n,

]p{X -Zm-c -{]-]oUm ˛ ]p{X≥, `mcy Ch¿°v D]-{Zhw,

]h-\ -I-^- Kp-Zm¿Øn ˛ hmXw, I^w, A¿i- v,

]mZ- l-kvXmw-K- Xm-] ˛ Im¬, ssI Np´p-\o-‰w.

* {]lmcØn\p ]Icw aebmfhymJym\ßfn¬ A{KlmcamWv ImWp∂Xv.

A{Klmcw kμ¿`Øn\p tbmPn°p∂n√.

(24)

iin-X-\-b-Z-imbmw iiz-Zm-Nm-cy(1)-kn-≤n¿˛

ZznP-P-\n-X-[-\m]vXnx t£{X-tKm-hm-Pn-em`x

a\p-h-c-kp-c-]qPm-hn-Ø-kw-Lm-X-kn≤nx

{]`-hXn acp-Z-jvW-t«-jva-tcm-K-{]-]oUm. (1)]mTt`Zw ˛ BNmc

7 _p[Zi

iin-X-\-b-Z-imbmw ˛ _p[-Zibn¬,

iiz-Zm-Nm-cy-kn-≤n ˛ BNmcye_v[n.

(Kp-cp-hns\ e`n-°p-Itbm

kzbw Kpcp-hm-IpItbm sNøpw.),

ZznP- P-\n-X -[-\m]vXn ˛ {_m“-W-¿ hgn [\-em`w

t£{X -tKm -hm-Pn -em`w ˛ `qan, ]ip-°ƒ, IpXn-c-Iƒ Ch In´pI,

a\p-h-c- kp-c -]qPm ˛ cmP˛tZh]q-P-Iƒ,

hn-Ø -kw-Lm-X -kn≤n ˛ henb [\-e_v[n,

(a\p-h-c-kp-c]qPsIm- v hnØkn≤n F∂pw ImWp∂p∂p.)

 308

acp-Xv D-jvW -t«-jvatcm-K -{]-]oUm ˛ hmbp-t£m-`w, DjvWw, I^-tcmKw Ch-

bpsS ieyw

(25)

inJn-P-\n-X-Z-imbmw timI-tam-tlm f w-K-\m`nx

{]`p-P-\-]-cn-]oUm hnØ-\mtim f -]-cm[x

{]`-hXn X\p-`mPmw t{]mjWw kzob-tZ-im˛

±i-\-N-c-W-tcmKx t«jva-k-¥m-]\w N.

8 tIXpZi

inJn-P-\n-X-Z-imbmw ˛- tIXp-Z-i-bn¬,

timI-tam-lw Aw-K-\m`n ˛ kv{XoI-fm¬ timIhpw tamlhpw

( hnclmZnIsfs°m- p≈ ZpJhpw X∂nanØap≈ a\›m©eyhpw

˛˛ as‰mcp hymJym\w)

{]`p-P-\ -]-cn-]oUm ˛ {]`p-°-fpsS ieyw,

hnØ-\m-i ˛ [\-\miw

A]-cm[ ˛ A]-cm[w,

t{]mjWw kzob-tZ-imXv ˛ \mSp-hn-tS-- n-h-cpI,

Zi-\- N-c-W- tcmK ˛ ]√v, Im¬ Chbv°v tcmKw,

t«jva-k-¥m-]\w ˛ I^-tcm-Kw. ChbpsS ieyw.

(26)

`rKpX\bZimbmawK\mcXv\hkv{X˛

ZypXn\n[n[\`qjmhmPniømk\m]vXnx

{IbIrjnPebm\ {]m]vXhnØmKtam hm

`hXnKpcphntbmtKm _m‘hm¿Øn¿at\mcpIv.

9 ip{IZi

`rKpX\bZimbmw ˛ ip{IZibn¬,

AwK\m cXv\ hkv{X ZypXn \n[n [\ `qjm hmPn iø Bk\m]vXnx

˛ kv{Xo, cXv\w, hkv{Xw, ZypXn, \n[n, [\w, B`cW߃, IpXnc, InSbv°,

Ccn∏nSw, ChbpsS e_v[n

{Ib Irjn Pebm\ {]m]vXhnØmKa I®hSw, Irjn, Pebm{X Ch hgn

[\{]m]vXn

`hXn KpcphntbmtKm ˛ Kpcp\mYs‚ / KpcpP\ßfpsS th¿]mSv,

_m‘hm¿Øn ˛ _‘pZpJw

at\mcpIv ˛ at\mthZ\.

309 

A≤ym-bw 20

`mhm-[n-]- Z-im-^ew Hmtcm {Kl-ß-fp-sSbpw KpW-߃°-\p-kr-X-ambn Ah Ah-bpsS Zim-]-lm-c-ß-

fn¬ \¬Ip∂ (kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂) ^eßsf-bmWv Ign™ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®-Xv.

Ah `mhm-[n-]-sc∂ \ne-bn¬ \¬Ip∂ ^e-߃IqSn AXns‚ IqsS tN¿Øp Nn¥n-°-

Ww.-

(1)

`mth-iz-tcW {]_-te\ tb\

bZy-Xv^ew lo\-_-te\ tb\

bZm-\p-t`m-‡-hy-a-\\y kayIv

kwkq-N-bn-jy-XyY kw{K-tlW.

`mth-iz-tcW {]_-te\ tb\ ˛ _-e-ap≈ `mhm[n]-scs°m-- pw,

bZy-Xv^ew lo\-_-te\ tb\ ˛ Zp¿∫-e-cmb `mhm-[n-]-sc-s°m- pw D≈ ^ew,

bZm-\p-t`m-‡-hy-a-\\y kayIv ˛ Ft∏mƒ Fßns\ A\p-`-h-s∏Spw F∂v

kwkq-N-bn-jy-XyY kw{K-tlW ˛ Npcp°n ]d-bmw.

1. kpÿ `mhm-[n-]- Z-im-^ew (2)

et· _enjvtT PKXn {]`pXzw

kpJ-ÿnXnw tZl-_ew kph¿®x

D]-cyp-]-cy-`yp-Z-bm-`n-hr≤nw

{]m]vt\mXn _mte-μp-h-tZj PmXx.

1.e·m-[n-]s‚- -Zi et· _enjvtT ˛ e·w _e-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂m¬

PKXn {]`pXzw ˛ temI-Øn¬ {]`p-Xzhpw,

kpJ-ÿnXnw ˛ kpJmh-ÿbpw,

tZl-_ew ˛ icoc_ehpw,

kph¿® ˛ ico-c-Im¥nbpw D- mIpw.

 310

_mte-μp-hXv G-j PmXx ˛ PmX-I≥ _me-N-{μ-s\-t∏mse,

D]-cn D-]-cn A`yp-±-b A`nhr≤nw ˛ ta¬°p-ta¬ A`yp-±-bhpw A`nhr-≤nbpw

{]m]vt\mXn ˛ {]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

(3)

]mtI f ¿∞-\m-Yky IpSpw-_-kn≤nw

k¬]p-{Xn-Im]vXnw kpJ-t`m-P\w N

{]m]vt\mXn hmKvPohnIbm XZp‡nw

[\m\n h‡m kZkn {]i-kvXmw.

2 c- mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi ]mtI A¿∞-\m-Yky ˛ (_e-ap-≈) c- mw `mhm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,

IpSpw-_-kn≤nw ˛ IpSpw_w,

k¬]p-{Xn-Im]vXnw ˛ kZvKp-W-ap≈ s]¨a-°ƒ,

kpJ-t`m-P\w ˛ kpJ-`-£Ww,

hmKvPo-hn-Ibm ˛ hmIv D]-Po-h-\-am¿§-w,

XZp‡nw [\m\n ˛ B hmIvkm-a¿∞yw-sIm- p [\-em`w,

h‡m kZkn {]i-kvXmw ˛ kZ- p-I-fn¬ {]i-kvX-\mb hm‹n-bm-Ipw.

Ch ^ew.

(4)

iutcy khotcy kl-Pm-\p-Iqeyw

kt¥m-j-hm-¿Øm-{i-hWw N iucyw

tk\m-]-XnXzw e`tX f `nam\w

P\m-{ibw kZvKp-W-`m-P-\-Xzw. 3 aq∂mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi iutcy khotcy ˛ _e-hm-\mb aq∂mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,

kl-Pm-\p-Iqeyw ˛ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS klmbw.

kt¥m-j-hm-¿Øm-{i-hWw ˛ kt¥m-j-hm¿ØIƒ tIƒ°pw.

iucyw,

tk\m-]-XnXzw,

A`nam\w,

P\m-{ibw

kZvKp-W-`m-P-\-Xzw ˛ \√ Kp-W-߃°v Ccn-∏n-Sw- Ch ^ew.

(5)

_‘q]Imcw Irjn-I¿Ω-kn≤ow

kv{Xokw-Kaw hml-\-em-`-taXn

t£{Xw Krlw \qX-\-a¿∞-kn≤nw

ÿm\-{]-ikvXnw N kptJ Zim-bmw.(1)

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kptJi Zmtb.

 311

4 \memw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi kptJ Zim-bmw ˛ (_ehm\mb) \memw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,

_‘q]Imcw ˛ _‘p-°-sf-s°m- v D]-Imcw.

Irjn-I¿Ω-kn≤ow ˛ Irjnbn¬ \n∂p t\´w.

kv{Xokw-Kaw ˛ kv{XokwKaw

hml-\-em-`w- ˛ hml-\-em`w.

t£{Xw Krlw \qX-\w A¿∞-kn≤nw ˛ Irjn`qan, ]pXnb hoSv, [\w, Ch-bp- mIpw.

ÿm\-{]-ikvXnw ˛ ÿm\-am-\-߃ e`n-°pw.

(6)

]p{X-{]m]vXnw _‘p-hn-emkw \r]-Xo\mw

kmNnhyw hm [o-i-Z-imbmw _lp-am\w

{]mssPy¿t`m-ssPy¿ar-jvSanlm-iv\mXn ZZmXn

t{ib-kvImcyw k÷-\-ikvXw k hnZ-≤ym-Xv.

5 A©mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi [o-i-Z-imbmw ˛ (_e-hm-\mb) A©mw-`m-hm-[n-]-s‚ Zibn¬

]p{X-{]m]vXnw ˛ ]p{X-P-\\w.

_‘p-hn-emkw ˛ _‘p-°-fp-ambn BtLm-jw.

\r]-Xn\mw kmNnhyw ˛ a{¥n-]Zw.

_lp-am\w ˛ _lp-a-Xn-Iƒ.

]mssPyx t`m-ssPyx

ar-jvS-an-lm-iv\mXn ZZmXn ˛ \√ `£-W-߃ Ign-°p-Ibpw

a‰p-≈-h¿°p sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.

t{ib-kvImcyw k÷-\-ikvXw ˛ k÷-\-ß-ƒ {]iwkn-°p∂ t{ib v

Ch- ^-ew.

(7)

cn]q∂n-l¥n kml-ssk-c-co-iz-cky h’tc

Atcm-K-Xm-ap-Zm-c-Xm--a-[r-jy-Xm-a-Xn-{in-bw.

AhnLv\Xma`uaXmaXpey_mlphocyXm˛

akwibw ktaXytYm icoc]pjvSXma]n

6 Bdmw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi Aco-iz-cky h’tc ˛ (_e-hm-\mb) Bdmw-`m-hm-[ns‚ -Zibn¬.

cn]p-≥ \nl¥n kml-sskx- ˛ kml-kw-sIm- v i{Xp-°sf h[n°pw.

Atcm-K-Xmw- ˛ BtcmKyw.

DZm-c-Xm--w ˛ Zm\-ioew.

A[r-jyX ˛ AP-øX.

AXn-{inbw ˛ sFizcyw.

AhnLv\Xm ˛ hnLv\ßfn√mXncn°pI. .

A`uaXm ˛ A`uaamb t\´ßƒ.

AXpey_mlphocyXm ˛ AXpeyamb Ic_ew.

Cu t«mIØnse 3, 4 hcnIƒ sImSpß√q¿ ]Xn∏n¬ am{Xta ImWp∂p≈p.

 312

(8)

kºmZy hkv{Xm-`-cWm\n iømw

{]otXm caWymw ca-tX- f Xn-hocyx

ItcmXn Ieym-W-a-tlm-’-hm-Zo≥

kt¥m-j-bm{Xmw N atZ-i-Zm-tb.

7 Ggmw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi atZ-i-Zm-tb ˛ (_e-hm-\mb)Ggmw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚Zi-bn¬,

hkv{X B-`-cmWm\n iømw kºmZy {]otXm caWymw ca-tX A-Xn-hocy

˛ hkv{Xw, B`-c-Ww, InSbv° Ch kºm-Zn®v `mcysb {]oX-bm°n h¿-≤n-X-

ho-cy-tØmsS can-°pw.

ItcmXn Ieym-W-a-tlm-’-hm-Zo≥ ˛ Ieym-W-ßfpw a‰p atlm-’-hm-Zn-Ifpw

kt¥m-j-bm{Xmw ˛ D√m-k-bm-{X-Ifpw a‰pw \SØpw.

(9)

EW-hn-tam-N-\-apOvdXn-am-fl\x

Ie-l-Ir-Xy-\n-hr-Øn-ap-ss]Xn kx

aln-j-]-iz-P-`r-Xy-P-\m-Kaw

hbkn c{‘-]-tX¿_-e-im-en-\x.

8 F´mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi hbkn c{‘-]-tXx _-e-im-en-\x ˛ _e-hm-\mb F´mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,

EW-hn-tam-N-\w ˛ ISØn¬ \n∂pw tamN\w,

DOvdXn-w B-fl\ ˛ ta¬KXn,

Ie-l-Ir-Xy- \n-hr-Øn-ap-ss]Xn ˛ hg-°p-Iƒ°p ]cn-lmcw,

aln-j- ]-ip AP- `r-Xy-P-\ B-Kaw t]mØv, ]ip, BSv, the-°m¿ Ch h∂p-tNcpw.

(10)

kv{Xo]p{X-]u-ss{X l _‘p-h¿ss§x

`mKyw {inbw N A\p-`-h-Xy-P{kw

t{ibmwkn Imcym-Wy-h-\o-i-]qPmw

`mtKy-i-Zmtb ZznP-tZ-h-`-‡nw.

9 Hº-Xmw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi `mtKy-i-Zmtb ˛ (_e-hm-\mb) HºXmw `mhm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,

kv{Xo]p{X-]u-ss{Xx kl _‘p-h¿ss§x ˛

˛ `mcy, a°ƒ, a°-fpsS a°ƒ, _‘p-°ƒ

XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS -IqsS.

`mKyw {inbw N A\p-`-h-Xy-P{kw˛ `mKyhpw sFiz-cyhpw F∂pw A\p-`-hn-°pw.

t{ibmwkn Imcym-Wn ˛ t{ib-kvI-c-amb Imcy-߃ sNøpw.

Ah-\o-i-]qPmw ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w e`n°pw

ZznP-tZ-h-`-‡nw ˛ {_-“-⁄m-\n-I-fn-epw tZh-∑m-cnepw

`‡n D- mIpw.

 313

(11)

bXvIm-cy-am-c-_v[-ap-ss]-Xy-t\\

Xsskyh kn≤nw kpJ-Po-h\w N

Io¿Ønw {]XnjvTmw Ipi-e-{]-hrØnw

amt\m-∂Xnw I¿Ω-]-tX¿Z-im-bmw.

10 ]Ømw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- Zi I¿Ω-]-tX¿Z-im-bmw ˛ (_e-hm-\mb) ]-Ømw-`m-hm-[n-]-s‚) Zi-bn¬,

bXvIm-cy-am-c-_v[-ap-ss]-Xn A-t\\ Xsskyh kn≤nw

˛ XpS-ßp-∂ Imcy-sa√mw hnP-bn°pw,

kpJ-Po-h\w N ˛ PohnXw kpJ-{]Z-am-Ipw.

Io¿Ønw ˛ {]ikvXn

{]XnjvT ˛ k¬t∏cv.

Ipi-e-{]-hrØn ˛ Ipi-e-amb {]h¿Øn-Iƒ

amt\m-∂Xnw ˛ ÿm\am\ßfn¬ Db¿®.

(12)

sFiz-cy-a-hym-l-X-an-jvS-_-‘p˛

kam-Kaw `rXy-P-\mw› Zmkm≥

kwkm-c-ku-`m-Ky-a-tlm-Z-b›

et`X em`m-[n-]-tX¿Z-im-bmw.

11 ]Xn-s\m∂mw- `m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi em`m-[n-]-tX¿Z-im-bmw ˛ (_e-hm-\mb) ]Xns\m∂mw `mhm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬.

sFiz-cy-w- Ahym-l-Xw ˛ sFizcyw XS an√msX h¿≤n®p

sImt- bncn°pw

C-jvS-_-‘pkam-Kaw ˛ th- -s∏-´-h-cpambn kamKaw D- mIpw

`rXy-P-\mw N Zmkm≥ ˛ `rXycpw Zmk-∑mcpw

kwkm-c- ku-`m-Ky -a-tlm-Z-b› euIn-Iamb F√m `mKy-ßfpw,

e`tX ˛ e`n°pw.

(13)

hytb-in-Xp¿hb-kyXn hybw ItcmXn k÷t\

ALu-L-\m-in\nw ip`-{Inbmw alo-i-am-\y-Xmw

\r]{]nbXzam\ytX ]cn—ZmZn e`yXm˛

aZp¿√`matcmKXmw ]ZÿnXnw XYm]v\pbmXv.

12 ]{¥- mw- `m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi hytb-in-Xpx hb-kyXn --˛ (_e-hm-\mb) ]{¥- mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚-

- Zibn¬,

hybw ItcmXn k÷t\ ˛ k÷-\-߃°p th- n hybw sNøpw.

ALu-L-\m-in\nw ip`-{Inbmw ˛ ]m]-\m-i-Iß-fmb kXvI¿Ω-߃ sNøpw.

alo-i-am-\y-Xmw ˛ cmP-_-lp-am-\w D- m-Ipw.

 314

\r]{]nbXzam\ytX ˛ cmPmhn¬\n∂p kvt\lhpw am\yXbpw

e`n°pw.

]cn—ZmZn e`yXm ˛ Km¿lntIm]IcWßfpsS e_v[nbpw.

AtcmKXmw ˛ BtcmKyhpw

]ZÿnXn ˛ ÿm\KpWhpw D- mIpw

.

Ggmw t«mIØnset∏mse Cu t«mIØnsebpw 3, 4 hcnIƒ sImSpß√q¿

]Xn∏n¬ am{Xta ImWp∂p≈p.

12.Zpÿ `mhm[n] Zim-^-ew

(14)

h{I-Kky \nP-Xpw-K-kp-lr-’-Xv˛

ÿm\-Kky Xp Zim-^-e-tahw

i{Xp-\o-N-Kr-l-au-Vy-j-U-¥y˛

On{ZKky Xp ^em-\y]n ht£y.

1 h{I-Kky \nP-Xpw-K -kp-lr-Xv kXvÿm\-Kky Xp Zim-^-ew- Ghw

˛ h{I-w, D®w, an{X-t£-{Xw, kpÿm\w (6˛8-˛12 Hgn-®p-≈h) Ch-bn¬ \n¬°p∂

{Kl-ßfpsS Zim-^ew, AXmbXv _eap≈ `mhm[n]cpsS Zim^ew, ta¬]-

™Xp-t]msebmWv .

2 i{Xp, \o-N-{Krl, au-Vy-, j-U-¥y On{ZKky ^em-\n A]n ht£y.

- ˛ i{Xp-t£-{Xw, Xs‚ \oN-cminbn¬ \n¬°p-∂ -{Klw, auVy-ap≈ {Klw,

6˛12-˛8 `mh-ßfn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw XpSßnbhbpsS, -AXmbXv _ean√mØ

`mhm[n]cpsS Zim^ew, C\n ]d-bp-∂p.

(15)

Zpxtÿ e·-]Xu \ntcm-[-\-ap-ss]-Xy-⁄m-X-hmkw `bw

hym[ym-[n-\n-X-c-{In-bm-`n-K-a\w(1) ÿm\-NypXnw Nm]Zw

PmUyw kwkZn hm°p-Spw-_-N-e\w Zpjv]-{XnImw Zr{KpPw

hmKvtZmjw {Zhn-W-hybw \r]-`bw Zpxtÿ ZznXo-bm-[n-t].

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ hym[ym-[o-\-]-c-{In-bm-`n-K-a\w

1 Zp¿∫-e-\mb e·m[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬ Zpxtÿ e·-]Xu ˛ e·-\m-[n-]≥ Zpÿ-\m-bm¬, )

\ntcm-[\w- Dss]-Xn ˛ hne°pIƒ

( {]hrØnIƒ°p hne°v 4)

A⁄m-X-hmkw ˛ Hfnhn¬ Ign-tb-- -Xmbpw hcpI,

`bw hym[n B-[n ˛ t]Sn, tcmKw, ZpJw,

CX-c-{In-bm-`n-K-a\w ˛ CX-c-{In-b-Isf A`n-K-an-°p-I.

A`n-K-an-°pI ˛ {]m]n-°p-I, A\p-K-an-°p-I.

ÿm\-NypXnw N B]Zw ˛ ÿm\-{`wihpw B]Øpw

 315

2 Zp¿∫-e-\mb c- mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬ Zpxtÿ ZznXo-bm-[n-t] ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb c- mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬

PmUyw kwkZn ˛ kZ- n¬ tim`n-°msX hcpI

hmIv Ip-Spw-_-N-e\w ˛ hm°p ]men-°m≥ Ign-bmsX hcpI, hoSp-am-dpI

Zpjv]-{XnImw ˛ tZmj-I-c-amb IØp-Iƒ

Zr{KpPw ˛ ZrIv cpPw ˛ t\{X-tcmKw

hmKvtZmjw ˛ \mhp ]ng-bv°pI,

{Zhn-W-hybw ˛ [\-\jvSw,

\r]-`bw ˛ cmP-tIm]w.

(16)

Zp›n-XvIm-[n-]Xu ktlm-Z-c-arXnw Imtcy Zpcm-tem-N-\m˛

a¥»{Xp-\n-]o-U\w ]cn-`hw XZvK¿h -`wKw htZXv.

amXr-t¢-i-a-cn-jvS-an-jvS-kp-lrZmw t£{X-Kr-tlm-]-πpXnw

]iz-izm-Zn-hn-\m-i\w Pe-`bw ]mXm-f-\m-tY -f _-te.

3 Zp¿∫-e-\mb aq∂mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi Zp›n-XvIm-[n-]Xu ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb aq∂mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬,

ktlm-Z-c-arXn ˛ ktlm-Z-c-a-cWw,

Imtcy Zpcm-tem-N-\mw ˛ Zp¿Δn-Nmcw,

A¥xi{Xp-\n-]o-U\w, ]cn`hw ˛ a\x-t¢-iw, i{Xp-]oU, ]cn-`hw

K¿h-`wKw ˛ Al-¶m-c-\miw

4 Zp¿∫-e-\mb \memw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi ]mXm-f-\m-tY A-_-te ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb \memw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬

amXr-t¢-i-w ˛ amXr-ZpJw

Acn-jvSw C--jvS-kp-lrZmw ˛ th- -s∏-´-h¿°v AcnjvSw,

ZpJw t£{X- Kr-tlm-]-πpXnw ˛ `qan°pw hoSn\pw \miw,

]ip Aizm-Zn -hn-\m-i\w ˛ ]ip-°ƒ, IpXn-c-Iƒ Ch-b°p \miw,

Pe-`bw.

(17)

hotcymt\ {]Xn-`m-]Xu kpX-ar-Xn _p-≤n-{`aw h©\mw

A≤zm-\w- lyp-Z-cm(PTcm)-abw \c-]tXx tIm]w kzi-‡n-£bw

tNmcm-Xv `o-Xn A\¿∞-Zw N Za\w tcmKm≥ _lq≥ ZpjvIrXnw

`rXyXzw e`tX f h-am-\abix jjvtT-i-Zmtb {hWw.

5 Zp¿∫-e-\mb A©mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi hotcymt\ {]Xn-`m-]Xu ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb A©mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬,

kpX-ar-Xn ˛ ]p{X-a-cWw,

_p-≤n-{`aw ˛ {`m¥v,

h©\,

A≤zm-\w, -

D-Z-cm-abw ˛ hb-‰n\v AkpJw,

\c-]tXx tIm]w ˛ cmP-tIm]w,

 316

kzi-‡n-£bw ˛ _e-£-bw,

.6 Zp¿∫-e-\mb Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi

jjvtT-i-Zmtb ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬,

tNmcm-Xv `o-Xn ˛ XkvI-c-`bw,

A\¿∞-Zw -- ˛ A\¿∞-߃,

Za\w ˛ Io-g-S-߬ / Iogvs∏S¬,

tcmKm≥ _lq≥ ˛ tcmK-]oU,

ZpjvIrXnw ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω-߃,

`rXyXzw ˛ ZmkXzw,

Ah-am-\w-

Abix ˛ ZpjvIo¿Øn,

{hWw.

(18)

Pmam-Xp¿hy-k\w If-{X-hn-clw kv{Xotl-Xz-\¿∞m-Kaw

Zyqt\ti hn_-en-\y-k-Xy-`n-cXnw Kplym-abw NmS\w

ct{‘-im-bpjn timI-tam-l-a-Z-\m-’¿Δm-`n-aq¿t—m-{OXnw

Zmcn{Zyw {`aWw htZ-Z-]-b-tim-hym-[o-\-h⁄mw arXnw.

7 Zp¿∫-e-\mb Ggmw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi Zyqt\ti hn_-en-\n ˛ Ggmw-`m-hm-[n-]\p _e-an-s√-¶n¬,

Pmam-Xpx hy-k\w ˛ aI-fpsS `¿Ømhv aqew ZpJw,

If-{X-hn-clw ˛ `mcym-hn-clw,

kv{Xotl-Xp A\¿∞m-Kaw ˛ kv{Xo Im-cWw A\¿∞-߃,

Ak-Xn A-`n-cXnw ˛ ]ng® kv{XoI-fp-ambn _‘w,

Kplym-abw ˛ Kply-tcmKw,

AS\w ˛ Ducp-Np-‰¬,

8 Zp¿∫-e-\mb F´mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi ct{‘-im-bpjn ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb F´mw `mhm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,

timI -tam-l -a-Z-\m-Xv k¿Δm-`n-aq¿t—m-{OXnw˛ ZpJw, tamlw,-Imaw Ch-aqew {]iv\-߃,

Zmcn{Zyw,

{`aWw ˛ Id°w, Ae-™p-Xn-cn-b¬,

A-]-b-tim- ˛ Zpjv-Io¿Øn

hym-[o-≥ ˛ tcmK-߃,

A-h⁄mw ˛ \nμ

arXnw ˛ acWw,

(19)

]q¿thm-]m-knXtZh-tIm]aip`w Pmbm-X-\q-Pm-]Zw

ZujvIrXyw kzKptcmx ]nXp› \n[\w ssZ\yw ipt` Zp¿∫te

bZyXv I¿Ω ItcmXn XØ-Z-^ew kym∑m-\-`wKw \t`m˛

`mth Zp¿§p-WXmw {]hm-k-a-ip`w Zp¿hr-Øn-am-]-∂-Xmw.

 317

9 Zp¿∫-e-\mb HºXmw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi ipt` Zp¿∫te ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\m-b HºXmw -`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,

]q¿thm-]m-knXtZh-tIm]w ˛ apºv D]m-kn-®n-cp∂ tZh-X-bpsS tIm]w,

Aip`w,

Pmbm- X-\q-P B-]Zw ˛ `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw B]Øv

v ZujvIrXyw ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω-߃

kzKptcmx ]nXp› \n[\w ˛ Kpcp-hn\pw A—\pw acWw

ssZ\yw ˛ Zo\X

10 Zp¿∫-e-\mb ]Ømw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi \t`m `mth ˛ Zp¿∫e-\mb ]Ømw-`m-hm-[n-]-s‚ Zi-bn¬,

bZyXv I¿Ω ItcmXn, XØ-Xv A-^ew˛ sNøp∂ I¿Ω-ß-sf√mw \njv^-e-am-hpI,

am-\-`wKw,

Zp¿§p-WXmw ˛ Zp¿§p-W-߃,

{]hm-k-w ˛ A\y-tZ-i-hmkw,

Aip`w,

Zp¿hr-Øn- ˛ Zpjv{]-h¿Øn-Iƒ

B]-∂-Xmw ˛ B]-Øp-Iƒ.

(20)

{ih-W-a-ip-`-hmNmw {`mXr-IjvSw kpXm¿Ønw

`h-]-h-bkn ssZ\yw h©\w I¿Æ-tcmKw

_lp-cp-P-a-]-am\w _‘\w k¿h-k-ºXv

£b-a-]-c-iio hm bmXn cnt^-i-Zm-tb.

11 Zp¿∫-e-\mb ]Xns\m-∂mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi `h-]-h-bkn ˛ ]Xn-s\m-∂mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,

{ih-W-w A-ip-`-hmNm ˛ Aip-`-hm¿Ø-Iƒ tI¬°pw.

{`mXr-IjvSw ˛ ktlm-Z-c\p (tPyjvT\p) -IjvSw

kpXm¿Ønw ˛ ]p{X-ZpJw

ssZ\yw

h©\w

I¿Æ-tcmKw

12 Zp¿∫-e-\mb ]{¥-- mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi cnxt^-i-Zm-tb ˛ ]{¥-- mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬

_lp-cp-Pw - ˛ hfsc tcmK-߃

A-]-am\w

_‘\w

k¿h-k-ºXv £b-w- A]-c-iio hm IdpØ ]£Ønse N{μs\t∏mse

]Sn]Snbmbn kIe kºØpw \in°pw.

(21)

kw⁄mbmw bZ-Km-® -ImcI-hn-[n-t«m-tIjp b÷¬∏nXw

I¿Ωm-Po-h-\n-cq-]nXw ^e-anZw bt{Zm-K-Nn-¥m-hn[u

 318

bZy-tky-£-W-tbm-K-kw-`-h-^ew `mth-i-tbm-tKm-¤hw

`mth-ssi-c-]n- `m-h-ssK-c-]n- ^ew hmNyw Zim-bm-an-l.

3. Zim^e{]hN\Øn¬ {i≤nt°-

Nne {][m\ Imcyß߃

kw⁄mbmw bZ-Km- N ˛ kw⁄m≤ym-b-Ønepw ( A≤ymbw 1 )

ImcI-hn-[n-t«m-tIjp b÷¬∏nXw ˛ ImcIhn[nA≤ymbØnepw ( A≤ymbw 2 )

I¿Ωm-Po-h--\n-cq-]nXw ˛ I¿Ω-Po-h-{]-I-c-W-Ønepw, ( A≤ymbw 5 )

bXv tcmK-Nn-¥m-hn[u ˛ tcmK-Nn-¥m-hn-[n-bnepw, (A≤ymbw 14)

^e-anZw ˛ ]d-™n-´p-≈- ^e-ßfpw,

bZy-ky -Cu£-W -tbm-K -kw-`-h-^ew ˛ {Kl-ß-fpsS ZrjvSn, tbmKw Ch-bpsS

^ew, (A≤ymbw 18)

`mth-ssi- `m-h-ssK- `mthitbmtKm-¤hw ˛ mhm-[n-]cpsS hnhn[`mhßfnse ÿnXn,

tbmKw ChbpsS ^ew (A≤ymbw 15, 16)

^ew hmNyw Zim-bm-an-l ˛ XpSßnbhsb√mwXs∂]cnKWn®n´pthWw

Zim^ew ]dbm≥.

(22)

h¿t§m-Ø-amw-i-ÿ-Zim ip`-{]Zm

anss{ih km NmkvX-antX N \oNtK

arXyp¿hy-bm-co-i-Z-im-]-lm-c-tbm˛

kvX{X ÿnX-kym-]y-ip`w ^ew `th-Xv.

h¿t§m-Ø-amw-i-ÿ- Zim ip`-{]Zm ˛ h¿t§m-a-ÿn-Xn-bp≈ {Kl-Øns‚ Zi

ip`-{]-Z-am-Ipw.

anss{ih km N AkvX-antX N \oNtK B {KlØn\p auVytam \oN-tam h∂m¬

an{i-^ew,

arXypx hy-b A-co-i - ˛ 8˛12-˛6 `mhm-[n-]-cpsSbpw

X{X ÿnX-ky A-]n ˛ B `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-ß-fpsSbpw

Z-im-]-lm-c-tbmx ˛ Zim]lmc߃

A-ip`w ^ew `th-Xv ˛ Aip`^e-{]-Z-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw.

(23)

{Iqc-{K-l-sskyh Zim-]-lmtc

{Xn]-©-k-]vX¿£-]-tX¿hn-]mtI

XssYh P∑m-jvSa\m-Y-`p‡u

tNmcm-cn-]oUmw e`-tX f Xn-Zpx-Jw.

{Iqc-{K-l-sskyh Zim-]-lmtc ˛- {Iqc-{K-l-ß-fpsS Zim-]-lm-c-ß-fnepw,

{Xn ]-©- k-]vX¿£]-tXx hn-]mtI ˛ 3˛5-˛7 \£-{Xm-[n-]-cpsS ZimIme-ß-fnepw,

XssYh ˛ AXp-t]mse,

P∑m-jvSa\m-Y-`p‡u ˛ F´mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ A]-lm-c-Im-eØpw,

tNmc A-cn -]oUmw ˛ I≈-∑m¿, i{Xp-°ƒ Ch-cpsS D]-{Z-hhpw,

 319

A-Xn-Zpx-Jw ˛ -ZpJhpw D- mIpw.

(24)

it\-›-Xp¿∞o N KptcmkvXp jjvTo

Zim IpPmtlym¿bZn ]©ao km

IjvSm `th-{Zm-iy-h-km-\-`m-K˛

ÿnXky Zpxÿm-\-]-tX-kvX-ssY-h.

it\-x N-Xp¿∞o ˛ i\nbpsS Zi \mem-a-Xmtbm

KptcmkvXp jjvTo ˛ hymg-Øns‚ Zi Bdm-a-Xmtbm

Zim IpPmtlymx bZn ]©ao ˛ IpPs‚bpw cmlphnt‚bpw Zi

A©maXmtbm h∂mepw

km IjvSm ˛ B Zi IjvS^e-{]Z-am-Ipw.

cm-iy-h-km-\-`m-KÿnXky ˛ cmin-bpsS Ah-km-\-`mKbn¬ \n¬°p∂

{KlØns‚ Zibpw

Zpxÿm-\-]-tX-x ˛ Zpÿm\]XnbpsS Zibpw

X-ssY-h ˛ A{]-Imcw Xs∂ (tZm-j-I-c-am-Wv.)

,

(25)

Du¿≤zm-ky-Xpw-K-`-h-\-ÿn-X-`q-an-Pky

I¿Ωm-b-Kky ln Zim hnZ-[mXn cmPyw

PnXzm cn]q≥ hn]p-e-hm-l-\-ssk-\y-bp‡mw

cmPy-{inbw hnX-\p-tX- f [n-I-a-∂-Zm\w.

Du¿≤zm-ky- - ˛ Du¿≤z-ap-J-cm-inbn-tem,

Xpw-K-`-h-\- ˛ D®-cm-in-bntem,

I¿Ωm Bb-Kky ˛ ]Øv ]Xn-s\m-∂v `mh-ßfntem \n¬°p∂,

`q-an-Pky Zim ˛ IpPs‚ Zi-bn¬,

PnXzm cn]q≥ ˛ i{Xp-°sf Pbn®v,

hn]p-e- hm-l-\ -ssk-\y- bp‡mw ˛ hfsc hml-\-ßfpw ssk-\y-ßfpap≈,

cmPyw hnZ-[mXn ˛ cmPyw t\Sp-∂p.,

cmPy-{inbw ˛ cmPy{io D- mIp∂p.

hnX-\p-tX- A[n-I-a-∂-Zm\w ˛ [cm-f-ambn A∂-Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p.

(26)

tkzm®-ÿntXm `rKp-kptXm hyb-I¿ΩtKm hm

emt` f ]n hmfkvX-c-lntXm \ N ]m]-bp‡x

Xkym-_vZ-]m-I-hn-jtb _lp-c-Xv\-]q¿tÆm

[oam≥ hnim-e-hn-`thm PbXn {]i-kvXx.

`rKp-kptXm tkzm®-ÿntXm ˛ ip{I≥ D®-Øntem

B ÿnXn hyb- I¿ΩtKm hm emt` A]n ˛ ]{¥-- ntem, ]Øntem, ]Xn-s\m-∂ntem,

AkvX-c-lntXm ˛ auVy-tam,

 320

\ N ]m]-bp‡ ˛ ]m]-tbm-Ktam C--√msX \n∂m¬,

Xky A_vZ-]m-I-hn-jtb ˛ B ip{Is‚ Zim-]-lm-c-ßfn¬,

_lp-c-Xv\-]q¿tÆm ˛ hfsc cXv\-ßfp≈h\pw

[oam≥ ˛ _p≤n-am\pw,

hnim-e-hn-`thm ˛ hn`-h-kº-∂-\pw,

{]i-kvX --˛ {]i-kvX-\pw BIpw.

(27)

\oNm-cn-j-jvT-hy-b-kw-{inXm ln

ip`mx {]b-—-¥yip-`m\n k¿th

ipt`-X-cm-tlyjp KXm {]b›

¥ytam-L-Zpx-Jm\n Zimkp tXjmw.

\oN Acn- j-jvT- hy-b- kw-{inXm ln ˛ \oNw, i{Xp-t£{Xw, 6˛12 `mh-߃ Ch-

bn¬ \n¬°p∂

ip`m {]b-—-¥n Aip-`m\n k¿th ˛ ip`∑m¿ Aip-`-^-e-߃ \¬Ip-∂p.

ipt`-X-cm-tlyjp KXm {]b›¥n ˛ ]m]-∑m¿°mWv CØcw ZpÿnXn-bp-≈-sX-

¶n¬

Atam-L- Zpx-Jm\n Zimkp tXjmw. ˛ Ah-bpsS Zi-bn¬ AXy¥w ZpJsØ

sNøp∂p.

(28)

Zti-i-i-t{Xm-c-cn-tK-l-`mtPm

et·-i-i-t{Xm-c]n hmfY `p‡u

it{Xm¿`bw ÿm\-`(e)bx XZmky

kv\nKvt≤m f ]ni{Xp-Xz-ap-ss]Xn \q\w.

Zti-i- i-t{Xm-x ˛ Zim-\m-Ys‚ i{Xp-hn-s‚bpw,

Acn-tK-l-`mtPm ˛ Bdmw-`m-h-Øn¬\n¬°p∂{Kl-Øn-s‚bpw,

et·-i- i-t{Xm-x ˛ e·m-[n-]s‚ i{Xp-hn-s‚bpw,

`p‡u ˛ A]-lm-c-Øn¬,

it{Xmx `bw ˛ i{Xp-`bw,

ÿm\ -(`bw) Ne\w ˛ ÿm\-N-e\w,

kv\nKvt[m]n i{Xp-Xz-w Dss]Xn ˛ _‘p-°ƒIqSn i{Xp-°-fmIpI F∂nh

^ew.

(29)

b¤m-hKx ]mI-]-Xn¿±-ti-im˛

ؤm-h-Pm-Xm\n ^em\n IpcymXv

hn]-£cnx^mjvSa-`m-h-K-t›Xv

ZpxJw hnZ-[rm-Zn-X-c{X kuJyw.

b¤m-hKx ]mI-]-Xn¿±-ti-im ˛ Zim-\m-Y\n¬\n∂pw F{Xm-asØ `mh-

Ønem tWm A]-lmc\m-Y≥ \n¬°p-∂pXv-,

X¤m-h-Pm-Xm\n ^em\n IpcymXv ˛ B `mh-Øn\v A\p-kr-X-am-b -^-e-ß-fmWv

B {Klw (A]-lm-c-\m-Y≥) \¬IpI.

 321

hn]-£ cnx^ AjvS-a -`m-h-K-t›Xv ZpxJw Zim-\m-Y\n¬\n∂pw 6˛8-˛12 `mh-ß-fn¬

\n¬°p∂ A]-lm-c-\m-Y≥ ZpJhpw

hnZ-[r-Zn-c{X kuJyw ˛ AX-√mØ `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂ A]-lm-c-

\m-Y≥ kpJhpw Xcpw.

(30)

tkzm®-{Xn-tIm-W-kz-ln-Xm-cn-\otN

]q¿Æw {Xn]m-Zm¿≤-]-Zm¬∏ iq\yw

{Iam—p`w tNZ-ip`w hntem-am¬

aqtV {Ktl \oN-^ew kaw(1) kymXv.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: \oNkaw ^ew

tkzm®- {Xn-tIm-W- kz-ln-X A-cn-\otN ˛ D®w, aqe{XntIm-Ww, kzt£{Xw, _‘p

t£{Xw, i{Xpt£{Xw, \oNw Ch-bn¬

\n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃,

]q¿Æw {Xn]m-Z A¿≤ -]-Z A¬∏ iq\yw ]q¿Æw,ap°m¬,Ac, Imev, A¬∏w, iq\yw

{Iam¬ ip`w tNXv ˛ F∂n-ß-s\ {Ia-Øn¬ ip`^ehpw

A-ip`w hntem-am¬ ˛ hntem-a-ambn Aip-`-^ehpw \¬Ipw.

aqtV {Ktl \oN-^ew kaw kymXv ˛ auVyap≈ {KlØns‚ ^ew \oN-ap≈

{Kl-Øns‚ ^eØn\p kaamWv. (iq\yw)..

(31)

aμ-am-μy-ln-J-tc-i-c-{‘]m

kvX∂-hmw-i-]-X-tbm f -]n tb {Klmx

tXjp Zp¿∫-e-Zim arXn-{]Zmx

IjvSt` NcXn kqcy-\-μ-t\.

aμ -am-μn A-ln- J-tc-i -c-{‘]m ˛ i\n,Kpfn-I≥, cmlp, 22-˛mw -{Zm°m-W-[n-]≥,

AjvS-am-[n-]≥ Chcpw

X∂-hmw-i-]-X-tbm A]n tb {Klmx ˛ Ch-cpsS\hmw-im-[n-]-∑m-cpw Bb {Kl-ß-fn¬,

tXjp Zp¿∫-e-Zim ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb {Kl-Øns‚ Zi-bn¬,

IjvSt` NcXn kqcy-\-μ-t\ ˛ i\n (Nm-c-h-im¬) Zpÿm-\Øp hcp-tºmƒ,

arXn-{]Zm ˛ ac-W-Im-c-W-am-Ipw.

(32)

arXo-i-\m-Y-ÿn-X-`mw-i-tI-itbmx

Jc-{Xn-`m-tK-iz-c-tbm¿Δ_eo-bkx

Zim-Kta arXyp-]-bp-‡-`mw-i-I˛

{XntIm-WtK tZh-Kpcu X\p-£bx

arXo-i- \m-Y -ÿn-X -`mw-i-tI-itbmx - ˛ AjvS-am-[n-]≥, B {Klw \n¬°p∂ cmin-

bpsS A[n-]≥, Awi-In® cmin-\m-Y≥,*

Jc-{Xn-`m-tK-iz-c-tbmx ˛ 22-˛mwt{Z°m-Wm-[n-]≥,

_eo-bkx Zim-Kta ˛ Ch-cn¬ _e-hm\mb {Kl-Øns‚ Zi-bn¬,

arXyp-]-bp-‡-`mw-i-I {XntIm-WtK tZh-Kpcp

 322

˛ hymgw AjvS-a-Øntem AXns‚ {XntIm-W- Øntem Nmc-h-im¬ hcp∂ ka-bØv,

X\p-£bx ˛ tZl\miw (acWw) kw`-hn-°pw.

* ar-Xo-i≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS \mY≥ \n¬°p∂ \hmw-i-Øns‚ \mY≥

F∂pw ImWp∂p.

(33)

NXpjvS-bÿm Kpcp-P-∑-e-·]m

`h¥n at[y hb-kx kp-J-{]Zmx

{ItaW ]rjvtSm-`b akvX-tIm-Zb

ÿntXm- f ¥yya-≤y-{]-Y-tajp ]mI-Zx.

NXpjvS-bÿm Kpcp-P-∑-e-·]m -˛ hymgw, P∑-cm-iym-[n-]≥, e·m-[n-]≥ Ch¿

NXpjvS-bÿm ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

`h¥n at[y hb-kx kp-J-{]Zmx ˛ a≤y-h-b- n¬ kpJ-{]-Z-am-Ipw.

]rjvtSm-Zb D`-tbm-Zb akvX-tIm-Zb ÿnX - ˛ ]rjvtSm-Z-bw, D`-tbm-Z-bw, io¿tjm-Zbw

F∂n-h-I-fn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃,

{ItaW A¥y a-≤y -{]-Y-tajp ]mI-Zx ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ Ah-km-\w, a≤yw, BZy`mK-ß-

fn¬ ew \¬Ipw.

(34)

bZv`m-htKm tKmN-ctXm hne-·mXv

Zti-izcx tkzm®-kp-lr-ZvKr-lÿx

XZv`mh-]pjvSnw IpcptX XZm\nw

_em-\zn-Xt›÷\-t\ f]n Xky.

_em-\zn-X P\-t\]n ... Zti-izcx ˛ PmXIm¬ _e-hm-\mb Zim-\m-Y≥,

b¤m-htKm tKmN-ctXm ˛ Nmc-h-im¬

tkzm®- kp-lr-ZvKr-lÿ ˛ kzt£-{Xw, D®w, an{X-t£{Xw XpSßnb

_eap≈ ÿm\ßfn¬ hcptºmƒ,

X¤m-h-]pjvSnw IpcptX XZm\nw ˛ B `mhßfpsS ]pjvSnsb°qSn - sNøp-∂p..

(\√ ^ew \¬Ip-∂p.)

(cN\bnep≈ {]XyIXsIm- mImw Cu t«mIØn\p ]e hymJym\ßfp-- v.)

(35)

_tem-\ntXm P∑\n ]mI-\mtYm

auVyw kz\oNw cn]p-a-μncw hm

{]m]vX› b¤m-h-ap-ss]Xn NmcmXv

X¤m-h-\miw IpcptX XZm-\nw.

auVyw kz\oNw cn]p-a-μncw hm {]m]vX› ˛ auVyw, \oNw, i{Xp-t£{Xw Ch-bnse

ÿnXnsIm- v

_tem-\tXm P∑\n ]mI-\mtYm ˛ PmXIm¬ _e-lo-\-\mb Zim-\m-Y≥

b¤m-h-ap-ss]Xn Nmcm¬ ˛ Nmc-h-im¬ GXp `mhØn¬ hcp-∂pthm,

 323

X¤m-h-\miw IpcptX XZm-\nw ˛ At∏mƒ B `mh-Øn\p \misØ sNøp-

∂p.

(36)

Zti-iky XpwtK kplr-t¤ -Z-ti-i˛

{XnjvS-I-¿Ω-em-`-{Xn-tIm-Wm-kvX-t`jp

bZm Nmc-KXym kam-bmXn N{μx

ip`w kwhn-[-tØ- f \yYm tNZ-cnjvSw.

Zti-iky XpwtK kplr-t¤ ˛ Zim-\m-Ys‚ D®-cmin, an{X-t£-{Xw,

{Xn jvS -I-¿-Ω -em-` -{Xn-tIm-W A-kvX-t`jp ˛ Zti-is‚ 3˛6-˛10-˛11, {XntImWw (5, 9 ), 7

Ch-bn¬

bZm Nmc-KXym kam-bmXn N{μx ˛ N{μ≥ Nmch-im¬ hcp-tºmƒ,

ip`w kwhn-[-tØ ˛ ip`-^ew \¬Ip-∂p.

A-\yYm tNXv Acn-jvSw ˛ As√-¶n¬ tZmj-^-ew.

(37)

]mI-{]-`p¿tKm-N-cXx kz\oNw

auVyw bZm bmXn hn]-£`w hm

IjvSw hnZ-[ymXv kzKrlw kzXpwKw

h{Iw KtX kuJy-^ew XZm-\ow.

]mI-{]-`px tKm-N-cXx ˛ Zim\m-Y≥ Nm-c-h-im¬,

kz\oNw auVyw hn]-£`w bmXn XZm ˛ \oNw, auVyw, i{Xp-t£{Xw

Ch-bn¬ Ft∏mƒ hcp-∂pthm At∏mƒ,

IjvSw hnZ-[ymXv ˛ IjvS-^ew D- mIp∂p.,

kzKrlw kzXpwKw h{Iw KtX ˛ kzt£-{Xw, D®w, h{Iw Ch-bn¬ hcp-

tºmƒ,

kuJy-^ew XZm-\ow. ˛ kpJ-^-ehpw Xcp-∂p.

(38)

]mtI-iky ip`-{]-Zky `h\w

XpwKw {]]t∂ bZm

kqtcy X¬^-e-kn-≤n-taXn Kpcp-Wm f ˛ t]yhw ^ew Nn¥-tbXv

\oNw IjvS- -eky Xky N Zim-˛

\m-Yky sshcnKrlw

{]m]vtX `mkzXn tKmN-tcW e`tX

Xsskyh IjvSw ^ew.

]mtI-iky ip`-{]-Zky `h\w XpwKw ˛ ip`{]Z\mb Zim\mYs‚ D®-cm-in-bn¬

{]]t∂ bZm kqcy ˛ Ft∏mƒ kqcy≥ hcp-∂pthm A-t∏mƒ,

X¬^-e-kn-≤n-taXn ˛ B ip`-^ew A\p-`-h-Øn¬ hcpw.,

Kpcp-Wm A]n Ghw ^ew Nn¥-tbXv ˛ hymg-hpw C{]-Imcw ip`-^ew Xcpw.,

 324

IjvS-^-eky Xky N Zim-\m-Yky ˛ IjvS-^ew Xcp∂ Zim-\m-Ys‚

\oNw sshcn-Krlw ˛ \oN-cm-in-bnepw i{Xp-t£-{X-Ønepw,

{]m]vtX `mkzXn tKmN-tcW ˛ kqcy≥ Nmc-h-im¬ hcp-tºmƒ,

e`tX Xsskyh IjvSw ^ew ˛ IjvS-^-ehpw A\p-`-h-am-Ip-∂p

(39)

tb\ {KtlW klntXm `pP-Km-[n-\mY˛

kvXXvtJ-S-Pm-X-Kp-W-tZm-j-^-em\n IpcymXv

k¿]m-\zn-Xx k Xp JK-»p-`-tZm]n IjvSw

ZpxJw Zim-¥y-k-atb IpcptX hnti-jmXv.

tb\ {KtlW klntXm `pP-Km-[n-\mY ˛ cmlp GXp {Kl-Øns‚ IqsS-bmtWm

\n¬°p-∂Xv,

X¬tJ-S-Pm-X-Kp-W-tZm-j-^-em\n IpcymXv B {Kl-Øn\p ka-am-b Kp-W-tZm-j-^-e

- ߃ \¬Ipw.

k¿∏m-\zn-X JK- ip-`-tZm]n ˛ cmlp-hn-s‚-IqsS \n¬°p∂ {Klw

ip`-^-e-Z-\m-sW-¶n¬°qSn

Zim-¥y-k-atb ˛ Zi-bpsS A¥y-`m-KØp

hnti-jm¬ ˛ hntij^eambn

IjvSw, ZpxJw IpcptX ˛ IjvShpw ZpJhpw Xcp-∂-XmWv.

(40)

Zzmh¿∞-Im-am-hnl amc-ImJyu

kvXZo-iz-c-kvX-{X-KtXm _emVyx

l¥n kz]mtI \n[-t\iztcm hm

hytb-iztcm hm]y-Xn-Zp¿∫-e-t›Xv

Zzmh¿∞-Im-am-hnl ˛ A¿∞w (2) Imaw (7) F∂o c- p `mh-ßfpw,

amc-ImJyu ˛ amcIßsf∂v Adnb-s∏-Sp-∂p

XZo-iz-c - .. _emVyx ˛ Ah-bpsS _eim-en-Ifmb A[n-]-∑mcpw

X-{X-KtXm ˛ Ah-bn¬\n¬°p-∂ (_e--ap≈) {Klßfpw

l¥n kz]mtI ˛ Xß-fpsS Zibn¬ h[n°p∂p.

\n[-t\iztcm hm hytb-iztcm hm A]n ˛ F´mw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xnbpw ]{¥- mw `mhm-[n-

]-Xnbpw

A-Xn-Zp¿∫-e-t›Xv ˛ hfsc Zp¿∫-e-cm-bn-cp-∂mepw

(Aßns\ kw`hn°pw.)

(41)

tIt{μ-iky ktXm -f ktXm f ip`-ip`u Ipcy-±-im- tIm-W]mx

k¿tΔ tim`-\Z kv{Xossh-cn-`-h]m bZy]y\¿∞-{]Zmx--

ct{‘-tim -f ]n -hn-e-·t]m bZn ip`w Ipcym-{Z-hn¿hm iio

btZyhw ip`Zx ]cm-i-c-aXw XØ-±-imbmw ^ew.

tIt{μ-iky ktXm- AktXm ip`-ip`u ˛ tI{μm[n]Xyap≈ Aip`≥ ip`^ehpw

ip`≥ Aip`^ehpw Xcpw.

 325

Zim-tIm-W]mx k¿tΔ tim`-\Z ˛ {XntImWm[n]cmb {Kl߃ (Ah¿

ip`cmbmepw ]m]cmbmepw) ip`^ew

sNøpw.

{Xo ssh-cn- `-h]m A\¿∞-{]Zm ˛ 3, 6, 11 `mhm-[n-]¿ (ip`-cm-bmepw) Ah-cpsS

Zi-bn¬ A\¿∞-߃ sNøpw.

ct{‘-tim A-]n- hn-e-·t]m bZn ip`w... ˛ AjvS-am-[n-]\p e·m-[n-]Xyw IqSn

Ds- ¶n¬ ip`-^-ew \¬Ipw.

c-hnx hm iio bZn Ghw ˛ kqcyt\mN{μt\m C{]-Im-c-am-sW-¶n¬°qSn

(A-jvS-am-[n-]-Xy-ap-s- -¶nepw)

ip`Zx ]cm-i-c-aXw XØ-±-imbmw ^ew ˛ Ah-cpsS Zi-bn¬ ip`-^ew Xcp-sa∂v

]cm-i-c-a-Xw.

(kqcy-N-{μ∑m¿°v AjvS-am-[n-]Xy tZmj-an-√.)

(42)

tImWm-[oix tI{μKx tI{μt]m hm

tImW-ÿ› Zzu N tbmK-{]Zu Xu

Zzmh-t]yXu `p‡n-Imte Zimbm˛

at\ym\yw Xu tbmKZu tkm]-Im-cu

tImWm-[oix ˛ {XntIm-Wm-[n-]¿ (1,5,9 `mhm-[n-]¿),

tI{μt]m ˛ tI{μm-[n-]-Xn-Iƒ (1-˛4-˛7-˛10 `mhm-[n-]¿)

tI{μKx ˛ tI{μ-ßfn¬ \n¬°p-∂-h¿,

tImW-ÿ› ˛ {XntIm-W-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p-∂-h¿,

Zzu N tbmK-{]Zu Xu ˛ CXn¬ c- p-t]¿ (tI{μw + {XntImWw)

tN¿∂m¬ tbmK-{]-Z-cm-Ipw

Zzu A-]n GXu `p‡n-Imte Zimbmw ˛ c - p-t]cpw AhcpsS Zim]lmcIme

ßfn¬

At\ym\yw Xu tbmKZu tkm]-Im-cu ˛ ]-c-kv]cw tbmK{]Zcmb D]-Im-cn-IfmIpw.

43 apX¬ 54 hscbp≈ t«mI߃ ]cmictlmcbn¬\n∂pap≈hbmWv

. PmXIN{μnI, eLp]cmicn, DUpZmb{]Zo]w F∂o eLp{KŸßfn¬ Cu

t«mI߃ kamlcn®n´pap- v.

(43)

\ Znti-bp¿{K-lm-x k¿th kzZ-imkp kz`p-‡njp

ip`m-ip-`-^ew \rWm--amfl-`m-hm-\p-cq-]Xx.

{K-lm-x k¿th ˛ F√m {Klßfpw

kzZ-imkp kz`p-‡njp ˛ kz¥w Zi-Ifn¬ kz¥w A]-lm-c-Im-e-Øv

ip`m-ip-`-^ew \rWm--amfl-`m-hm-\p-cq-]Xx. Xß-fpsS kz`mha\pkcn®p≈

ip`m-ip-`^esØ

\ Znti-bp ˛ sNøp-∂n-√.

 326

v (]q¿ΔZim\pcq]amb ^ew XpScpsa∂p Xm¬∏cyw F∂p IrjvW\mim≥)

(44)

Bfl-kw-_-‘nt\m tb N tb tb \nP- k-[¿ΩnWx

tXjm-a-¥¿Zim-tkzh Zni¥n kzZ-im-^-ew.

Bfl-kw-_-‘nt\m ˛ (Zim-\m-Y-∑m¿) Bfl-kw-_-‘n-Ifpw

\nP- k-[¿ΩnWx ˛ -k-[¿Ωn-Ifpw Bb {Kl-ß-fpsS

tXjm-a-¥¿Zim-tkzh ˛ A]lmcImeßfnemWv

Zni¥n kzZ-im-^-ew. ˛ kzZ-im-^-e-ßsf \¬IpI.

Bfl-kw-_‘nIƒ : tbmKw, ZrjvSn apXembhhgn X\n°p _‘ap≈-h¿. (15/30)

k[¿Ωn-Iƒ : ip`¿°p ip`cpw ]m]¿°p ]m]cpw

(45)

tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-W-t\-Xmcu tZmj-bp-.‡m-h]n kzbw

kw_-‘-am-{XmZv _en\u `thXmw tbmK-Im-c-Iu.

tI{μ -{Xn-tIm-W -t\-Xmcu ˛ tI{μw (1-˛4-˛7-˛10), {XntImWw (5-˛9)

Ch-bpsS A[n-]-Xn-Iƒ

tZmj-bp-‡m-h]n kzbw ˛ Ah kzbw tZmj-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂mepw

kw_-‘-am-{XmXv _en\u ˛ ]ckv]c_-‘w-sIm- p _eap≈hcmbn

`th Xmw tbmK-Im-c-Iu ˛ tbmK-Im-c-IcmIpw.

{KltZmjw tbmK-Im-c-I-Xz-Øn\p XS- -amhn√ F∂¿∞w. c- p `mh-ß-fpsS

B[n-]Xyw hcp∂ {Kl߃°v Hcp `mhw -ip`IcamsW-¶nepw a‰Xp tZmj-ap≈Xm

sW∂p hcm-a-t√m. DZm: Nnßw e·Øn\v hymgw. (5, 8)

(46)

{XntIm-Wm-[n-]-tbm¿at≤y kw_t‘m tb\ tI\ NnXv

tI{μ-\m-Yky _ent\m `th-ZyZn ktbmK-Ir-Xv.

{XntIm-Wm-[n-]-tbm at≤y ˛ Hcp {XntIm-Wm-[n-]-Xn-°v

tI{μ-\m-Yky _ent\m ˛ _eap≈ Hcp tI{μm[n]Xnbpambn

kw_t‘m tb\ tI\ NnXv ˛ _‘w h∂m¬

`th-ZyZn ktbmK-Ir-Xv. ˛ tbmKImcI\mIpw.

(47)

tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-Wm-[n-]-tbm-ssctIy Xu tbmK-Im-cIu

A\y-{Xn-tIm-W-]-Xn\m kw_t‘m bZn Inw ]p\x.

tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-Wm-[n-]-tbm-ssctIy ˛ tI{μm-[n-]\pw {XntIm-Wm-[n-]\pw

Htc {KlamsW¶n¬Øs∂

Xu tbmK-Im-cIu ˛ tbmK-Im-c-I-\m-Ipw.

A\y-{Xn-tIm-W-]-Xn\m ˛ B \nebv°v as‰mcp

 327

{XntIm-Wm-[n-]\pambn

kw_t‘m bZn Inw ]p\x. ˛ _‘w h∂m¬ D≈ ^ew {]tXyIw

]d-tb- Xn√t√m.

Cu t«mIØnse Xu Bib°pg∏w D- m°p∂p- v. DUpZmb{]Zo]Øn¬

AXp XncpØnbXmbn ImWp∂p:

tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-Wm-[n-]-tbm- GItXz tbmK-Im-cnXm

A\y-{Xn-tIm-W-]-Xn\m kw_t‘m bZn Inw ]cw.

(48)

tbmK-Im-c-I-kw-_-‘mXv ]m]n-t\m f ]n {Klmx kzXx

XØ-Zv`p-‡y-\p-km-tcW Zntbibp¿bu-KnIw ^ew.

]m]n-\ A]n {Klmx kzXx ˛ kzXth ]m]∑mcmb {Klßfpw

tbmK-Im-c-I-kw-_-‘mXv ˛ tbmK-Im-c-I-_‘wsIm- v

XØ-¤p-‡y-\p-km-tcW ˛ Ah--c-h-cpsS A]-lm-c-Im-e-ß-fn¬

Zntbibp¿bu-KnIw ^ew. ˛ tbmK-^ew \¬Ipw.

tbmKImcI_‘ap≈ ]m]∑mcpw XßfpsS ZiIfn¬ hcp∂

tbmKImcI`p‡nIfn¬ tbmK^esØ {]Zm\w sNøpsa∂p Xm¬∏cyw ˛

IrjvW\im≥, PmXIN{μnI

(49)

kzZ-imbmw {XntIm-tWtim `p‡u tI{μ-]tXx ip`w

Znti-Xv tkm]n XYmt\m tNXv A-kw_-t‘\ ]m]-Ir-Xv.

kzZ-imbmw tI{μ-]tXx ˛ tI{μm[n]¿ kzZiIfn¬

{XntIm-tWtim `p‡u ˛ {XntIm-Wm-[n-]-cpsS A]lmcßfn¬

ip`w ZntiXv ˛ ip`w sNøpw.

k A]n XYm ˛ (AXpt]mseØs∂) {XntIm-Wm-[n-]-cpsS

Zi-I-fn¬ tI{μm[n]cpsS A]-lm-c-ßfnepw

t\m tNXv A-kw_-t‘\ ]m]-Ir-Xv. ˛ kw_‘wsIm- p ]m]cmIp∂ns√¶n¬

KpWw sNøpw

{XntImWm[n]XnbpsS almZi \S°ptºmƒ ]m]_‘an√mØ tI{μm [n]Xn

bpsS A]lmcw ip`ambncn°pw....AXpt]mse tI{μm[n]cmb ]m]∑mcpsS Zi

\S°ptºmƒ (ip`∑m¿°nXv _m[Ia√) ]m]_‘an√mØ {XntImWm[n]XnbpsS

A]lmchpw ip`ambncn°pw. ˛˛apØpkzman

(50)

tI{μm-[n-]-Xy-tZm-jkvXp _e-hm≥ Kpcp-ip-{Itbmx

amc-I-tXz f ]n N Xtbm¿am-c-I-ÿm-\-kw-ÿn-Xnx.

(51)

_p[-kvX-Z\p Nt{μm f ]n `th-Ø-Z\p XZzn[x

]m]m-t›Xv tI{μ-]-Xbx ip`-Zm-t›m-Ø-tcm-Ø-cw.

 328

tI{μm-[n-]-Xy-tZm-jkvXp ˛ tI{μm-[n-]-Xyw-aqew ip`-∑m¿°p hcp∂

tI{μm[n]Xy-tZmjw

_e-hm≥ Kpcp-ip-{Itbmx ˛ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ hymg-Øn-\pw ]ns∂

ip{I-\pamWv.

Xtbm¿am-c-I-ÿm-\-kw-ÿn-Xnx. ˛ amc-I-ÿm-\-ÿnXnbn¬ (2,7)

amc-I-tXz f ]n N Ch¿ i‡-cmb amc-I-cp-am-Ipw.

_p[-kvX-Z\p Nt{μm f ]n `th-Ø-Z\p XZzn[x˛ (tI{μm-[n-]-Xy-tZmjw ip{I-t\-°ƒ)

_p[\pw _p[-t\-°mƒ N{μ\pw

Ipd-hm-Ip-∂p.

]m]m-t›Xv tI{μ-]-Xbx ˛ ]m]-∑m¿°v tI{μm-[n-]Xyw h∂m¬ Ah

t›m-Ø-tcm-Ø-cw. ˛ ]m]Xz{Iaw A\p-k-cn®v H∂v a‰-Xn-t\-°mƒ

ip`-^ew sNøpw.

kqcy≥, IpP≥, i\n F∂o ]m]∑m¿°p tI{μm[n]Xyw h∂m¬ G‰hpw IqSp

X¬ ]m]i‡nbp≈ i\nbmWv G‰hpw ip`w sNøpI. i\ntb°mƒ Ipdhv IpP\pw

IpPt\°mƒ Ipdhv kqcy\pw KpWw sNøpw.

(52)

bZn- tI-t{μ -{Xn-tImtW hm \nh-tkXmw Xtam-{Klu

\mtY-\m-\y-X-c-sskyh kw_‘mtZymK-Im-c-Iu.

Xtam-{Klu ˛ cm-lp-tI-Xp-°ƒ

bZn- tI-t{μ -{Xn-tImtW hm \nh-tkXmw ˛ tI{μ-Øntem {XntIm-WØntem \n¬°pIbpw

\mtY-\m-\y-X-c-sskyh kw_‘mXv ˛ Ahbn¬ H∂ns‚ (tI{μw / {XntImWw)

\mY\pambn _‘w hcpIbpw sNbvXm¬

tbmK-Im-c-Iu. ˛ tbmKImcIcmIpw.

(53)

Xtam-{Klu ip`m-cqVu Akw_‘u N tI\NnXv

A¥¿≤im\p-cq-t]W `thXmwtbmK-Im-c-Iu.

Xtam-{Klu ip`m-cqVu -˛ cmlp-tI-Xp-°ƒip`{KlßfpsS cminIfn¬

\n¬°p-Ibpw

kw_‘u tb\ tI\NnXv ˛ Bcpambn_‘-an√mXncn°pIbpw

sNbvXm¬

A¥¿≤im\p-cq-t]W ˛ Ah-cpsS A]-lm-c-ImeØp tbmK-Im-c-I-

^ew \¬Ipw

DZmlcWambn _p[ip{I∑m¿ tbmKImcIcmbn´p≈ Hcp PmXIØn¬ cmlp

anYp\ Øn¬ A\y{Klßfpambn tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm C√msX ÿnXnsNbvXm¬

cmlp Zibn¬ hcp∂ _p[m]lmcØnepw ip{Im]lmcØnepw tbmK^ew A\p`

hn°pw.. ˛˛apØpkzman

 329

]mTt`Zw

Xtam-{Klu ip`m-cqVu kw_‘u tb\tI\NnXv

A¥¿±im\p-cq-t]W `thXmw tbmK-Im-c-Iu.

1. BtcmsS¶nepw kw_‘s∏SpIbpw sNbvXm¬ ˛ aebmfw hymJym\߃

2. BtcmSpw _‘s∏Sp∂ns√¶n¬ ˛ Cw•ojv hymJym\߃

(54)

Bcwt`m cmP-tbm-Kky `th∑mc-I-`p-‡njp (1)

{]Y-b¥n Xam-c_v[w {Iaix ]m]-`p-‡-bx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: `thXvImc-I-`p-‡njp

tbmKImcI{KlßfpsS Zibn¬

amc-I-`p-‡njp ˛ amc-I-{K-l-ß-fpsS (2,7) A]-lm-c-ßfnemWv

cmP-tbm-Kky Bcwt`m `thXv ˛ cmP-tbm-K-Øns‚ Bcw`w F¶n¬

Xam-c_v[w ˛ Aßns\ Bcw`n°s∏´ cmPtbmKw

{]Y-b¥n {Iaix ]m]-`p-‡-bx. ˛ ]m]cpsS A]lmcImeØpw tZmjsØ

]n¥≈n tbmK^ew {IaØn¬

A\p`hØn¬ hcpw..

cmPtbmKImcIZiIfn¬ `p‡n\mY∑mcpsS ]m]Xzw \nanØap≈ tZmjØn\p

{]k‡nbns√∂p Npcp°w. ˛˛IrjvW\mim≥

hymJym\t`Zw

1. Bcw`w {ItaW ]m]n-I-fpsS `p‡nbn¬ am{Xta ^en-°p-I-bp-≈p

2. I]q¿ amc-I-\p-]-Icw Imc-I≥ F∂mWp sImSpØn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

3. amcIm[n]Xyap≈ {Kl߃ cmPtbmKØn\p `wKw sNøpIbn√

F∂pam{Xa√, Ah¿ tbmK{]Z∑#mcmbn h¿Øn°psa∂p kmcw

(55)

c{‘ÿ ct{‘-£I c{‘-\mY

c{‘-{Xn`mKm-[n-]-am-μn-t`imx (1)

ZpJ-{]-Zm-kvtX-jz]n Zp¿_-tem -bx

k \mi-Imco kzZ-im-]-lm-tc.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: ZrKmWm[n]am-μn-t`imx

1. c{‘ÿ ˛ F´mw `mh-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw,

2. ct{‘-£I ˛ F´mw `mh-Øn¬ t\m°p∂ {Klw,

3. c{‘-\mY ˛ F´mw `mhm[n-]Xn,

4. c{‘-{Xn`mKm-[n-] ˛ 22˛mw t{Z°mWm[n]≥

5. am-μn-t`imx ˛ Kpfn-I≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS A[n-]≥

ZpJ-{]-Zm-x ˛ Ch¿ ZpxJ-{]-Z-cm-Ip-∂p.

tX-jp A]n Zp¿_-tem -bx ˛ Ch-cn¬ GsXmcp {Klw Zp¿∫-e-\m-bn-cn-

°p∂pthm

k ˛ B {Kl-w

 330

\mi-Imco kzZ-im-]-lm-tc. ˛ Xs‚ Zi-bntem A]-lm-c-Øntem

\miImcnbmIpw. (amcI\mIpw.)

(56)

{`jvSky XpwKm-Z-h-tcm-ln-kw⁄m

a≤ym `th’m kplr-Zp-®-`mwti

Btcm-lnWo \nav\-]-cn-Nyp-Xky

\oNm-cn-`mw-ti-jz-[-am -`-th-’m.

{`jvSky XpwKm-Xv A-h-tcm-ln-kw⁄m ˛ D®-Øn¬\n∂pw \oN-Øn-te-bv°n-d-ßp∂

{Kl- Øns‚ Zi Ah-tcm-lWn-Z-i.

a≤ym `th’m kplr-Zp-®-`mwti ˛ Aßs\ \oNØntebv°p t]mIp∂ {Klw

an{X-\-hmw-i-Øntem D®-\-hmwi-Øntem

\n∂m¬ D- m-Ip∂ Zi a≤y-Z-i-

Btcm-lnWo \nav\-]-cn-Nyp-Xky ˛ \oNw hn´v D®-Øn-tebv°p t]mIp∂ {Kl

- Øns‚ Zi Btcm-l-Wn-Z-i-

\oNm-cn-`mw-ti-jz-[-am -`-th-’m. ˛ Aßns\ t]mIp-tºmƒ i{Xp-\-hmw-i-Øn

- tem \oNmw-i-Øntem \n∂m¬ B

- {KlØns‚ Zi A[-a-Z-i.-

(57)

ikvXKrtl -f ikvXmwti

\otN cn]p-t` f -kvX-kw-ÿntX hm f ]n

Xky Zim an{i-^-em

(Zim)]cm¿t∞ ^e-{]Zm t⁄bm.

ikvXKrtl -AikvXmwti ˛ ip`-{K-l-߃ Aip-`mw-i-Ønepw

\otN cn]p-t` AkvX-kw-ÿntX hm A]n \oNw˛ \oNw, i{Xp-t£{Xw Ch-bnepw \n¬°p-

Itbm auVyw {]m]n-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬

Xky Zim an{i-^-em ˛ B {KlØns‚ Zi an{i-^-e-Øm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b

- Xm- bn-cn-°pw.

(Zim)]cm¿t∞ ^e-{]Zm t⁄bm. ˛ Zi-bpsS c- mw ]IpXn ip`^e-{]-Z-amIpw..

(58)

XØ-Zv`m-hm-Zvhy-bÿky XØ-Zv`m-h-hy-b-]ky N

hocy-lo-\ky tJSky ]mtI arXyp-a-hm-]v\p-bm-Xv.

XØ-Zv`m-hm-Zvhy-bÿky ˛ AXmXp `mh-ß-fpsS ]{¥- mw `mh-Øn¬

\n¬°p∂ {Kl-Ønepw

XØ-Zv`m-h-hy-b-]ky N ˛ ]{¥- mw `mhm-[n-]-Xn-bnepw

hocy-lo-\ky tJSky ˛ _ew Ipd™ {Klw GtXm AXns‚

]mtI ˛ Zibn¬

arXyp-a-hm-]v\p-bm-Xv. ˛ acWw kw`-hn-°pw.

 331

4. Zim]lmc^eßfn¬ Nmc-KXnbpsS kzm[o\w

(59)

Zim-]-Xn¿√-·-KtXm bZn kym˛

{Ønj-UvZ-ssi-Im-Z-i-K› e·mXv (1)

X’-]vX-h¿tK- f ]yY X’p-lrZzm

et· ipt`m hm ip`Zm Zim- kym-Xv.

]mTt`Zw: (1) NmcmXv ˛ 4

Zim-]-Xn e·-KtXm bZn kymXv ˛ Zim[n]≥ (Nmchim¬) e·Øntem

{Xn j-Uv Z-i- GIm-Z-i-K› ˛ e·Øns‚ 3, 6, 10, 11 `mh-ß-fntem

X’-]vX-h¿tK- f ]yY ˛ AXn‚ k]vXh¿§ßfntem hcpItbm

X’p-lrZzm et· ipt`m hm ˛ Zim\mYs‚ kplrtØm ip`t\m

e·Øn¬ hcpItbm sNbvXm¬

ip`Zm Zim- kym-Xv. ˛ B Zi -ip`-^-esØ sNøp-w.

(60)

bmh¥n h¿jmWn Zim N km kym˛

Ømh¥n h¿jmWn Zim-]-Xnx kx

b{X ÿnX-kvX-¤-h-\m-±z-tbm-kvXp

ÿnssXx {]I¬]yw kZ-kXv^ew ln.

t«mIw hy‡amImØXn\m¬ a‰p hymJym\ßsf B{ibn°p∂p.

1 F{X h¿j--ImetØbv°p Zi \n¬°p-∂pthm A{Xbpw h¿j-߃°p Zim-]Xn

N{μmepw e·mepw bmsXm-cn-S-Øn-cn-°p-∂pthm B cmin apX¬°p≈ ZzmZ-i-`m-h-ßsf-

s°m- p ip`m-ip-`-^eßsf ]d-b-Ww 2 Zim-]-lm-c-\m-Y-∑m¿ Nmc-h-im¬ ip`ÿm\-ßfn¬ hcp-tºmƒ ip`^ehpw

Aip`ÿm\ßfn¬ hcptºmƒ Aip`^ehpw Xcp-w 2

3 ZimImeØp Zim\mY≥ N{μ\n¬ \n∂p Nmchim¬ GtXXp `mhßfn¬

k©cn°p∂pthm B `h\Ønt‚bpw `mhØnt‚bpw ip`mip`Xza\pkcn®p≈

^esØ {]Zm\w sNøpw. 4

(61)

Zim-[n-\m-Yky kplr-Zv{K-l-ÿ˛

kvXZp-®tKm hm f Y Zim-[n-\m-YmXv

kvac-{Xn-tIm-tWm]Ntbm-]-K›

ZZmXn N{μx Jep kZv^-em-\n.

N{μx Zim-[n-\m-Yky -˛ N{μ≥ (Nmc-h-im¬) Zim-\m-Ys‚

kplr-Zv{K-l-ÿ ˛ an{X-t£{Xw,

kvXZp-®tKm D®w Ch-bn¬ hcp-tºmgpw

 332

Zim-[n-\m-YmXv ˛ Zim-\m-Y\n¬\n∂pw

kvac-{Xn-tIm-tWm]Ntbm-]-K› ˛ kvacw (7) {XntImWw (5, 9), D]Nbw

(3, 6, 10, 11) Cu `mh-ß-fn¬ hcp-tºmgpw

ZZmXn N{μx Jep kZv^-em-\n. ˛ \√ ^e-ßsf sImSp°pw.

(^ew ]dbptºmƒ N{μ≥ Hcp cmin-bn¬ F{X Znhkw ImWpw F∂Xpw Hm¿Ω

thWw.)

(62)

Dt‡jp cminjp KXky hnt[mx k cminx (1)

kym÷-∑-Im-e-`-h-aq¿Øn-[-\mZn `mhx

XØ-Zz-hr-≤n-Ir-Zku IYntXm \cmWmw

X¤m-h-lm\n IrZ-tY-X-c-cm-in-kw-ÿx. (1) ]mTt`Zw: P∑ - ˛

Dt‡jp cminjp KXky hnt[mx ˛ N{μ≥ ta¬]-d™ ÿm\-ß-fn¬

Nm-c-h-im¬ hcp-tºmƒ

k cminx kymXv P∑-Im-e-`-h- aq¿Øn -[-\mZn `mhx

˛ AXp e·w, [\w XpSßn GXp `mhamtWm-

XØ-Zz-hr-≤n-Ir-Zku IYntXm \cmWmw˛ B `mhØn\p hr≤nbpw

X¤m-h-lm\n IrZ-tY-X-c-cm-in-kw-ÿx. ˛ a‰p cminIfn¬ hcp-tºmƒ

AXn\p lm\ntbbpw sNøpw.

(63)

kmcm-h-eow DUp-Zimw N hcm-l-tlm-cmw

BtemIy PmX-I-^ew {]h-tZ-Xv\cmWmw

{]ivt\m-Z-b-{K-l-h-im-Z-Yhm kzP∑˛

cmiym-Zn\m hZXp \mkvXy-\-tbm¿hn-ti-jx.

kmcm-h-eow DUp-Zimw N hcm-l-tlm-cmw ˛ kmcm-h-en, \£-{X-Z-i, hcm-l-tlmc

BtemIy PmX-I-^ew {]h-tZ-Xv \cmWmw˛ Cht\m°n -thWw PmX-I-^ew ]d-bm≥.

{]ivt\m-Z-b-{K-l-h-im-ZYhm ˛ {]ivt\m-Z-b-{K-lw-sImt- m

kzP∑cmiym-Zn\m ˛ P∑cmin XpSßnbhsIm- m

hZXp ˛ ew ]d-bmw.

\mkvXy-\-tbm¿hn-ti-jx. ˛ AXv GXm-bmepw ^e-w Hcp-t]m-en-cn-°pw.

333 

A≤ymbw 21

A-]-lm-c- -ew

hnwtim-ØcnZim-k-{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ Hmtcm {Kl-Øns‚bpw `c-W-Im-esØ Zi

(h¿jw), A]-lm-cw (am-kw), On{Zw (Zn-h-kw), kq£vaw (aWn-°q¿), {]mW≥ (an\n‰v)

F∂n-ßs\ kq£va-am-°n-bn-´p-- v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v kqcy-Z-i 6 h¿jw FSp°mw. kqcy-

Zibnse kqcym-]-lm-c-Ønse kqcyOn{Z-Ønse kqcykq£vaØnse kqcy{]mW-߃

CXp-t]mse Xs∂ IW-°m-°-mw.. At∏mƒ Hcp kw`hw C∂ h¿jw, C∂ amkw, C∂

Znh-kw, C{X aWn°mWv kw`-hn-°pI F∂p IrXy-ambn ]d-bm\pw Ign-bpw.

(1)

]mtIim_vZ-ltX Zti-iz-c-kam t\{Xm-¥-`-‡m-x k-am˛

»njvSm cq]-lXm \cm-¶-hn-lrXm amkm (kam) \ssK¿hm-kcmx

On{Zm-Zn-jz]n ssNh-tah Ietb ]mI-{I-am-t®-±-im˛

\mYmZymx ]p\-c-¥-cm-¥-cm-Z-im-kvXXv ]mI-\m-Y-{I-amx.

1. A]lmcImew ImWp∂ coXn Zim-\m-Ys‚ h¿jsØ A]-lm-c-\m-Ys‚ h¿jw -sIm- p s]cp°nbm¬ In´p∂

Xns\ 120˛sIm- p lcn-®m¬ hcp∂ ^ew h¿jw. _m°nsb 12, 30, 60 Ch-sIm- p

s]cp°nbm¬ hcp∂ ^ew {Ia-Øn¬ amkw, Znh-kw,- \m-gnI Ch-bm-Ip-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-

Øn\v kqcy-Z-i-bn¬ kqcym-]-lm-cw.

BsI Zi 120 h¿jw.. kqcyZi 6 h¿jw, A]lmc\mYs‚ ]¶pw 6 h¿jwXs∂

(1) (2) (3)

6 $ 6 = 36 36 $ 12 = 3.6 amkw

120 120 120

.6-˛s\ Znhkam°Ww. 6 $ 30 = 180 = 18 Znhkw

10 10

AXpsIm- v kqcy-Z-i-bn¬ kqcym-]-lmcw = 0 h¿jw 3 amkw 18 Znh-kw.

Cuhn-[-Øn¬ F√m {Kl-ßfpsSbpw Zi-Iƒ, A]-lm-c-߃-, On{Z߃ XpS-ßn-

bh IW-°m-°n-sb-Sp-°mw. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ AXn-s‚-sbm∂pw Bhiyan-√. an°hmdpw

F√m ]©mw-K-ß-fnepw Ah- sImSpØncn°pw.

 334

1. kqcy-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃

(2)

alo-iz-cm-Zp-]-e-`-ttXm -f [nIw btim

h\m-N-e-ÿ-e-h-kXnw [\m-Kaw

Pztcm-jvW-cp-KvP-\-I-hn-tbm-KPw `bw

\nPmw Zimw {]hn-iXn XojvW-Zo-[n-Xu.

1. kqcy-Z-i-bnse kzm]-lmcw \nPmw Zimw {]hn-iXn XojvW-Zo-[n-Xu ˛ kqcy-Z-i-bnse kzm]-lmcØn¬,

alo-iz-cm-Xv D]-e-`-tbXv A[nIw btim ˛ cmPIr]-bm¬ A[nIw bi ,v

h\ AN-e -ÿ-e- h-kXnw ˛ ImSv, ae Ch-I-fn¬ hmkw,

[\mKaw,

Pztcm ˛ ]\n,

D-jvW-cp-Iv ˛ DjvW-tcm-K-߃

P-\-I-hn-tbm-KPw ˛ ]nXmhn¬\n∂pw th¿]mSv,

`bw.

(3)

cn]p-£tbm hyk-\-itam [\m-Kax

Irjn-{Inbm Krl-I-cWw kplr-ZypXn

£bm-\n-e-{]-Xn-l-Xn-c¿°-Zm-bIw

iio bZm lcXn Ptem-¤hm cpPx.

2. kqcy-Z-i-bnse N{μm-]-lmcw cn]p-£tbm ˛ i{Xp-\miw,

hyk-\-itam ˛ ZpJ-\miw,

[\m-Ka ˛ [\m-Kaw,

Irjn-{Inb ˛ Im¿jn-I-{]-h¿Øn-Iƒ,

Krl-I-cWw ˛ Krl-\n¿ΩmWw,

kplr-ZypXn ˛ an{X-em`w

£b A-\n-e -{]-Xn-l-Xn ˛ £bw, hmXw XpSßnb tcmKßfpw

Ptem-¤hm cpP ˛ Pe-kw-_-‘-amb tcmK-ßfpw D- mIpw.

(4)

cpPm-Kax ]Z-hn-c-tlm f cn--]o-U\w (1)

{htWm-¤hx kzIp-e-P-ss\¿hn-tcm-[nXm

alo`rtXm `hXn `bw [\-NypXn¿˛

bZm IptPm lcXn XZm¿°-h-’-cw.

(1) ]mTt`Zw : Ducp ]oU\w 4

3. kqcy-Z-i-bnse IpPm-]-lmcw bZm IptPm lcXn A¿°-h-’cw ˛ kqcy-Z-i-bn¬ IpPm-]lmcØn¬,

 335

cpPm-Kax ˛ tcmKw hcpI,

]Z-hn-c-lntXm ˛ ÿm\-{`wiw,

Acn-]o-U\w ˛ i{Xp-ieyw,

{htWm-¤hx ˛ {hW-߃ D- m-hpI,

kzIp-e-P-ss\x hn-tcm-[nXm ˛ kzP\hntcm[w

alo`rtXm `bw ˛ cmP-`bw,

[\-NypXnx ˛ [\-\jvSw

(5)

cn]q-Ztbm [\-lr-Xn-cm-]-Zp-ZvKtam

hnjm-Zv`bw hnj-P-hn-aq-VXm ]p\x

intcm-Zr-tim-c-[n-I-cp-t-Kh tZln-\m˛

alu `th-Z-ln-a-I-cm-bp-c-¥-tc.

4. kqcy-Z-i-bnse cmlpA-]lmcw cn]q-Ztbm ˛ i{Xp-ieyw,

[\-lr-Xn ˛ [\-\jvSw,

B-]-Zp-ZvKtam ˛ B]-Øp-Iƒ,

hnjm-Xv `bw ˛ hnj-`bw,

hnj-P-hn-aq-VXm ˛ hn-j-_m[sIm- p≈ hnaqVX, ]I∏v

intcm- Zr-tim -A[n-I-cpIv ˛ intcm-tcm-Kßfpw t\{X-tcmK-ßfpw.

(6)

cn]p-£tbm hnhn-[-[-\m-]vXn-c-\zlw

kpcm¿®\w ZznP-Kp-cp-_-‘p-]q-P\w

{ih-{itam `hXn N b£va-tcm-KXm

Kncmw-]Xu {]hn-iXn tKm]tX¿±imw.

5. kqcy-Z-i-bnse KpcppA-]lmcw cn]p-£tbm ˛ i{Xp-\miw,

hnhn-[ -[-\ B-]vXn- A-\zlw ˛ ]e-hn-[-Øn-¬, apS-ßm-sX, [\w-h-ch,v

kpcm¿®\w ˛ tZh]qP

ZznP- Kp-cp- _-‘p ]q-P\w ˛ {_m“W≥, Kpcp,_‘p Chsc BZ-cn-°¬,

{ih-{itam ˛ sNhn-tcmKw

b£va-tcm-KXm ˛ £b-tcmKw

(7)

[\m-lXnx kpX-hn-clx kv{Xntbm cptPm

Kpcqhybx k]Zn ]cn-—-Z-NypXnx

aem-‡Xm(1) `hXn I^-{]-]o-U\w

iss\-›-tc -k-hn-Xr-Z-im-¥cw KtX.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ aen-jvTXm.

6. kqcy-Z-i-bnse i\nA-]lmcw iss\-›-tc -k-hn-Xr-Z-im-¥cw KtX ˛ kqcy-Z-i-bn¬ i\n A]-lm-c-Øn¬,

 336

[\m-lXnx ˛ [\-\miw,

kpX-hn-clx ˛ ]p{X-hn-clw,

kv{Xntbm cptPm ˛ `mcy°p tcmKw,

Kpcp-hybw ˛ henb Nn-e-hp-Iƒ (Death of an elderly person, preceptor etc. -- 2) ]cn-—-Z-NypXn ˛ _‘p-°-fp-ambn th¿]mSv

aem-‡Xm ˛ aen-\X,

I^ -{]-]o-U\w ˛ I^-ieyw

(8)

hnN¿®n--Im-]n-S-I-k-Ip-jvT-Imanem

hnI-∞\w(1) PT-c-I-Sn-{]-]o-U\w

alo-£-bx- kv{Xo-K-Z-`tbm `th-ØZm

hnt[m-x kptX NcXn cth-c-Ym-_vZIw

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ hni¿[\w

7. kqcy-Z-i-bnse _p[A-]lmcw hnN¿®n--Im - ˛ sNmdn, Nncßv,

]n-S-I - ˛ Ipcp, ]cp,

k-Ip-jvT- ˛ IpjvTw,

Imanem ˛ a™-∏nØw,

hnI-∞\w ˛ \nμm-kvXpXn,

PT-c- I-Sn -{]-]o-U\w ˛ DZ-c-thZ\, Ac-s°-´p-th-Z\,

alo-£-b ˛ `qan-\miw,

{Xn-K-Z ˛ hmX-]n-Ø-I- -tZm-j-߃,

`tbm ˛ `bw.

(9)

kplr-Zvhybx kzP-\-Ip-Spw-_-hn-{Ktlm

cnt]m¿`bw [\-l-cWw ]Z-NypXnw

Kptcm¿K-Z-›-c-W-in-tcm-cp-Kp-®-ssI˛

»nJn bZm hniXn Zimw hnh-kz-Xx.

8. kqcy-Z-i-bnse tIXpA-]lmcw kplr-Zvhybx ˛ kulm¿±-\miw (_‘p-\m-iw),

kzP-\ -Ip-Spw-_ -hn-{Ktlm -˛kzP\ßfpwIp-Spw_mwK-ß-fp-ambn hntcm[w,

cn]p`bw ˛ i{Xp-`bw,

[\-l-cWw ˛ [\-tam-jWw,

]Z-NypXnw ˛ ÿm\-\jvSw,

Kptcmx K-Z ˛ Kpcp-hn\p tcmKw,

N-c-W- in-c -cp-Iv ˛ (X\n°p) Imen\pw inc- n\pw tcmKw.

 337

(10)

intcm-cpPm -PTcKp-Zm¿Øn-]o-U\w (1)

Irjn-{In-bm-Kr-l-[-\-[m-\y-hn-NypXnw

kpX-kv{Xn-tbm-c-kp-J-a-Xoh tZln\mw

`rtKmx kptX NcXn cth-c-Ym-_vZ-Iw.

(1) ]mTt`Zw : PTcK-Zm¿Øn-]o-U\w 4

9. kqcy-Z-i-bnse ip{Im]lmcw `rtKmx kptX NcXn cth-c-Ym-_vZ-Iw. ˛ kqcyZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬

intcm-cp-Pm ˛ intcm-tcmKw,

P-Tc-Kp-Zm¿Øn-]o-U\w ˛ hb-dp-th-Z\, KpZ-tcm-Kw. (KpZw ˛ ae-Zzm-cw.)

Irjn-{In-bm- Kr-l- [-\ -[m-\y hn-NypXnw ˛ Irjn, hoSv, [\w, [m\yw Chbv°p \miw,

kpX- kv{Xn-tbm- A-kp-J-a-Xoh ˛ ]p{X\pw `mcybv°pw Akp-Jw.

2. N{μZ-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃

(11)

kv{Xo{]-Pm-]vXn-c-a-emw-ip-Im-Ktam

`qkp-tcm-Ø-a-k-am-Ktam `thXv

amXp-cn-jvS-^-e-aw-K-\m-kpJw

kzmw Zimw hniXn ioX-Zo-[n-Xu.

1. N{μZ-i-bnse kzm]-lm-cw kzmw Zimw hniXn ioX-Zo-[n-Xu. ˛ N{μZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬

kv{Xo{]-Pm]vXn ˛ ]p{Xo-P-\\w (`mcybpw ]p{X∑mcpw 4)

A-a-emw-ip-Im-Ktam ˛ \√ hkv{X-w e`n°pw, .

`qkp-tcm-Ø-a-k-am-Ktam ˛ {_“-⁄m-\nIfpambn- kam-Kaw

amXp-cn-jvS-^-ew ˛ amXmhn¬\n∂p-w CjvS^ew

Aw-K-\m-kpJw -˛ kv{Xokp-Jw.

(12)

]nØ-h-”n-cp-[n-tcm-¤hm cpPx

t¢i-Zp-J-cn-]p-tNm-c-]o-U\w

hnØ-am-\-hn-l-Xn¿`-thXv IptP

ioX-Zo-[n-Xn-Z-im-¥cw KtX.

2. N{μZ-i-bnse IpPm]-lm-cw IptPioX-Zo-[n-Xn-Z-im-¥cw KtX. ˛ N{μZibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬

]nØ- h-”n -cp-[n-tcm-¤hm cpPx ˛ ]nØw, A·n, c‡w Ch- kw_-‘-amb

tcmK-߃,

t¢i- Zpx-J ˛ t¢iw, ZpJw

-cn-]p tNmc -]o-U\w , ˛ i{Xp, I≈≥ Ch-cpsS D]-{Z-hw,

hnØ -am-\- hn-l-Xn ˛ [\-\-jvSw, am\-lm-\n.

 338

(13)

Xo{h-tZm-j-cn-]p-hr-≤n-_-‘p-cp-Mv˛

amcp-Xm-l-Xn-`-bm¿Øn-cp-Kv`-thXv(1)

A∂-]m-\-P-\n-X-Pz-cm-Z-bm˛

›{μ-hXvkc-hn-lm-c-tI- f ]y-lu.

(1) ]mT-t`-Zw˛ amcp-Xm-i\n `bm¿Øn-cp-Zv`-thXv ˛ Cw•ojv hymJym\߃8 *

3. N{μZ-i-bnse cmlpA]-lm-cw N{μ-hXvkc-hn-lm-c-tI- A]n A-lu. ˛ N{μZibnse cmlpA]lmcØn¬

Xo{h-tZm-j ˛ ITn-\-amb tZmj-߃,

cn-]p- hr-≤n ˛ i{Xp-h¿≤\,

_-‘-pcp-Iv ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°v tcmKw,

amcp-Xm-l-Xn- `-bm¿Øn- cp-Kv ˛ hmX-tcmKw,

A∂- ]m-\ -P-\n-X -Pz-cm-Z-bm ˛ `£-WtZmj-kw-_-‘-am-bp-- m-Ip∂

]\n XpS-ßn-bh

* amcp-X A-i\n`b B¿Ønx- DZv`-thXv ˛ sImSp-¶m-‰v, CSn-an-∂¬ Chaqe-ap≈ `bw,

.

(14)

Zm\-[¿Ω-\n-c-X- p-tJm-Ztbm

hkv{X-`q-j-W-kp-lr-÷-\m-Kax

cmP-k-XvIr-Xn-c-Xoh PmbtX

ssIc-h-{]n-b-h-tbm-ltc Kpcu.

4. N{μZ-i-bnse hyg A]-lm-cw ssIc-h-{]n-b-h-tbm-ltc (KtX) Kpcu. ˛ N{μZibnse Kpcp A]lmcØn¬

Zm\- [¿Ω -\n-c-Xx ˛ Zm\-[¿Ω-ß-fn¬ \nc-X≥, apgp-In-b-h≥,

kp-tJm-Ztbm ˛ kpJm\p-`hw,

hkv{X- `q-j-W- kp-lr-÷-\m-Ka ˛ hkv{Xw, B`-c-Ww, kplr-Øp-°ƒ,

ChbpsS- e_v[n,

cmP- k-XvIr-Xn-x A-Xoh ˛ hf-sc- cmPIob _lp-a-Xn-Iƒ.

(15)

ss\I-tcm-KI-Z\w(1) kplr-Xv kp-X˛

kv{Xocp-Pm -hy-k-\-kw-`thm alm≥

{]mW-lm-\n-cYhm `th-—\u

amc-_-‘p -h-b-tkm- f ¥-cw- KtX.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ ss\I-tcm-K-hn-lXn

5. N{μZ-i-bnse i\n A]-lm-cw

i\u amc-_-‘p -h-b-tkm- f ¥-cw- KtX. ˛ N{μZibnse i\nA]lmcØn¬

ss\I-tcm-K˛\ GI-tcmK˛IZ\w ˛ ]e-hn[ tcmK-߃aqew ZpJw. -

kplr-Xv kp-X kv{Xo cp-Pm ˛ _‘p-°ƒ, a°ƒ, `mcy Ch¿°v tcmKw,

--h,y-k-\-kw-`thm alm≥ ˛ henb ZpJ-kw -h-߃,

{]mW-lm-\n- ˛ ac-Ww.

 339

.

(16)

k¿hZm [\-K-Pm-iz-tKm-Ip-e˛

{]m]vXn-cm-`-c-W-ku-Jy-kw-]Zx

NnØ-t_m[ CXn PmbtX hnt[m˛

cmbpjn {]hn-itX bZm _p[x.

6. N{μZ-i-bnse _p[m]-lm-cw hnt[mcmbpjn {]hn-itX bZm _p[x. ˛ N{μZ-i-bnse _p[m]-lm-cØn¬

k¿hZm [\ -K-P A-iz- tKm-Ip-e {]m]vXn-x˛ Ft∏mgpw [\w, B\, IpXn-c, ]ip-°ƒ Ch-

bpsS e_v[n,

B-`-c-W ˛ B`-cWw,

ku-Jy - ˛ kpJw,

kw-]Zx ˛ kºØ v,

NnØ-t_m[ ˛ _p≤n {]Im-in-°pI

(17)

NnØ-N-©-e-\-a¿∞-hn-Nyp-Xn¿(1)˛

_‘p-lm\nc]n tXmbPw `bw

Zm\-`r-Xy-l-Xn-ckvXn tZln\mw

tIXptI lcXn Nm{μ-a-_vZIw

]mT-t`Zw ˛NnØ-lm\n-c-]n- k-ºZNyp-Xn¿.

7. N{μZ-i-bnse tIXp A]-lm-cw tIXptI lcXn Nm{μ-a-_vZIw ˛ N{μZibnse tIXpA]lmcØn¬

NnØ-N-©-e-\-w ˛ a\-›m-©eyw, at\m-ZpJw,

A¿∞-hn-Nyp-Xn ˛ [\-\miw,

_‘p-lm\n ˛ _‘p-\jvSw,

XmbPw `bw ˛ Pew-Im-c-W-amb `bw,

Zm\ -`r-Xy -l-Xn- ˛ Zm\w, `rXy¿ Chbv°p lm\n.

(18)

tXmb-bm-\-h-kp-`q-j-Wmw-K-\m˛

hn{I-b-{I-b-Ir-jn-{In-bm-Zbx

]p{X-an-{X-]-ip-[m-\y-kw-bp-Xn˛

›{μ-Zm-b-l-c-tWm-∑ptJ `rKu.

8. N{μZ-i-bnse ip{Im]-lm-cw N{μ-Zm-b-l-c-tWm-∑ptJ `rKu ˛ N{μZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬

tXmb-bm-\ ˛ Pe-hm-l-\-߃, *

h-kp ˛ kºØv,

`q-j ˛ B`-c-W-߃,

Aw-K-\m ˛ kv{XoIƒ (`m-cy),

hn{I-b-{I-b- ˛ I®-hSw,

Ir-jn-{In-b ˛ Irjn,

 340

]p{X- an-{X -]-ip -[m-\y -kw-bp-Xn ˛ ]p{X-∑m¿, an{X-߃, ]ip-°ƒ, [m-\yw

Ch-bpsS e_v[n.

* Pekw_‘ambp≈ [\w ˛˛ 4

(19)

cmP-am-\-\-a-Xoh iqcXm

tcmK-im-¥n-c-cn-]-£-hn-NypXnw

]nØ-hm-X-cp-Knt\ KXm XZm

kym—im¶-]-cn-h-’-cm-¥-cw.

9. N{μZ-i-bnse kqcym]-lm-cw kymXv iim¶-]-cn-h-’-cm-¥-cw. ˛ N{μZibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬

cmP-am-\-\ ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w,

A-Xoh iqcXm ˛ hfsc iucyw,

tcmK-im-¥n ˛ tcmKia\w

Acn-]-£-hn-NypXnw ˛ i{Xp-]-£-Øn\p \miw,

]nØ- hm-X - ˛ ]nØ-hm-X-tcm-K-߃.

3. IpP-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃

(20)

]ntØm-jvW-cp-Kv{h-W-`bw kl-ssP¿hn-tbmKw

t£{X-{]-hm-Z-P-\n-Xm¿∞-hn-`qXnkn≤nx

⁄mXy-·n-i-{Xp-\r-]-tNm-c-P-ss\¿hn-tcmt[m(1)

- [m{Xo-kptXm lcXn tN—-cZw kzIo-bw.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: hnjmtZm

1. IpPZibnse kzm]lmcw -[m{Xo-kptXm lcXn tN—-cZw kzIo-bw. ˛ IpPZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬

]ntØmjvW-cp-Iv ˛ ]nØ DjvW tcmK-߃, {hW-`bw,

kl-ssPx hn-tbmKw ˛ ktlm-Z-c∑mcpsS -th¿]mSv,

t£{X -{]-hm-Z -P-\n-X A¿∞- hn-`q-Xnkn≤n ˛ `qankw_Ÿamb X¿°w Pbn®p- mIp∂

kmºØnIt\´ßfpw sFizcyhpw

⁄mXn A·n -i-{Xp -\r-] -tNm-c-P-ss\- hn-tcmt[m

˛ _‘p-°ƒ, A·n, i{Xp, cmPm-hv, I≈- ∑m¿ Ch-cpsS hntcm[w

(21)

ikv{Xm-·n-tNm-c-cn-]p-`q-]-`bw hnjm¿Ønx

Ip£y-£n-io¿j-P-KtZm Kpcp-_-‘p-lm\nx

{]mWhy-tbmY bZn hm hn]p-em-]-tZm(1) hm

h{Im-bp-c-¥-c-KtX `pP-Km-[n-\m-tY.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ hn]p-em-]hmtZm

 341

2 IpPZibnse cmlpA]lmcw h{Im-bp-c-¥-c-KtX `pP-Km-[n-\m-tY. ˛ IpPZibnse cmlpA]lmcØn¬

ikv{X A-·n -tNm-c -cn-]p -`q-]-`bw ˛ Bbp-[w, Xo, I≈≥, i{Xp, cmPmhv

Ch-cn¬\n∂p `bw,

hnjm¿Øn ˛ hnj-`bw,

Ip£n A£n -io¿j-P- KtZm ˛ hb¿, IÆv, inc v Ch-bv°-kpJw,

Kpcp- _-‘-plm\n ˛ Kpcp -_-‘p- ChcpsS \jvSw,

{]mW-hy-tbm ˛ {]mW-\jvSw

hn]p-em-]-tZm ˛ (As√¶n¬) henb B]ØpIƒ.

(22)

ZznP-Kp-cp-_p-[-]qPm(1) Xo¿∞-]p-Wym-\p-tkhm

kX-X-a-Xn-Yn-]qPm ]p{X-an-{Xm-`n-hr≤nx

{ihW-cp-K-Xn-am{Xw t«jva-tcm-tKmZv`thm hm

`hXn IpP-Z-im¥- w-KtX hmK-[o-ti.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ ZznP-hn-_p-[-k-a¿®m

3 IpPZibnse KpcpA]lmcw `hXn IpP-Z-im¥- w-KtX hmK-[o-ti. ˛ IpPZibnse KpcpA]lmcØn¬

ZznP- Kp-cp- _p-[ -]qPm ˛ {_“⁄m\n, Kpcp, hnZzm≥ Ch-cpsS ]qP,

Xo¿∞ -]p-Wym A\p-tkhm ˛ Xo¿∞-kv\m\w, A-Xn-Yn-]qP,

]p{X -an-{X A-`n-hr≤n ˛ ]p{X-∑m¿°pw an{X߃°pw A`n-hr≤n,

{ih-Wcp-K-Xn-am{Xw ˛ I¿Æ-tcmKw,

t«jva-tcm-K ˛ I^-tcmKw

(23)

D]-cn-]-cn-hn-\mix kzmfl-P-kv{Xo-Kp-cq-Wm˛

aK-Wn-X-hn-]-Z-¥w ZpxJ-a¿t∞m]lm\nx

hkp-l-c-W-a-cn-t`ym -`o-Xn-cp-jvWm-\n-em-·n¿˛

`hXn IpP-Z-im-bm-a¿°tP kw{]-bm-tX.

4 IpPZibnse i\n]lmcw `hXn IpP-Z-im-bm-a¿°tP kw{]-bm-tX. ˛ IpPZibnse i\nA]lmcØn¬

kzBfl-P- kv{Xo -Kp-cq-Wmw ˛ a°ƒ, `mcy, Kpcp Ch¿°,v

D]-cn-]-cn-hn-\mix ˛ hfsc tZmjßfpw

AK-Wn-X -hn-]-Z¥w ˛ ]ehn[ B]-Øp-Ifpw, ZpxJw-,

A¿t∞m]lm\nx ˛ [\-\jvSw,

hkp- l-c-Ww ˛ [\m-]-l-cWw,

A--cn-t`ym -`o-Xn- ˛ i{Xp-`bw,

DjvW A-\n-e A-·n `hXn ˛ DjvW, hmX kw_-‘-amb tcmK߃.

(24)

Acn-`-b-ap-cp-tNm-tcm-]-{Z-thm¿Ym¿Y-lm\nx

]ip-K-PXp-c-KmWmw hnπ-thm- f an-{X-tbmKx

 342

\r]-Ir-X-]-cn-]oUm iq{Z-ssh-tcm-Zv`thm hm

ZniXn hniXn kutay(1) hniz-[m-{Xo-kp-Xm-bpx.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ hniXn iin-X-\qtP

5. IpPZibnse _p[m]lmcw

ZniXn hniXn kutay(1) hniz-[m-{Xo-kp-Xm-bpx.˛ IpPZibnse _p[m]lmcØn¬

Acn-`-bw - ˛ i{Xp-`bw,

tNm-tcm-]-{Zh ˛ I≈-∑m-cpsS ieyw,

A¿∞-lm\n ˛ [\-\jvSw,

]ip- K-P -Xp-c-KmWmw hnπ-thm- ˛ ]ip, B\, IpXnc Chbv°p tZmjw,

Aan-{X-tbmKx ˛ i{Xp-_‘w,

\r]-Ir-X- ]-cn-]oUm ˛ cmP-tIm]w,

iq{Z-ssh-tcm-¤thm ˛ iq{Z-cpsS hntcm[w

(25)

Ai-\n-`-b-a-I-kvam-Z-·n-i-kv{X-]oUm

hnK-a-\-aY tZimZznØ-\m-tim f -Y-hm -kymXv

Ah-K-a-\-a-kpt`ym tbmjntXm hm hn\mix

{]hn-iXn bZn tIXu {Iqc-t\-{Xm-bp-c¥w.

6. IpPZibnse tIXp A]lmcw {]hn-iXn bZn tIXpx {Iqc-t\-{Xm-bp-c¥w˛IpPZibnse tIXp A]lmcØn¬

Ai-\n-`-b- ˛ CSn-an-∂¬ `bw,

A-I-kvam-Xv A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb

A-·n -i-kv{X- {]]oUm ˛ A·n aqehpw Bbp-[w aqehpw- `bw,

hnK-a-\-aY tZim¬ ˛ hntZ-i-K-a\w,

hnØ-\m-i ˛ [\-\miw,

Ah-K-a-\w- A-kpt`ym ˛ (X\n°p) {]mW\jvSw

tbmjntXm hm hn\mix ˛ As√¶n¬ `mcymacWw

(26)

bp[n P\n-X-hn-am\w hn{]-hmkx kztZ-imXv˛

hkp-lr-Xn-c]n tNmssc¿hm-a-t\-t{Xm-]-tcm[x

]cn-P-\-]-cnlm\n¿÷m-btX am\-hm-\m˛

a]-l-cXn bZm-bp¿`q-anPw `m¿§-th{μx.

7. IpPZibnse ip{Im]lmcw Bbp¿`q-anPw `m¿§-th{μx. ˛ IpPZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬

bp[n P\n-X- hn-am\w * ˛ bp≤w ImcWap- mIp∂ -am\t°Sv

hn{]- hmkx kztZ-imXv ˛ A\y-tZ-i-hmkw,

hkp-lr-Xn- A]n tNmsscx ˛ I≈-∑m¿ [\w -sIm-- p-t]mIpw,

hm-a-t\-{X D]-tcm[ ** ˛ CS-Xp-I-Æn\v AkpJw,

]cn-P-\ -]-cnlm\n ˛ `rXy-\miw

 343

* bp≤Ønep≈ PbwsIm- p-- mIp∂ am\hpw F∂p aebmfw hymJym\߃.

Cw•ojvhymJym\ßfn¬ AXp bp≤Øn¬ tXm¬hnXs∂bmWv.

** kv{XoP\߃°p tcmKhpw F∂p 4

(27)

\r]-Ir-X-]-cn-]qPm bp≤-e_v[{]`mhx

]cn-P-\-[-\-[m-\y-{io-a-Z-¥x-]p-cw N

AXn-hn-e-kn-X-hrØnw kml-km-Zm-]vX-e-£vao˛

kvXnan-c-`nZn IpPm-bp¿±m-b-kw-lm-c-Wo-Xn.

8. IpPZibnse kqcym]lmcw \r]-Ir-X-]-cn-]qPm ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w,

bp≤-e_v[{]`mhx ˛ bp≤w -(bp-≤-P-bw) sIm-- p-- m-Ip∂

{]Xm]w,

]cn-P-\ -[-\ -[m-\y -{io-aXv A--¥x-]p-cw N ˛ `rXy¿, [\w, [m\yw, sFizcyw, A¥-]pcw

Ch-Ifpw,

AXn-hn-e-kn-X-hrØnw ˛ B\μ-{]-Z-amb {]h¿Øn-Ifpw,

kml-km-Xv B-]vX- e-£vao ˛ kml-kw-sIm- v e`n® kzØpw.

(28)

hnhn-[-[-\-kp-Xm-]vXn¿hn-{]-tbmtKmcn f h¿ss§¿˛

hk-\-i-b-\-`q-jm-c-Xv\-k-ºXv {]kqXnx

`hXn Kpcp-P-\m¿Øn¿Kp¬a-]n-Ø-{]-]o-Um

[c-Wn-X-\-b-h¿jw ioXKu kw{]-bm-tX.

9. IpPZibnse N{μm]lmcw [c-Wn-X-\-b-h¿jw ioXKu kw{]-bm-tX.˛ IpPZibnse N{μm]lmcØn¬

hnhn-[ -[-\- kp-Xm-]vXnx ˛ ]ehn[ [\em`w, ]p{Xem`w,

hn-{]-tbmtKm Acnh¿ss§x ˛ i{Xp°ƒ \ncp]{Zhw

(The enemies will not be able to cause sufferings or loss.)* hk-\- i-b-\ -`q-jm- c-Xv\ k-ºXv {]kqXnx ˛ hkv{Xw, InS-∏v, B`-c-W-߃, cXv\w,

kºØv Ch-bpsS e_v[n,

Kpcp-P-\m¿Øn ˛ Kpcp-P-\-߃°p ZpJw,

Kp¬a -]n-Ø -{]-]o-Um ˛ Kpeva]nØ-tcm-K-߃

* i{Xp]oUsIm- v A\ytZihmkw F∂p aebmfw hymJym\߃

4. cmlp-Zibnse A]-lm-c-߃

(29)

hnjmw-_p-cp-Kv Zp-jvS-`p-Pw-K-Z¿i\w (1)

]cm-_-em-kw-bp-Xn-cn-jvS-hn-NypXnx

A\n-jvS-hm-Kv Zp-jvS-P-\-hyYm `thXv

hn[p-¥p-tZ-\m-]-lrtX kzh-’-tc.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: Z¿i\w

 344

1. cmlpZibnse kzm]lmcw hn[p-¥p-tZ-\m-]-lrtX kzh-’-tc. ˛ cmlpZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬

hnj Aw-_p-cp-Kv ˛ hnjw, Pew Ch-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´

tcmK-߃,

Zp-jvS-`p-Pw-K-Z¿i\w ˛ hnj∏mºpIfpsS Z¿i\w

]cm-_-em-kw-bp-Xn ˛ ]c-kv{Xo-_‘w,

C-jvS-hn-NypXn ˛ _‘p-\miw

A\n-jvS-hm-Kv ˛ A{]n-b-`m-jWw,

Zp-jvS-P-\-hyYm ˛ ZpjvS-cm¬ ZpJw.

(30)

kptJm-]-\o-Xn- p-c-hn-{]-]q-P\w

hntcm-KXm hma-Zrimw kam-Kamx

kp]p-Wy-im-kv{Xm¿∞-hn-Nm-c-kw-`-h˛

 pcm-cn-Zm-bm-¥-ctK _rl-kv]-Xu.

2. cmlpZibnse Kpcp A]lmcw kpcm-cn-Zm-bm-¥-ctK _rl-kv]-Xu. ˛ cmlpZibnse Kpcp A]lmcØn¬

kptJm-]-\o-Xn- ˛ kpJm\p-`hw,

kpc -hn-{] -]q-P\w ˛ tZh-{_m-“W]qP,

hntcm-KXm ˛ BtcmKyw,

hma-Zrimw kam-Kam ˛ ˛ kpμcokamKaw

kp]p-Wy ˛ ]pWy-I¿Ω-߃,

im-kv{Xm¿∞ -hn-Nm-c- kw-`-h ˛ imkv{Xm¿∞w apXembh.

(31)-

kao-c-]n-Ø-{]-KZx £Xn-kvXt\m

X\q-P-tbm-jn-’-l-ssP› hn{Klx

kz`r-Xy-\m-i› ]Z-Nyp-Xn¿`-th˛

±nXn-{]-Pmbpx {]hn-i-Xy-Ym¿°-tP.

3 cmlpZibnse i\n]lmcw ZnXn-{]-Pmbpx {]hn-i-Xy-Ym¿°-tP. ˛ cmlpZibnse i\n]lmcØn¬

kao-c -]n-Ø -{]-KZx ˛ hmX-]n-Ø-tcm-K-߃,

£Xn- X\u ˛ tZlØp apdnhv,

X\q-P -tbm-jnX k--l-ssP N hn{Klx ˛ a°ƒ,`mcy, ktlm-Z-c¿, Ch-cp-ambn hg°v,

kz`r-Xy\m-i› ˛ `rXy-\miw,

]Z-Nyp-Xn ˛ ÿm\-{`wiw

(32)

kpX-kz-kn-≤n-x kp-lrZmw kam-Ktam

at\m-hn-\-μ-Xz-a-Xoh PmbtX

]Sp-{In-bm-`q-j-W-Iu-i-em-Ztbm

`pPw-K-kw-h-’-c-lm-cn-Wo-μptP.

 345

4. cmlpZibnse _p[m]lmcw `pPw-K-kw-h-’-c-lm-cn-Wo-μptP. ˛ cmlpZibnse _p[m]lmcØn¬

kpX -kz- kn-≤n- ˛ ]p{X-˛-[-\-em`w,

kp-lrZmw kam-Ktam ˛ kplr-Zvkam-Kaw,

at\m -hn-\-μ-Xz ˛ a\ t¥mjw ]Sp-{In-bm ˛ \√ {]]¿Øn-Iƒ,

`q-j-W- ˛ B`-c-W߃,

Iu-i-em-Ztbm ˛ Iuiew XpS-ßn-bh

* at\m -hn-˛\-μ-Xz ˛ at\mhnjaw F∂pw ImWp∂p. .

(feeling of inferiority in an acute form - 2)

kμ¿`w t\m°ptºmƒ kt¥mjamWv tbmPn°p∂Xv.

(33)

Pzcm-·n-i-kv{Xm-cn-`bw intcm-cptPm

ico-c-Iºx kzkp-lrZv Kpcp-hyYm

hnj-{h-Wm¿Ønx Ielw kplr-÷-ss\˛

clo-{μ-Zm-bm-¥-ctK inJm-[-tc.

5. cmlpZibnse tIXpA]lmcw Alo-{μ-Zm-bm-¥-ctK inJm-[-tc. ˛ cmlpZibnse tIXpA]lmcØn¬

Pzc A-·n- i-kv{X Acn -`bw ˛ ]\n, Xo, Bbp-[w, i{Xp Ch-bm¬ `bw,

intcm-cptPm ˛ intcm-tcmKw,

ico-c-Iºx ˛ tZlw hnd-bv°¬,

kz kp-lrZv Kpcp -hyYm ˛ X\n°pw kplr-Øp-°ƒ°pw Kpcp-hn\pw

ZpJw,

hnj- {h-W B¿Ønx ˛ hnjw, apdnhv Ch-tIm- p hnjaw,

Ielw kplr-÷-ss\ ˛ kplr-Øp-°-fp-ambn Ielw.

(34)

If-{X-e-_v[n-»bt\m-]Nm-cXm

Xpcw-K-am-Xw-K-a-lo-k-am-Kax

I^m-\n-em¿Ønx kzP-ss\¿hn-tcm-[Xm

`thZv `pPw-Km-bp-cp]m-lrtX `rKu.

6. cmlpZibnse ip{Im]lmcw `pPw-Km-bp-cp]m-lrtX `rKu .˛ cmlpZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬

If-{X- e-_v[n- ˛ `mcym-em`w,

ibt\m-]Nm-cXm ˛ ib-\-kpJw,

Xpcw-K -am-Xw-K -a-lo- k-am-Kax ˛ IpXn-c, B\, `qan Ch- em`w,

I^ A\n-e B¿Ønx ˛ I^-hm-X-tcm-K-߃,

kzP-ss\¿hn-tcm-[Xm ˛ _‘p-hn-tcm[w

(35)

Acn-hyYm kymZ-Xn-]o-U\w Zrtim¿˛

hnjm-·n-i-kv{Xm-l-Xn-cm-]-Zp-ZvKax

 346

(?) h[q-kp-Xm-¿Øn (1) \r-]-tX¿a-lm-`bw

`pPw-K-h¿tj Xnan-cm-cnWm lrtX.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: h[qkp[m]vXn ˛ “ `mhIpXqlew ”

7. cmlpZibnse kqcym]lmcw `pPw-K-h¿tj Xnan-cm-cnWm lrtX. ˛ cmlpZibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬

Acn-hyYm ˛ i{Xp-ZpJw,

A-Xn-]o-U\w Zrtim ˛ t\{X-tcmKw,

hnj A·n- i-kv{Xm -l-Xn -B-]-Zp-ZvKax ˛ hnjw, -A-·n,- B-bp[w Chaqeap≈

B]ØpIƒ

h-[q-kp-Xm¿Øn ˛ `mcym]p-{XZp-Jw. (`mcybv°pw ]p{X-∑m¿°pw

ZpJw. As√-¶n¬ `mcybpw ]p{Xcpw aqew ZpJw.)

\r-]-tX¿a-lm-`bw ˛ cmP-`bw

(36)

h[q-hn-\mix Ietlm at\m-cpPx

Irjn-{Inbm hnØ-]-ip-{]-Pm-£bx

kplr-÷-\m¿Ønx(1)- ken-em-¤bw `thXv

hn[u Zim-t`m-‡cn tZh-hn-Zzn-jx.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kplr-Zzn-]-Øn.

8. cmlpZibnse N{μm]lmcw hn[u Zim-t`m-‡cn tZh-hn-Zzn-jx. ˛ cmlpZibnse N{μm]lmcØn¬

h[q-hn-\mix ˛ `mcym-\miw,

Ietlm ˛ Ielw,

at\m-cpPx ˛ at\m-th-Z-\-Iƒ

Irjn -{Inbm hnØ -]-ip -{]-Pm£bx ˛ Irjn,[-\w,]-ip,a°ƒ/{]P-Iƒ

Chbv°p \miw,

kplr-÷-\ B¿Øn- ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°p ZpJw,

k-en-em-Xv `bw ˛ Pe-`bw.

(37)

\r]m-·n-tNm-cm-kv{X-`bw ico-cnWmw

ico-c-\mtim bZn hm alm-cpPx

]Z-{`aw lr∂-b-\-{]-]o-U\w (1)

bZm{X k¿∏m-bpjn k©-tcXv IpPx

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ lr∂n[\w {]hoU\w

9. cmlpZibnse IpPm]lmcw k¿∏m-bpjn k©-tcXv IpPx ˛ cmlpZibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬

\r] A-·n -tNm-c A-kv{X-`bw ico-cnWmw˛ cmPmhv, Xo, I-≈∑m¿,- Bbp[߃

Chaqeap≈ `bw

ico-c-\mtim ˛ tZl-\miw,

bZn hm ˛ As√-¶n¬,

alm-cpPx ˛ alm-tcmKw,

 347

]Z-{`aw ˛ ÿm\-N-e\w,

lr∂b-\-{]-]o-U\w ˛ lrt{ZmKw, t\{XtcmKw

(lr∂n[\w ˛ at\m-`w-Kw ˛ aebmfw hymJym\߃)

5. KpcpZibnse A]lmc߃

(3-8)

ku`m-Ky-Im-¥n--c-Xn-am-\-Kp-tWm-Zbx kymXv

kXv]p-{X-kn-≤n-c-h-\o-]-Xn-]q-P\w N

BNm-cy-km-[p-P-\-kw-bp-Xn-cn-jvS kn≤nx

kwh-’cw lcXn tZh-Kpcu kzIo-bw.

1. KpcpZibnse kzm]lmcw kwh-’cw lcXn tZh-Kpcu kzIo-bw. ˛ KpcpZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬

ku`m-Ky- ˛ `mKyw,

Im-¥n --, ˛ tZlIm¥n

A-Xn-am-\-Kp-tWm-Zbx ˛ hfsc _lp-am-\hpw KpW^eßfpw

kXv]p-{X-kn-≤n- ˛ kXv]p-{X-em`w,

A-h-\o-]-Xn-]q-P\w ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w,

BNm-cy -km-[p-P-\- kw-bp-Xn- ˛ BNm-cy-∑m¿, k÷-\-߃ Ch-cp-ambn

tNcpI,

C-jvS kn≤nx ˛ CjvSImcykn≤n

(39)

thiymw-K-\m-a-Z-IrXmanX(1)-tZm-j-kwKx

k¬°¿a-(2)ku-Jy-k-Ip-Spw-_-]-ip-{]-]oUmx

A¿∞-hy-tbm-cp-`b-a-£n-P-cp-Iv kp-Xm¿Øn¿˛

ssPho-Zimw hniXn ssZ\-Itc \cm-Wmw.

]mT-t`Zw ˛

(1) a-Z-IrZmkh-tZm-j-kwKx

(2) D-XvI¿j

2. KpcpZibnse i\nA]lmcw ssPho-Zimw hniXn ssZ\-Itc \cm-Wmw.˛ KpcpZibnse i\nA]lmcØn¬

thiymw-K-\m- a-Z-Ir-X AanXtZm-j-kwKx ˛ thiym-kwKhpw a‰pw aqeap≈ -

tZm-j^e߃,

k¬°¿a- ku-Jy - kXvI¿Ωw, kuJyw,

-Ip-Spw-_- ]-ip- {]-]oUmx ˛ Ip-Spw-_w -]-ip- Chbv°p ]oUIƒ

(kXv{]hrØnIƒsIm- p kuJyhpw F∂p 4)

A¿∞-hy-tbm ˛ [\-hybw,

D`b-a-£n-P-cp-Iv ˛ t\{X-tcmKw,

kp-Xm¿Øn ˛ ]p{X-ZpJw.

 348

(40)

kv{XoZyq-X-a-Zy-P-a-lm-hy-k\w {XntZmssjx

tINn-Zzn-Z-¥y]n N tIh-e-aw-K-fm]vXnx

tZh-Zzn-Pm¿®-\-kp-Xm¿∞-kp-J-{]-tbm-ssK¿˛

Ko¿hm-W-]q-Pn-X-Z-im-lrZn N{μ-kq-\u.

3. KpcpZibnse _p[m]lmcw Ko¿hm-W-]q-Pn-X-Z-im-lrZn N{μ-kq-\u. ˛ KpcpZibnse _p[m]lmcØn¬

kv{Xo Zyq-X -a-Zy-P -a-lm-hy-k\w ˛ kv{XoIfpambp≈ (hgnhn´) _‘ßfpw,

NqXm´hpw aZy]m\hpw aqew,

hfscb[nIw ZpJßfpw

{XntZmssj ˛ hmX-]n-Ø-I-^-߃ tIm]n®XpsIm- p≈

tcmKßfpw ^ew.

tZh -Zzn-P A¿®-\ ˛ tZh-{_m-“-W-]qP

kp-X A¿∞- kp-J -{]-tbm-ssKx ˛ ]p{X [\ kpJ {]m]vXn (XpSßnb)

tIh-e-aw-K-fm]vXnx ˛ awKfamb ^eßfp- #Ipsa∂p

tINnXv hZ¥n A]n ˛ a‰p Nne-cpw ]d-bp-∂p.

]ckv]chncp≤amb Cu c- pXcw ^e߃°pw AhbptSXmb ImcWap- v.

ip`\mb hygØns‚ Zibn¬ as‰mcp ip`\mb _p[s‚ A]lmcw hymgØns‚

ImcIXzßfn¬s∏Sp∂ ]p{X≥, [\w, kpJw, tZh{_m“W]qP XpSßnb \√ ^e߃

sIm- phtc- XmWv. F∂m¬ hymgØns‚ ss\k¿§nIi{Xp F∂ \nebv°v kv{Xo

Iƒ, aZyw, NqXm´w Ch hgn hymgØns‚ [\ImcIXzsØ Zp¿∫eam°n, {XntZmj

tIm]Øn\nSbm°n, hymgw Xtc- [hkpJwt]mepw ]mgm°pIbmWv A\pIqe

\√mØ _p[≥ sNøpI

(41)

ikv{X-{htWm `hXn `rXy-P-ss\¿\n-tcm-[˛

›nØ-hyYm X\-b-tbm-jn-Zp-]-{Z-h›

{]mW-Nyp-Xn¿Kp-cp-kp-lr-÷-\-hn-{]-tbmtKm

tZth-Uy-am-bp-c-]-lrXy ZZmXn tIXpx.

4. KpcpZibnse tIXp A]lmcw tZth-Uy-am-bp-c-]-lrXy ZZmXn tIXpx ˛ KpcpZibnse tIXp A]lmcØn¬ .

ikv{X-{htWm `hXn ˛ Bbp-[w-sIm- p apdnhv,

`rXy-P-ss\x hn-tcm-[ ˛ `rXy-cp-ambn hntcm[w,

NnØ-hyYm ˛ at\m-ZpJw,

X\-b- tbm-jn-X D-]-{Z-h› ˛ a°ƒ°pw `mcybv°pw D]{Zhw, tcmKw

{]mW-Nyp-Xn ˛ acWw,

Kp-cp -kp-lr-÷-\ -hn-{]-tbmtKm ˛ KpcpP\ßfptSbpw _‘p°fptSbpw, -

th¿]mSv

(42)

\m\m-hn-[m¿∞-]-ip-[m-\y-]-cn-—Zkv{Xo˛

]p{Xm-∂-]m-\-i-b-\mw-_-c-`q-jWm]vXnx

 349

tZh-Zzn-Pm¿®-\-ap-]m-k-\-X-Xv]-c-Xz˛

ambpcyZm lcXn ssPh-a-Ym f -kp-tcUyx.

5. KpcpZibnse ip{Im]lmcw Bbp bZm lcXn ssPh-a-Y -Akp-tcUyx. ˛ KpcpZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬

\m\m-hn-[ ˛ ]e-hn[Ønepw

A¿∞ -]-ip -[m-\y-]-cn-OZ ˛ [\w, ]ip°ƒ, [m\yw, ]cnhmc߃ kv{Xo

]p{X ˛ `mcy, a°ƒ

A-∂- ]m-\ i-b-\ ˛ `£Ww, ]m\obw, ib\w

Aw-_-c -`q-j-W ˛ hkv{X߃, B`-c-W-߃

B]vXnx ˛ Ch e`n-°pw.

tZh-Zzn-P A¿®-\ ˛ tZh {_m“W ]qP,

D--]m-k-\ -X-Xv]-c-Xzw ˛ D]m-k-\- ChIfn¬ X¬∏c\mIpw.

(43)

it{Xm¿Pbx £nXn-]-am-\-\-Io¿Øn-em`x

kym®WvUXm \c-Xp-cw-K-a-hm-l-\m]vXnx

t{iWy-{K-lm-c-]p-c-cm-jv{S-k-a-kvX-k-º˛

Zpss®-cp-N∞y-k-l-Pm-bp-cp-]m-lr-tX f ¿t°.

6. KpcpZibnse kqcym]lmcw DN∞yklP Bbp D]mlrtX A¿t° KpcpZibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬

it{Xm¿Pbx ˛ i{Xp-Pbw,

£nXn-]-am-\-\- ˛ cmP_lp-am\w,

Io¿Øn-em`x ˛ {]ikvXn,

NWvUXm ˛ ]cm-{Iaw,

\c- Xp-cw-K-a- hm-l-\ B]vXnx ˛ ]√-°v, tXcv apX-em-b hml\ßfpw

t{iWn A{K-lm-c- ]p-c -cm-jv{S -k-a-kvX -k-ºXv ˛sXcp-hv, A{K-lm-cw, \K-cw, cmPyw XpSßn

kI-e-k-º-Øp-Ifpw ({IaØn¬) D- m-Ipw.

(44)

tbmjn-Zv_-lp-Xza-cn-\m-i-\-a¿∞-em`w

Irjy¿∞-h-kvXp-]-c-tam-∂-X-Io¿Øn-em`w

tZh-Zzn-Pm¿®-\-]-c-Xz-a-Xoh ]pwkmw

kRvPm-btX Kpcp-Z-im-lrXn i¿h-co-ti.

7. KpcpZibnse N{μm]lmcw Kpcp-Z-im-lrXn i¿h-co-ti ˛ KpcpZibn¬ N{μm]lmcØn¬

tbmjn-Xv _-lp-Xzw ˛ hfsc `mcy-am¿,

A-cn-\m-i-\w- ˛ i{Xp-\miw,

A¿∞ -em`w ˛ [\-em`w,

Irjn A¿∞- h-kvXp- ˛ Irjn, [\w,

]-c-tam-∂-X- Io¿Øn-em`w ˛ G‰hpw henb {]ikvXn Ch e`n°pw.

tZh- Zzn-P A¿®-\-]-c-Xz-w AXoh... ˛ tZh-{_m-“-W-]q-P-I-fn¬ AXoh Xm¬]cyw

D- mIpw.

 350

(45)

_‘q-]-tXm-j-W-a-cn-{h-P-tXm f ¿∞-em`x

kpt£-{X-k-XvIr-Xn-cnl {]Yn-X-{]-`mhx

CujXv Kpcq-]-l-Xn-co-£-W-kp-£-Xn¿hm

£nXym-fltP lcXn h’-c-am-cy-Pm-Xw.

8. KpcpZibnse IpPm]lmcw £nXym-fltP lcXn h’-c-am-cy-Pm-Xw. ˛ KpcpZibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬

_‘q]-tXm-j-W-w ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°p kt¥mjw,

Acn-{h-P-tXm A¿∞-em`x ˛ i{Xp-°-fn¬\n∂v A¿∞-em`w,

kpt£-{X ˛ `qanem`w

k-XvIr-Xn ˛ kXv{]-hrØnIƒ,

{]Yn-X-{]-`mhx ˛ {]`mhh¿≤\,

CujXv Kpcq-]-l-Xn ˛ Kpcp-hn\v A\¿∞w

Cu-£-W-kp-£-Xn ˛ t\{X-tcmKw

(46)

_‘q-]-X-]vXn-cp-cp-am-\-k-cp-§-Zm¿Øn˛

t›mcm-¤bw Kpcp-KtZm PTtcm¤thm hm

cmtP--{μ-]o-U-\-a-cn-hy-k\w kz\miw

kºZytX lcXn kqcn-Zimw kpcm-cu.

9. KpcpZibnse cmlpA]lmcw kqcn-Zimw kpcm-cu ˛ KpcpZibnse cmlpA]lmcØn¬

_‘q-]-X-]vXn- ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°p ZpJw

(_-‘p-°-sf-s°m- p ZpJw F∂pw)

Dcp-am-\-k- ˛ a\x-{]-bmkw,

cp-§-Zm¿Øn ˛ tcmK-Zp-J-߃,

tNmcm-¤bw ˛ tamjW`oXn

Kpcp-KtZm PTtcm¤thm hm ˛ Kpcp-Xcamb, _‘amb, {]iv\߃

cmtP--{μ-]o-U-\ ˛ cmtPm-]-{Zhw,

A-cn-hy-k\w ˛ i{Xp-ieyw,

kz\miw ˛ [\-\miw

6. i\n-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c߃

(47)

Irjn-hr-≤n-`r-Xy-a-ln-jm-`yp-Zbw

]h-am-\-cpIKvhrj-e-Pm-Xn-[\w

ÿhn-cmw-K-\m-]vXn-c-e-k-Xz-aLw

\nP-h-’-cm-¥-c-KtX chn-tP.

1. i\nZibnse kzm]lmcw \nP-h-’-cm-¥-c-KtX chn-tP. ˛ i\nZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬

 351

-Irjn-hr-≤n- ˛ Irjn-°v A`n-hr≤n,

`r-Xy -a-ln-j A`yp-Zbw ˛ `rXy-∑mcpw, t]mØpIfpw h¿≤n°pw.

]h-am-\-cpIv ˛ hmX/hmbp-tcmKw,

hrj-e-Pm-Xn-[\w ˛ Zmk-∑m¿ hgn [\m-K-aw,

ÿhn-c Aw-K-\ B-]vXn ˛ hr≤kv{Xo_‘w,

Ae-k-Xz-w ˛ Ae-kX,

ALw ˛ ]m]w

(48)

kp`-K-Xz-a-kvXn-kp-JnXm h\nXm

\r]-em-f\w hnP-b-an-{X-bpXnx

{XnKtZm¤hx kl-P-]p-{X-cpPm

i\n-Zm-b-lm-cnWn iim-¶-kp-tX.

2. i\nZibnse _p[m]lmcw i\n-Zm-b-lm-cnWn iim-¶-kp-tX -˛ i\nZibnse _p[m]lmcØn¬

kp`-K-Xz-w - ˛ kuμcyw,

kp-JnXm h\nXm ˛ kv{XokpJw,

\r]-em-f\w ˛ cmPkt¥mjw

hnP-bw-,

an-{X-bpXn ˛ kplrXv kwKaw,

{XnKtZm¤hx ˛ {XntZm-j-߃,

kl-P- ]p-{X -cpPm ˛ ktlm-Z-c¿°pw ]p{X¿°pw tcmK-߃

(49)

acp-Z-·n-]o-U-\-a-cn-hy-k\w

kpX-Zm-c-hn-{K-l-bp-Xn- -XXw

Aip-`m-h-tem-I-\-a-tl› `bw

arZp-h-’-cm≥ lcXn tIXp-]-Xu. (1)

]mTt`Zw: i\nh’cm≤cXn tIXp]Xu ˛ `mhIpXqlew

3. i\nZibnse tIXpA]lmcw acp-Z-·n-]o-U-\w ˛ hmX-/hmbptcm-Kw,

A·n-`bw,

Acn -hy-k\w ˛ i{Xp-°ƒaqew ZpJw,

kpX- Zm-c- hn-{K-l -˛ a°fpw `mcybp-ambn hg°v,

Aip-` Ah-tem-I-\- ˛ Aip-`-I-c-am-bh ImWpI

a-tl› `bw ˛ k¿∏`bw.

(50)

kplr-Zw-K-\m-X-\b kuJy-bpXnx

Irjn-tXm-b-bm-\-P-\n-Xm¿∞-Nbx

ip`-Io¿Øn-cp-¤-hXn tZl-`rXmw

ba-Zm-b-lm-cnWn `rtKmkvX\-tb.

 352

4. i\nZibnse ip{Im]lmcw ba-Zm-b-lm-cnWn `rtKmkvX\-tb. ˛ i\nZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬

kplr-Xv Aw-K-\m- X-\b kuJy-bpXnx ˛ _‘p-˛`mcy˛-]p{X kpJw,

Irjn -tXm-b-bm-\ -P-\n-X A¿∞-kwNbx Irjn, Pe-bm{X Chaqew kºØv

ip`-Io¿Øn-x- ˛ {]ikvXn.

(51)-

a-c-W-¥p hm cn]p-`bw kXXw

Kpcp-h¿§-cp-KvP-T-c-t\-{X-cpPm

[\-[m-\y-hn-Nyp-Xn-cnl {]`-thXv

chn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn Xo{h-I-tc.

5. i\nZibnse kqcym]lmcw chn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn Xo{h-I-tc. ˛ i\nZibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬

a-c-W-w Xp hm ˛ acWw As√-¶n¬,

cn]p-`bw kXXw ˛ Ft∏mgpw i{Xp-`bw

Kpcp-h¿§ -cp-Kv ˛ Kpcp-P-\-߃°v AkpJw,

P-T-c- t\-{X-cpPm ˛ DZct\{XtcmK߃,

[\ -[m-\y -hn-Nyp-Xn - ˛ [\ [m\y \miw

(52)

h\n-Xm-l-Xn¿a-c-W-tah \rWmw

kplrZmw hn]-Øn-c-Xn-tcm-K-`bw

Pe-hm-XPw `b-a-Xoh `th˛

{Zhn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn cm{Xn-I-tc.

6. i\nZibnse N{μm]lmcw chn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn cm{Xn-I-tc ˛ i\nZibntem N{μm]lmcØn¬

h\n-Xm-l-Xnx ˛ `mcym-a-cWw,

ac-W-tah \rWmw ˛ X\n°p acWw,

kplrZmw hn]-Øn ˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ°v/_-‘p-°ƒ°v B]-Øp-Iƒ,

AXn-tcm-K`bw ˛ henb tcm-K-`-b-w,

Pe-hm-XPw `b-a-Xoh `thXv ˛ PeP\yhpwhmXkw_‘hpamb tcmK߃

(53)

kz]-Z-NypXnx kzP-\-hn-{K-l-cpKv

Pzc-h”nikv{Xhn-j-`o-c-Yhm

Acn-hr-≤n-cm-{¥-P-cp-K-£n-`bw

chn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn `qan-kp-tX.

7. i\nZibnse IpPm]lmcw

chn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn `qan-kp-tX. ˛ i\nZibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬

kz]-Z-NypXn ˛ ÿm\-N-e\w,

kzP-\-hn-{K-l - ˛ _‘p-hn-tcm[w,

cpIv Pzc --h”n ikv{X hn-j- `o-Xn ˛ tcmKw, ]\n, A·n, Bbp-[w, hnjw

 353

Ch-bpsS `bw,

Acn-hr-≤n- ˛ i{Xp-h¿≤\

B-{¥-P-cp-Kv- ˛ B{¥-tcmKw (Hernia), A£n-`bw - ˛ t\{X-tcmKw

(54)

A]-am¿§-bm-\-a-kp-`n¿hn-clw

XzYhm {]ta-l-Kp-cp-Kp-∑-`bw

Pzc-cp-Iv £-Xn-xkXX-tah \rWm˛

akn-Xm-¥cw hniXn t`mKn-]-Xu.

8. i\nZibnse cmlpA]lmcw Akn-Xm-¥cw hniXn t`mKn-]-Xu ˛ i\nZibnse cm]p A]lmcØn¬

A]-am¿§-bm-\w ˛ A]-Y-k-©mcw-,

Akp-`n¿hn-clw ˛ Poh-\m-iw

{]ta-l -Kp-cp-Kp-∑ -`bw ˛ {]ta-lw, Kpcp-X-c-amb Kp∑≥ (Enlargement of spleen) XpSßnb tcmK-ß-ƒ,

Pzc-cp-Iv ˛ ]\n,

£-Xn- ˛ £Xw, apdnhv

(55)

Aa-cm¿®\w(1) ZznP-KWm-`n-cp-Nn¿˛

Krl-]p-{X-Zm-c-hn-lr-XnkvXp `thXv

[\-[m-\y-hr-≤n-c-[nIm ln \rWmw

KX-h-Xy-Ym f ¿°n-h-b-ko-{μ-Kp-cu.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ tZhm¿®\w

9. i\nZibnse KpcpA]lmcw

A¿°n-h-b-ko-{μ-Kp-cu. ˛ i\nA]lmcØn¬ Kpcp A]lmcØn¬

Aa-cm¿®\w ˛ tZh-]qP,

ZznP-Kp-Wm-`n-cp-Nn ˛ {_m“-W-`‡n,

Krl- ]p-{X- Zm-c -hn-l-Xn ˛ hoSv, ]p{X≥, `mcy Chbv°p \miw,

[\- [m-\y -hr-≤n -A[nIm ˛ [\-[m-\y-h¿≤\

7. _p[-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃

(56)

[¿Ω-am¿§-\n-c-Xn-¿hn-]-›nZmw

kwKtam hna-e-[o¿[\w ZznPmXv

hnZybm _lp-bi pJw kZm

N{μtP lcXn h’cw kzIw.

1. _p[-Zibnse kzm]lmcw N{μtP lcXn h’cw kzIw. ˛ _p[Zibnse kzm]lmcØn¬

 354

[¿Ω-am¿§-\n-c-Xn ˛ [m¿Ωn-I-Im-cy-ßfn¬ Xm¬∏cyw,

hn-]-›nXmw kwKtam ˛ hnZzm∑mcpambn kwK-aw.

hna-e-[o ˛ \n¿Ω-e-_p≤n,

[\w ZznPmXv --˛ {_m“-W-cm¬ [\m-Kaw,

hnZybm _lp-bix ˛ hnZy-sIm- v hfsc bi v,

kpJw kZm ˛ Ft∏mgpw kpJw.

(57)

ZpxJ-tim-I-I-e-lm-Ip-eXzXm

Km{X-I-º\aan-{X-kw-bpXnx

t£{X-bm-\-hn-bp-XncyZm `thXv

tkma-kq-\p-i-cZw KXx inJo.

2. _p[-Zibnse tIXp A]lmcw. tkma-kq-\p-i-cZw KXx inJo. ˛ _p[Zibnse tIXp A]lmcØn¬

ZpxJ ˛ ZpJw,

tim-I ˛ timIw,

I-e-l ˛ hg°v

vB-Ip-e-XzXm ˛ `bw

Km{X-I-º\w ˛ icocw hnd-bv°¬

Aan-{X-kw-bpXn ˛ i{Xp°fpambn kwtbmKw,

t£{X- bm-\ hn-bp-Xnx ˛ `qan, hml\w Ch \jvSw.

(58)

tZh-hn-{]-Kp-cp-]q-P-\-{Inbm

Zm\-[¿Ω-]-cXm kZm-Kax

hkv{X-`q-j-W-kp-lr-Zyp-Xn¿`-thXv

t_m[-\m-bpjn kam-lrtX kntX.

3. _p[-Zibnse ip{Im]lmcw. t_m[-\m-bpjn kam-lrtX kntX. ˛ _p[Zibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬

tZh- hn-{] -Kp-cp- ]q-P-\-{Inbm ˛ tZh∑m¿, -{_m-“W¿, Kpcp-P-\-߃

Chsc ]qPn-°¬,

Zm\-[¿Ω-]-cXm ˛ Zm\-[¿Ω-߃,

kZm-Kax ˛ k’wKw,

hkv{X- `q-j-W- kp-lr-ZypXn ˛ hkv{Xw, B`-cWw _‘p-°ƒ Ch-bpsS

h¿≤\.

(59)

tla-hn-{Zp-a-Xpcw-K-hm-c-W˛

{]mhrXw `h-\-a-∂-]m-\-bpIv

`q]-tX-c]n N ]qP\w `thXv

`m\p-am-en\n _p[m-_vZ-Im≥ KtX.

4. _p[-Zibnse kqcym]lmcw `m\p-am-en\n _p[m-_vZ-Im≥ KtX. ˛ _p[Zibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬

 355

tla- ˛ kz¿Æw,

hn-{Zp-a- ˛ ]hngw,

Xpcw-K- ˛ IpXnc,

hm-c-W ˛ B\,

A∂-]m-\-bpIv ˛ Xn∂m\pw IpSn-°\pw th- h.

{]mhrXw `h-\ ˛ Ch kar-≤-amb hoS,v

`q]-tX-x A]n ]qP\w `thXv ˛ cmPm-hp-IqSn am-\n-°pw.

(60)

akvX-I-hy-k-\-a-£n-]o-U\w

IpjvT-Z-{Zp-_-lp-I-WvT-]o-U\w

{]mW-kw-i-b-bp-Xn¿\rWmw `thXv

⁄m\-bpjw {hPXn ioX-Zo-[n-Xu.

5. _p[-Zibnse N{μm]lmcw ⁄m\-bpjw {hPXn ioX-Zo-[n-Xu. ˛ _p[Zibnse N{μm]lmcØn¬

akvX-I-hy-k-\-w ˛ Xe-th-Z\,

A-£n-]o-U\w ˛ t\{X-tcmKw,

IpjvT- ˛ IpjvTw

Z-{Zp-_-lp ˛ h´-s®mdn,

I-WvT-]o-U\w ˛ IWvT-tcm-Kw,

{]mW-kw-i-b-bp-Xn ˛ {]mW-`-bw.

(61)

A·n-`o-Xn-c]n t\{XPm cpPm

tNmcPw `b-a-Xoh ZpxJnXm

ÿm\-lm-\n-cY hmX-tcm-KnXm

⁄mbpjw lcXn taZn-\o-kp-tX.

6. _p[-Zibnse IpPm]lmcw ⁄mbpjw lcXn taZn-\o-kp-tX. ˛ _p[Zibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬

A·n-`o-Xn- ˛ A·n-`bw,

t\{XPm cpPm ˛ t\{X-tcmKw,

tNmcPw `b- ˛ Xkv°-c-`bw

AXoh ZpxJnXm ˛ Xo{h-ZpJw,

ÿm\-lm-cn- ˛ ÿm\-\jvSw,

hmX-tcm-KnXm ˛ hmX-tcmKw

(62)

am\-lm-\n-c-Y-hm f -{i-b-NypXnx

kz£-tbm- f ·n-hn-j-tXm-bPw `bw

akvX-Im-£n-P-T-c-{]-]o-U\w

ioX-c-ivan-P-Zimw KtX f kp-tc.

 356

7. _p[-Zibnse cmlpA]lmcw ioX-c-ivan-P-Zimw KtX Akp-tc. ˛ _p[Zibnse cmlp A]lmcØn¬

am\-lm-\n ˛ am\-lm\n-

B{i-b-NypXnx ˛ B{i-b-an-√m-Xm-hpI,

kz£-tbm- ˛ kzØp-\m-iw

A·n- hn-j -tXm-bPw `bw ˛ A·n, hnjw, Pew Ch- Imc-W-ambp-- m

- Ip∂ `bw,

akvX-I A-£n- P-T-c -{]-]o-U\w ˛ inc v,IÆv,hb¿ Ch-bv°p tcmK-]o-U-Iƒ-.

(63)

hym[n-i-{Xp-`-b-hn-Nyp-Xn¿`-thXv

{_“-kn-≤n-c-h-\o-i-k¬°rXnx

[¿Ω-kn-≤(1)X-]kmw kap-ZvKtam

tZh-a-{¥nWo hntZm Zimw KtX.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ [¿Ω-kn≤n

8. _p[-Zibnse hymgm]lmcw tZh-a-{¥nWo hntZm Zimw KtX. ˛ _p[Zibnse hymgm]lmcØn¬

hym[n -i-{Xp- `-b- hn-Nyp-Xn¿`-thXv ˛ tcmKw, i{Xp,-`bw Ch-bn-√m-Xmhpw,

{_“-kn-≤n- ˛ {_“-⁄m\kn≤n,

A-h-\o-i-k¬°rXnx ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w,

[¿Ω-kn-≤X-]kmw kap-ZvKtam ˛ [¿Ω-h¿≤-\-bm¬ Xt]m-hrØn

Bcw-`n-°p-w

(64)

A¿∞-[¿Ω-]-cn-ep-]vXn-cp-®ssIx

k¿h-Im-cy-hn-^-e-Xz-aw-Kn\mw

t«jva-hm-X-P-\n-tXm-cp-cp-Kv`thm

t_m[-\m-bpjn kam-lr-tX f -kn-tX.

9. _p[-Zibnse i\n A]lmcw

t_m[-\m-bpjn kam-lr-tX f -kn-tX. ˛ _p[Zibnse i\n A]lmcØn¬

A¿∞- [¿Ω- ]-cn-ep-]vXn D-®ssIx ˛ A¿∞w, [¿Ωw Ch \jvS-amIpw,

k¿h-Im-cy-hn-^-e-Xzw- ˛ F√m Imcy-ß-fnepw ]cm-Pbw

t«jva- hm-X-P-\n-X cp-Kv`thm ˛ I^-hmXkw_-‘n-I-fmb tcmK-߃.

9. tIXp-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃

(65)

cn]p-P-\-I-elw kplr-Zzn-tcm-[˛

kvXzip`hNx {ihWw Pzcmw-KZmlw

Ka-\-a-]-c-[mav\n hnØ-\miw

inJn\n et`X Zimw KtX kzIobmw.

 357

1. tIXpZibnse kzm]lmcw inJn\n et`X Zimw KtX kzIobmw. ˛ tIXpZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬

cn]p-P-\-I-elw ˛ i{Xp-°-fp-ambn hg°v,

kplr-Zzn-tcm-[kvXp ˛ _‘p-hn-tcm[w,

Aip`hNx {ihWw ˛ Aip-`-hm¿Ø-Iƒ tIƒ°pI,

Pzcmw-KZmlw ˛ ]\nbpw Np´p\odepw

Ka-\w A-]-c-[mav\n ˛ A\y-Kr-l-hmkw,

hnØ-\miw ˛ [\-\jvSw.

(66)

ZznP-h-c-I-elw kv{Xnbm hntcm[w

kzIp-e-P-ss\-c]n I\y-Im-{]-kqXnx

]cn-`-h-P-\\w ]tcm-]-Xmt]m

`hXn kntX inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-tf.

2. tIXpZibnse ip{Im]lmcw `hXn kntX inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-tf. ˛ tIXpZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬

ZznP-h-c-I-elw ˛ {_m“-W-Ielw

kv{Xnbm hntcm[w ˛ `mcym-hntcm[w

kzIp-e-P-ss\-c]n ˛ kzP\hntcm[w

I\y-Im-{]-kqXnx ˛ ]p{XoP\\w,

]cn-`-h-P-\\w ˛ ]cn-`hw,

]tcm-]-Xmt]m ˛ a‰p-≈-h¿°p ZpJap- m°p∂

Imcy߃ sNøpI.

(67)

Kpcp-P-\--a-cWw Pzcm-h-Xmcx

kzP-\-hn-tcm-[-hn-tZ-i-bm-\-em`w

\r]-`bIelw(1) I^m-\n-em¿Øn¿˛

hniXn chu inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-fw.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ \r]-Ir-X-I-elw

3. tIXpZibnse kqcym]lmcw chu inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-fw. ˛ tIXpZibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬

Kpcp-P-\-\-a-cWw ˛ Kpcp-P-\-ß-fpsS acWw,

Pzcm-h-Xmcx ˛ ]\n,

kzP-\-hn-tcm-[-w,

hn-tZ-i-bm-\-em`w ˛ hntZ-i-bm{XsIm-- p- [\em`w

\r]-`b ˛ cmP`bw

Ielw ˛ hntcm[w,

I^m-\n-em¿Øn ˛ I^-hm-X-tcm-K-߃

(68)

kpe-`-_-lp-[\w XssY-h- lm\nx

kpX-hn-ctlm _lp-Zpx-J-`mIv {]kqXnx

 358

]cn-P-\-bp-hXn{]Pm-{]-em]x (1)

iin-\n bZm inJn-Zm-b-a-`yp-t]tX.

4. tIXpZibnse N{μm]lmcw iin-\n inJn-Zm-b-a-`yp-t]tX ˛ tIXpZibnse N{μm]lmcØn¬

kpe-`-_-lp-[\w ˛ {]bm-k-s∏-SmsX Xs∂ hfsc [\w-

e`n-°pw.,

XssY-h- lm\nx ˛ hcp∂ Ffp-∏-Øn¬Xs∂ Ah

t]mIp-Ibpw sNøpw.

kpX-hn-ctlm ˛ ]p{X-hn-clw,

_lp-Zpx-J-`mIv {]kqXnx ˛ hfsc ZpJ-ap-- m-°p∂ a°-fpsS P\\w,

]cn-P-\ -bp-hXn {]Pm- {]-em] ˛ `rXy¿°pw `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw ZpJw

.

(69)

kzIpeP-I-elw kz_-‘p-\mtim

`b-a]n ]∂-KPw hZ¥n tNmcmXv

lpX-h-l-`-b-a{Xi{Xp]oUm

{hPXn IptP [zP-\m-a-tJ-N-cm-bpx.

5. tIXpZibnse IpPm]lmcw {hPXn IptP [zP-\m-a-tJ-N-cm-bpx. ˛ tIXpZibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬

kzP-\-I-elw - ˛ kz¥-°m-cp-ambn hg°v,

kz_-‘p-\mtim ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°p \miw,

`b-a]n ]∂-KPw hZ¥n tNmcm¬ ˛ k¿∏-`-bw, XkvI-c-`bw,

lpX-h-l-`-b- ˛ A·n-`bw,

i{Xp-]oUm ˛ i{Xp-°-fpsS D]-{Zhw

(70)

Acn-KXI-etlm \r]m-·n-tNm-ssc¿˛

`b-a]n ]∂-KPw hZ¥n X⁄mx

Je-P-\-h-N\w Zpcn-jvS-tNjvSm

Xakn KtX f {X inJo-{μ-Zm-b-am-lpx.

6. tIXpZibnse cmlp A]lmcw Xakn KtX A{X inJo-{μ-Zm-b-am-lpx. ˛ tIXpZibnse cmlp A]lmcØn¬

Acn-K-X-I-etlm ˛ i{Xp-°fp-ambn hg°v,

\r] A-·n -tNm-sscx ]∂-KPw `bw- ˛ cmPm-hv, Xo, I≈-∑m¿, k¿∏-߃

Ch-cn¬-\n∂p `bw,

Je-P-\-h-N\w ˛ Zp¿÷-\-ß-fp-ambn hmKzmZw,

Zpcn-jvS-tNjvSm ˛ CjvS-a-√-Ø {]h¿ØnIƒ

(71)

kpX-h-c-P-\\w kptc-{μ-]qPm

[c-Wn-[-\m-]vXn-cp-]m-b-\m-¿-∞-kn≤nx

 359

[\-NbP\\w alo-i-am\w

KX-hXn tZh-Kpcu ioJo-{μ-Zm-bw.

7. tIXpZibnse hymgm]lmcw tZh-Kpcu ioJo-{μ-Zm-bw. ˛ tIXpZibnse hymgm]lmcØn¬

kpX-h-c-P-\\w ˛ kXv]p-{X-em`w,

kptc-{μ-]qPm ˛ tZh-]qP,

[c-Wn- [-\ B]vXn ˛ `qan, [\w F∂nh D- mIpw

D-]m-b-\m-¿-∞-kn≤nx ˛ ImgvN-{Z-hy-߃ e`n-°pw

alo-i-am\w ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w.kn≤n°pw.

(72)

- ]cn-P-\-hn-lXnx ]tcm-]-Xm]w

cn]p-P-\-hn-{K-l-aw-K-`w-KXmw N

[\-]-Z-hn-bpXnw XYm-lp-cmcym

KX-hXn kqcy-kptX inJm-[-cm-bpx.

8. tIXpZibnse i\nA]lmcw kqcy-kptX inJm-[-cm-bpx. ˛ tIXpZibnse i\nA]lmcØn¬

]cn-P-\-hn-lXnx ˛ `rXy-\miw

]tcm-]-Xm]w ˛ henb ZpJ߃

cn]p -P-\ -hn-{K-lw- ˛ i{Xp-°-fp-ambn hg°v

Aw-K-`w-KXmw ˛ AwK-`wKw,

[\ -]-Z-hn- bpXnw ˛ [\w, ÿm\w ChbpsS- \miw

(73)

kpX-h-c-P-\\w {]`p-{]-ikvXnx

£nXn-[-\-kn-≤n-c-co-iz-c-{]-]oUm

]ip-Ir-jn-hn-l-Xn¿`-thØp ]pwkmw

hniXn _pt[ inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-fw.

9. tIXpZibnse _p[m]lmcw _pt[ inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-fw. ˛ tIXpZibnse _p[m]lmcØn¬

kpX-h-c-P-\\w ˛ kXv]p-{X-P-\\w,

{]`p-{]-ikvXnx ˛ {]`p-°-∑mcpsS AwKo-Imcw,

£nXn- [-\- kn-≤n ˛ `qan,- [-\-em`w,

A-co-iz-c -{]-]oUm ˛ i{Xp-ieyw,

]ip -Ir-jn -hn-l-Xnx ˛ ]ip-°ƒ, Irjn Chbv°p \miw.

 360

9. ip{I-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃

(74)

hk-\-`q-j-W-hm-l-\-N-μ-\m˛

Zy\p-`hx {]a-Zm-kp-J-kw-]Zx

ZypXn-bp-h(c]n)-£n-Xn-]m-≤-\-e-_v[tbm

`rKp-kptX kzZimw {]hn-iXy-]n.

1. ip{IZibn¬ kzm]lmcw `rKp-kptX kzZimw {]hn-iXn ˛ ip{IZibn¬ kzm]lmcØn¬

hk-\ -`q-j-W -hm-l-\ -N-μ-\mZn A\p-`h ˛ hkv{Xw, B`-c-Ww, hml-\w, Nμ\mZn

hmk\{Zhy߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS A\p-`hw,

{]a-Zm-kp-Jw- ˛ kv{XokpJw

kw-]Zx ˛ kºØv,

ZypXn ˛ tZl-Im¥n,

bp-h-£n-Xn-]m-Xv [-\-e-_v[tbm ˛ bph-cm-Pm-hn¬\n∂pw [\-e_v[n

(75)

\b-\-Ip-£n-I-t]m-e-K-tZm-¤hx

£nXn-]-`o› kZm f ]n(1) ico-cnWmw

Kpcp-Ip-tem-¤-h-_m-‘-h-]o-U\w

`rKp-kp-Xm-bpjn `m\p-aXn ÿntX.

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ £nXn-`rtXm `b-akvXn

2. ip{IZibn¬ kqcym]lmcw `rKp-kp-Xm-bpjn `m\p-aXn ÿntX. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ kqcym]lmcØn¬

\b-\- Ip-£n -I-t]m-e -K-Z D-¤hx ˛ t\{Xw, DZ-cw, Ihnƒ Ch-bv°-kpJw,

£nXn-] -`ox ˛ cmP-`-bw

Kpcp- Ip-e D-¤-h- _m-‘-h- ]o-U\w ˛ Kpcp-P-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw _‘p-°-fn¬\n∂pw

D]-{Zhw

(76)

\J-in-tcm-cZ-\-£-Xn-cp-®ssIx

]h-\-]n-Ø-cp-K¿∞-hn-\m-i\w

{Kl-Wn-Kp-eva-I-b-£va-I-]o-U\w

knX-h-tbm-lrXn X{X lna-Xz-jn.

3 ip{IZibn¬ N{μm]lmcw knX-h-tbm-lrXn lna-Xz-jn. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ N{μm]lmcØn¬

\J -in-c cZ-\- £-Xn-x D®ssIx ˛ \Jw, inc- v, ]√v Chbv°p \miw,

]h-\ -]n-Ø- cp-Kv ˛ hmX]nØ-tcm-K-߃,

A¿∞-hn-\m-i\w ˛ [\-\jvSw,

{Kl-Wn- Kp-eva-I -b-£va-I -]o-U\w ˛ {KlWn, Kp∑≥, £bw Ch-bpsS ieyw.

(77)

 361

cp[n-c-]n-Ø-K-Zm¿Øn-k-am-{ibx

I\-I-Xm-{a-N-tbm f h-\n-kw-{Klx

bph-Xn-Zq-j-W-ap-Zy-a-hn-Nyp-Xn¿˛

hrj-`-h-√-`-h-’-ctK IptP.

4. ip{IZibn¬ IpPm]lmcw hrj-`-h-√-`-h-’-ctK IptP. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ IpPm]lmcØn¬

cp[n-c- ]n-Ø -K-Z B¿Øn -k-am-{ibx ˛ c‡ ]nØ tcmK߃

I\-I- Xm-{a -N-tbm Ah-\n-kw-{Klw ˛ kz¿Æw, sNºv, `qan Ch-bpsS kºm-Z\w,

bph-Xn-Zq-j-Ww - ˛ kv{XoIsf Zpjn-°¬

(AhnlnX_‘w )

D-Zy-a-hn-Nyp-Xn ˛ {ia-ß-sf√mw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I.

(78)

\n[n-`-h- p-X-e-_v[n-c-`o-jvS-hmIv

kzP-\-]q-P-\-a-]y-cn-_-‘\w

Zl-\-tNm-c-hn-tjm-¤h ]oU\w

Xpe-[-tc-izc h’-c-tK- f kptc.

5. ip{IZibn¬ cmlpA]lmcw Xpe-[-tc-izc h’-c-tK- Akptc. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ cmlpA]lmcØn¬

\n[n-`-h ˛ \n[nem`w,

kp-X-e-_v[n- ˛ ]p{X-P\\w,

A`o-jvS-hmIv ˛ CjvS-hm-°p-Iƒ,

kzP-\ -]q-P-\w -A-]n ˛ kz¥-°m¿ IqSn _lp-am-\n-°pw.,

A-cn-_-‘\w ˛ i{Xp-°sf Xfbv°pw

Zl-\ -tNm-c -hn-j D¤h ]oU\w ˛ Xo, I≈-∑m¿, hnjw ChbpsS D]-{Zhw

(79)

hnhn-[-[¿Ω-kp-tci \a-kv{Inbm

`hXn Nmfl-P-hm-a-Zr-Km-Kax

hnhn-[-cm-Py-kpJw N ico-cnWmw

Ihn-Z-im-lrXn Im¿Ωp-I-\m-b-tI.

6. ip{IZibn¬ hymgm]lmcw Ihn-Z-im-lrXn Im¿Ωp-I-\m-b-tI. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ hymgm]lmcØn¬

hnhn-[- [¿Ω ˛ ]e-hn[ [m¿ΩnI {]h¿Øn-Iƒ,

kp-tci \a-kv{Inbm ˛ tZh-]qP,

Bfl-P- hm-a-Zr-Iv BKax ˛ hnhm-lw,- ]p-{X-P-\\w,

hnhn-[ -cm-Py -kpJw ˛ cmPy-m[nIm-c-a-S°w ]e- kpJ-t`m-K-ßfpw

e`n°pw.

(80)

\K-c-\m-Y-\r-t]m-¤-h-]q-P\w

{]h-c-tbm-jn-Z-hm-]vXn-c-YmkvXn hm

 362

hnhn-[-hn-Ø-]-cn-—-Z-kw-bp-Xn¿˛

±nXn-P-]q-Pn-X-Zm-b-KtX i\u.

7. ip{IZibn¬ i\nA]lmcw ±nXn-P-]q-Pn-X-Zm-b-KtX i\u. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ i\nA]lmcØn¬

\K-c-\m-Y- \r-] D-¤-h -]q-P\w ˛ \K-cm-[n-]≥, cmPmhv XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS BZ-chv,

{]h-c -tbm-jn-X -Ahm-]vXn- ˛ kZvKp-W-h-Xn-bmb `mcysb In´pw,

hnhn-[- hn-Ø -]-cn-—-Z -kw-bp-Xnx ˛ [\hpw a‰p kpJkuIcyßfpw D- mIpw.

(81)-

X\-b-ku-Jy-k-am-K-a-k-ºZmw

\nN-b-e-_v[n-c-Xn-{]-`pXm bix

]h-\-]n-Ø-I-^m¿Øn-c-cn-Nyp-Xn¿˛

±\p-P-a-{¥n-Z-im-lrXn N{μ-tP.

8. ip{IZibn¬ _p[m]lmcw ±\p-P-a-{¥n-Z-im-lrXn N{μ-tP. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ _p[m]lmcØn¬

X\-b- ku-Jy- ˛ ]p{X-kpJw,

k-am-K-a -k-ºZmw ˛ kmº-ØnIm`nhr≤n

A-Xn-{]-`pXm ˛ {]`pXzw,

bix ˛ bi v

v]h-\ -]n-Ø -I-^ B¿Øn ˛ hmX ]nØ I^ {]iv\-߃,

Acn-Nyp-Xn ˛ i{Xp-\miw.

(82)

kpJ-kp-Xm-Zn-_-lnx-ÿn-Xn-a-·nPw

`b-a-Xo-h-X-cm-]-Z-aw-K-cpIv

A]nN hmc-h-[q-P-\-kw-bp-Xnw

inJn\n bmXy-e-au-i-\kow Zimw.

9. ip{IZibn¬ tIXpA]lmcw inJn\n bmXn --Di-\kow Zimw. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ tIXpA]lmcØn¬

kpJ- kp-X B-Zn- _-lnx-ÿn-Xn ˛ kpJw, ]p{X-≥ Ch C√mXmhpI,

A-·nPw `b-w ˛ A·n`bw,

AXo-h -X-c B-]-Z- ˛ henb B]-Øp-Iƒ,

Aw-K-cpIv ˛ imco-cn-Im-kzm-ÿy-߃,

hmc-h-[q-P-\ -kw-bp-Xn ˛ thiymkw-k¿§w.

 363

Zim^e{]hN\Øn¬

{i≤nt°- Imcy߃

(83)

Zim-]-lm-tcjp ^ew bZp‡w

h¿Æm-[n-Im-cm-\p-KpWw hZ¥p

Ont{Zjp kq£vta-jz]n XXv^-em-]vXn¿˛

NvOmbm-¶-hm¿Øm-{i-h-Wm\n hm kypx.

Zim-]-lm-tcjp ^ew bZp‡w ˛ Zim-]-lm-c-ß-fn¬ F¥p ^e-amtWm

D‡ambn´p≈Xv,

B ^e-w Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-tSbpw,

h¿Æ A[n-Im-c A-\p-KpWw hZ¥p ˛ h¿Æw (PmXn), sXmgn¬, KpWw ChIqSn

A\p-k-cn®p ]d-b-Ww.

Ont{Zjp kq£vta-jz]n XXv -em-]vXnx . ˛ On{Zw, kq£vaw Ch-I-fnse

^e{]m]vXnbv°p

Ombm-¶-hm¿Øm-{i-h-Wm\n hm kypx ˛ Omb, AS-bm-fw, hm¿Øm{ihWw Chbpw

]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.

sIm√Øp\n∂pw Fkv. ‰n. sdUym¿ B≥Uv k¨kv {]kn≤oIcn® `mh IpXq

lew Fs∂mcp {KŸap- v. A]lmc^e߃ hnhcn°p∂ Cu 81 t«mIßfpw

AXn¬ CtX ]Sn ImWp∂p- v.

364 

A≤ymbw 22 Bbp¿±mbZiIƒ

1. ImeN{IZi 1. ImeN{IZi

2. ImeN{IZi ImWp∂ hn[w

3. \£{X]mZßfn¬ cminIfpsS hn\ymkw

4. khyA]khy\£{X߃

5. ImeN{IZibn¬ {KlßfpsS Zimh¿jw

6. Zim{Iaw

(1) AizXn˛Im¿ØnI KW߃

(2) `cWn KWw

(3) tcmlnWn KWw

(4) aIbncw˛XncphmXnc KW߃

7 ImeN{IZibv°v ASnÿm\amb \mep \£{XKW߃

8. injvSZi ImWp∂ hn[w

9 Zim{IaØnse Nne {]tXyIKXnIƒ

(1) knwlmhtemI\KXn

(2, 3) Aizhc˛afiqI KXnIƒ

10. A]lmc߃ ImWp∂ coXn

11. \£{X]mZ ]cambp v

12. Zim^ew

2. DXv]∂ B[m\ almZiIƒ

3. \nk¿§Zi

4. AwiIZi 1. AwiIZi ImWp∂ hn[w

2. AwiIZi -˛ KWnXw

3. h{IØnepw D®Ønepw a‰pw \n¬ --°p∂ {KlßfpsS

Zimh¿j

Øn¬ hcp∂ h¿≤\

4. \oNauVylcWw

5. Zriym¿≤lcWw

 365

6. i{Xpt£{XlcWw

7. e·mbp v

5. ]nfiZi ( D®\oNZi) 1. ]nfiZimh¿j߃

2. lcW߃

3. {IqtcmZblcWw

4. e·Zi

5. \oNlcWw hy‡am°p∂p

6. A`n{]mbw

6. Pohi¿ΩZi

7. ]pcpjmbp v F{X?

8. Zim{Iaw

9. Cu ZiIƒ Nn¥nt°- sXt∏mƒ

10. ]cambp v

11. ]cambp v B¿°p In´pw ?

1. ImeN{IZi

tlmcmimkv{XØnse Ggma≤ymbw Bbp¿±mbsØ°pdn®p≈XmWv. D®\oNZi,

Pohi¿ΩobZi, AwiIZi F∂o aq∂v Bbp¿±mbZiIƒ AhnsS hnhcn°p∂p- v.

^eZo]nI Ccp]Ønc- mw A≤ymbØnepw Cu hnjbamWv ssIImcyw

sNøp∂Xv. ImeN{IZi (t«mIw 1˛15), D¬∏∂mZm\almZiIƒ (t«mIw 16), \nk¿§

Zi (17), AwiIZi (t«mIw 18˛20), D®\oNZi (t«mIw 21˛24), Pohi¿ΩobZi

(t«mIw 25) F∂nßs\ Bdp ZiIfmWv ChnsS Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ hnhcn°p∂Xv.

Chbn¬ ImeN{IZibmWv {]XyI]cnKW\tbmsS BZyw hnhcn°p∂Xv. tIcfØnse

PmXIßfn¬ ASpØ Imewhsc hnwtimØcn°papºv ImeN{IZi FgpXp∂ ]Xnhp

- mbncp∂p.

1. ImeN{IZi

hnwtimØcnZibnset∏mse ImeN{IZibnepw ZiIƒ IW°m°p∂Xv

\£{Xßsf ASnÿm\am°nbmWv. F∂m¬ hnwtimØcnbn¬ N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂

\£{XamWv BZyZibpw injvSZibpw \n›bn°p∂sX¶n¬ ImeN{IZibn¬

Chbv°Snÿm\w N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ \£{X]mZamWv.

cmiym[n]cmWv ImeN{IZibnse Zim\mY∑m¿. taSØn\p IpP≥, CShØn\p

ip{I≥, anYp\Øn\p _p[≥ F∂ {IaØn¬ --Xs∂bmWv CXp hcp∂Xv.

 366

^eZo]nI sIm√w]Xn∏n¬ ImeN{IZisb°pdn®p ]Øp t«mIßtf ImWp∂p

≈q. DØtc¥y≥ ]Xn∏pIfn¬ ]Xn\©p t«mIßfp- v; sImSpß√p¿ ]Xn∏n¬

]Xnt\gp t«mIßfpw. .Cu hnjbØn¬ PmXI]mcnPmXØn¬ ^e`mKhpw hniZmwi

ßfpw AS°w 112 t«mIßfp- v. Cu A≤ymbØnse hnjbw Bbp¿KWnXambXn

\m¬ AXn\v Bhiyamb KWnX`mKw am{Xta ^eZo]nIbpsS I¿Ømhv ChnsS hnhcn

°p∂p≈q.

2 ImeN{IZi ImWp∂ hn[w: : 1. BZyambn P\\kabsØ \£{X]mZw ImWpI.

2. \£{X]mZwsh®v P\\kabsØ cminZi ImWpI.

cmin\mY≥Xs∂bmWv Zim\mY≥.

144 ZiIfn¬ GXp ZibnemWv P\\w hcp∂sX∂p ImWm≥ 3 apX¬ -- 7 hsc

t«mIßfn¬ -- Bhiyamb hnhc߃ Xcp∂p- v. CXpsh®vv GXp cminZibn¬ BWv

P\\sa∂pw Zimh¿jw F{XbmsW∂pw Ffp∏Øn¬ Is- Ømw.

(1)

Z{kmZnXx ]mZhti\ tajm˛

∑o\mwiIm¥w {Iatim f ]khyw (1)

IoSm≤bm¥w KWtb® khy˛

am¿tKW(2) ]mZ{Iatim f PXmcm¬.

]mTt`Zw : (1) {IatimY Z£X 4

(2) hmaam¿t§W 4

3. \£{X]mZßfn¬ cminZiIfpsS hn\ymkw

( tajmXv ao\mwiIm¥hpw IoSm≤bm¥hpw )

1. A]khyw ˛ A]khyamb

Z{kmZnXx ˛ AizXn apXemb \£{XßfpsS

(AizXn, `mcWn, Im¿ØnI KWßfpsS)

]mZhti\ ˛ ]mZ߃°\pkrXambn.

tajmXv ao\mwiIm¥w {Iaix taSw apX¬ ao\whscbp≈ cminIƒ

{IaØnepw

IoSm≤bm¥w ˛ hr›nIwapX¬°p [\phscbp≈ cminIƒ

]ndtIm´pw F∂ {IaØn¬

KWtbXv N ˛ ZiIƒ KWn°Ww.

2. khyam¿tKW ˛ khyamb

APXmcm¬ ˛ tcmlnWnapXemb \£{XßfpsS ImcyØnepw

(tcmlnWn, aIbncw, XncphmXnc KW߃)

. ]mZ{Iatim - ˛ -----Cßs\ ]mZ{IaØn¬ ZiIƒ KWn°Ww.

(AhnsScminIfpsS{Iaw CXn\p hn]coXamWv.)

 367

Hcp \£{XØn\v \mep ]mZ߃. Hcp ]mZØn\v HºXp ZiIƒ. CXp {]Imcw

Hcp \£{XØn\v 36 ZiIƒ hcpw. 36 ZiIƒ h´saØm≥ ]{¥- p cminIƒ aq∂p

h´w Bh¿Øn®p hcWw. CXn¬ BZysØ ]{¥s- Æw taSw apX¬ ao\w hsc

F∂p km[mcW{IaØnepw ]ns∂ ]{¥s- Æw hr›nIw apX¬ -- [\phsc F∂p

hn]coX {IaØnepw ASpØ ]{¥s- Æw taSwapX¬ ao\whsc F∂ km[mcW

{IaØnepw Bh¿Øn®phcpw.

(CXp hy‡ambn a\ nemIm≥ t«mI߃ 5˛9 IqSn ImWWw).

4. A]khy khy\£{X߃

( Z{kmZnX.....APXmcmXv )

A]khyw (heXv) khyw (CSXv) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

1. AizXn 2. `cWn 3. Im¿ØnI 4.tcmlnWn 5.aIbncw 6.XncphmXnc

7. ]pW¿Xw 8. ]qbw 9. Bbneyw 10. aIw 11. ]qcw 12. D{Xw

13. AØw 14. Nn{X 15. tNmXn 16. hnimJw 17.A\ngw 18. Xrt°´

19. aqew 20. ]qcmSw 21. D{XmSw 22.Xn.thmWw 23. Ahn´w 24. NXbw

25. ]qcqcp´mXn 26. D{X´mXn 27. tchXn

(2)

Ghw `qbm®m]khyw N khyw

`m\n {XoWn ({XoWn) hnZymXv{ItaW

X{Zmioit{]m‡h¿ssj¿Zim kym˛

tZhw {]mlpx ImeNt{I alm¥x.

Ghw `qbmXv N A]khyw N khyw ... ˛ C{]Imcw A]khyhpw khyhpamb

\£{X߃

`m\n {XoWn ({XoWn) hnZymXv{ItaW... (ta¬∏d™Xpt]mse) apΩq∂p hoXap≈

\£{XKWßfmIp∂p

XXv cmioi t{]m‡ h¿ssj Zim kymXv˛(AhbpsS ]mZ߃°\pkcn®p hcp∂)

AhbpsS Zimh¿j߃.

apIfn¬ ]d™ Bdp \£{XKWfn¬ AizXn, `cWn, Im¿ØnIbpw Ahbv°p

Xmsgbp≈hbpw Hcp hn`mKhpw (A]khyw) tcmlnWn, aIbncw, XncphmXncbpw

Ahbv°p Xmsgbp≈hbpw as‰mcp hn`mKhpw (khyw) BWv. F∂m¬,

\£{XKW߃ BsdÆaps- ¶nepw ImeN{IZibn¬ AizXn, `cWn, tcmlnWn,

aIbncw F∂nßs\ \mep KW߃t° cminZimhn\ymkw hcp∂p≈p. (C°mcyw

t«mIw Ggn¬ hy‡am°p∂p- v.) AXpsIm- v, Hcp \£{XØn\v \mep ]mZ߃

sh®v 27 \£{X߃°v 108 ]mZßfps- ¶nepw ChnsS ZibpsS ImcyØn¬ 4 KWw $

4 ]mZw = 16 ]mZßtf ]cnKWn°p∂p≈p. F∂m¬ Cu 16 ]mZ߃°pw HºXphoXw

{KlßfpsS Zi hcp∂p- v. AXns‚ {Iahpw {KlßfpsS Zimh¿jhpamWv C\n

]dbp∂Xv.

 368

(3)

a\px ]cx k\n¿[\n¿\r]kvXt]m ht\ {IamXv

ZnhmIcmZn h’cmx ip`mip`m]vXntlXhx.

5. ImeN{IZibn¬ {KlßfpsS Zimh¿j߃

cmin Nnßw I¿°Sw taSw& anYp\w& [\p& CShw& aIcw&

hr›nIw I∂n ao\w Xpemw Ipw`w

cmiym[n] c N Ip _p Kp ip a

a\p ]c k\n [\n \r] X] h\

50 12 70 09 01 61 40

5 21 7 9 10 16 4

{IamXv ˛ Cßs\ {IaØn¬ --

ZnhmIcmZn h’cmx ˛ kqcy≥ XpSßnbhcpsS Zimh¿jw

BIp∂p.

ip`mip`m]vXntlXhx ˛ (Ah)ip`hpw Aip`hpw Bb ^e߃°v

tlXphmIp∂p.

(IS-]-bmZn A£-c-kwJy A\p_‘ambn sISpØn´p- v.)

(4)

Zim]lmcmZnIImeNt{I

hmIym\n Z{kmZn]ZmZnPm\n

h£yman h¿ssÆ¿∂h`n¿`amss\˛

cmioih¿ssjx ]cambpc{X.

Z{kmZn ]ZmZnPm\n ˛ AizXn apXemb \£{XßfpsS

]mZßfpsS.

Zim]lmcmZnI cminNt{I ˛ ImeN{IZibnse ZiIfpw A]lmcßfpw.

hmIym\n ˛ hm°pIfn¬,

h¿ssÆ \h`nx ˛ HºXp h¿Æßfn¬, A£ckwJyIfn¬.

h£yman ˛ Rm≥ ]dbp∂p.

AizXn XpSßnb \£{XßfpsS ]mZ߃°v \n›bn®n´p≈ HºXp hoXap≈

cminIsf IS]bmZn A£ckwJyIfn¬ hnhcn°p∂p.

\mep \£{XKW߃. Hmtcm∂n\pw \mep ]mZ߃. Hcp ]mZØns‚

Iogn¬ 9 cminIƒ. AXmbXv Hcp \£{XKWØn\v BsI 36 cminIƒ thWw. CXp

icnbm°m≥ taSwapX¬°v ao\whscbp≈ ]{¥- p cminIƒ aq∂ph´w Bh¿Øn®p

hcWw. Cu Bh¿Ø\w c- p hn[ØnemWv. BZyw taSwapX¬ ao\w hsc {IaØn¬.

]n∂oSv hr›nIw apX¬ [\phsc ]ndtIm´v. (cminIƒ : 1 ˛ taSw, 2 CShw F∂

{IaØn¬)

 369

(5)

]ucw Kmthm anX kwZnKv[w \£t{Xμpx k Xp `qiqew

cqt]{X£∂n[tbmcwtK hmWo Nÿw Z[n\£{X

(6)

ZmkXthtim Kuco]p{Xw £∂n[nImtcm tKm`qtijw

kuZ[n\£t{Xlmkt¥m `uaKpcpx ]p{Xmt£m\m[n.

6. \£{X{Kq∏pIfpsS ImeN{IZim{Iaw A£ckwJyIfn¬ --

(1, 2) AizXn , Im¿ØnI KW߃ ]u cw Km thm an X kw Zn Kv[w

]mZw 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

\ £ t{X μp k Xp `q iq ew

]mZw 2 10 11 12 8 7 6 4* 5 3

cq t] {X £ ∂n [ tbm cw tK

]mZw 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 1 2 3

hm Wo N ÿw Z [n \ £ {Xw

]mZw 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

(3) `cWn KWw Zm k X th tim Ku co ]p {X

]mZw 1 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1 12

£ ∂n [n Im tcm tKm `q ti jw

]mZw 2 11 10 9 1 2 3 4 5 6

k Z [n \ £ t{X lm k t¥m

]mZw 3 7 8 9 10 11 12 8 7 6 `u a Kp cp ]p {Xm t£m \m [n.

]mZw 4 4 5 3 2 1 12 11 10 9

(7)

hmIymt\yXm\yiznbmay¿£tbm¿tbm˛

\yizn\ymZym\y·n`kym]kthy

kthyftPtμzm¿h£yamtWjp hmtIy˛

jzntμm¿hmIymt\yh cu{Zky `qbx.

1hmIym\n GXm\n ˛ Cu hmIy߃.

Aizn bman E£tbm ˛ AizXn, `cWn \£{XßfpsS

(AizXn˛`cWn {Kq∏pIfpsS) \mep ]mZßfpsS cminIƒ (Zim{Iaw) BIp∂p.

 370

Aizn\ymZym\n A·n`ky A]kthy

˛ A]khy\£{Xßfn¬AizXn XpSßnbhbpsS (AizXn{Kq∏ns‚)hmIy

߃ Xs∂bmWv Im¿ØnI {Kq∏nt‚Xpw.

kthy AtPtμzm

˛ khy\£{Xßfn¬ tcmlnWn, aIbnc \£{X߃°p (tcmlnWn˛aIbnc

{Kq∏pIƒ°p)

h£yamtWjp hmtIyjp ˛ C\n ]dbm≥ t]mIp∂ hmIyßfn¬

Ctμm hmIym\n Gh ˛ aIbncØns‚ hmIy߃Xs∂

cu{Zky `pb ˛ XncphmXncbv°pw hcp∂p.

tcmlnWn, aIbncw {Kq∏pIfpsS ]mZßfpsS cminIƒ Xmsg ]dbp∂p.. CXn¬

aIbncw{Kq∏n\pw XncphmXnc{Kq∏n\pw Htc hmIy߃Xs∂bmIp∂p.

(8)

t[\px t£t{X ]pctKm ip`p˛

kvXmkmw P{Xp £∂n[n Zmko

N¿amt`mKo cmb[n\m£˛

kv{Xn ]ucmwtKm inhXo¿∞m_vtP.

(4) tcmlnWn KWw t[ \px t£ t{X ]p c tKm iw `p

]mZw 1 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 5 4

kvXm kmw P {Xp £ ∂n [n Zm ko

]mZw 2 6 7 8 12 11 10 9 8 7

N¿ am t`m Ko cm b [n \m £

]mZw 3 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 10 11

kv{Xn ]u cmw tKm in h Xo¿ ∞m _vtP.

]mZw 4 12 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8

(9)

{X£\n[n¿Zm kqNoiwt`m

Kucb[o \£{Xw ]mcw

tKmioh Xo¿tY Zm{Xo£˛

t∂m [olknXmwip¿t`mKo caym.

(5, 6) aIbncw, XncphmXnc KW߃

{X £ \n [n¿ Zm kq No iw t`m

]mZw 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4

 371

Ku c b [o \ £ {Xw ]m cw

]mZw 2 3 2 1 9 10 11 12 1 2

tKm io h \o¿ tY Zm {Xn £ t∂m

]mZw 3 3 5 4 6 7 8 12 11 10 [o l kn Xmw ip¿ t`m Ko c aym.

]mZw 4 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

7. ImeN{IZibpsS ASnÿm\amb \£{X KW߃

(Npcp°Øn¬ --)

(1 (2) (3) (4)

AizXn `cWn tcmlnWn aIbncw

Im¿ØnI ]qbw aIw XncphmXnc

Bbneyw ]qcmSw XncpthmWw D{Xw

AØw D{X´mXn ˛ A\ngw

tNmXn ˛ ˛ XrtI´

aqew ˛ ˛ Ahn´w

˛ ˛

(10)

\£{X]mssZjyLSokap∞m

]q¿hm Zim XXv]Xnh¿jPmXm

]q¿thm‡]mZ{Iatim f {X hnZymXv

tIjmwNntZhw aXamlpcmcymx.

\£{X]mssZ LSokap∞m ˛ P\\kabsØ \£{X]mZØnse \mgnI

sh®,v N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ \£{X]mZØns‚

_m°n sh®v,

]q¿hm Zim XXv ]Xn h¿jPmXm ˛ BZysØ cminZi, injvSZi, B cmiym[n

]s‚ Zimh¿jØn¬ ImWWw.

]q¿thm‡]mZ{Iaix ˛ t\csØ ]d™ ]mZ{IaØn¬ XpS¿∂p≈

ZiIfpw ImWWw.

tIjm©ntZhw aXamlp Bcym ˛ CXmWv BNmcy∑mcpsS A`n{]mbw

8. injvSZi ImWp∂ coXn DZmlcWwPmXIw. tcmlnWn

\£{Xw tcmlnWn . \£{X KXw 47˛28 1/ 2 . \memw]mZw

\£{X]mZw: \memw]mZw

Zimcmin ao\w. Zim\mY≥ Kpcp. Zimh¿jw 10 h¿jw

 372

{Inb \£{XssZ¿Lyw 60 \mgnI. \£{XKXw 47˛281/

2

_m°n (60 ˛˛ 47 1/2) = 12˛301/2 _m°n

10 $ 12˛301/2 = 10 $ 12 $ 30 = 3600 $ 7515

= 8.35 h¿jw

4. 2 amkw

6 Znhkw

P\\injvSZi 8 h¿jw 4 amkw 6 Znhkw Qjm[n] KpcpZim.

\£{Xw 60 \mgnI F∂ IW°v CS°meØpsh®p amdnbXn\m¬ Ct∏mƒ

Hmtcm ZnhktØbpw \£{X\mgnI {]tXyIw t\mt° - Xp- v.]mcºcycoXnbnse

kabm[njvTnXamb KWnXØnte Cu _p≤nap´p≈p. ÿem[njvTnXamb B[p\nI

KWnXØn¬ N{μkv^pSwsh®v Cu {Inb Ffp∏w sNømw.

. DZmlcWw˛˛

N{μkv^pSw 1˛20˛33 = 50˛33

AXp hcp∂ \£{X]mZw = 50˛00 ˛˛ 53˛20 (tcmlnWn \memw ]mZw)

Zimcminbpw Zim\mY\pw = ao\w. Kpcp. 10 h¿jw

\£{X]mZØn¬ _m°n

53˛20 ˛˛ 50˛33 = 2˛47 3˛20 = 10

2˛47 ? 10 $ 167 = 8.35 h¿jw = 8 h¿jw 4 amkw 6 Znhkw

200

Cu KWnXw IqSpX¬ Ffp∏Øn¬ sNøm≥ tS_nfpw e`yamWv.

XpS¿∂p≈ ZiIƒ ImWp∂ coXn

DZmlcWw tcmlnWn {Kq∏v ]mZw 4

12 1 2 3 5* 4 6 7 8

ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w Nnß I¿°Sw I∂n Xpemw hr›nIw

Kp Ip ip _p c N _p ip Ip

8˛4˛6 7 16 9 5 21 9 16 7

(11)

Z{kmZn]mZ{]`rXo\n `m\mw

hmIym\n bm\y£c]w‡nPm\n

tXjmw {ItassWh Zim {]Iev]ym

hmIy{Iaw km[znXn tINnZmlpx

Z{kmZn]mZ{]`rXo\n `m\mw ˛ AizXn XpSßnb \£{XßfpsS ]mZ߃°p

hmIym\n bm\n A£c]w‡nPm\n ˛ A£ckwJyIfn¬ ]d™n´p≈

tXjmw {ItassWh Zim {]Iev]ym ˛ {IaØn¬ ZiIƒ ]dbWw.

 373

hmIy{Iaw km[p CXn ˛ hmIy{IaamWv km[phmbn´p≈Xv F∂p

tINnZmlpx.. ˛ Nne¿ ]dbp∂p .

(12)

hmIy{Ita I¿Iyfnao\k‘u

afiqIKXyizhcπpXn›

knwlmhtemIkv{Xnhn[m XZm\ow

Zim¥cw ZpJ^e{]Zw kymXv.

9 Zim{IaØnse Nne {]tXyI cminKXnIƒ

(afiqI XpcK knwlmhtemI\ KXnIƒ)

hmIy{Ita ˛ hmIy{IaØn¬.

I¿°n Afn ao\ k‘u

˛ I¿°nSw, hr›nIw, ao\w ChIfpsS k‘nIfn¬.(km[mcW A\ptema ˛{]Xn

temaKXnIƒ°p ]pdsa Zimcmin Iƒ°v)

afiqIKXn AizhcπpXn N knwlmhtemIx {Xnhn[m -

˛ afiqIKXn, XpcKKXn, knwlmhtemI\w

F∂o aq∂p Xcw {]tXyI KXnIƒIqSn D- v.

XZm\ow Zim¥cw ZpJ^e{]Zw kymXv ˛ AØcw ZiIƒ tZmj^ew sNøpw.

(1) knwlmhtemI\KXn

AizXn {Kq∏n¬, taSwapX¬ ao\whscbp≈ ]{¥- p cminIfpsS Hcp

]cnhrØn ]q¿Ønbm°n, ASpØ ]{¥- p cminIfpsS ]cnhrØn Bcw`n°p∂Xv

hr›nI ØnemWt√m. ao\Øn¬\n∂pw hr›nIØntebv°p ≈ Cu Nm´amWv

knwlKXn. CXp t]mse ]{¥- p cminIfpsS Hcp ]cnhrØn ]q¿Ønbm°n ASpØXv

Bcw`n°ptºm sg√mw knwlKXn Bh¿Øn°p∂Xmbn ImWmw. knwlKXn˛˛

(1) knwlKXn.

\£{X{Kq∏v ]mZw ]mZw AizXn 2 ao\w˛hr›nIw, 3 [\p˛taSw

`cWn 2 [\p˛taSw, 3 ao\w˛hr›nIw

tcmlnWn 2 hr›nIw˛ao\w. 3 taSw ˛[\p

aIbncw 2 taSw˛[\p, 3 hr›nIw˛ao\w

DZmlcWw

]mZw 2 10 11 12 8 7 6 4 5 3

]mZw 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 1 2 3

 374

(2, 3) Aizhc (a¿°So) afiqI KXnIƒ 1. H‰ cminIƒ am{Xap≈ I¿°SI˛NnßßfnemWv Cu KXnIƒ hcp∂Xv.

2. AizXn˛`cWn {Kq∏pIfn¬ cmin{Iaw ]ndtIm´p t]mIptºmgpw

tcmlnWn˛aIbnc{Kq∏pIfn¬ apt∂m´v t]mIptºmgpamWv Cu c- p

KXnIfp- mhpI.

3. ImeN{IZibn¬ Zim{Iaw Hcp cminsb adnIS∂v (NmSn°S∂v) ASpØ

cminbntebv°p t]mIp∂XmWv afiqInZi.

4. Cßs\ NmSn°S∂ Zi ho- pw ]ndtIm´p h∂p ]gb KXn XpScp∂XmWv

a¿°SoZi.

DZmlcWw cminIƒ

1. AizXn {Kq∏v ]mZw 2 6˛4˛5

2. `cWn {Kq∏v ]mZw 1 6˛4˛5

3. tcmlnWn{Kq∏v]mZw 1 3˛5˛4

]mZw 4 3˛5˛4

4. aIbncw {Kq∏v]mZw 3 3˛5˛4 --sImSpß√p¿ ]Xn∏n¬ Cu aq∂p {]tXyI KXnIsf hnhcn°p∂ c- p t«mI

߃IqSn ImWp∂p- .v. XmXv]cyw CXpXs∂.

(13)

XZzmIyh¿W{Iatim f ]lmc˛

h¿jmltX XXv]cambpcm]vtX

XZm Zimbma]lmch¿j

kwJym› amkmμnhkm≥ htZbpx.

10. A]lmc߃ ImWp∂ coXn Zimh¿jsØ A]lmc\mYs‚ h¿jwsIm- p KpWn®v ]cambp psIm- p

lcn®m¬ -- A]lmcImew In´pw.h¿jw Ign™p hcp∂Xns\ ]{¥- psIm- p

s]cp°nbm¬ amkhpw, amkw Ign™phcp∂Xns\ ap∏XpsIm- p s]cp°nbm¬

Znhkhpw In´pw. ]cambp ns\∏‰n ]dbp∂Xv ASpØ t«mIØnemWv.

(14)

hmtIyjp bmhOcZmw {]amWw

hZ¥n XmhXv ]cambpc{X

tajmZ\oIw aZ\w KtP\

Xpμx ]p\ss›hapZocnXw XXv.

11. \£{X]mZ ]cambp v

hmtIyjp....

˛ (Xmsg) hmIyßfn¬ {]amWambn ]d™n´p≈ h¿jßfmWv Hmtcm

\£{X]mZØns‚bpw ]cambp v.

 375

tajmXv ˛ taSw XpSßnb cminIƒ°v

A\oIw aZ\w KtP\ Xpμx

001 58 38 68

= 100 85 83 86

Cu {Iaw AizXn, `cWn {Kq∏pIfptSXmWv.

]p\x N Ghw DZocnXw XXv ˛ tcmlnWn, aIbncw {Kq∏pIƒ°v CXp

hn]coXambn hcpw.

\£{X]mZw \£{X{Kq∏pIƒ \£{X{Kq∏pIƒ AizXn˛`cWn tcmlnWn˛aIbncw

Im¿ØnI XncphmXnc

]mZw 1 100 86

]mZw 2 85 83

]mZw 3 83 85

]mZw 4 86 100

Hcp \£{X]mZØns‚ Zimcw`w km[mcW KXnbn¬ -- cminIfpsS CSbv°mWp

hcpI. AXp ImcWw ]cambp v XnIbmsX hcpw. At∏mƒ ASpØ ]mZØns‚

Zim{IaØnse BZycminsb XpS¿® cminbmbn FSp°Ww. AtX \£{X]mZØns‚

cminIƒ Bh¿Øn®p hcpw F∂ A`n{]bhpw \nehnep- v.

12 Zim^ew

(15)

almZimkp bXv^ew {]Io¿XnXw abm ]pcm

XtZh tbmPtbXv _pt[m Zimwkp ssNhamZnjp.

almZimkp ˛ hnwtimØcnZib°v (19, 20, 21 A≤ymbßfn¬)

bXv ^ew ˛ bmsXmcp ^eamtWm,

{]Io¿ØnXw abm ]pcm ˛ F∂m¬ t\csØ ]dbs∏´Xv,

XXv Gh ˛ AXpXs∂,

Zimwkp N Ghw BZnjp ˛ Cu ZiIƒ°pw,

tbmPtbXv ˛ tbmPn∏n®p ]dbWw.

ImeN{IZimk{ºZmbØnse Bbp¿KWnX`mKØns‚ Hcp kw{Klw am{XamWvv

ChnsS \¬Inbn´p≈Xv. hnkvXcn® ^e{]hN\Øn\v hnwtimØcnZibv°p ]d™

^e߃ tN¿Øp Nn¥n°mhp∂XmWv.

IqSpX¬ -- hnhc߃°pw hnkvXcn® ^e`mKØn\pw PmXI]mcnPmXw, {io

apØpkzmanbpsS ImeN{IZi XpSßnb {KŸßƒ klmbn°pw.

(ImeN{IZibnse Zim\mY]´nI A\n_‘w 3˛¬ sImSpØn´p- v.)

 376

2. DXv]∂ B[m\ almZiIƒ

(\£{XZiIƒ)

(16)

P∑¿£mXv ]cXkvXp ]©a`hm f tYmXv]∂ kw⁄m Zim

kymZm[m\Zim f ]ytXm f jvSa`hmXv t£am∑lmJym Zim

Bkmtah Zimhkm\katb arXyp{]Zm kym∂rWmw

kz¬]m\¬]kambpjmw(1) {Xnh[]©¿t£ Zimbm¥nta.

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ km¬]w Zo¿Lkambpjmw

1. P∑¿£mXv ]cXkvXp ˛ P∑\£{XØn¬\n∂pw

]©a `hmXv D¬∏∂kw⁄m Zim ˛ A©masØ \£{XØns‚ Zi

D¬∏∂ F∂p t]cmb ZibmIp∂p.

2. B[m\Zim AjvSa`hmXv ˛ F´mw \£{XØns‚ Zi B[m\Zi.

3. t£amXv almJym Zim. ˛ t£aw ˛ kpJw ˛ \mev.

\memw \£{XØns‚ Zi almZi.

4. Zimhkm\katb arXyp{]Zx kymXv \rWmw

˛ Cu ZiIfpsS Ahkm\ kabw (Zimk‘nIƒ) a\pjy¿°p amcIamWv.

5. kz¬] A\¬] ka Bbpjmw

˛ A¬∏mbp v, Zo¿Lmbp v, a≤ymbp v F∂nßs\bp≈ aq∂v Bbp¿KW

Øn¬s∏´h¿°v

. {Xn h[ ]©¿t£ Zimbm¥nta.

˛ ({IaØn¬) aq∂v, Ggv, A©v F∂o \£{XßfpsS ZiIfpsS A¥yw

arXyp{]ZamWv.

\£{X Bbp¿±iIƒ

\£{X߃ 5 8 4 3 7 5

t]cv D¬∏∂ B[m\ alm A¬∏ Zo¿L a≤y

3. \nk¿§Zi

(17)

GIw tZz \hhnwiXn¿[rXnIrXnx ]©mitZjmw {Iam˛

®{μmtcμpPip{IPohZn\Irss±hmIcoWmw kamx

sskz sskzx (1) ]pjvS^em \nk¿KP\nssXx ]w‡n¿Zimbmx {Iam˛

Zt¥ e·Zim ipt`Xn bh\m t\—¥n tINnØYm.

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ tkz tkz

GI tZz \h hnwiXnx [rXn IrXnx ]©miXv GXmx {IamXv

1 2 9 20 18 20 50 = (120) Cu {IaØn¬

N{μ Bc CμpP ip{I Poh Zn\IrXv ZnhmIcoWmw

N Ip _p ip Kp c a ˛ XpSßnbhcpsS

 377

kamx ˛ (Zim) h¿j߃ BIp∂p.

tkz tkz ]pjvS^em\n.... ˛ Zim\mY∑m¿°p _eaps- ¶n¬ Ah

chcpsS Zibn¬ ip`^e߃

D- mIpw.

At¥y e·Zim ipt`Xn bh\m ˛ e·ZibpsS Ahkm\`mKw ip`sa∂mWv

bh\mNmcycpsS A`n{]mbw.

\ C—¥n tINnXv XYm ˛ Nne¿ CXnt\mSp tbmPn°p∂n√.

\nk¿§ZiIƒ {Klw Zimh¿jw hb v (h¿jw)

N{μ≥ 1 1

IpP≥ 2 2˛3

_p[≥ 9 4˛12

ip{I≥ 20 13˛32

Kpcp 18 33˛50

chn 20 51˛70

aμ≥ 50 71˛120

e·Zi .... 5 Znhkw

BsI 120 h¿jw 5 Znhkw

\nk¿§Zimh¿jhpw Zim{Iahpw F√mh¿°pw Hcpt]msebmWv.

Cu Zimh¿j߃ ]q¿Æ_eap≈ AYhm ]ctam®∑mcmb {Kl߃

°p≈XmWv. AXp{]Imcw {Klw \oNØnemsW¶n¬ Zimh¿jw CXns‚ ]IpXntb

hcq. Nne Ipdbv° epIƒ (lcW߃) IqSn sNøm\p- v. AXp sNbvXm¬

Pohi¿ΩZit]mse hcpw. e·Øn¬ IpP≥ \n∂m¬ apgph≥ Bbp pw t]mIpw.

N{μ≥ \n∂m¬ ]Ønsem∂p t]mIpw.

Zn√n ]Xn∏pIfn¬ ChnsS sNdnb hyXymkw ImWp∂p- v. e·Zi A¥yØn¬

ip`amIpsa∂Xn\p ]Icw i\nbpsS AºXp h¿jØn¬ e·Øns‚ ZiIqSn

Dƒs∏Sp∂psh∂ ImcyamWv bh\mNmcycpsS A`n{]mbambn sImSpØn´p≈Xv.

AsX¥mbmepw, a‰p ]e {KŸßfnepw CØcw ZiIfn¬ ˛˛ \nk¿§Zi, D®\oNZi

(]nfiZi), Pohi¿ΩobZi XpSßnbhIfn¬ ˛˛ {KlßfpsS Zimh¿jw

]dbp∂nSØv e·Øns‚ Zimh¿jw ImWp∂ coXnIqSn sImSpØn´p- v.

4. AwiIZi Bbp¿±mbKWnXØnse Hcp {][m\ZibmWv AwiZi. hcmlanlnc≥ hfsc

_lpam\n®ncp∂ kXymNmcycptSXmWv Cu Zi. tlmcm imkv{XØn¬ Ggmw A≤ymb

Øn¬ (t«mIw 9 apX¬ 13 hsc) AwiIZi hnkvXcn®p ]dbp∂p- v.

kqcyN{μ∑mtc°mƒ e·m[n]\p _eaps- ¶n¬ Cu ZimcoXnbmWp tbmPn°pI

F∂mWv A`n{]mbw.

 378

(18)

en]vXoIrXy `tPXv {Klw JL\ss\kvX—njvSambpjvIem

BimJmiznlrXm_vZamkZnhkmx ktXymZntXw f imbpjn

h{InWyp®KtX {XnkwKpWanZw kzmwi{Xn`mtKmØta

ZznLv\w \oNKtX f ¿[a]yY Zfw autVy knXm¿°o hn\m.

1. AwiIZi ImWp∂ hn[w

1. en]vXoIrXy `tPXv {Klw JL\ss\kvX—njvSambpjvIem.....

ktXymZntX Awimbpjn ˛ kXymNmcy≥ ]d™ AwiIZibn¬

{Klw ˛ {Klkv^pSsØ.

en]vXoIrXy ˛ IeIfm°n.

`tPXv JL\ss\.

J L \ ss\

2 4 0 0 = 2400 sIm- p lcn®m¬

XXv injvSambpjvIem ˛ In´p∂. injvSw (lcW^ea√, _m°n

hcp∂ kwJy) IeIfnep≈ Bbp mIp∂p

2 BimJmizn (BImimizn) lrXm_vZamkZnhkmx ktXymZntXw f imbpjn

˛ ta¬∏d™ IeIfnep≈ Bbp ns\

(1) 200 sIm- p lcn®m¬ h¿jhpw

(2) _m°nsb 12 sIm- p KpWn®v 200 sIm- p lcn®m¬ amkhpw

(3) AXn¬ _m°n h∂Xns\ 30 sIm- p KpWn®v 200sIm- p lcn®m¬

Znhkhpw In´pw.

(Cßs\ F√m {KlßfptSbpw Bbp¿h¿jw ImWWw.)

tlmcbnse{Kl`p‡\hmwicminXpeyw.... F∂ hmIya\pkcn®v AwiIZibn¬

Hmtcm {Klhpw \¬Ip∂ Bb v B {Klw `pPn® (]n∂n´) \hmwiIØn\p Xpey

amWv. Hcp \hmwiØn\v Hcp h¿jw F∂XmWv IW°v. Hcp \hmwiw -= 3--˛20 = 200 ”.

200 (\hmwiw) sIm- pw 12 (cminN{Iw) sIm- pap≈ c- p lcWßsf

tN¿ØmWv ^eZ]nIbn¬ 2400˛sIm- p lcn°Wsa∂p ]d™ncn°p∂Xv.

{Klkv^pSØn¬ F{X \hmwißfp- v F∂dnbm\mWv 200 sIm- p lcn°p∂Xv.

Hcp \hmwiafiesØ AYhm AwiIN{IsØbmWv 12 kqNn∏n°p∂Xv.

H∂ne[nIap≈ afießsf IeIfnep≈ {Klkv^pSØn¬\n∂pw \o°m\mWv CXv.

AXns‚ Xm¬∏cyanXmWv. 200 IeIƒ hoXap≈ 12 AwiI߃ tNcptºmƒ Hcp

afieamIpw. (3˛20 $ 12 = 40 `mK). 360 `mKbp≈ cminN{IsØ HºXp `mKam°p

tºmƒ 40 `mKbmWt√m In´pI. AXmbXv, cminN{IsØ HºXnsem∂m°nbm¬

\hmwiafiew. \hmwiafie sØ HºXnsem∂m°nbm¬ \hmwiw.

 379

{Klkv^pSsØ IeIfm°n, IeIsf 200 sIm- p lcn®v, 12˛-s‚ KpWnX߃

\o°w sNbvXm¬, As√¶n¬ 2400˛sIm- p lcn®m¬, In´p∂ injvSw IeIfnep≈

Bbp mWv. CXns\ Hcp \hmwiØn\v Hcp h¿jw F∂ IW°n¬ h¿j˛amk˛

Znhkßfm°Ww.

2 AwiIZi : KWnXw DZmlcWPmXIØnse kqcykv^pSw: = 1˛25˛31

1. {Klkv^pSsØ (1 cmin 25 `mK 31 Iesb) IeIfm°pI

1 $ 30 = 30 + 25 = 55 $ 60 = 3300 + 31 = 3331 Ie

2. AXnse 2400˛Iƒ F√mw \o°w sNbvXv injvSw ImWpI

3331˛s\ 2400 sIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ 1 (2400) In´pw. CXns\

Dt]£n®v injvSwsIm- v {Inb XpScWw.injvSw(3331 ˛˛ 2400 ) = 931 Ie

3. injvSw h∂ 931 Iesb Hcp \hmwiØn\v Hcp h¿jw F∂ IW°n¬

h¿jam°Ww

Hcp \hmwiw 3 `mK 20 Ie = 200 Ie

931 / 200 = 4.655 = 4 h¿jw

_m°n .655 s\ 12 sIm- p s]cp°n amkßfm°Ww

(655 / 1000) $ 12 = 7.86 = 7 amkw

_m°n . 86 s\ 30 sIm- p s]cp°n Znhkßfm°Ww

(86 / 100) $ 30 = 25.8 = 26 Znhkw

(.8 s\ 24 sIm- p s]cp°n aWn°qtdm, 60 sIm- p s]cp°n \mgnI

Itfm B°mw. ChnsS .5 t\°mƒ IqSpXembXn\m¬ 1 Bbn FSpØp.)

3. h{IØnepw D®Ønepw a‰pw \n¬°p∂ {KlßfpsS

Zimh¿jØn¬ hcp∂ h¿≤\

2. h{InWyp®KtX {XnkwKpWanZw kzmwi{Xn`mtKmØta ZznLv\w ....

h{InWyp®KtX...... ˛ h{IØntem D®Øntem D≈ {KlßfpsS

Bbp¿h¿jsØ.

{XnkwKpWanZw ˛ aq∂psIm- p s]cp°Ww. (aq∂nc´nbm°Ww)

kzmwi{Xn`mtKmØssax ZznLv\w

˛ kz¥w \hmwiw, kz¥w t{Z°mWw, h¿t§mØaw Chbn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klß

fpsS Bbp¿h¿jsØ c- psIm- p s]cp°Ww. (Cc´nbm°Ww).

 380

Zimh¿j h¿≤\˛˛ 1. D®w, h{Iw $ 3 (+)

2. kzt£{Xw, kzt{Z°mWw,

kz\hmwiw, h¿t§mØa\hmwiw $ 2 (+)

4. \oNauVylcWw

3. \oNKtX f ¿[a]yY Zfw autVy knXm¿°o hn\m.\oNKtXx A¿≤....

\oNKtX f ¿[ ˛ \oNØnep≈ {KlØns‚ ]IpXn

Ipdbv°Ww.

Zfw autVy knX A¿°o hn\m. ˛ ip{I≥, i\n Chsbmgn®p≈ {Kl߃°v

auVyØn¬ ]IpXn Ipdbv°Ww.

\oNØnepw auVy Ønepw \n¬°p∂ {KlßfpsS Zimh¿jØn¬ hcp∂

Ipdhv˛˛

\oNw, auVyw (ip, a HgnsI) ˛ 1/2 (-- ˛˛)

(19)

k¿hm¿≤{XnIrtXjp(1)j◊nXeh{lmtkm f kXmapXv{IamXv

cnx^mXv kXvkp Zfw XZm lcXn _teytIm _lptjzIt`

{Xywtim\w cn]pt` hn\m £nXnkpXw ktXym]tZti Zim˛

e·kymwikam _en\ypZbt` f kym{Xm]n Xpeym]n N..

(1) ]mTt`Zw: civanXehm{≤mtkm

5. Zriym¿≤lcWw.

1. cn^mXv ˛ 12 apXemb `mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂

AkXm ˛ ]m]{KlßfpsS AwiIZibn¬ \n∂p

DXv{IamXv ˛ {IaØn¬

k¿hm¿≤{XnIrtXjpj◊nXeh{lmtkm

˛ apgph≥, ]IpXn, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6 F∂ {IaØn¬ Bbp p Ipdbv°Ww.

2. kXvkp Zfw....

˛ Cu`mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂Xp ip`{Klßfm sW¶n¬ Cu ]d™Xns‚ ]IpXnhoXw

Ipd®m¬ aXn

3. _lpjp GIt`

˛ Hcp cminbn¬ ]e {Klßfps- ¶n¬ IqSpX¬ _eap≈ Hcp {KlØns‚

h¿jØn¬ am{Xta Ipdhp sNtø- Xp≈q.

1. cnx^w apX¬°p≈ `mhßfn¬ (Zriym¿≤Øn¬) ]m]∑m¿ \n∂m¬

Bbp¿h¿jØn¬ hcp∂ Ipdhv

`mhw 12 11 10 9 8 7

Ipdbvt°- Xv apgph≥ 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/6

 381

2. Zriym¿≤Øn¬ ip`∑m¿ \n∂m¬ ]m]∑m¿°p ]d™Xn¬ ]IpXn

Ipdbv°Ww

`mhw 12 11 10 9 8 7

Ipdhv 1/2 1/4 1/6 1/8 1/10 1/12

3. Hcp cminbn¬ H∂ne[nIw {Kl߃°p Zriym¿≤lcWw hcp∂psh¶n¬

IqSpX¬ hcp∂Xv (lcWw A[nIap≈ Hcp {KlØns‚ Bbp n¬) am{Xta Ipdhp

hcptØ- Xp≈p

6. i{Xpt£{XlcWw 4. {Xywtim\w cn]pt` hn\m £nXnkpXw

˛ IpP≥ HgnsIbp≈ {Kl߃ i{Xpt£{XØn¬\n∂m¬ 1/3 Ipdbv°Ww.

AwiIZibnse samØw Iq´epw Ipdbv°epw:

1. h¿≤\Iƒ: D®w, h{Iw, kzt£{Xw, kzt{Z°mWw,

kz\hmwiw, h¿t§mØa\hmwiw

2. lcW߃: \oNlcWw,auVylcWw,Zriym¿≤lcWw i{Xpt£{XlcWw

Iq´epw Ipdbv°epw ˛ GXv BZyw thWw? Cc´n°epIƒ BZyw sNøtWm, lcW߃ BZyw sNøtWm Fs∂mcp

kwibw hcmw. lcW߃ Ign®p _m°nbp≈Xns\ Cc´n°pIbm Wv th- Xv.

AXmbXv, Zimh¿jw I- v, \mep lcWßfpw sNbvXn´pthWw h{InWyp®

KtX....bn¬ ]dbp∂ h¿≤\Iƒ sNøphm≥.

8. e·mbp v (AwiIZibnse e·Zi) 5. e·kymwikamx

˛ e·Øn¬ sN∂ \hmwiØn\v XpeyamWv e·mbp v,

6. _en\n DZbt`...

˛ e·Øn\mWv A[nIw _esa¶n¬, F{X cminbmtWm Ign™Xv, A{Xbpw

h¿jamWv e·mbp v. (Hcp \hmwiw Hcp h¿jw / Hcp cmin Hcp h¿jw)

1. e·cminsb°mƒ _ew e·cmiywiIØn\msW¶n¬ AwiIØn\p

Xpeyambncn°pw Bbp v. AYhm e·Øns‚ \hmwiIm[n]\v e·m[n]t\°mƒ

_ew IqSppsa¶n¬ e·kv^pSØn se cmin If™v _m°nsb IeIfm°n 200

sIm- p lcn°Ww. BZyw In´p∂Xp h¿jw. _m°nsb 12˛epw 30˛epw s]cp°n

200˛sIm- p lcn®p amkhpw Znhkhpw ImWWw.

2. AwiIØnt\°mƒ A[nIw _ew e·Øn\msW¶n¬ cmin°p XpeyamWv

Bbp v. AYhm e·\hmwiIm[n]t\°mƒ e·m[n]\p _ew IqSpsa¶n¬

e·kv^pSsØ cminbS°w IeIfm°n (200 $ 9) 1800 sIm- p lcn°Ww. lcW^ew

h¿jw. tijn®Xns\ amkhpw Znhkhpam°Ww. k]vX{KlßfptSbpw

e·Øns‚bpw ZiIƒ Hcpan®p Iq´nbXmWv AwiI Zibnse ]cambp v.

 382

(20)

ktXym]tZix {]htcm f {X In¥p

Ip¿h¥ytbmKyw _lph¿§Wm`nx

BNmcyIw Xz{X _lpLv\Xmbm˛

taI¥p bZv`qcn XtZh Imcyw.

ktXym]tZix ˛ kXymNmcycpsS D]tZiw

(a‰p≈hcptSXt]£n®v)

{]hcx A{X ˛ {]hcamWv, t{ijvTamWv.

In¥p ˛ F∂m¬.

Ip¿h¥n AtbmKyw _lph¿§Wm`nx

˛ (F∂m¬ Nne¿) _lph¿§Ww (series of multiplications)sIm- v CXns\

AtbmKyam°p∂p.

BNmcyIw Xp A{X

˛ ktXym]tZiw A\pkcn®v .

_lpLv\Xmbmw GI¥p bZv`qcn XXv Gh Imcyw

˛ ]e Iq´epIƒ hcp∂psh¶n¬ AXn¬ G‰hpw A[nIap≈Xpam{Xw FSpØm¬ aXn.

Cu t«mIw tlmcmimkv{Xw Ggmw A≤ymbØn¬\n∂pap≈XmWv. (7- -12)

AhnsS ]nfiZi (D®\oNZi), Pohi¿ΩZi, AwiIZi F∂o aq∂v Bbp¿±mb

ZiIfpw hnhcn®Xn\ptijamWv Cu t«mIw hcp∂Xv. a‰p c- p ZiIsf At]£n®v

AwiIZibmWv IqSpX¬ IrXyambn ImWp∂Xv. F¶nepw Nne¿ KWnXw sX‰mbn

sNbvXv AXns‚ KpWw Ifbp∂Xn\m¬ icnbmb coXn hy‡am°pIbmWv ChnsS.

Bbp¿±mbKWnXØn¬ kXymNmcys‚ Cu AwiIZiXs∂bmWv t{ijvTambn

´p≈Xv. ]t£, A\mhiyambv s]cp°epIƒsIm- v Nne¿ AXns‚ KpWw Ifbp∂p.

AXmbXv, Hcp {Klw \n¬°p∂Xv Htc kabw AXns‚ kzt£{XØnepw D®Ønepw

h{IØnepw BsW¶n¬ Bbp¿±mbw BZyw Cc´n°pI, ]ns∂ aq∂nc´n B°pI,

F∂nßs\ ]e {InbIƒ sNøp∂p. Aßns\ ]mSn√. aq∂nc´nbm°pI F∂ H‰

{Inb sNbvXm¬ aXn (IqSpX¬ KpWn°epIƒ hcptºmƒ G‰hpw A[nIap≈ Hcp

KpW\w am{Xw aXn F∂¿∞w.) Ipdbv°ens‚ ImcyØnepw Cu coXnX∂bmWv

th- Xv. DZmlcWØn\v, i{Xpt£{XÿnXnbpw auVyhpw HØp hcp∂psh¶n¬

auVyØns‚Xp am{Xw, AXmbXv ]IpXn am{Xw, Ipd®m¬ aXn.

5. ]nfiZi (D®\oNZi)

(21)

t[bw iqc itI {inbw kvab ]tc \n{Zmx kam `mkvIcmXv

]nfimJymbpjn ]q¿hh® lcWw k¿hw hnZ[ymZnl

et· ]m]n\n `w hnt\mZbessh¿\n¿≤m \XmMvssKx lrXw (1)

XymPyw kuay\nco£ntX¿f≤arWa{Xmbpjy`n⁄m hnZpx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ hnt\mZbessh¿hnLv\w \XmwtK lrXw.

 383

1. ]nfiZimh¿j߃

t[bw....]nfimJymbpjn ˛ kqcy≥ XpSßnbhcpsS ]nfimbp¿±mbw:

t[bw iqc itI {inbw kvab ]tc \n{Zmx kam `mkvIcmXv

91 52 51 21 51 12 02

19 25 15 12 15 21 20 ˛ ˛ F∂o h¿j߃

(127 h¿j߃)

c N Ip _p Kp ip a ˛ F∂ {IaØn¬

kqcymZn {Kl߃ \¬Ip∂, A\p{Iaambn´p≈, ]nfimbp h¿jßfmWv. {Klw D¨w hÀjw \oNw hÀjw chn taSw 10 19 Xpemw 10 9 1/

2

Nμ≥ CShw 3 25 hr›nIw 3 12 1/2

IpP≥ aIcw 28 15 I¿°SIw28 7 1/2

_p[≥ I∂n 15 12 ao\w 15 6

Kpcp I¿°Sw 5 15 aIcw5 7 1/2

ip{I≥ ao\w 27 21 I∂n 27 10 1/2

aμ≥ Xpemw 20 20 taSw 20 10

2. lcW߃ ]q¿hhXv N lcWw k¿hw hnZ[ymZnl

˛ t\csØ AwiImbp¿±mb Øn\p ]d™ F√m lcWßfpw

]nfimbp¿±mbØnepw sNøWw.

{Kl߃ AXyp®Øn¬ (kqcy≥ taSw 10T XpSßnbh) \n∂memWp ta¬{]d™

Zimh¿j߃ e`n°pI. CXn¬\n∂p hyXykvXambn \oNÿnXn, i{Xpt£{X

ÿnXn, auVyw, Zriym¿≤ÿnXn, e·Øn¬ ]m]ÿnXn F∂o A©p kμ¿`ßfn¬

Zimh¿jßfn¬ am‰w hcpw. Chbn¬ \mep lcW߃ ˛˛ \oNlcWw, auVy

lcWw, Zriym¿≤lcWw, i{Xpt£{XlcWw F∂nh ˛˛ Awimbp¿±mbØn\p

]d™Xpt]mse Øs∂ sNøWw. A©matØXmb {IqtcmZblcWw C\n

]dbp∂p.

3. {IqtcmZblcWw et· ]m]n\n `w... ˛ e·Øn¬ ]m]{Kl߃ (c, Ip, a)

\n¬°p∂ps- ¶n¬˛˛

1. e·kv^pSØnse cminsb \o°n `mKIeIsf IeIfm°pI.

2. AXpsIm- vHmtcm {Klhpw \¬Ip∂ Bbp¿±mbh¿jsØ s]cp°pI

. AXns\ (Aßns\ In´p∂ ^esØ)

3. \XmwtK lrXw ˛ \ X K ˛ 063 ˛ 360T sIm- v AYhm 360w x 60’ = 216000’ sIm- p) lcn°pI. lcW^ew e·Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ ]m]{KlØns‚

(IeIfnep≈) lcWamWv.

4. CXns\ Htcm {Klhpw \¬Ip∂ Bbp n¬\n∂pw Ipd®m¬ IrXyamb

Zimh¿jw (ip≤mbp v) In´pw.

kuay\nco£ntXm... ˛ e·Øn\p ip`ZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬ ]IpXn

Ipd®m¬ aXn.

 384

(22)

e·Zimawikamw _ehXywti hZ¥n ss]fiymtJy

_ebp‡w bZn e·w cminkssahm{X (1) \mwtim∞m.

(1) ]mTt`Zw : Ztim‡m.

4. e·Zi

e·Zim ss]fimtJy ˛ ]nfimbp¿±mbØnse e·Zi

_ehXn Awti Awikamw ˛ e·Øns‚ AwiIw (e·\hmwiw)

_etØmSp IqSnbXmsW¶n¬ AwiI

Øn\p kam\amb h¿jw.

_ebp‡w bZn e·w cminkaw ˛ e·w_etØmSpIqSnbXmsW¶n¬

cmin°p Xpeyamb h¿jw.

1. e·Øns‚ \hmwi Im[n]\v e·m[n]t\°mƒ _ew IqSppsa¶n¬ e·

kv^pS Ønse cmin If™v _m°nsb IeIfm°n 200 sIm- p lcn°Ww. BZyw

In´p∂Xp h¿jw. _m°nsb 12˛epw 30˛epw s]cp°n 200˛sIm- p lcn®p amkhpw

Znhkhpw ImWWw.

2. e·m[n]\p e·\hmwiIm[n]t\°mƒ _ew IqSpsa¶n¬ ekv^pSsØ

cminsb AS°w IeIfm°n 200 $ 9 = 1800 lcn°Ww. lcW^ew h¿jw.

tijn®Xns\ amkhpw Znhkhpam°Ww.

3. cmiym[n]\pw \hmwiIm[n]\pw _ew Xpeyambn h∂m¬ c- maXp ]d™ hn[w.)

(23)

lcWw \otN¿f≤arWw kymXv

kºq¿Æ t{]m‡h¿jap®Krtl

ss]fiymZu Zzy¥ctK

{]mss⁄kvss{XcminIw Nn¥yw.

5. \oNlcWw hy‡am°p∂p lcWw \otN A¿≤w...

1. {Kl߃ D®ØnemsW¶nemWv ta¬∏d™ h¿j߃ In´pI.

2. {Kl߃ \oNØnemsW¶n¬ CXn¬ ]IpXn Ipdbpw.

3. D®Øn\pw \oNØn\pw CSbnepw \oNØn\pw D®Øn\pw CSbnepap≈

ÿnXn°v Bbp¿h¿jw ImWm≥ ss{XcminIw sNøWw .

(24)

ss]fiymJyambp¿{_phtX {][m\w

aWn∞NmWIyabmZb›

GX∂ km[znXyhZZv`Zt¥m (1)

hcmlkqcyky XtZh hmIyw.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: almt¥m ˛ alm∑m¿

6. A`n{]mbw ss]fiymJyw Bbpx {_phtX {][m\w˛]nfimbp¿±mbw (D®\oNZi) DØa

amsWam∂mWv aWnŸ≥, NmWIy≥

 385

, ab≥ F∂o BNmcy∑mcpsS A`n{]mbw.

GXXv \ km[p CXn AhZXv `Zt¥m ˛ F∂m¬ Cu Zimk{ºZmbw Ip‰a‰X√

F∂p `Z¥≥ ]d™n´p- v

hcmlkqcyky XtZh hmIyw ˛ hcmlanlncs‚ A`n{]mbhpw CXpXs∂

bmbncp∂p .

(`Z¥≥ ˛ _u≤k\ymkn / kXymNmcy≥).

6. Pohi¿ΩZi (25)

kqcymZnIm\mw kzatX\ Poh˛

i¿Ωm kzcmwiw ]cambptjm f {X

Akym]n k¿hw lcWw hnt[bw

]q¿thm‡h√·Zima]ol.

1. kzatX\ Pohi¿Ωm ˛ Pohi¿ΩF∂ BNmcys‚ A`n{]mbØn¬

kqcymZnIm\mw ˛ kqcy≥ XpSßnb k]vX{KlßfpsS

Bbp¿±mbw

kzcmwiw ]cambpj A{X ˛ ]cambp ns\ Ggmbn `mKn®XmWv.

2. Akym]n k¿hw lcWw hnt[bw

˛ CXpw t\csØ ]d™˛˛]nfiZibv°p ]d™˛˛ F√m lcW߃°pw

hnt[bamWv.

3. ]q¿thm‡h√·Zima]ol ˛ e·Zibpw t\ctØ ]d™Xpt]mse ˛

˛ ]nfiZibv°p ]d™Xpt]mse ˛˛

Øs∂.

Cu ZimcoXnbn¬, \nk¿§ZibnteXpt]mse, ]cambp v 120 h¿jw 5

ZnhkamWv. CXns\ Ggmbn `mKn®Xv ˛˛ 17 h¿jw 1 amkw 22 Znhkw ˛˛ BWv Hmtcm

{KlØn‚bpw Zi.

17 h¿jw 1 amkw 22 Znhkw 8 \mgnI -34 hn\mgnI $ 7 = 120-˛5

]nfiZibv°p ]d™ F√m lcWßfpw CXn\pw thWw. e·Zibpw AXp

t]mseØs∂.

7. ]pcpjmbp v F{X?

(26)

\rWmw ZzmZih’cm ZilXm Bbpx {]amWw ]ssc˛

cmJymXw ]caw iss\kv{Xn`KtWm bmh÷ss\cocnXw

tINn®{μkl{kZ¿i\anl t{]m‡w Ieu In¥p b˛

tZzmtZm‡w icZ»Xw ln ]cambp¿±mbamN£vatl.

1. \rWmw ZzmZih’cm ZilXm Bbpx {]amWw

˛ Nne hnZzm∑mcpsS A`n{]mbØn¬ a\pjycpsS Bbp v \q‰ncp]Xv

h¿jamWv

 386

2. ]ssc BJymXw ]caw iss\x {Xn`KtWm bmhXv Pss\x CucnXw ˛

˛ F∂m¬ a‰p NnecpsS A`n{]mbØn¬ i\nbpsS aq∂p `KWImew

( 30 $ 3) BWv ]cambp v.

3. tINnXv N{μkl{kZ¿i\anlt{]m‡w

˛ Bbncw ]q¿ÆN{μs\ ImWp∂XmWv ]q¿Æmbp v F∂pw ]£ap- v.

4. Ieu In¥p bXv thtZm‡w icZ»Xw ln ]cambp¿±mbamN£vatl

˛ F∂m¬ thZw ]dbp∂Xv IenbpKØn¬ a\pjymbp v \qdp h¿jw

BsW∂mWv. \Ωfpw AXnt\mSp tbmPn°p∂p.

8. Zim{Iaw

(27)

e·mZntXyμpIm\ma[nI_ehXx

kym±imZu XtXm f \ym

XXvtI{μmZnÿnXm\manl _lpjp ]p\¿˛

hocytXm hocykmtay

_lzmbp¿h¿jZmXpx {]Yaan\him˛

t®mZnXkym_vZkmtay

hocyw InwXz{X k‘n¿{KlhnhclXw

`mhk‘y¥cm]vXw.

1. e· BZnXy Cμp`m\mw A[nI_ehXx kymXv ZimZu

˛ e·w, BZnXy≥, N{μ≥ Chcn¬ A[nIw _eap≈ {KlØns‚ ZibmWv

BZyw hcpI.

2, XXx A\ym XXv tI{μmZn ÿnXm\mw Cl

˛ c- maXmbn tI{μØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚ Zi hcpw

3. _lpjp ]p\x hocytXm

˛ tI{μØn¬ A[nIw {Kl߃ Ds- ¶n¬ Ahcn¬ _etadnbhs‚ Zi

FSp°Ww.

4. hocykmtay _lzmbpx h¿jZmXpx

˛ _ewsIm- p XpeymhÿtbmSp IqSnb {Kl߃ tI{μØn¬ D- mbm¬

A[nIw Bbp¿h¿jw Xcp∂ {KlØns‚ Zi FSp°Ww.

5. {]Yaw C\hti\ DZnX kymXv

---˛Bbp¿h¿jØnepw {Kl߃°p kmayw h∂m¬ kqcy_‘Øn¬\n∂pw

BZyw ]pdØp hcp∂ {KlØns‚ Zi BZyw hcpw.

6. hocyw Inw Xp A{X....

˛ C\n AYhm hocyw, Zimh¿jw, kqcytbmK Øn\ptijw BZyw DZn°pI

F∂nhsb√mØnepw HØphcnIbmsW¶n¬ ASpØ ÿm\Øp≈ {KlsØ

s°m- p Nn¥n°Ww.

9. Cu ZiIƒ Nn¥nt°- sXt∏mƒ

(28)

Awtim¤hw e·_emXv{]km[y˛

 387

ambp› ]ntfim¤ha¿°hocymXv

ss\k¿§nIw N{μ_emXv {]km[yw

{_qbmXv {XbmWma]n hocykmtay.

(29)

tXjmw {XbmWmanl kwbpXnkvXp

{Xn`n¿lrXm sskh Zim {]I¬]ym

hocyw ZztbmsscIyZfw Xtbmx kymXv

tN÷ohi¿ambpcao _tem\mx.

1. e·Øn\mWv _ew IqSpXse¶n¬ Awimbp pw

2. kqcy\mWp _esa¶n¬ ]nfimbp pw

3. N{μ\mWp _esa¶n¬ \nk¿§mbp pw FSp°Ww.

4. ap≥]d™ aq∂nepw _ekmayw hcpIbmsW¶n¬, aq∂phn[ Bbp pw

Hcpan®pIq´n aq∂psIm- p lcn°Ww.

5 cs- ÆØn\p Xpey_ew hcnIbmsW¶n¬ c- pw XΩn¬ Iq´n

c- psIm- p lcn°pI.

6 aq∂n\pw _eans√¶n¬, Pohi¿ΩobcoXn A\pkcn®p Zi ImWpI.

(30)

ImeN{IZim t⁄bm N{μmwtiti _em\zntX

kZm \£{Xam¿t§W Zim _ehXo kvarXm.

1. N{μmwtiti _em\zntX ImeN{IZim t⁄bm

˛ N{μs‚ \hmwiØns‚ \mY\v _eaps- ¶n¬ ImeN{IZi A\pkcn®p

^ew AdnbWw.

2. \£{Xam¿t§W Zim kZm _ehXo kvarXm

˛˛ \£{XZi (hnwtimØcn) ˛˛ Ft∏mgpw, F√m kμ¿`ßfnepw,^ew

ImWn°p∂XmWv.

(31)

kamx jjvSn¿ZznLv\m a\pPIcnWmw ]© N \nim

lbm\mw Zzm{XnwiXv JcIc`tbmx ]©IIrXnx

hncq]m km Xzmbp¿hrjalnjtbm¿ZzmZi iq\mw

kvarXw OmKmZo\mw ZiIklnXmx jSv N ]caw.

10. ]cambp v 1. jjvTn¿ZznLv\m a\pPIcnWmw... ˛ a\pjy¿°pw B\Iƒ°pw \q‰n bncp]Xp

h¿jw 5 Znhkw

2. lbm\mw Zzm{XnwiXv ˛ IpXncbv°v ap∏Ønc- p h¿jw

3. JcIc`tbmx ]©IIrXnx ˛ H´IØn\pw IgpXbv°pw Ccp]Ønb©p

h¿jw

4. hncq]m km]ymbpx hrjalnjtbm

˛ Imfbv°pwt]mØn\pw Ccp]Øn\mep h¿jw

5. ZzmZi iq\mw ˛ \mbbv°p ]{¥- p h¿jw

6. OmKmZo\mw ZiIklnXmx jSv ˛ BSn\p ]Xn\mdp h¿jw

 388

Cu t«mIw tlmcmimkv{XØn¬ --\n∂pap≈XmWv. (7˛5)

]cambpx h¿jw

Pohn h¿jw a\pjy≥, B\ 120

IpXnc 32

H´Iw, IgpX 25

Imf, t]mØv 24

\mb 12

BSv 16

(32)

tb [¿ΩI¿Ω\ncXm hnPntX{μnbm›

tb]∞yt`mP\cXm ZznPtZh`‡mx

tb am\hm Z[Xn tb Ipeioekoamw

tXjmanZw IYnXambpcpZmc[o`nx.

11. ]cambp v B¿°p In´pw ?

1. tb [¿ΩI¿Ω\ncXm ˛ [¿ΩI¿Ωßfn¬ \ncXcmbn,

2. hnPntX{μnbm› - ˛ hnPntX{μnbcpambn

3. tb ]∞yt`mP\cXm ˛ ]∞y t`mP\Øn¬ cXcmbn

4. ZznPtZh`‡mx tb am\hm Z[Xn˛ {_m“WtZh`‡cmbn

5. tb Ipeioekoamw ˛ Ipeioe߃ A\pkcn®v Ignbp∂thm

tXjmanZw ˛ B a\pjy¿°mWv Cu Bbp v ]dbp∂Xv.

CXpw tlmcbnep≈ t«mIamWv. PmXI]mcnPmXhpw CXv D≤cn°p∂p- v. .

C∂sØ `mcXob^etPymXnjØns‚ ASnÿm\{KŸsa∂dnbs∏Sp∂

tlmcmimkv{Xw AYhm _rl÷mXIw hnhcn°p∂Xv D®\oNZi, Pohi¿ΩZi,

AwiIZi F∂o aq∂p Zimk{ºZmb߃ am{XamWv. Ah Bbp¿\n¿ÆbØn\p

am{Xa√ s]mXphmb ^e{]hN\Øn\pw D]tbmKn°m≥ th- am¿§\n¿t±ißfpw

AhnsS \¬Ip∂p- v. F∂m¬ GItZiw \m\qdp h¿j߃°p tijw

kamlcn°s∏´ ]cmictlmcbn¬ 28 ZiIsf∏‰n ]dbp∂p- v. Chbn¬

hnwtimØcnbv°p sX°pw AjvtSmØcnbv°p hS°pw C∂p IqSpX¬ -- {]Nmcap- v.

Bbp¿ \n¿ÆbØn\pw km[mcWKXnbn¬ C∂v ChsbØs∂ B{ibn°p∂p.

389 

A≤mbw 23

AjvSIh¿§w

hnjbhnhcw

1. AjvSIh¿§w KWnXØn\v Hcp DZmlcWPmXIw

2. IS-]-bmZn A£-c-kwJy

3. `n∂mjvSh¿§w

4 kqcymjvSh¿§w

5. N{μmjvSh¿§w

6. IpPmjvSh¿§w

7 _p[mjvSh¿§w

8 hymgmjvSh¿§w

9 ip{ImjvSh¿§w

10 i\n AjvSh¿§w

11. AjvSh¿§a\pkcn®v {KlßfpsS CjvScminIfpw A\njvScminIfpw

12. AjvSh¿§ ^ew

13 DØaw, a≤yaw, A[aw

14 ^ew ]dtb- coXn

15. {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w

16 {Kl߃ AjvSh¿§{]Imcw ip`^ew \¬Ip∂sXt∏mƒ?

17 ]m]{KlßfpsS KpWtZmj^e߃1.

1 KWnXØn\v DZmlcWPmXIw

e Ip cN a

ip _p k

˛ ˛

˛ Kp

in ˛ ˛ ˛

 390

2. IS-]-bmZn A£-c-kwJy Cu A≤ymbØnepw A°ßƒ°p]Icw A£ckwJyIfmWv D]tbmKn®n´p

≈X.v AXv A\p_‘Øn¬ (5) sImSpØn´p- v

3 `n∂mjvSh¿§w F´ns‚ h¿§amWv AjvSh¿§w. k]vX{Klßfpw e·hpw tN¿∂XmWv Cu F´v.

(kqcy≥, N{μ≥, IpP≥, _p[≥, Kpcp, ip{I≥, i\n, e·w.) k]vX{Kl߃°p

am{Xta AjvSh¿§app≈q. e·Øns\ IW°n\p ]cnKWn°p∂ps- ¶nepw {Kla√m

ØXn\m¬, AjvSh¿§an√. (Ds- ∂ A`n{]mbap≈hcpw D- v. sImSpß√p¿ ]Xn∏n¬

e·mjvSh¿§ap- v.). PmXIØnse ÿnXnsh®v, Ggp {Kl߃°pw Xßfn¬\n∂pw

a‰p {Klßfn¬\n∂pw e·Øn¬\n∂pambn In´p∂ _eØnt‚Xmb _nμp°fmWv

AjvSh¿§_nμp°ƒ. DZmlcWØnv\v kqcy\v Xm≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS 1, 2, 4, 7,

8, 9, 10, 11 ÿm\ßfn¬ Hmtcm _nμphoXw BsI 8 _nμp°ƒ In´p∂p- v. CXp

t]mse a‰p {Klßfpw kqcy\p _nμp°ƒ \¬Ip∂p- v. AXp {]Imcw BsI

kqcymjvSh¿§w 48 BIpw.

v

(1)

tKmNc{Klhim∑\pPm\mw

b—p`mip`^em`yp]e_vss[y

AjvSh¿KanXn b∑lZp‡w

XXv{]km[\anlm`nhtZ f lw.

tKmNc{KlhimXv a\pPm\mw ˛ tKmNcØn¬, Nmchim¬, a\pjy¿°p,

({Klßfm¬)

bXv ip` Aip` ^ew D]e_vss[y ˛ Fs¥√mw ip`mip`^eßfp- mIpsa∂dn

bp∂Xn\v,

AjvSh¿KanXn bXv alZp‡w ˛ alm∑mcm¬ ]dbs∏´ AjvSh¿§w F∂

k{ºZmbw GXmtWm

XXv {]km[\w Cl A`nhtZ Alw ˛ AXns‚ {]km[\w Rm≥ ChnsS \n¿hln

°p∂p.

(2)

BenJy kayKv`phn cminN{Iw

{KlÿnXnw X÷\\{]hrØmw

XØZv {Kl¿£mXv {Iatim f jvSh¿§w

t{]m‡w ItcmXy£hn[m\a{X.

BenJy kayIv `phn cminN{Iw ˛ \neØp cminN{Iw hc®v

{KlÿnXnw XXv P\\{]hrØmw ˛ (AXn¬)P\\kabsØ {KlÿnXn FgpXn

XØXv {Kl¿£mXv {Iatim AjvSh¿§w

t{]m‡w ItcmXn A£hn[m\w A{X..... ˛ AXmXp {KlßfpsS cminIfn¬\n∂pw

{IaØn¬ A£ßƒ (_nμp°ƒ, ]cepIƒ)

C´v AjvSh¿§w ImWp∂ coXn hnhcn°p∂p..

 391

(3)

]p{Xohkmln[\ntI f ¿°IpPm¿°tPt`ym

ap‡mftI kpcKptcm¿`rKpPmØYm{iox

⁄mZvtKmaXo[\]cm chncnjvStZm f _vPm˛

·otXm∂tb]ypZb`m√LpXm∂]mt{X.

4. kqcymjvSh¿§w

1, 2, 3 kqcy≥, IpP≥, i\n Chcn¬\n∂pw kqcy\p In´p∂ AjvSh¿§_ew A¿° IpP A¿°tPt`ym ˛ (1) kqcy≥, (2) IpP≥, (3) i\n F∂nhcn¬

\n∂pw. (kqcy\p In´p∂) AjvSh¿§w

hmIyw ]p {Xo -h km ln [ \n tI BsI

A£cw ] c h k l [ \ I _nμp°ƒ

cmin 1 2 4 7 8 9 10 11 8

4 hymgØn¬\n∂pw kpcKptcm hymgØn¬\n∂pw kqcy\p In´p∂Xv

ap ‡m f tI

a X f I

5 6 9 11 4

5 ip{I\n¬\n∂pw `rKpPmXv ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂pw kqcy\p In´p∂Xv

X Ym{io

X Y c

6 7 12 3

6 _p[\n¬\n∂pw ⁄mXv ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂pw kqcy\p In´p∂Xv

tKm a Xo [ \ ] cm

K a X [ \ ]

3 5 6 9 10 11 12 7

7 N{μ\n¬\n∂pw Ko tXm ∂ tb

K X \ b

3 6 10 11 4

8 e·m¬ kqcy\p In´p∂ AjvSh¿§_ew DZb`mXv ˛ e·wapX¬ kqcymjvSh¿§w (6 _nμp°ƒ)

e Lp Xm ∂ ]m t{X.

 392

e L X \ ] c

3 4 6 10 11 12

6

9. BsI kqcymjvSh¿§w (48) DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ kqcys‚ AjvSh¿§w.

ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w

5 4 3 4 Ipw`w I¿°SIw

6 (48) 4 aIcw Nnßw 6 2 [\p hr›nIwXpemw I∂n 5 2 4 3

CXp{]Imcw kqcys‚ 48 _nμp°ƒ taSw 4, CShw 3, anYp\w 4....., F∂ {IaØn¬

hcp∂p. AXp {]Imcw At©m AXne[nItam _nμp°fp≈Xv [\p, aIcw, Ipw`w,

ao\w cminIfn¬ am{XamWv. \nba{]Imcw Nmchim¬ Cu \mep cminIfn¬

hcptºmgmWv kqcy≥ Xs‚ `mhm[n]Xyw, ImcIXz߃ F∂nh A\pkcn®p≈ \√

^ew \¬IpI. Cu PmXIØn¬ kqcy≥ CShØnemWv. At∏mƒ aIcw HºXv.

AXp{]Imcw kqcy≥ aIcwcminbn¬ hcptºmƒ HºXmw`mhØns‚ KpW ßfmb

`mKyw XpSßnbh \¬IWw.

(4)

KoXmku P\tI cthx IenXkm∂njvtI XpjmcZyptXx

`uam{OoKpWntX [\ky bpKh∑mkm_vZ\ntXy _p[mXv

PohmXv Iuchk÷\ky `rKpPmZvKqVmflkn≤m⁄bm

aμmZvKWNtb X\o¿KXn\tb N{μx ipt`m tKmNtc.

5. N{μmjvSh¿§w 1. cthx ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w kqcy\n¬\n∂pw

Ko Xm ku P \ tI

K X k P \ I

3 6 7 8 10 11 6

2. XpjmcZyptXx N{μmjvSh¿§w N{μ\n¬\n∂pw

I en X km ∂n jvtI

I e X k ∂ jvtI

1 3 6 7 10 11 6

3. `uam ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w IpP\n¬\n∂pw

{io Kp Wn tX [ \ ky

c K W X [ \ b

2 3 5 6 9 10 11 7

 393

4. _p[mXv ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w _p[\n¬\n∂pw

bp K h ∑m km _vZ \n tXy

b K h a k Z \ b

1 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 8

5. PohmXv ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w hymgØn¬\n∂pw

Iu c h k ÷ \ ky

I c h k P \ b

1 2 4 7 8 10 11 7

6. `rKpPmXv ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w ip{I\n¬\n∂pw

aq Vm fl kn ≤m ⁄ bm

a V a k [ R b

3 4 5 7 9 10 11 7

7. aμmXv ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w i\nbn¬\n∂pw

K W N tb

K W N b

3 5 6 11 4

8. N{μmjvSh¿§w e·Øn¬\n∂pw

K Xn \ tb

K X \ b

3 6 10 11 4

N{μx ipt`m tKmNtc. ˛ N{μ≥ tKmNcØn¬ ip`^ew \¬Ip∂p.

DZmlcWPmXIØnse N{μmjvSIh¿§w

4 1 5 3

6 (49) 5

3 6 5 5 4 2

(5) Xo£vWmwtim¿KWnXm\tI iinctKm√m˛

£mb`qta pXmbv

]p{XohmkP\mb NμcX\bmXv

tKmtaZtI Kojv]tZx

XmImcnknXmØZm Icpit\x

tImhmkZmt[\ptIm

e·mXXv kzmXv IenXw \tbXv £nXnkpXx

t£a{]tZm tKmhtc.

 394

6. IpPmjvSh¿§w 1. Xo£vWmwtim ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂pw

K Wn Xm \ tI

K W X \ I

3 5 6 10 11 5

2. iin ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂pw

tKm £m b

K j b

3 6 11 3

3. `qta pXmXv ˛ IpP\n¬\n∂pw

]p {Xo hm k P \m b

] c h k P \ b

1 2 4 7 8 10 11 7

4. N{μX\bmXv ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂pw

tKmtaZtI

K a Z I

3 5 6 11 4

5. Kojv]tZx ˛ Kpcphn¬\n∂pw

X ∂m Im cn

X \ I c

6 10 11 12 4

6. knXmXv ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂pw

I cp i t\x

I c i \

6 8 11 12 4

7. i\nbn¬\n∂pw

tIm hm k Zm t[ \p tIm

I h k Z [ \ I

1 4 7 8 9 10 11 7

8. e·mXXv kzmXv ˛ e·Øn¬\n∂pw

IenXw \tb¬

I e X \ b

1 3 6 10 11 5

DZmlcWPmXIØnse IpPmjvSh¿§w

 395

6 2 3 2 4 5 ( 39) 4 1 2 2 4 4

(6)

kuaymtZymKiXw [ss\x Ipcpcth¿tajm[nI{ioKptcmx

tXtPm b{X bamctbmx ]pchkw ZnKvt[ \tb `m¿KhmXv

]pt{Xm K¿`alm‘tI ]c`rXmw Zm\mb e·m’p[m˛

aq¿tXx {]mhrjn Pm\Io iinkpXkvXz{X ÿnXt›—p`x.

7 _p[mjvSh¿§w 1. kuaymXv ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂v

tbm K i Xw [ ss\x Ip cp

b K i X [ \ I cp

1 3 5 6 9 10 11 12 8

2. cthx ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂v

ta jm [n I {io

a j [ I c

5 6 9 11 12 5

3. Kptcmx ˛ hymgØn¬\n∂v

tXtPmb{Xbamctbm

X P b c

6 8 11 12 4

4. ba Bctbm ˛ i\nbn¬\n∂pw IpP\n¬\n∂pw

]p c h k Zn Kvt[ \ tb

] c h k Z [ \ b

1 2 4 7 8 9 10 11 8, 8

5. `m¿KhmXv ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂v

]p t{Xm K ¿` a lm ‘ tI

] c K ` a l [ I

1 2 3 4 5 8 9 11 8

7. ]c`rXmw Zm\mb

] c ` X Z \ b

1 2 4 6 8 10 11 7

e·mXv ˛ e·Øn¬\n∂v

 396

8. kp[maq¿tX ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂v

{]mhrjn P\Io

c h j P \ I

2 4 6 8 10 11 6

DZmlcWPmXIØnse _p[mjvSh¿§w

6 6 3 5 5 (54) 5 6 3 5 2 5 3

(7)

am¿ØmfimXv Icem`k÷[\ntIN{μm{ZptajmfntI

`uamXv Inw{]`pkqZ\mb Ich»n£m[\mtVy _p[mXv

]p{XoK¿`kZm\tI kpcKptcmx kz¿√£van Nt{μ it\x

{ioat¥m [\nImx knXmXv Icnhntijkn≤n\nXyw Xt\mx

8 hymgmjvSh¿§w 1. am¿ØmfimXv ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂v

I c em ` k ÷ [ \n tI

I c e ` k P [ \ I

1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 11 9

2. N{μmXv ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂v

cp ta jm fn tI

c a j f I

2 5 7 9 11 5

3. `uamXv ˛ IpP\n¬\n∂v

Inw {] `p kq Z \m b

I c ` k Z \ b

1 2 4 7 8 10 11 7

4. Ich»n£m[\mtVy

I c h i j [ \ V

1 2 4 5 6 9 10 11 8

_p[mXv ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂v

5. ]p{XoK¿`kZm\tI

] c K ` k Z \ I

1 2 3 4 7 8 10 11 8

kpcKptcmx ˛ hymgØn¬\n∂v

 397

6. e jvanNt{μ

e a N c

3 5 6 12 4

it\x ˛ i\nbn¬\n∂v

7. {ioat¥m [\nImXv

c a X [ \ I

2 5 6 9 10 11 6

knXmXv ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂v

8. e·mXv

Icnhntijkn≤n\nXyw

I c h i j k [ \ X

1 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 9

Xt\mx ˛ e·mXv

DZmlcWPmXIØnse hymgmjvSh¿§w

5 2 6 5 5 (56) 3 6 6 3 6 4 5

(8)

PmXymw {iokvXp cth¿hnt[mx ]pcKhmatμmf]pt{X Xt\mx

]utc em`aZmfntI Ipcpehw tamtl [t\tVy `rtKmx

tem`kvXmfn]tc IpPm{ZhnkpXm¬ K¿`w alm_v[u \tb

⁄mf£vaoNpftI Kptcm¿aZ[XmtVym f ku `rKp kuJyZ.

9 ip{ImjvSh¿§w 1. PmXymw {iokvXp

P b c

8 11 12 3

cth ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂v

2. hnt[mx ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂v

]pcKhmatμmf]pt{X

] c K h a Z f ] c

1 2 3 4 5 8 9 11 12 9

 398

3. Xt\m ˛ e·Øn¬\n∂v

]utc em`aZmfntI

] c e ` a Z f I

1 2 3 4 5 8 9 11 8

4. Ipcpehw tamtl [t\tVy

I c e h a l [ \ V

1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 9

`rtKm ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂v

5. tem`ÿmfn]tc

e ` Y f ] c

3 4 6 9 11 12 6

IpP ˛ IpP\v

6. chnkpXmXv ˛ i\nbn¬\n∂v

K¿`w alm_v[u \tb

K ` a l [ \ b

3 4 5 8 9 10 11 7

7. ⁄mXv - -˛ _p[\n¬\n∂v

e£vao NpftI

e a N f I

3 5 6 9 11 5

8. Kptcm ˛ Kpcphn¬\n∂v

aZ[m\mtVy

a Z [ \ b

5 8 9 10 11 5

DZmlcWPmXIØnse ip{ImjvSh¿§w

7 6 4 5 3 4 (52) 5 4 5 2 3 4

(9)

cth¿bm{XmhoYn P\b iint\m e£b it\x

KptWkvXptXym `uamXv KWnX\nItcm f ku ip`Icx

iXmImtc PohmØZ[\]tc ⁄mZpZb`mXv

Iem`qXm\tay `rKpP NbtJ kqcyX\b.

 399

10. i\n AjvSh¿§w 1. cth ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂v

bm{XmhoYn P\b

b c h Y P \ b

1 2 4 7 8 10 11 7

2. iint\m ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂v

e£b

e j b

3 6 11 3

3. it\x ˛ i\nbn¬\n∂v

KptWkvXtXym

K W X b

3 5 6 11 4

4. `uamXv ˛ IpP\n¬\n∂v

KWnX\nItcm

K W X \ I c

3 5 6 10 11 12 6

5. iXmImtc

i X I c

5 6 11 12 4

PohmXv ˛ Kpcphn¬\n∂v

6. X[\]tc

X Z [ \ ] c

6 8 9 10 11 12 6

⁄mXv ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂v

7. DZb`mXv ˛ e·Øn¬\n∂v

Iem`qXm\tay

I e ` X \ b

1 3 4 6 10 11 6

8. `rKpP ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂v

N b tJ

6 11 12 3

kqcyX\b ˛ i\nbpsS AjvSh¿§w

 400

DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ i\nbpsS AjvSh¿§w

6 2 2 4 4 2 (39) 4 4 4 2 3 2

(10)

CXn \nKZnXanjvSw t\jvSa\yZzntijm˛

Z[nI^ehn]mIw P∑n\mw X{X ZZypx

D]NbKrlan{Xtkzm®ssKx ]pjvSanjvSw

Xz]NbKrl\oNmcmXnssK¿t\jvSkºXv.

11. AjvSh¿§a\pkcn®v {KlßfpsS

CjvScminIfpw A\njvScminIfpw

1 CXn \nKZnXw CjvSw ˛ Cßs\ {KlßfpsS CjvScminIƒ

]dbs∏´ncn°p∂p.

2. \ CjvSa\yXv ˛ tijn®h (Cßs\ _nμpp°ƒ C√mØh)

3. hntijmXv A[nI^ehn]mIw P∑n\mw X{X ZZypx ˛ AhnsS (A[nIw _nμp°fp≈

cminIfn¬) AXmXp {Kl߃ A[nIamb

4. D]NbKrl an{X tkzm®ssKx ]pjvSanjvSw

˛ {KlßfpsS Cu CjvScminIƒ°v D]Nbw, an{Xt£{Xw, D®cmin XpSßnb

_e߃ IqSnbps- ¶n¬ Ah IqSpX¬ ^e]pjvSßfmIp∂p.

5 A]NbKrl\oNmcmXnssK¿t\jvSkºXv

˛ F∂m¬ AXn\p ]Icw A]Nbw, \oNcmin, i{Xpt£{Xw F∂nhbmsW¶n¬

^ew AXn\\pkcn®p Ipdbp∂p.

(11)

IrXzmjvSh¿Kw ZypkZmw {InbmZn˛

jzss£¿hnlot\ arXntcI_ntμmx

\mtim hytbm `oXy`bm¿∞\mco˛

{iocmPykn≤nx {Iaix ^em\n.

12. AjvSh¿§ ^ew

IrXzmjvSh¿§w...

˛ AjvSh¿§Øn¬ In´nb _nμp°ƒ{]Imcw, Hmtcm {Klhpw AXmXp

cminIfn¬°qSn IS∂pt]mIptºmƒ, D- mIp∂ ^ew.

 401

Ass£¿hnlot\ arXn ˛ _nμp°ƒ H∂pwXs∂ Cs√¶n¬ arXn

GI_ntμmx \mtim hytbm ....

1. Hcp _nμpth D≈qsh¶n¬ ˛ \miw

2. c- p _nμp°tf D≈qsh¶n¬ ˛ hybw

3. aq∂p _nμp°tf D≈qsh¶n¬ ˛ `bw

4. \mep _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶n¬ ˛ A`bw

5. A©p _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶n¬ ˛ [\w

6. Bdp _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶n¬ ˛ kv{XokpJw

7. Ggp _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶n¬ ˛ sFizcyw

8. F´p _nμp°fpw Ds- ¶n¬ ˛ cmPykn≤n

13 DØaw, a≤yaw, A[aw

At©m AXne[nItam _nμp°fps- ¶n¬ DØaw, \mep _nμp°ƒ a≤yaw,

\men\p Xmsg A[aw F∂ \nbaamWv CXn\Snÿm\w.

Cu ^e߃ A£cm¿∞Øn¬ FSpt°- Xn√. Nmchim¬ kqcy≥ X\n°p

_nμp°ƒ H∂pw In´mØ cminbn¬°qSn IS∂p t]mIptºmƒ Hcmsf sIm√psat∂m

F´p _nμp°fpw In´nb cminbn¬ hcptºmƒ cmPmhm°psat∂m CXn\¿∞an√.

PmXImep≈ ^eßfpsS kq£va kab\n¿ÆbØn\p Nmc^e߃ klmbn°p∂p

sh∂v FSpØm¬ aXn.

(12)

XØXv{Klm[njvTnXk¿hcmiow

X’w⁄nXw e·anXn {]I¬]y

tX`yx ^em\yjvShn[m\n `qbm˛

kvXØX v{KlmXv `mhhimZzZ¥p.

14 ^ew ]dtb- coXn XØXv{Klm[njvTnXk¿hcmiow ˛ {Kl߃ \n¬°p∂ cminIsf

X’w⁄nXw e·anXn {]I¬]y ˛ e·ambn FSpØv AhnSwapX¬

XX v{KlmXv `mhhimXv ˛ B {KlØns‚ `mhhimep≈

tX`yx ^em\n AjvShn[m\n ˛ AjvSh¿§^ew

hZ¥p. ˛ ]dbWw.

PmXImep≈ `mh߃ sh®v ^ew ]dbp∂ coXnbmWv s]mXpthbp≈Xv. Cu

t«mIØn¬ {Klw \n¬°p∂ cminsb e·amsbSpØv ^ew ]dtb- coXn AhXcn

∏n°p∂p. t«mIw 14˛¬ hnjbw XpScp∂p- v.

 402

(13)

XØv{Kl¿£mwiIXpey`mwiw

ÿnXzm {Klm›mchimZnZm\ow

XssYh X¤mhkap∞nXm\n

^em\n Ip¿h¥n ip`mip`m\n.

XØv{Kl¿£mwiIXpey`mwiw ÿnXzm {Klm›mchimZnZm\ow.....

˛ {Kl߃ PmXIØn¬ ÿnXnsNøp∂ cmin\hmwi߃°p Xpeyambn

Nmchim¬ hcptºmƒ AXmXp `mh߃°\pkrXamb ip`tam Aip`tam

Bb ^e߃ sNøp∂p

. (14)

IrtX f jvSh¿Kw kXn ImcI¿£mXv˛

bZv`mhap‡m¶apss]Xn tJSx

XZv`mh]pjvSnw kipt`m f ipt`m hm

ItcmXy\pt‡ hn]coXtah.

IrtX f jvSh¿Kw kXn ImcI¿£mXv bZv`mhap‡m¶apss]Xn tJSx

˛ Hcp {KlØns‚ AjvSh¿§w C´p Ign™m¬ GXp cminbnemWv A[nIw

_nμp°ƒ h∂n´p≈sX∂p t\m°pI. {Klw \n¬°p∂ cminsb e·ambn

I- v, B CjvScmin F{Xmw `mhambmWv hcp∂sX∂pw t\m°pI.

XZv`mh]pjvSnw kipt`m f ipt`m hm ItcmXy\pt‡ hn]coXtah.

˛ Hcp {Klw (ip`\mbmepw Aip`\mbmepw) B CjvScmibn¬°qSn IS∂p

t]mIptºmƒ B `mhØns‚ ^ew ]pjvSns∏SpØp∂p. AXpt]mse _nμp°ƒ

Ipdhp≈ cminbn¬°qSn IS∂p t]mIptºmƒ AXn\\pkrXambn ^ehpw

Ipdbp∂p.

(15)

GI{X `mth _lthm bZm ln

ap‡m¶Km›mchimZv{hP¥n

]pjvW¥n XZv`mh^em\n kayIv

XXvImcImØØ\p]p¿h`mtK.

_nμp_eap≈p≈ H∂n¬°qIqSpX¬ {Kl߃ Hcp `mhØn¬°qSn Htc

kabw IS∂p t]mIpIbmsW¶n¬ AXmXp `mhØn\p ]pjvSn A\p`hs∏Spw.

DZmlcWw (1)

PmXIm¬ Nmchim¬

Kpcp Nnßw taSw (9)

i\n anYp\w taSw (11)

taSØn¬ / taSØn\v AjvSh¿§_eaps- ¶n¬ Kpcp HºXmw `mhØns‚bpw

i\n ]Xns\m∂mw `mhØnt‚bpw ip`^ew \¬Ipw.

 403

DZmlcWw (2)

k¿hmjvSh¿§Øn¬ _nμp_eap≈ taSw PmXIm¬ ]Xns\m∂mw `mhamsW

∂ncn°s´. Nmchim¬ AhnsS hcp∂ {Klßsf√mw ip`^ew

\¬Ipw. (^eØns‚ kz`mhw ImcIXzhpw B[n]Xyhpw A\pkcn®ncn°pw.)

(16)

_nμu ÿntX XXv^ekn≤nIme

hn\n¿Wbmb {]lntX f jvSh¿tK

`m\yjvS[m X{X hn`Py I£ymx

{ItaW tXjmw ^eamlpct\y.

AjvSh¿§Øn¬ _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶n¬ ^ekn≤nImesØ \n¿Æbn°p∂Xn\v

B cminsb F´mbn `mKn®p I£ym{IaØn\p AXns‚ ^esØ ]dbWw F∂mWv

NnecpsS A`n{]mbw

15. {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w

(17)

BenJy N{Iw \h ]q¿htcJmx

bmtaymØcÿm Zi N {XntcJmx

{]kvXmcIw jWvWhXn{]tImjvTw

]¶XyjvSIw NmjvSIh¿KPw (1) kymXv.

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ ]¿÷\yI©mjvSIh¿§Pw kymXv.

Ing°p ]Sn™mdv HºXphcbpw sX°phS°v ]Xnaq∂phcbpwhc®m¬ 96

I≈nIƒ In´pw. CXnemWv hniZamb AjvSh¿§w tcJs∏SptØ- Xv. apIfn¬\n∂p

Xmtgm´v F´p I≈nIfnembn Ggp {Klßfpw e·hpw. CSØp\n∂pw hetØm´v

]{¥- p I≈nIfnembn ]{¥- p cminIƒ ˛˛ CXmWv Dt±in°p∂Xv.

(18)

tlmcmiiot_m[\ip{Ikqcy˛

`uamatc{μm¿NnX`m\p]p{Xmx

bmaymZn]¶XyjvSI(1)cmin\mYmx

{ItaW XZv_nμp^e{]Zmx kypx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ ]¿÷\y

Hcp cminsb F´m°nbXn¬ Htcm I≈n°pw B[n]Xyw e·w, N{μ≥, _p[≥,

ip{I≥, kqcy≥, IpP≥, Kpcp, i\n F∂nhbv°mWp hcpI.

(19)

cmiyjvS`mK{]YamwiImte

i\n¿ZznXotb Xp Kpcpx ^emb

I£ym{ItassWhanlm¥y`mK˛

Imte hne·w ^eZw {]ZnjvSw.

 404

BZysØ I≈nbn¬ i\n, AXn\p Xmsg Kpcp, G‰hpw XmgsØ I≈nbn¬

e·w Cu {IaØnemWv I≈nIfpsS B[n]Xyw hcpI. Hcp cminsb F´p

`mKam°nbm¬ Hcp `mKØns‚ ssZ¿Lyw 3 `mK 45 Ie. taSw cmin FSp°mw. Cu

\nbaamWv AjvSh¿§Øn¬ {Klßsf ]ckv]cw _‘s∏SpØp∂Xpw IrXyamb

^e{]hN\Øn\p klmbn°p ∂Xpw.

1 DZmlcWPmXIØnse kqcys‚ {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w.

taSw CShw anYp\wI¿°SNnßw I∂n Xpemw hr›n [\p aIcw Ipw`w ao\w BsI

a 0 ˛ 0 0 ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ 0 0 0 0 8

Ip 0 0 ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ 0 0 0 0 0 ˛ 8

c ˛ 0 0 ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ 0 0 0 0 0 8

ip ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ 0 0 ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ 0 3

_p 0 ˛ ˛ 0 ˛ 0 0 ˛ ˛ 0 0 0 7

N ˛ ˛ ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ ˛ 0 0 4

e ˛ 0 0 ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ ˛ 0 0 0 ˛ 6

2 DZmlcWPmXIØnse BsI {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w.

N c _p ip Ip Kp a BsI

taSw 1 4 6 6 2 2 2 23

CShw 5 3 3 4 3 6 2 26

anYp\w 3 4 5 5 2 5 4 28

I¿°Sw 5 4 5 4 5 3 2 28

Nnßw 6 2 3 4 1 6 4 26

I∂n 2 3 3 4 4 5 2 23

Xpemw 4 4 5 3 4 4 3 27

hr›nIw 5 2 2 2 2 6 2 21

[\p 5 5 5 5 2 3 4 29

aIcw 3 6 6 5 4 6 4 34

Ipw`w 6 6 5 3 4 5 4 33

ao\w 4 5 6 7 6 5 6 39

BsI 49 48 54 52 39 56 39 337

3 DZmlcWØn\v, kqcy\p taSØn¬ In´nb 4 _nμp°fpsS hnhcw:

1) 1 ˛ 3.45 ˛ i\n 0

2) 3.45 ˛ 7.30 ˛ Kpcp 0

3) 7.30 ˛ 11.15 ˛ IpP≥ 0

4) 11.15 ˛ 15 ˛ kqcy≥

5) 15 ˛ 18.45 ˛ ip{I≥ ˛

6) 18.45 ˛ 22.30 ˛ _p[≥ 0

7) 22.30 ˛ 26.15 ˛ N{μ≥ ˛

8) 26˛15 30 ˛ e·w ˛

 405

DZmlcWPmXIØn¬, kqcymjvSh¿§Øn¬, taSØn¬ F´p `mKßfp≈Xn¬ 1,

2, 3, 6 `mKßfn¬ kqcy\p _nμp°fp- v. kqcy≥ taSØns‚ Cu `mKßfn¬

hcptºmƒ kabw A\pIqeambncn°p Ibpw sNøpw. kqcys‚ \o°w t\m°n IrXyw

XnbXnIfpw Is- Ømw.

(20)

k¿h{KlmWmw {]lntXm f jvSh¿tK

XXvImecminÿnX_nμptbmtK

AjvSm£kwJym[nI_nμht›Xv

ip`w XZqt\ hyk\w {ItaW.

k¿h{KlmWmw {]lntXm AjvSh¿tK

˛ F√m {Kl߃°pw (ta¬∏d™Xpt]mse)\n›bn°s∏´ AjvSh¿§ßfn¬

XXvImecminÿnX_nμptbmtK

˛ P\\kabsØ {KlÿnXn A\pkcn®p≈ _nμp°fn´Xn¬

AjvSm£kwJym[nI_nμht›Xv ip`w

˛ AjvSh¿§_nμpkwJy A[nIaps- ¶n¬

ip`w

˛ ip`^eap- mIpw.

XZqt\ hyk\w

˛ Aßns\bs√¶n¬ hyk\w ˛ tZmj^ew.

F√m {KlßfpsSbpw {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§an´n´v Hmtcm {KlØn\pw Hmtcm

cminbnepw F{X _nμp°fp- ∂p IW°m°Ww. Nmchim¬ Hcp {Klw Hcp

cminbn¬ k©cn°ptºmƒ B cminbn¬ B {KlØn\v At©m AXne[nItam

_nμp°fp- ¶n¬ ip`amWv.

16. k¿hmjvSh¿§w F√m {KlßfpsSbpw AjvSh¿§w tN¿∂Xv k¿hmjvSIh¿§w

DZmlcWPmXIØnse k¿hmjvSIh¿§w˛˛

ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w

39 23 26 28

Ipw`w I¿°SIw

33 BsI 28

aIcw 337 Nnßw

34 25

[\p hr›nIwXpemw I∂n

29 21 27 24

 406

BsIbp≈ 337 _nμp°sf 12 cminIƒsIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ 28 In´pw.

AXp{]Imcw Ccp]sØt´m AXne[nItam _nμp°ƒ hoWn´p≈ cminIƒ ip`Ic

ambncn°pw. _nμp°ƒ IqSpw tXmdpw ^ehpw IqSpw. AXpt]mse Ccp]sØ´n¬\n∂pw

Ipdbpw tXmdpw ^ehpw Ipdbpw. k¿hmjvSIh¿§ambXn\m¬ CXv F√m{Kl߃

°pw Hcpt]msebmWv. AXmbXv, Cu PmXIØn¬ ao\w cminbn¬ Nmchim¬ F√m

{Klßfpw s]mXpsh A\pIqeambncn°pw.

(21)

bmh¥pkvXpln\cptNx ip`m¶kwÿm

bmh¥x ip``ht\ lnaZyptX¿hm

C∞w XZznZnXanlm[ntI N tX`yx (1)

kvXkvXyqt\ hn]ZnXn kqNnXw ]tcjmw.

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ NXp¿`n

17 {Kl߃ AjvSh¿§{]Imcw ip`^ew \¬Ip∂sXt∏mƒ?

bmh¥pkvXpln\cptNx ip`m¶kwÿm N{μ≥ AjvSh¿§_etØmsS \n¬°pI

bmh¥x ip``ht\ lnaZyptX¿hm ˛ N{μ≥ (AjvSh¿§_etØmsS)

ip``h\Øn¬ \n¬°pI

C∞w XZznZnXanlm[ntI N tX`yx ˛ Cu ÿnXnIƒ H∂ns\m∂p ip`IcamWv

kvXkvXyqt\ hn]ZnXn kqNnXw ]tcjmw.˛ CXn\p hn]coXambncp∂m¬ ^ehpw

hn]coXambncn°pw.

kqNnXw ]tcjmw. F∂p Nne¿ kqNn∏n°p∂p.

(22)

I¿Øpx kzP∑kabmhkY{KlmWmw

IrXzmjvSh¿KIYnXm£hn[m\a{X

_lz£tbmKhiXx ip`cminamk˛

`mh{KlÿnXnjp I¿aip`w hnZ[ymXv.

I¿Øpx kzP∑kabmhkY {KlmWmw ˛ P\\kabsØ {Kl\nebp- m°n

IrXzmjvSh¿KIYnXm£hn[m\a{X ˛ AjvSh¿§Øn¬ ]dbp∂ _nμp°fnSp

ºmƒ

_lz£tbmKhiXx ˛ In´p∂, IqSpX¬ _nμp°fp≈,

ip`cminamk`mh{KlÿnXnjp ˛ ip`Icamb, cmin˛amk˛`mhßfn¬

I¿aip`w ˛ I¿aKpWw, {]h¿ØnhnPbw

hnZ[ymXv. ˛ D- mIpsa∂dnbpI..

AjvSh¿§Øn¬ [mcmfw _nμp°fp≈ cmin˛amkßfn¬ hcptºmƒ {Kl߃

ip`^ew \¬Ip∂p.

 407

(23)

]mt]m f ]n kzKrlÿt›Xv

`mhhr≤nw ItcmXyew

\oNmcmXnKrlÿt›Xv

IpcymX v `mh£bw {[phw.

18 ]m]{KlßfpsS KpWtZmj^e߃

]mt]m A]n kzKrlÿ tNXv ˛ ]m]cmbncp∂mepw {Kl߃ (Nmchim¬)

kzt£{XØn¬ hcptºmƒ

`mhhr≤nw ItcmXyew ˛ `mhhr≤nsb sNøp∂p.

\oNmcmXnKrlÿt›Xv ˛ \oNcminbntem i{Xpt£{XØntem

BsW¶n¬ IpcymX v `mh£bw {[phw. ˛ `mh£bhpw sNøp∂p.

(24)

tkzm®tÿm]n ipt`m `mhlm\nw Zpÿm\t]m bZn

kpÿm\]t›Xv tkzm®ÿx ]m]o `mhm\ypIqeIrXw.

Zpÿm\t]m bZn ˛ Hcp {Klw Zpÿm\m[n]\msW¶n¬

ipt`m ˛ ip`\msW¶nepw

tkzm®tÿm]n ˛ D®ÿ\msW¶nepw

`mhlm\nw ˛ `mhsØ \in∏n°p∂p.

]m]o ˛ Hcp {Klw ]m]nbmsW¶nepw

kpÿm\]t›Xv tkzm®ÿ ˛ kpÿm\m[n]\pw D®ÿ\pamsW¶n¬

`mhm\ypIqeIrXw. ˛ `mhsØ ]pjvSns∏SpØp∂p.

408 

A≤mbw 24

AjvSIh¿§w (XpS¿®)

1. \n¿ΔN\߃

1. AjvSh¿§w

2. `n∂mjvSIh¿§w

3. {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w

4. {XntImWtim[\bpw GIm[n]Xytim[\bpw

5.. ip≤]nfiw

2 Nne {][m\ AjvSh¿§^e߃ .

1. kqcymjvSh¿§^ew (]nXrt¢iw)

{XntImW\£{X߃

tim[y]nfiw

tim[yhpw timjhpw.

2. N{μmjvSh¿§^ew (amXrlm\n)

3. IpPmjvSh¿§^ew (ktlmZcKpWw)

4. _p[mjvSh¿§^ew (_‘pKpWw)

5. hymgmjvSh¿§^ew (]p{XKpWw)

. 6. ip{ImjvSh¿§^ew (If{XKpWw)

7. aμmjvSh¿§^ew (PmXIs‚ arXn)

3. {XntImWtim[\

4. GIm[n]Xytim[\

5 DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ k]vX{KlßfpsS AjvSh¿§w,

tim[\Iƒ°p apºpw ]n≥]pw

6. tim[y]nfiw

7. cminKpWImc߃

8. {KlKpWImc߃

9. ImeN{I ZimKW\

10 lcW߃

11. kapZmbmjvSh¿§w

12. kapZmbmjvSh¿§^ew

 409

1. \n¿ΔN\߃

1. AjvSh¿§w Hcp cminsb F´p `mKßfm°nbpw e·hpw k]vX{Klßfpw tN¿∂ F´ns\

_‘s∏SpØnbpw BWv AjvSh¿§w ImWp∂Xv. AjvSIh¿§Øn¬ Hcp cminbn¬

hcmhp∂ G‰hpw henb kwJy F´mWv. .kqcymjvSh¿§w, N{μmjvSh¿§w, IpPmjvS

h¿§w, _p[mjvSh¿§w, Kp¿hmjvSh¿§w, ip{ImjvSh¿§w, aμmjvSh¿§w, e·mjvS

h¿§w. F∂nhbmWv AjvSh¿§w.. {KlßfpsS AjvSh¿§_ew ImWp∂Xn\v D]

tbmKs∏SpØp∂ps- ¶nepw, e·mjvSh¿§w e·Øns‚ ^e{]hN\Øn\p hcp∂n√.

.

2. `n∂mjvSIh¿§w AjvSh¿§anSptºmƒ cminN{Iw hc®v AXmXv A£ßƒ°v AXmXp

{KlßfpsS t]scgpXp∂XmWv `n∂mjvSh¿§w. Hmtcm cminbnepw BcpsSsb√mw

A£amWp hoWncn°p∂sX\p a\ n°m≥ CXv D]Icn°pw.

3. {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w k]vX{Klßfpw e·hpw F´pw Hmtcm cminbptSbpw 1/8 `mKØns‚ ]XnIfmWv.

GXp I£ybnemtWm A£w hngp∂Xv, B `mKØp k©cn°ptºmgmWv B

AjvSh¿§ \mY≥ Xs‚ ImcIXz߃ A\pkcn®p≈ ^ew \¬Ip∂Xv. (Hcp `mKw

30/8 = 3.45 Un{Kn)

4. {XntImWtim[\bpw GIm[n]Xytim[\bpw AjvSh¿§Øn¬ Hmtcm {KlßfpsSbpw A£ßƒ C´p Ign™m¬ ]ns∂

D]cnKWnXØn\p th- n Ahsb {Ias∏SpØn FSp°p∂XmWv Ch. c- pw \∂mep

XcØn¬ sNøm\p- v

5. ip≤]nfiw AjvSh¿§Øn¬ {XntImWtim[\bpw GIm[n]Xytim[\bpw Ign®v tijap≈

A£ßsf AXmXp cminIfptSbpw AhnsS \n¬°p∂ {KlßfptSbpw KpWImcw

sIm- v vKpWn®v F√mwIqSn Iq´n°n´p∂XmWv ip≤]nfiw.

tlmcmimkv{Xw HºXma≤ymbw AjvSh¿§{]IcWamWv. AXn¬ BsI F´p

t«mIßtf D≈q ˛˛ Ggp t«mIßfn¬ Ggp {KlßfpsS AjvSIh¿§ßfpw

F´masØ t«mIØn¬ Ah ^ehn]mIsØ Fßs\ kzm[o\n°p∂psh∂pw

hnhcn°p∂p. (Cu t«mIw Ign™ A≤ymbØn¬ ]Ømwt«mIambn h∂n´p- v.) Cu

F´p t«mIfpsS hnjbsØbmWv ^e Zo]nIc- ≤ymbßfnembn 68 t«mIßfn¬

hnhcn®n´p≈Xv. BZyImeØv Nmc^ew kq£vaam°m≥ D]tbmKn®ncp∂

AjvSIh¿§w C∂v ^e{]hN\Øn\p≈ Hcp {]tXyI imJ (Ashtakavarga system of Prediction) bmbnØs∂ hf¿∂n´p- v.

^eZo]nI Ign™ A≤ymbØn¬ `n∂mjvSh¿§w, {]kvXmcmjvSh¿§w,

k¿hmjvSh¿§w, F∂nh {]Xn]mZn®p. Cu A≤ymbØn¬ AjvSh¿§sØ Iptd°qSn

kq£vam°m\p≈ {InbIfmb {XntImWtim[\, GIm[n]Xytim[\ F∂nhbpw B

tim[\Iƒ°ptijap≈AjvSh¿§wD]tbmKn®p≈ ^e{]hN\coXnbpw hnhcn°p∂p

 410

2. Nne {][m\ AjvSh¿§^e߃ .

1. ]nXrt¢iw (kqcymjvSh¿§^ew) (1 ˛ 3)

A¿°ÿnXky \htam cminx ]nXrKrlx kvarXx

X{Zmin^ekwJym`n¿h¿≤tbt—m[y]nfiIw.

k]vXhnwilrXm√_v[w \£{Xw bmXn `m\ptP

Xkvan≥ Imte ]nXrt¢tim `hnjyXn \ kwibx.

XXv {XntImWKtX hm f ]n ]nXrXpeyky hm arXnx

kwtbmKx tim[ytimjmWmw tim[y]nfi CXn kvarXx.

1. A¿°ÿnXky \htam cminx - ˛ kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS HºXmwcmin.

2. ]nXrKrlx kvarXx ˛ ]nXr`mhamWv

3. XXv cmin^ekwJym`n ˛ B cminbpsS kwJysIm- v

4. h¿≤tbXv tim[y]nfiIw ˛ tim[y]nfisØ* s]cp°n AXns\

5. k]vXhnwilrXme_v[w ˛ 27 sIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ In´p∂

6. \£{Xw ˛ \£{XØn¬°qSn

7. bmXn `m\ptP ˛ i\n k©cn°ptºmƒ

6. Xkvan≥ Imte ]nXrt¢tim `hnjyXn˛ ]nXrt¢iw D- mIpw.

7. XXv {XntImWKtX hm]n ˛ AXns‚ {XntImW\£{Xßfn¬**

8. ]nXrXpeyky hm arXnx ˛ A—\p Xpey\mb Bƒ°v (DZm: ]nXr

** {XntImW\£{X߃ 1 10 19

AizXn aIw aqew

`cWn ]qcw ]qcmSw

Im¿ØnI D{Xw D{XmSw

tcmlnWn AØw XncpthmWw

aIbncw Nn{X Ahn´w

XncphmXnc tNmXn NXbw

]pW¿Xw hnimJw ]qcqcp´mXn

]qbw A\ngw D{X´mXn

Bbneyw Xrt°´ tchXn

KWnXw 1. DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ kqcy≥ CShØn¬.

CShØn¬\n∂pw HºXmwcmin aIcw.

2. B cminbpsS kwJysIm- v (kqcymjvSh¿§Øn¬ aIcØnse _nμp°ƒ

sIm- v.) AYhm BdpsIm- v tim[y]nfisØ s]cp°Ww.

tim[y]nfiw ˛ 84 (tim[y]nfiw F¥msW∂pw 84 F∂ kwJy Fßns\

In´p∂psh∂pw hgntb hnhcn°p∂p- v.)

= 84 x 6 = 504 4. 504 s\ 27 sIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ injvSw hcp∂Xv 18.

AizXnbn¬\n∂pw ]Xns\´masØ \£{Xw = Xrt°´.

 411

5. i\n Xrt°´bn¬°qSn k©cn°ptºmƒ B kabØv ]nXrt¢iw

D- mIpw.

6. i\n AXns‚ (Xrt°´bpsS) {XntImW\£{Xßfmb tchXn, Bbneyw

Chbn¬ \n¬°ptºmƒ A—\p Xpey\mb Bƒ°v (]nXrktlmZc\v) acWw

kw`hn°mw.

* tim[y]nfiw kwtbmKx tim[ytimjmWmw tim[y]nfi CXn kvarXx

˛ tim[yw, timjw ChbpsS kwtbmKamWv tim[y]nfiw. (timjØn\p ]Icw

tijw F∂pw ImWp∂p.)

tim[yhpw timjhpw.

AjvSh¿§Ønse bYm¿∞kwJybpw GIm[n]Xytim[\, {XntImWtim[\

F∂nhbv°p tijap≈ kwJybpw BWv Chsb∂mWv Nne hymJymXm°fpsS

A`n{]mbw. a‰p NnecpsS A`n{]mbw CXv Xmsg 23 apX¬ 26 hscbp≈ t«mIßfn¬

]dbp∂, Bbp¿±mbØns‚ kμ¿`Øn¬ hnhcn°p∂, kwJybmWv F∂mWv. kμ¿`

hpambn IqSpX¬ tbmPn°p∂Xv AXmIbm¬ B coXnbmWv ChnsS kzoIcn®n´p≈Xv.

tUm.. _n. hn. cma\pw Cu coXnXs∂bmWv ]n¥pS¿∂n´p≈Xv.

Ccp]tØgv \£{XkwJybmW.v Ccp]tØgp \£{X߃ tNcptºmƒ Hcp

afieamIpw. (13˛20 x 27 = 360). tim[y]nfisØ AjvSh¿§wsIm- p s]cp°ptºmƒ

In´p∂ DØcw km[mcW 360 Un{Knbn¬ IqSpXembncn°pw. AXpsIm- mWv AXns\

Ccp]Øntbgp sIm- p lcn°p∂Xv. AXpt]mse lcW^ea√ injvSw hcp∂

kwJybmWv \ap°mhiyw. ChnsS Hcp Imcyw {]tXyIw Adnbm\p- v. Cu {Inb

sNbvXp \ap°p In´p∂ h¿jw Nm{μh¿jamWv. AXns\ kuch¿jam°W sa¶n¬

324 (27 x 12) sIm- p s]cp°n 365 sIm- p lcn°Ww.

tKmNcØn¬ i\n IS∂p t]mIptºmƒ A—s‚ Bbp n\v tZmjIcamb Hcp

\£{Xwam{XamWv Ct∏mƒ In´nbn´p≈Xv. kwKXn Ipd®pIqSn hy‡amIWsa¶n¬ a‰p

Ipsd Imcy߃IqSn (A—s‚ PmXIØnse Bbp¿±mbw, acWkabw, Zim]lmc

߃, tbmK߃ XpSßnbhbpw AΩ Pohn®ncn∏ps- ¶n¬ AhcpsS PmXIØn¬

ssh[hytbmKapt- m Ds- ¶n¬ AXns‚ kabw XpSßnbhbpw) ]cnKWn°m\p- v.

]nXrktlmZcs‚ ImcyØnepw CØcw ]cntim[\Iƒ BhiyamWv.

(4)

e·mXv kptJizcmwtiiZimbmw N ]nXr£bx

kpJ\mYZimbmw hm ]nXrXpeyarXnw htZXv.

e·mXv ˛ e·Øn¬\n∂pw.

kptJizcmwtiiZimbmw ˛ \memw`mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂

]nXr£bx ˛ ]nXr acWap- mImw.

kpJ\mYZimbmw]nXrXpeyarXnw ˛ \memw`mhm[n]s‚ Zibn¬ ]nXrXpeycpsS

acWap- mImw.

 412

DZmlcWPmXIØnse e·w ao\w. e·Øn¬\n∂pw \memw`mhw anYp\w. anYp\

Øns‚ A[n]≥ _p[≥. _p[≥ AwiIn®ncn°p∂Xv anYp\Øn¬. _p[Zibn¬

]nXrt¢iap- mIw. AXpt]mse \memw`mhm[n]s‚ Zibn¬ (_p[Zibn¬) ]nXr

XpeycpsS acWhpw kw`hn°mw.

(5, 6)

kwtim[y ]nfiw kqcyky c{‘amt\\ h¿≤tbXv

ZzmZti\ lrXmt—jcminw bmtX ZnhmItc.

XXv {XntImWKtX hm f ]n acWw Xky \n¿±ntiXv

Ghw {KlmWmw k¿thjmw Nn¥tb∑Xnam∂cx.

kwtim[y ]nfiw kqcyky ˛ kqcys‚ AjvSh¿§w tim[n®v.

c{‘amt\\ h¿≤tbXv ˛ (AXns\) F´psIm- p s]cp°n.

ZzmZti\ lrXm ˛ ]{¥- p sIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ.

tijcminw bmtX ZnhmItc ˛ _m°n hcp∂ cminbn¬ kqcy≥

hcptºmƒ.

]nXr£bx ˛ ]nXracWap- mImw.

XXv {XntImWKtX hm f ]n ˛ B cminbpsS {XntImWcminbn¬ kqcy≥

acWw Xky \n¿±ntiXv ˛ A—s‚ acWw ]dbWw.

Ghw {KlmWmw k¿thjmw ˛ C{]Imcw F√m {Klßsfs°m- pw

Nn¥tbXv aXnam≥ \cx ˛ Nn¥n°Ww.

kqcys\s°m- v A—s\°pdn®p Nn¥n°p∂Xpt]mse a‰p {Klßsfs°m- p

a‰p _‘p°sf°pdn®pw Nn¥n°Ww.

DZmlcWw/hniZoIcWw:; 1. kqcys‚ tim[y]nfisØ F´psIm- p s]cp°pI.

84 x 8 = 672.

CXns\ ]{¥- psIm- p lcn°pI.

672 / 12 = 56. _m°n 0.

A—s‚ acWØn\p km[yXbp≈ \£{Xw (\mƒ), cmin (amkw) F∂nh \ap°v

GItZiw Cßs\ KWns®Sp°mw. (A]arXyp CXn¬ s]Sn√.)

F´psIm- p s]cp°Ww F∂p ]d™Xv h¿≤tbXv F∂ kwkvIrXw hm°ns‚

ASnÿm\ØnemWv. H∂mw t«mIØnepw Cu A¿∞wXs∂bmWv sImSpØn´p≈Xv.

F∂m¬ Cu t«mIØns‚ Nne hymJym\ßfn¬ s]cp°Ww F∂Xn\p ]Icw

Iq´Ww F∂mWp ImWp∂Xv. ^eZo]nIbn¬Øs∂, CtX {Inb ]dbp∂ a‰p

t«mI߃ Cu hymJym\Øn\v (Iq´en\v) A\pIqeas√∂p ImWmhp∂XmWv.

2. amXrlm\n (N{μmjvSh¿§^ew) (7)

N{μm’pJ^ssex ]nfiw lXzm kmcmhtijnXw

i\u bmtX amXrlm\nx {XntImW¿£KtX f ]n hm.

 413

(8)

N{μmXv kpJmjvStaimwi{XntImtW Znhkm[nt]

amXp¿hntbmKw X∑mtk \n¿±nti√·Xx ]nXpx

N{μmXv kpJ^ssex ... ....

˛ N{μm¬ \men¬ D≈ AjvSh¿§_nμp°sfs°m- p tim≤y ]nfisØ

s]cp°n Ccp]tØgpsIm- p lcn®m¬ hcp∂ injvSsØ AizXn apX¬°p≈

\£{X ambn FÆnbm¬ In´p∂ \£{XØn¬.

i\u bmtX ˛ i\n hcp∂ kabØp.

cmXrlm\nx ˛ amXmhns‚ acWw kw`hn°mw.

{XntImW¿£KtX A]n hm ˛ AXs√¶n¬ AXns‚ {XntImW\£{X

Øn¬i\nhcptºmgpw CXp kw`hn°mw.

N{μmXv kpJmXv ˛ N{μm¬ \mens‚.

AjvStai ˛ F´mw `mhm[n]≥

Awi ˛ AwiIn® cminbpsS \mYs‚.

{XntImtW ˛ {XntImWØn¬.

Znhkm[nt] ˛ kqcy≥ hcp∂.

X∑mtk ˛ amkØn¬

amXp¿hntbmKw \n¿±ntiXv ˛ amXmhns‚ acWw ]dbWw.

e·Xx ]nXpx ˛ C{]Imcw e·sØs°m- p ]nXmhns‚

acWtØbpw Nn¥n°Ww.

(9)

`uamØrXobcminÿ^sse¿{`mXrKpWw `thXv

_p[m¬ kpJ^sse¿∫‘pKpWw hm amXpeky N.

3. ktlmZcKpWw (IpPmjvSh¿§^ew) `uamXv XrXob cminÿ ^ssex ˛ sNmΔbn¬\n∂pw aq∂mw cminbnep≈

{`mXrKpWw `thXv ˛ ktlmZcKpWw D- mIpw.

4. _‘pKpWw (_p[mjvSh¿§^ew) _p[m¬ kpJ^ssex ˛ _p[s‚ \men¬ D≈AjvSh¿§_nμp°ƒ

sIm- v.

_‘p KpWw ˛ _‘pKpWhpw / kplrXv KpWhpw

amXpeky N. ˛ amXpeKpWhpw ]dbWw.

(10)

KpcpÿnXkpXÿmt\ bmhXmw hnZytX ^ew

i{Xp\oN{Klw(1) Xy‡zm tijmx XkymflPx kvarXmx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: Krlw

5. ]p{XKpWw (hymgmjvSh¿§^ew) KpcpÿnXkpXÿmt\ ˛ hymgØns‚ A©n¬.

bmhXmw hnZytX ^ew ˛ D≈ _nμp°fn¬\n∂pw.

i{Xp\oN{Klw Xy‡zm ˛ i{Xp{Klw, \oNØnep≈ {Klw F∂nh

tijmx Xky BflPmx ˛ _m°n hcp∂ _nμp°ƒ kqNn∏n°p∂

 414

(11)

KptcmcjvSIh¿t§jp tim[y injvS^em\n ssh

{Iqccmin^ew Xy‡zm tijmx XkymflPmx kvarXmx.

a°fpsS kwJy Kptcmx AjvSIh¿t§ ˛ Kpcphns‚ AjvSh¿§sØ.

tim[y injvS^em\n ˛ tim[n®m¬ _m°n In´p∂ _nμp°fn¬

\n∂pw.

{Iqccmin^ew Xy‡zm ˛ ]m]{KlßfpsS (Ip,a) _nμp°ƒ

Ipd®m¬.

tijmx Xky BflPmx kvarXmx ˛ _m°n hcp∂Xmbncn°pw a°fpsS

kwJy.

(12)

^em[nIw `rtKm¿b{X X{X `mcym P\n¿bZn

Xky hwim`nhr≤nx kymZ¬t] £oWm¿∞k¥Xnx.

6. If{XKpWw (ip{ImjvSh¿§^ew) ^em[nIw `rtKmx b{X ˛ ip{ImjvSh¿§Øn¬A[nIw _nμp°fp≈

cminbmWv.

X{X `mcym P\nx bZn ˛ `mcybpsS P∑cminsb¶n¬.

Xky hwim`n hr≤nx kymXv ˛ hwiw A`nhr≤ns∏Spw.

A¬t∏ ˛ adn®,v AXv _nμp°ƒ Ipd™XmsW¶n¬.

£oWm¿∞k¥Xnx ˛ [\hpw k¥Xnbpw Ipd™ncn°pw.

(13)

tim[y]nfiw it\¿e·m≤Xzm c{‘^ssex kpssJx

lrXzmhtij`w bmtX atμ Poth f ]n hm arXnx.

7. PmXIs‚ arXn (aμmjvSh¿§^ew) it\x ˛ i\nbpsS.

e·m≤Xzm ˛ e·m¬ F´nse

c{‘^ssex ˛ AjvSh¿§_nμp°ƒsIm- v

tim[y]nfiw lrXzm ˛ tim[y]nfisØ s]cp°n

Ccp]tØgpsIm- p lcn®m¬

Ahtij`w ˛ In´p∂ injvSw

AizXnapX¬ FÆnbm¬ In´p∂ \£{X

Øn¬

bmtX atμ Poth f ]n hm ˛ i\n As√¶n¬ Kpcp hcptºmƒ.

arXnx ˛ acWw D- mImw.

(14)

e·mZnaμm¥^sseIykwJym˛

h¿tj hn]ØnkvXp XYm¿°]p{Xm¬

 415

bmhZzne·m¥^em\n Xkvan˛

∂mtim ln XtZymKkam\h¿tj.

e·mZnaμm¥ ˛ e·w apX¬ i\n \n¬°p∂ cminhsc D≈

^sseIykwJym ... A¿°]p{Xm¬ ˛ i\nbpsS AjvSh¿§_nμp°ƒ

Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂

XtZymKkam\h¿tj. ˛ FÆØn\p Xpeyamb h¿jØn¬

hn]Ønx ˛ B]Øp- mImw.

bmhXv hne·m¥ ^em\n ˛ AXpt]mse i\n \n¬°p∂ cmin apX¬

e·w hscbp≈ cminIfn¬ BsI F{X

_nμp°ƒ Dt- m.

XtZymKkam\h¿tj ˛ AXn\p Xpeyamb h¿jØnepw

Xkvan≥ \mtim ˛ \miap- mImw.

(15)

AjvSaÿ^sse¿√·mXv ]nfiw lXzm kpssJ¿`tPXv

^eambp¿hnPm\obmXv {]mKztZzfm¥p Iev]tbXv.

8. Bbp v

AjvSaÿ^ssex e·mXv ˛ e·m¬v F´nep≈ AjvSh¿§wsIm- v.

]nfiw lXzm ˛ tim≤y]nfisØ s]cp°n.

kpssJx `tPXv ˛ Ccp]Øntbgp ( k˛7, J˛2) sIm- p

lcn®m¬

.^ew Bbpx hnPm\o bmXv ˛ In´p∂ ^ew (_nμp°ƒ) Bbp¿ssZ¿Ly

amsW∂dnbpI.

{]mKztZzfm¥p Iev]tbXv. ˛ acWkabw t\csØ ]d™Xpt]mse

.

e·m¬ F´nep≈ AjvSh¿§sØ AXmXp {KlØns‚ tim[y]nfiwtIm- p

s]cp°n Ccp]ØntbgpsIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ _m°n hcp∂hsb Iq´nbm¬

In´p∂Xp ]cambp mWv. acWkabw t«mIw ]Xnaq∂n¬ ]d™Xpt]mse.

.3. {XntImWtim[\

(16, 17)

{XntImtWjp Xp bZyq\w XØpeyw {Xnjp tim[tbXv

GIkvan≥ `ht\ iqt\y X{ØntImWw \ tim[tbXv.

`h\Zzbiqt\y Xp tim[tbZ\yaμncw (1)

katXz k¿htKtljp k¿hw kwtim[tbØZm.

(1) `h\Zzbiqt\y \ tim[tbZ\yaμncw 4

1. {XntImtWjp Xp bZyq\w XØpeyw {Xnjp tim[tbXv ˛˛

Hcp {XntImWØnse aq∂p cminIfnvepw Htc hn[Øne√ _nμp°ƒ ImWp

∂sX¶n¬, GXnemtWm _nμp°ƒ G‰hpw Ipdhv, B kwJy aq∂n¬\n∂pw

Ipd®v _m°n \n¿ØWw

 416

2. GIkvan≥ `ht\ iqt\y XXv {XntImWw \ tim[tbXv ˛˛

Hcp {XntImWØnse Hcp cminbn¬ _nμp°ƒ Cs√¶n¬ B {XntImWw

tim[nt°- Xn√.

{XntImWcminIƒ:

taSw Nnßw [\p

CShw I∂n aIcw

anYp\w Xpemw Ipw`w

I¿°Sw hr›nIw ao\w

3 `h\Zzbiqt\y Xp tim[tbZ\yaμncw ˛˛

Hcp {XntImWØnse c- p cminIfn¬ _nμp°ƒ Cs√¶n¬ aq∂maØXpw

iq\yam°pI.

]mTt`Zw: (1) `h\Zzbiqt\y \ tim[tbZ\yaμncw 4 ˛˛ Cu ]mThpw

AXns‚hymJym\hpw a‰p hymJym\ßfpamtbm tUm.cmas‚ Cu hnjbØnep≈

]pkvXIhpamtbm tbmPn°p.∂n√.

4. katXz k¿htKtljp k¿hw kwtim[tbØZm ˛˛

Hcp {XntImWØnse aq∂p cminIfnsebpw _nμp°ƒ Hcpt]mse

bmsW¶n¬ aq∂pw iq\yam°Ww.

4. GIm[n]Xytim[\

c- p cminIfpsS B[n]Xyap≈ {KlßfpsS ( Ip, _p, Kp, ip, a) _nμp°ƒ

ho- pw sNdpXm°n FSp°p∂XmWv Cu {Inb. Hcp cminbpsS am{Xw B[n]Xyap≈

{KlßfpsS (c, N) _nμp°ƒ°p am‰an√.

(18 ˛ 22)

{XntImWtim[\mw IrXzm ]›mtZIm[n]XyIw

t£{XZztb ^em\n kypkvXZm kwtim[tb’p[nx (∂c)x

{Klbpt‡ ^te lot\ {Klm`mth ^em[ntI

Dut\\ kZri¥zkvan≥ tim[tbZv{Klh¿÷ntX

^em[ntI {Kssl¿bpt‡ Nm\ykvan≥ k¿hap’rtPXv

k{Klm{KlXpeytXz k¿hw kwtim[ya{KlmXv.

D`m`ymw {Kllo\m`ymw katXz kIew XytPXv

D`tbm¿{Klkwbpt‡ \ kwtim≤yw IZmN\.

GIkvan≥ `ht\ iqt\y \ kwtim≤yw IZmN\

Zzmh{Klu tNZy∂q\w XØpeyw timZtb±ztbx.

{XntImWtim[\mw IrXzm ]›mXv GIm[n]XyIw

-˛ {XntImWtim[\bv°ptijw GIm[n]Xytim[\ sNøWw.

1. t£{XZztb ^em\n kyp XZm kwtim[tbXv ˛˛

 417

Hcp {KlØns‚ c- p cminIfnepw _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶nte GIm[n]Xy tim[\

th- Xp≈q. (c- p cminIfpsS B[n]Xyap≈ {KlßfpsS AjvSIh¿§

Ønt\ Cu tim[\ D≈q.)

2 {Klbpt‡ ^te lot\ -{Klm`mth ^em[ntI tim[tbXv {Klh¿÷ntX˛˛

(Hcp {KlØns‚ c- p cminIfn¬ H∂n¬ {KlÿnXn D- mhpIbpw

cminbnse IqSpX¬ _nμp°sf.

Dut\\ kZriw Xp ˛˛{Klap≈ cminbnse _nμp°ƒ°p Xpeyam°Ww.

3. ^em[ntI {Kssl¿bpt‡ A\ykvan≥ k¿hap’rtPXv ˛˛

t\sc adn®v, {Klw \n¬°p∂ cminbn¬ _nμp°ƒ IqSpXembpw {Klan√m

Ø cminbn¬ Ipdhmbpw Ccp∂m¬ B Ipd™ _nμp°sf ]q¿Æambpw

IfbWw.

4. k{Kl A{Kl XpeytXz k¿hw kwtim[yw A{KlmXv ˛

AX√, {KltØmSpIqSnb cminbnepw AXn√mØ cminbnepw _nμp°ƒ kaam

sW∂p h∂m¬ {Klan√mØ cminbnse _nμp°sf ]msS Dt]£n°Ww.

5 D`m`ymw {Kllo\m`ymw katXz, kIew XytPXv ˛˛

C\n AXpa√, c- p cminIfnepw {Kl߃ C√mXncn°pIbpw c- nepw

_nμp°ƒ Xpeyambncn°pIbpw sNbvXm¬. c- p cminIfnsebpw

_nμp°sf XyPn°Ww.

6 D`tbmx {Klkwbpt‡ \ kwtim≤yw IZmN\ ˛˛

c- nepw {Kl߃ Ds- ¶n¬. Cu tim[\ th- Xn√.

7. GIkvan≥ `ht\ iqt\y \ kwtim≤yw IZmN\ ˛˛

c- p cminIfn¬ Hcpcminbn¬ _nμp°ƒ C√mXncp∂mepw tim[\

Bhiyan√.

8 Zzu A{Klu tNXv \q\w , XØpeyw tim[tbXv Zztbx ˛˛

c- p cminIfnepw {Kl߃ C√mXncn°pIbpw c- nsebpw _nμp°ƒ

kaa√msXbpw Ccp∂m¬,. Ipd™Xntebv°v _nμp°ƒ {Ias∏SpØWw.

GIm[n]Xytim[\ Npcp°Øn¬

1. c- nepw {Klap≈Xv ˛˛ am‰an√.

2. H∂n¬am{Xw {Klap≈Xv ˛˛

{Klap≈Xv {Klan√mØXv

1. _nμp°ƒ Ipdhv _nμp°ƒ IqSpX¬ ˛˛ c- pw Ipd™Xn\p

Xpeyam°Ww

2. _nμp°ƒ IqSpX¬ _nμp°ƒ Ipdhv ˛˛ Ipdhp≈Xv IfbWw

3. c- pw kaw ... ˛˛ {Klan√mØXp IfbWw

3. c- nepw {Klan√mØXv˛

1. c- nepw _nμp°ƒ XpeyamsW¶¬ ˛˛ c- pw IfbWw

 418

2. H∂n¬ _nμp°ƒ IqSnbpw

a‰Xn¬ Ipd™pw Ccp∂m¬ ˛˛ Ipd™Xv FSp°Ww.

4. H∂n¬am{Xw _nμp°ƒ D≈Xv ˛˛ am‰an√

DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ k]vX{KlßfpsS AjvSh¿§w,

tim[\Iƒ°p apºpw ]n≥]pw

1. kqcymjvSh¿§w {XntImWtim[\ GIm[n]Xytim[\

bv°ptijw bv°ptijw

5 4 3 4 3 2 0 0 0 2 0 0

6 (48) 4 2 (15) 2 2 (8) 2

6 2 3 0 2 0

5 2 4 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2. N{μmjvSh¿§w

4 1 5 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0

6 5 3 1 1 1

3 6 1 5 1 5

5 5 4 2 4 1 1 0 4 1 0 0

3. IpPmjvSh¿§w

6 2 3 2 4 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

4 5 2 3 1 3

4 1 1 0 1 0

2 2 4 4 1 0 2 1 1 0 2 1

4. _p[mjvSh¿§w

6 6 3 5 4 3 0 0 2 3 0 0

5 5 0 3 0 3

6 3 3 0 3 0

5 2 5 3 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0

5. Kpcp AjvSh¿§w

5 2 6 5 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

5 3 1 0 0 0

6 6 1 4 0 4

3 6 4 5 1 3 0 0 1 3 0 0

 419

6. ip{ImjvSh¿§w

7 6 4 5 5 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 3

5 4 1 0 1 0

5 2 3 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

7. i\n AjvSIh¿§w

6 2 2 4 4 0 0 1 2 0 0 1

4 2 1 0 1 0

4 4 2 2 1 2

4 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0

8. k¿hmjvSIh¿§w

39 23 26 28 22 8 4 4 7 8 4 4

33 28 9 11 5 11

34 26 12 11 9 11

29 21 27 23 14 4 3 1 11 4 2 1

6. tim[y]nfiw

(23)

tim≤ymhinjvSw kwÿm]y cminamt\\ h¿≤tbXv

{Klbpt‡ f ]n X{Zmiu {Klamt\\ h¿≤tbXv.

(24)

tKmknwlu Zi`n¿KpWnXu hkp`n¿anYp\mfnt`

hWnMvtaju N ap\n`nx I\yIm aItc isscx.

(25)

tijmx kz\maKpWnXmx I¿°oNm]LSoQjmx

GtX cminKpWmx t{]m‡mx ]rYIv {KlKpWmx ]rYIv.

tim[y]nfiw ImWp∂ coXn

tim[ymhinjvSw kwÿm]y ˛ {XntImWtim[\bpw GIm[n]Xytim[\

bpw sNbvXp _m°n hcp∂ AjvSh¿§

_nμp°sf. B cminbpsS

cminamt\\ h¿≤tbXv ˛ cminam\w (cminKpWImcw) sIm- p

s]cp°Ww.

{Kl bpt‡ A]n XXv cmiu ˛ cminbn¬ {Klßfps- ¶n¬ Ahsb

{Klamt\\ h¿≤tbXv ˛ {Klam\w ({KlKpWImcw) sIm- pw

s]cp°Ww.

 420

7. cminKpWImc߃

tKmknwlu ZiKpWnXu ˛ CShhpw Nnßhpw ]ØpsIm- pw

hkp`nx anYp\mfnt` ˛ anYp\hpw hr›nIhpw F´psIm- pw

hWnMv taju N ap\n`nx ˛ Xpemhpw taShpw GgpsIm- pw

I\yIm aItc isscx. ˛ I∂nbpw aIchpw A©psIm- pw

KpWn°Ww.

_m°nbp≈,

I¿°o Nm] LSo Qjmx ˛ I¿°SIw, [\p v, Ipw`w, ao\w Chsb,

kz\maKpWnXmx ˛ AhbpsS t]cp (cminN{IØnse kYm\w)

sIm- pw KpWn°Ww

(I¿°Sw ˛ 4, [\p ˛ 9, Ipw`w ˛ 11, ao\w ˛ 12)

GtX cminKpWmx t{]m‡mx ˛ ChbmWv cminKpWImc߃

]rYKv {KlKpWmx ]rYIv ˛ {KlKpWImc߃ thsdbmWv.

cminKpWImc߃ taSw CShw. anYp\w I¿°SIw Nnßw I∂n Xpemw hr›nIw [\p aIcw Ipw`w ao\w

7. 10. 8 4 10. 5. 7. 8. 9 5 11 12

(26)

Pohmcip{Ikuaym\mw

Zihkpk]vtX{μnssbx {IamZv KpWnXm

_p[kwJym tijmWmw

cminKpWmXv {KlKpssWx ]rY°mcymx.

8. {KlKpWImc߃

Poh Bc ip{I kuaym\mw ˛ Kpcp, IpP≥, ip{I≥, _p[≥ Chsb

Zihkpk]vtX{μnssbx {IamXv ˛ 10, 8, 7, 5 F∂ {IaØnepw

_p[kwJym tijmWmw ˛ tijn®hbv°p (kqcy≥, N{μ≥, i\n)

_p[s‚ kwJybpw (5)

{KlKpWImcIßfmIp∂p.

cminKpWm¬ {KlKpWx ]rY°mcyx. ˛ (tim[\Iƒ Ign™ AjvSh¿§sØ)

cminKpWImckwJysIm- pw

{KlKpWImc kwJysIm- pw shtΔsd

s]cp°Ww.

{KlKpWImcw. kqcy≥ N{μ≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n

5 5 8 5 10 7 5

Cu \nba߃sh®psIm- v DZmlcWPmXIØnse kqcys‚ tim[y]nfiw

ImWmw.

.. cminKpWImcw. (_nμp°fp≈ cminIƒ°pam{Xta CXp _m[IamIp.)

 421

cminKpWImcw x kqcymjvSh¿§w

taSw 7 x 2 = 14

CShw 10 ˛ ˛

anYp\w 8 ˛ ˛

I¿°SIw 4 2 8

Nnßw 10 ˛ ˛

I∂n 5 ˛ ˛

Xpemw 7 ˛ ˛

hr›nIw 8 ˛ ˛

[\p 9 ˛ ˛

aIcw 5 2 10

Ipw`w 11 2 22

ao\w 12 ˛ ˛

BsI 54

2. {KlKpWImcw. (_nμp°fp≈ cminIfn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl߃°p am{Xta

Cu h¿≤\hp≈q. Hcp cminbn¬ H∂ne[nIw {Klßfps- ¶n¬

F√m‰n\pw KpWImcw H∂pXs∂).

{KlKpWImcw x kqcymjvSh¿§w

kqcy≥ 5 ˛ ˛ ˛

N{μ≥ 5 ˛ ˛ ˛

IpP≥ 8 x 2 16

_p[≥ 5 ˛ ˛ ˛

hymgw 10 ˛ ˛ ˛

ip{I≥ 7 x 2 14

i\n 5 ˛ ˛ ˛

BsI 30

3. tim[y]nfiw 54 + 30 = 84.

CXmWv kqcys‚ tim[y]nfiw. CXpt]mse a‰p {KlßfpsS tim[y]nfihpw

ImWWw.

9. AjvSh¿§ZimKW\

(27)

Ghw KpWnXzm kwtbmPy k]vX`n¿KpWtbXv ]p\x

k]vXhnwilrXm√_v[h¿jmWy{X `h¥n ln.

(28)

ZzmZimZv KpWtb√_v[m amkml¿LSnImx kvarXm ({IamXv)

k]vXhnwiXn h¿jmWn aWvUew tim[tbZv ]p\x. (1)

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ _p[x

 422

1. Ghw KpWnXzm kwtbmPy

˛ C{]Imcw KpWn®p In´p∂ c- p kwJyIfpw Iq´n

(CXp Xs∂bmWv XpS°Øn¬ ]d™ tim[y]nfiw)

2. k]vX`n¿KpWtbXv ]p\x k]vXhnwilrXmx

˛ GgpsIm- p KpWn®v. Ccp]ØntbgpsIm- p lcn®m¬.

e_v[ h¿jmWn A{X `h¥n ln

˛ In´p∂Xp h¿jw.

3. ZzmZimZn KpWtbXv e_v[m amk Al LSnImx ({IamXv)

˛ _m°nbp≈Xns\ ]{¥- p sIm- p s]cp°n Ccp]tØgp sIm- p

lcn®m¬ In´p∂Xp amkw. AXns‚ _m°nsb 30 sIm- p s]cp°n

Ccp]tØgpsIm- p lcn®m¬ In´p∂Xp Znhkw. Cßs\ \mgnIbpw ImWmw.

(Aßns\ In´p∂ h¿jsØ AXv Ccp]tØgn¬ IqSpXemsW¶n¬)

4. k]vX hnwiXn h¿jmWn aWvUew tim[tbXv

˛ Ccp]tØgp h¿jwsIm- v B afiesØ tim[n°Ww.

GgpsIm- p s]cp°n Ccp]ØntbgpsIm- p lcn°¬. Cu A≤ymbØn¬ ]ebnSØpw Cu KWnXw hcp∂p- v. Hcp {KlØns‚

AjvSh¿§w hmkvXhØn¬ BsIbp≈Xns‚ (Ggp {Klw = 360 Un{Kn ) Ggn¬ Hcp

`mKta BIp∂p≈q. Ccp]tØgv \£{XkwJybmW.v Ccp]tØgp \£{X߃

tNcptºmƒ Hcp afieamIpw. (13˛20 x 27 = 360). tim[y]nfisØ GgpsIm- p

s]cp°ptºmƒ In´p∂ DØcw km[mcW 360 Un{Knbn¬ IqSpXembncn°pw.

AXpsIm- mWv AXns\ Ccp]Øntbgp sIm- p lcn°p∂Xv. AXpt]mse

lcW^ea√ injvSw hcp∂ kwJybmWv \ap°mhiyw. ChnsS Hcp Imcyw {]tXyIw

Adnbm\p- v. Cu {InbsNbvXp \ap°p In´p∂ h¿jw Nm{μh¿jamWv. AXns\

kuch¿jam°Wsa¶n¬ 324 (27 x 12) sIm- p s]cp°n 365 sIm- p lcn°Ww.

CXv {InbbpsS Ahkm\w sNbvXm¬ aXn. ImcWw Cu h¿j߃°v GXm\pw

IrXyam°epIƒIqSn _m°nbp- v.

ChnsS a‰p aq∂p ]Xn∏pIfnepw ImWmØ Hcp t«mIw sImSpß√q¿ ]Xn∏n¬

ImWp∂p- v.

XZq¿t≤z `qan`nx tim≤yw XytPZv `qanw XZq¿≤ztI

IpPm[ntI `thZy{X P\Imt—m[tbØYm.

A¿∞w: AjvSh¿§mbp v C{]Imcw IW°m°nbm¬ Ccp]tØgn\IØmsW¶n¬

A{Xbpw Xs∂ kzoIcn°Ww. Ccp]tØgn¬ A[nIamsW¶n¬ AºØn\men¬ \n∂p

Ipdbv°Ww. AºØn\mene[nIambm¬ AºØn\mep Ipdbv°Ww. F¨]sØm

∂ne[nIambm¬ \qs‰´n¬\n∂p Ipdbv°Ww. hnjbw apIfn¬ ]d™XpXs∂ .

10 lcW߃

(29)

At\ym f \ya¿≤lcWw {Klbpt‡ Xp ImctbXv

\otN f ¿≤akvX(tK)tI f ]y¿≤lcWw tXjp ImctbXv.

 423

1. At\ym\yw A¿≤lcWw {Klbpt‡ Xp ImctbXv ˛

˛ Hcp cminbn¬ H∂ne[nIw {Klßfps- ¶n¬ Hmtcm∂nt‚bpw ]IpXn

hoXw Ipdbv°Ww.

2. \otN A¿≤akvX(tK)tI A]n A¿≤lcWw tXjp ImctbXv

˛ \oNhpw auVyhpap≈ {Kl߃°pw ]IpXn hoXw IfbWw.

(30)

i{Xpt£t{X {Xn`mtK\ Zriym¿≤lcWw XYm

{Xywtim\lcWw `wtK kqtcytμzmx ]mXkw{ibmXv.

3 i{Xpt£t{X {Xn`mtK\ ˛ i{Xpt£{XØn¬ aq∂n¬ H∂v.

4. Zriym¿≤lcWw XYm ˛ Zriym¿≤lcWhpw thWw.

(A≤ymbw 22. t«mIw 19 ImWpI)

5. {Xywtim\lcWw cW`wtK ˛ bp≤Øn¬ tXm‰ {Klw ˛ 1/ 3 `mKw

Ipdbv°Ww.

6. kqtcytμzmx ]mXkw{ibmXv ˛ kqcyN{μ∑m¿ ]mXØnemsW¶n¬

1/ 3 Ipdbv°Ww. (]mXw ˛ {KlWw.)

DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ CXp c- pan√.

1. DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ cNIp_pip ChbpsS ]IpXn Ipdbpw.

2. \oNw ˛ C√. auVyw ˛ _p. 1/2

3. i{Xpt£{XÿnXn ˛ kqcy≥ ˛ 1/3

4. Zriyw ˛ C√.

5. {Klbp≤w ˛ C√.

6. {KlWw ˛ C√.

(31)

_lptXz lctW {]m]vtX ImctbXv _ehØcw

]›mXv XXv kIem≥ IrXzm hcmwtKW hnh¿≤tbXv.

(32)

amXMvKe_v[w ip≤mbp¿`hXoXn \ kwibx

]p¿hh±namkm_vZm≥ IrXzm Xky Zim `thXv.

7. _lptXz lctW {]m]vtX ImctbXv _ehØcw

˛ Hcp {KlØn\p ]e lcW߃ hcp∂ps- ¶n¬ G‰hpw A[nIap≈Xam{Xw

Ipdbv°pI. (H∂ne[nIw kwJy Ipdbv°m\ps- ¶n¬ G‰hpw

IqSpXep≈Xpam{Xw Ipdbv°m≥ \n¿Øn _m°nsb√mw IfbWw.)

DZm. kqcy\v 1/2, 1/3 F∂nßs\ c- p lcWßfp≈Xn¬ 1/2 am{Xw Ipd®m¬ aXn

.8. ]›mXv XXv kIem≥ IrXzm ˛ ]ns∂ Ahsb F√mw Iq´n

hcmwtKW hnh¿≤tbXv ˛ h c K 4 2 3 ˛ 324 sIm- p KpWn®v

amXMvKe_v[w ˛ amXwK ˛ a X K 563 ˛ 365 sIm- p lcn®m¬

ip≤mbpx `hXn ˛ IrXyamb Bbp v In´pw

CXn \ kwibx ˛ kwibw th- .

(Nm{μh¿jsØ kuch¿jam°m\p≈ {InbbmWnXv) .

 424

(33)

Ghw {KlmWmw k¿thjmw Zimw Ipcym¬ ]rYIv ]rYIv

AjvSh¿KZimam¿Kx k¿thjmapØtamØax

Ghw {KlmWmw k¿thjmw ˛ Cßs\ F√m {KlßfpsSbpw

Zimw Ipcym¬ ]rYIv ]rYIv ˛ Zi (Bbp v) thsd thsd ImWWw.

{Inbm{Iaw: 1. AjvSIh¿§w ImWpI

2. {XntImW˛GIm[n]Xytim[\Iƒ sNøpI

3. _m°n hcp∂Xns\ cmin˛{KlKpWImc߃sIm- p s]cp°n,

F√mw Iq´n tim≤y]nfiw ImWpI.

(DZmlcWPmXIØnse kqcys‚ tim≤y]nfiw 84 (t]Pv 549 ImWpI)

4. CXns\ GgpsIm.- p s]mcp°n Ccp]tØgp sIm.- p lcn°pI.

84 x 7 / 27 = 21.78 5. CXv kqcys‚am{Xw AjvSh¿§mbp mWv. AXpsIm- #v CXp t]mse a‰v

Bdp {KlßfpsS IqSn Bbp¿ h¿jw I- p Iq´pI

6. Cu Bbp ns\ apIfn¬ ]d™ \mep lcW߃ \SØn ip≤am°pI.

Cßns\ In´p∂ h¿jßfmWv AjvSh¿§ ]cambp v.

tim[y afiew

{Klw ]nfiw {Inb DØcw tim[\ _m°n lcWw _m°n

kqcy≥ 84 x7/27 21.78 ˛ 21.78 1/2, 1/3 10.89

N{μ≥ 206 53.41 27 26.41 1/2 13,20

IpP≥ 90 23.33 ˛ 23.33 1/2 11.66

_p[≥ 135 35. 27 8. ˛ 1/2, 1/2. 4. ˛

hymgw 163 42.25 27 15.25 15.25

ip{I≥ 104 26.96 ˛ 26.96 1/2 13.48

i\n 111 28.78 27 1. 78 1.78

BsI 893 231.51 108 123.51 70.26

70.26 Nm{μh¿jamWv. CXns\ kuch¿jam°Ww.

70.26 x 324/365 = 62.36 h¿jw.

.38 h¿jsØ amkam°ptºmƒ .36 x 12 / 100 = 4.32 amkw.

.56 amksØ Znhkam°ptºmƒ 56 x 30 = 9.6 Znhkw.

AjvSIh¿§w Bbp¿±mbw 62 h¿jw 4 amkw 17 Znhkw

(CXvv F√m {KlßfpsSbpw Zi tN¿∂XmWv.)

AjvSh¿KZimam¿Kx k¿thjmapØtamØax

˛ Cu AjvSh¿KZimcoXn a‰v F√m Bbp¿±mbKWnX kºZmbtØ°mfpw

DØaamWv.

 425

v.11. kapZmbmjvSh¿§w (34)

_mtem _enjvtTm ehWmKtam kptcm

cmKo apcmcnx inJco{μKmYbm

`utam KtWt{μm eLp `mhXmw kptcm.

tKmI¿Æc‡m Xp ]pcmWssaYneo.

(35)

cp{Z ]cw Klzcss`chÿeo

cmKo _eo `mkzcKo¿`KmNemx

Kncu hnhkzm≥ _ehZznh£bm

iqeo aa {]oXnItcm f {X Xo¿∞IrXv.

_mtem _enjvtTm ehWmKtam kptcm

3 3 3 3 2 3 4 5 3 5 7 2 (c˛43)

cmKo apcmcn inJco{μKmYbm

2 3 5 2 2 5 2 2 2 3 7 1 (N˛36)

`utam KtWt{μm eLp`mhXmw kptcm.

4 5 3 5 2 3 4 4 4 6 7 2 (Ip˛49)

tKmI¿Æc‡m Xp ]pcmWssaYneo.

3 1 5 2 6 6 1 2 5 5 7 3 (_p˛46)

cp{Z ]cw Klzcss`chÿeo

2 2 1 2 3 4 2 4 2 4 7 3 (Kp˛36)

cmKo _eo `mkzcKo¿`KmNemx

2 3 3 3 4 4 2 3 4 3 6 3 (ip˛40)

Kncu hnhkzm≥ _ehZznh£bm

3 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 6 1 (a˛42)

iqeo aa {]oXnItcm{X Xo¿∞IrXv.

5 3 5 5 2 6 1 2 2 6 7 1 (e˛ 45)

DZmlcWPmXIØnse kapZmbmjvSh¿§w ta C an I Nn I Xp hr [ a Ipw ao BsI

kqcy≥ 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 4 5 3 5 7 43

N{μ≥ 1 2 3 5 2 2 5 2 2 2 3 7 36

IpP≥ 4 5 3 5 2 3 4 4 4 6 7 2 49

_p[≥ 3 3 1 5 2 6 6 1 2 5 5 7 46

Kpcp 2 4 7 3 2 2 1 2 3 4 2 4 36

ip{I≥ 2 3 3 3 4 4 2 3 4 3 6 3 40

i\n 6 1 3 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 42

e·w 3 5 5 2 6 1 2 2 6 7 1 5 45

BsI 23 26 28 28 25 24 27 21 29 34 33 39 337

Ign™ A≤ymbØn¬ sImSpØ k¿hmjvSh¿§hpw ChnsS ]dbp∂ kapZmbm

jvSh¿§hpw XΩnep≈ hyXymkw BZytØX v{Kl]chpw CXp cmin]chp

amsW∂XmWv. BZytØXn¬ k]vX{KlßfpsS _nμp°ƒ 48, 49, 39, 54, 56, 52, 39

 426

F∂ {IaØnemsW¶n¬ CXn¬ 43, 36, 49, 46, 36, 40, 42, 45 F∂ {IaØnemWv hcp∂Xv.

DZmlcWw˛˛

c N Ip _p Kp ip a e BsI

k¿h 48 49 39 54 56 52 39 ˛˛ 337

kapZmb 43 36 49 46 36 40 42 45 337

a‰p hn[Øn¬ ]d™m¬, BZytØXv {Kl߃°p Xßfn¬\n∂pw a‰p

{Klßfn¬ \n∂pw Hmtcm cminbnepw In´p∂ _nμp°fmWv. c- matØXv {Kl߃

X߃°pw a‰p {Kl߃°pw sImSp°p∂ , Hmtcm cminbnepw hogp∂, _nμp°fmWv.

e·mjvSh¿§w hgnbp≈ Cu hyXymksamgn®m¬ thsd _m°nsb√m w HØp t]mIpw.

DZmlcWPmXIØnse kapZmbmjvSh¿§w

ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w

39 23 26 28

Ipw`w I¿°SIw

33 BsI 28

aIcw 337 Nnßw

34 25

[\p hr›nIwXpemw I∂n

29 21 27 24

36)

k¿hI¿a^temt]Xw AjvSh¿KIapNytX

A\yYm _ehn⁄m\w Zp¿t⁄bw KpWtZmjPw.

k¿hI¿a^temt]Xw AjvSh¿KIapNytX˛ F√m I¿Ω^eßfpw kq£vaambn

ImWn°p∂XmWv AjvSIh¿§k{ºZmbw

A\yYm ˛ as‰mcp hn[Ønepw

KpWtZmjPw ˛ KqWtZmj^eßsf ImWn°p∂.

_ehn⁄m\w ˛ {Kl_ehpw cmin_ehpw

Zp¿t⁄bw ˛ CXpt]mse Adnbm≥ Ignbn√ ..

12. kapZmbmjvSh¿§^ew

(37)

{Xnwim[nI^em tb kyq cmibkvtX ip`{]Zmx

]©hnwimXv]cw a≤yw IjvSw XkvamZ[x ^ew.

{Xnwim[nI^em ˛ ap∏Xn¬ A[nIw _nμp°fp≈.

cmibx ip`{]Zmx ˛ cminIƒ ip`^e{]ZamWv.

]©hnwimXv]cw a≤yw ˛ Ccp]Ønb©v ˛ ap∏Xp _nμp°ƒ

a≤yaw.

IjvSw XkvamXv A[x ^ew ˛ Ccp]Ønb©n¬ Ipd™m¬ IjvS^ew.

 427

(38)

a[ymXv^em[nIw emt` em`mXv £oWXtc hytb

bky hybm[ntI et· t`mKhm\¿Yhm≥ `thXv.

a[ymXv ^em[nIw emt` ˛ ]Xns\m∂mw`mhØn¬ ]Ømw`mhØnt\°mƒ

IqSpX¬ _nμp°ƒ D- mhpI.

em`mXv £oWXtc hytb ˛ ]{¥- mw`mhØnn¬ ]Xns\m∂mw `mhØn

t\°mƒ _nμp°ƒ Ipdhmbncn°pI.

bky hybm[ntI et· ˛ e·Øn¬ ]{¥- mw`mhØnnt\°mƒ A[nIw

_nμp°ƒ D- mhpI.

Cßs\ h∂m¬.

t`mKhm≥ A¿Yhm≥ `thXv ˛ kpJ߃A\p`hn°p∂h\pw [\nI\pw

BIpw.

(39)

aq¿XymZn hyb`mhm¥w ZrjvSzm `mh^em\n ssh

A[ntI tim`\w hnZym≤ot\ tZmjw hn\n¿ZtiXv.

aq¿XymZn hyb`mh¥w ZrjvSzm ˛ e·wapX¬ ]{¥- mw `mhwhsc.

hnebncpØnbn´v.

A[ntI tim`\w hnZymXv ˛ _nμp°ƒ IqSpXep≈ `mh߃

tim`\ambncn°psa∂pw.

lot\ tZmjw ˛ _nμp°ƒ Ipdhp≈ `mh߃

tZmjIcambncn°psa∂pw.

`mh^em\n ˛ `mh^ew.

hn\n¿ZtiXv ˛ \n¿t±in °Ww.

(40)

jjvTmjvSahybmwkvXy‡zm titjtjzh {]Iev]tbXv

t{ijvTcminjp k¿hmWn ip`ImcymWn ImctbXv.

k¿hmWn ip`ImcymWn ˛ F√m ip`Imcyßfpw.

jjvTmjvSahybmw Xy‡zm ˛ 6˛8˛12 `mh߃ Ign®v.

titjjp ˛ _m°nbp≈hbn¬,

t{ijvT cminjp ˛ _nμp°ƒ IqSpXep≈ cminIfn¬.

ImctbXv ˛ sNøWw.

(41)

e·mXv{]`qXn (1) aμm¥taIoIrXy ^em\n ssh

k]vX`n¿KpWtbX v]›mXv k]vXhnwilrXmX v^ew.

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ {]`rXn

(42)

X’am\KtX h¿tj ZpxJw hm tcmKam]v\pbmXv

Ghw aμmZn e·m¥w `uamcmtlzmkvXYm ^ew.

 428

e·mXv{]`qXn aμm¥w ˛ e·wapX¬ i\nhscbp≈

GIoIrXy ^em\n ssh ˛ _nμp°sf Iq´n.

k]vX`nx KpWtbXvv ˛ GgpsIm- p s]cp°n.

k]vXhnwi lrXmXv ^ew ˛ Ccp]ØntbgpsIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ

In´p∂ kwJybpsS.

kam\KtX h¿tj ˛ Xpeyamb h¿jØn¬.

ZpxJw hm tcmKw B]v\pbmXv ˛ ZpJw As√¶n¬ tcmKw D- mIpw.

Ghw aμmZn e·m¥w ˛ Cßs\ i\n apX¬ e·whscbpw

sNøWw.

`uam cmtlzm XYm ^ew

˛ i\nsbs°ms- ∂t]mse IpPs\s°m- pw cmlphns\s°ms- pw

Cßns\ {Inb sNbvXp Nn¥n°Ww.

(43)

ip`{KlmWmw kwtbmKx kam\m_vtZ ip`w `thXv

]p{XhnØkpJmZo\n e`tX \m{X kwibx.

ip`{KlmWmw kwtbmKx kam\m_vtZ ip`w `thXv

˛ Cßs\ ip`scs°m- p {Inb sNbvXp In´p∂Xn\p Xpeyamb h¿jØn¬

. ip`^eap- mIpw.

]p{XhnØkpJmZo\n e`tX \m{X kwibx.

˛ ]p{X≥, hnØw, kpJw F∂nh e`n°pw. kwibw th- .

(44)

kw{KtlW abm t{]m‡ajvSh¿^ew Xznl

Xss⁄¿hnkvXcXx t{]m‡a\y{X ]Sp_p≤n`nx.

kw{KtlW abm t{]m‡w AjvSh¿K^ew

˛ Cßs\ AjvSh¿§^ew F∂m¬ Npcp°Øn¬ ]dbs∏´p.

XXv ss⁄x hnkvXcXx t{]m‡w A\y{X ]Sp_p≤n`nx

˛ Cu hnjbw [njWmimenIfm¬ AhcpsS {KŸßfn¬ hnkvXcn®p

]dbs∏´n´p- v.

429 

A≤ymbw 25

D]{Kl߃

1 amμn

1. KpfntImZbw

. 2 AjvSmwikabcoXn

3 AjvSmwikab`mKßfpsS {Klm[n]Xyw

4 KpfntImZbw

5 Ie- dnse KpfnIImew XpSßnbhbnse Aimkv{XobX

(1) KpfnIImew

(2.) baI- IImew

(3). cmlpImew

2. KpfnIs\t∏mse DZn°p∂ a‰v D]{Kl߃

1. baI- I≥

2. A¿≤{]lmc≥

3. Ime≥

3. kqcykv^pSw ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ D]{Kl߃

1. [qaw

2. hyXo]mXw

3. ]cnthjw (]cn[n)

4. C{μ[\p v

5. D]tIXp

4. (1) amμn ]{¥- p `mhßfn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew

(2) amμn a‰p {KlßfpsS IqsS \n∂mep≈ ^ew

5 D]{KlßfpsS KpWtZmj^e߃

6 [qamZn D]{Kl^ew

7 ^eZm\kabw

8 D]tIXp e·w XpSßnb ]{¥- p `mhßfn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew.

 430

(1)

v \aman amμnw baI- ImJy˛

a¿≤{]lmcw `phn Imekw⁄w

[qahyXo]mX]cn[r`nJym˛

\p]{Klm\n{μ[\p› tIXq≥.

amμnw ˛ amμn AYhm KpfnI≥

baI- ImJyw ˛ baI- I≥

A¿≤{]lmc ˛ A¿≤{]lc≥

Imekw⁄w ˛ Ime≥

[qa hyXo]mX ]cn[r`nJym≥ ˛ [qaw, hyXo]mXw, ]cn[n

C{μ[\p› tIXq≥ ˛ C{μ[\p v, (D])tIXp (F∂o)

D]{Klm\n ˛ D]{Klßsf

\aman ˛ Rm≥ \akvIcn°p∂p

{Klw D]{Klw

1. kqcy≥ Ime

2. N{μ≥ ]cn[n (]cnthjw)

3. IpP≥ [qa

4. _p[≥ A¿≤{]lmc

5. Kpcp baI- I

6. ip{I≥ C{μNm]w (C{μ[\p v, tImZfi

7. i\n KpfnI≥ (amμn)

8. cmlp hyXo]mXw (]mX)

9. tIXp D]tIXp (inJn)

Cu D]{Kl߃ H∂n\pwXs∂ imkv{XZrjvSym AkvXnXzan√. cmlptIXpIƒ°v

AhImis∏Smhp∂ \ngens‚ ASnÿm\wt]mepan√. hmkvXhsa¥msW∂psh®m¬

Ch GXm\pw KWnX^e߃am{XamWv. CXn¬ KpfnI≥, baI- I≥, A¿≤

{]lmc≥, Ime≥ F∂nhsb AjvSmwikabcoXn A\pkcn®pw [qaw, hyXo]mXw,

]cn[n, C{μNm]w, D]tIXp F∂nhsb kqcykv^pSw ASnÿm\am°nbpamWv KWn

s®Sp°p∂Xv. HcpImcyw IqSn. AjvSmwicoXnbn¬ kqcys‚ kabØmWv DZn°p∂

sX¶n¬°qSn ^eZm\hnjbØn¬ Ime≥ cmlphns\t∏msebmWv.

(2)

Ncw cp{ZZmkyw LSw \nXyXm\w

J\n¿amμn\mVyx {ItaWm¿°hmcm¬

Al¿Ωm\hr≤n£bu X{X Imcyu

\nimbmw Xp hmtcizcmXv ]©amZymx.

1. amμn (KpfnI≥)

1. KpfntImZbw

 431

Ncw cp{Z Zmkyw LSw \nXy Xm\w J\nx

62 22 81 41 01 60 20 AXmbXv

26 22 18 14 10 6 2 Cu \mgnI{IaØn¬

amμn\mVyx {ItaW A¿°hmcm¬

˛ amμnbpsS AYhm KpfnIs‚ RmbdmgvN apX¬ Ggp Znhkßfnsebpw DZbw.

Al¿Ωm\hr≤n£bu X{X Imcyu -

˛ (KpfntImZbw IW°m°ptºmƒ) Zn\am\Øns‚ G‰°pd®nepIƒIqSn

]cnKWn°Ww.

\nimbmw Xp hmtcizcmXv ]©amZymx

˛ ]IetØXns‚ A©masØ ZnhktØXmbncn°pw. cm{Xnbnse

KpfntImZbw

2. AjvSmwikabcoXn kqcy≥ apXemb k]vX{Kl߃°p kabw ]¶psh®p \¬Ip∂ Hcp

coXnbmWnXv. 60 \mgnI ssZ¿Lyap≈ Hcp ZnhksØ BZyw ]I¬kabsa∂pw

cm{Xnkabsa∂pw c- mbn hn`Pn°p∂p. ]n∂oSv Hmtcm `mKtØbpw F´mbn `mKn

°p∂p. kqcy≥, N{μ≥, IpP≥, _p[≥, Kpcp, ip{I≥, i\n F∂ {IaØn¬ Hmtcm

`mKhpw k]vX{KlßfptSXmWv. F´masØ `mKw A\mYamWv. (Nne¿ CXv F´masØ

{Klamb cmlphn\p \¬Ip∂pap- v. AXmWv cmlpImew.)

]I¬ kqtcymZbØn¬\n∂pw Bcw`n°p∂p. ]Iens‚ BZy`mKw

hmcm[n]t‚XmWv. AXpt]mse cm{Xn kqcymkvXa\Øn¬\n∂pw Bcw`n°p∂p. BZy

`mKw A©mw hmcm[n]t‚Xpw. DZmlcWØn\v, i\nbmgvN ]I¬ i\nbn¬\n∂pw

cm{Xn _p[\n¬\n∂pw XpSßp∂p. (kuIcyØn\pth- n Cßs\bp≈ kab`mK

߃°p aq¿ØnXzw k¶¬∏n®v Hmtcm t]cp sImSpØXmWv Cu D]{Kl\ma߃.)

3. AjvSmwi kab`mKßfpsS {Klm[n]Xyw `mKw 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

\mgnI 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 ˛

Rmb¿ c N Ip _p Kp ip a -˛

Xn¶ƒ N Ip _p Kp ip a c ˛

sNmΔ Ip _p Kp ip a c N ˛

_p[≥ _p Kp ip a c N Ip ˛

hymgw Kp ip a c N Ip _p ˛

sh≈n ip a c N Ip _p Kp ˛

i\n a c N Ip _p Kp ip ˛

1. i\nbmgvN ]I¬ KpfntImZbw. ˛ a

2. i\nbmgvN cm{Xn KpfntImZbw.

(A©mwhmcm[n]≥) ˛ _p

3. AjvSmwiØn¬ i\nbpsS kab`mKamWv KpfnI\p hcpI.

 432

4 KpfntImZbw : ]I¬ / cm{Xn KpfntImZb\mgnI ]I¬ cm{Xn

Rmb¿ 26 10

Xn¶ƒ 22 6

sNmΔ 18 2

_p[≥ 14 26

hymgw 10 22

sh≈n 6 18

i\n 2 14

KWnXw DZmlcWw ˛ KpfntImZbw i\nbmgN ]I¬

]Iens‚ \ofw ]{¥- p aWn°qdmsW∂p IcpXpI. ]Iens\ F´p sIm- p

lcn®p F´p `mKam°pI. Hcp `mKw H∂caWn°q¿ hcpw. BZysØ `mKw hmcm[n]

\mWv. i\nbmgvNbmbXn\m¬ ChnsS AXp i\n°mWv. ASpØXv RmbmgvNbpsS

{Klw kqcy\v. ]ns∂ Xn¶fmgvNbpsS {Klw N{μ\v. Cu {IaØn¬ Xs∂ a‰p≈hbpw.

F´masØ `mKw iq\yw.

5. Ie- dnse KpfnIImew XpSßnbhbnse Aimkv{XobX Ie- ¿ t\m°nbm¬ i\nbmgvNIfn¬ aq∂pXcw tZmjkab߃ ImWmw.

1. cmlpImew 9 10.30

2. KpfnIImew 6 7.30

3. baI- IImew 1..30 ˛ 3.

CsXßns\bmWp hcp∂sX∂p t\m°mw.

(1.) KpfnIImew

Zn\am\w 30 \mgnI (12 aWv°q¿) BsW¶n¬ F´p `mKßfpsSbpw ssZ¿Lyw

`mKw 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

(\mgnI) 30˛4 4˛8 8˛12 12˛16 16˛20 20˛24 24˛28 28˛2

D]{KlßfpsS DZb\mgnI AYhm AjvSmwiØns‚ a≤y`mKw˛˛

2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30

aWn°qdnemIptºmƒ 1 `mKw H∂c aWn°q¿

DZbw 6 aWn°mIptºmƒ˛˛

i\nbmgvN Hmtcm kab`mKhpw Bcw`n°p∂Xv˛˛

(aWn) 6 AM 7.30 AM 9AM 10.30AM 12AM 1.30PM 3 PM 4.30 PM

A[n]¿ a c N Ip _p Kp ip -˛

i\nbmgvN BZy`mKw i\n°v AYhm i\nbpsS D]{Klamb KpfnI\v.

AXpsIm- v i\nbmgvN ]Iense KpfnIImew 6 AM apX¬ 7.30 AM hsc.

(2) baI- IImew

AXpt]mse i\nbmgvNbnse BdmasØ `mKw hymgØns‚ AYhm hymgØns‚

D]{Klamb baI- It‚XmWv. Aßs\ A∂p 1.30 apX¬ 3 hsc baI- I

Imeambn.

 433

(3). cmlpImew

iq\yw hcp∂ F´masØ `mKw F´masØ {Klamb cmlphn\p sImSpØm¬

cmlpImeambn. F∂m¬ Ie- dnse coXn CX√.

BgvN coXn 1 coXn 2

Rmb¿ 8˛masØ `mKw 8˛masØ `mKw

Xn¶ƒ 7 ,, 2 ,,

sNmΔ 6 ,, 7 ,,

_p[≥ 5 ,, 5 ,,

hymgw 4 ,, 6 ,,

sh≈n 3 ,, 4 ,,

i\n 2 ,, 3 ,,

c- masØ coXn ]ctZinbmWv. AXmWv Ie- dn¬ sImSp°p∂Xv.

CXp{]ImcamWv i\nbmgvN 9 apX¬ 10.30 hsc cmlpImew hcp∂Xpw.

`mcXob tPymXnjØns‚ ASnÿm\{KŸamb tlmcmimkv{XØn¬ A]q¿h

ambmWv cmlp {]Xy£s∏Sp∂XpXs∂. AXpw Hcp kl\Ss‚ tdmfn¬ am{Xw.

Xs∂b√, 6 aWn°v DZbw hcpI hncen¬ FÆmhp∂ Znhkßfn¬ am{XamWpXm\pw.

Npcp°Øn¬ Ie- dnse 6 aWn°v DZbw ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ cmlpImew

Akw_‘amWv.

2. KpfnIs\t∏mse DZn°p∂ a‰v D]{Kl߃

(Ch cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw IrXykabßfn¬ DZn°p∂p.)

(3)

Znhym LSo \nXyX\px J\o\mw

Nt{μ cpcpx kymZyaI- Iky

A¿≤{]lmcky `Sm \tS\

kvX\u J\o N{μJcu Pb⁄x.

1. baI- I≥ baI- Iky baI- Is‚ DZb\mgnIIƒ

Rmb¿ Xn¶ƒ sNmΔ _p[≥ hymgw sh≈n i\n ({IaØn¬)

Znhym LSo \nXy X\px J\o\mw Nt{μ cpcp

81 41 01 60 200 62 22 AXmbXv

18 14 10 6 2 26 22

2. A¿≤{]lmc≥ A¿≤{]lmcs‚ DZb\mgnIIƒ

Rmb¿ Xn¶ƒ sNmΔ _p[≥ hymgw sh≈n i\n {IaØn¬

`Sm \tS\ X\u J\o N{μ Jcu Pb

41 010 60 20 62 22 81 AXmbXv

14 10 6 2 26 22 18

 434

(4)

Imeky t^\w Xcpcp{ZZnhyw

htμym \SkvssXc\p kqcyhmcmXv

Gjmw kaw amμnhtZhXØ˛

∂mVym kv pSw e·hZ{X km≤yw.

3. Ime≥ Imeky ˛ Ime≥ F∂ D]{KlØns‚ DZbw

t^\w Xcp cp{Z Znhyw htμym \S tX

20 62 22 81 41 01 6 AXmbXv

2 26 22 18 14 10 6 Cu {IaØn¬

Rmb¿ Xn¶ƒ sNmΔ _p[≥ hymgw sh≈n i\n Znhkßfn¬

\nimbmw Xp hmtcizcmXv ]©amZym F∂ \nbaw Chbv°pw _m[IamWv.

kv^pSw ImWp∂ coXn DZmlcWw i\nbmgvN cm{Xn P\\w. CShamkw

DZbw 6˛03. AkvXa\w 6˛46. ÿew Xriq¿.

CShamkambXn\m¬ Zn\am\w IqSpXepw cm{Xn Ipdhpambncn°pw.

aWn an\n‰v

AkvXa\w 6˛46 PM AYhm 18 46

DZbw 6 03

]Iens‚ \ofw 12 43

]I¬ IqSpXep≈ kabw (43 an\n‰v) cm{Xnbn¬ Ipdbpw.

ASpØ DZbw 6˛03 AYhm 18 03

AkvXa\w 6 48

cm{XnbpsS ssZ¿Lyw 11 17

11 aWn°q¿ 17 an\n‰v F∂p ]d™m¬ 677 an\n‰v. CXns\ F´psIm- p lcn

°ptºmƒ 84 an\n‰pw Ipd®p sk°‚pw AXmbXv 1 aWn°q¿ 24 an\n‰p hcpw. \ΩpsS

P\\w i\nbmgvN bmbXn\m¬ A©masØ hmcm[n]≥ AXmbXv _p[‚

kabamWv BZyw hcpI.

1) i\nbmgvN cm{Xn BZykab`mKw 6˛46 +1˛24 = 8˛10 hsc. {Klw _p[≥.

(]Iens‚, i\nbmgvNbpsS, A©mwhmcØns‚, _p[\mgvNbpsS A[n]≥). _p[s‚

D]{Klw A¿≤{]lmc≥. 6-˛-46s‚ e·w ImWpI.. hr›nIw In´pw. hr›nIcminbn

embncn°pw At∏mƒ A¿≤{]lmcs‚ ÿnXn.

2) c- masØ kab`mKw 8˛10 + 1˛24 = 9.34 hsc. _p[≥ Ign™m¬ ASpØ

{Klw Kpcq. Kpcphns‚ D]{Klw baI- I≥. 8˛10s‚ e·w [\p. baI- IÿnXn

[\phn¬.

3) aq∂masØ kab`mKw 9˛34 + 1˛24 = 10˛58 hsc. {Klw ip{I≥

(ip{Is‚ D]{Klw [qamZn ]©kv^pSØnemWp hcp∂Xv.)

 435

4) \memasØ kab`mKw 10˛58 + 1˛24 = 12 ˛22 hsc. {Klw i\n.

D]{Klw KpfnI≥. 10˛58s‚ e·w aIcw. KpfnI≥ aIcØn¬.

5) A©masØ kab`mKw 12 ˛22 + 1˛24 = 1.46 hsc. {Klw chn. D]{Klw

Ime≥. 12˛22s‚ e·w Ipw`w. Ime≥ Ipw`Øn¬.

amμnbpw KpfnI\pw ^eZo]nIbn¬ amμnbpw KpfnI\pw H∂mWv. {Klsa∂ \nebv°p \nehnep≈

kv^pSw sh®p {Inb sNøptºmƒ DZmlcWPmXIØnse amμnkv^pSw Ip`w 15˛45

BWp In´pI. F∂m¬ D]{Klsa∂ \nebv°p i\nbpsS AjvSmwikabw sh®p

IW°p sNøptºmƒ CXp aIcØn¬ hcpw.

(5)

[qtam thZKrsslkv{XtbmZi`n˛

c]ywssi tatX chu

kymØkvan≥ hyXn]mXtIm hnKfntX

N{ImZYmkvan\yptX

jUv`n¿ss`x ]cnthj C{μ[\pcn˛

Xykvan≥ NyptX afiem˛

ZXyjvSywibptX f {X tIXpcY

Xss{XI¿£bpt‡m chnx.

3. kqcykv^pSw ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ D]{Kl߃

_m°nbp≈ A©v D]{KlfpsS tcJmwiw ([qamZn ]©kv^pSw) ImWp∂

coXnbmWv Cu t«mIØn¬ ]dbp∂Xv.

1. [qaw thZKrssl ˛ 4 cmin

{XtbmZi`n A]n Awssi ˛ 13 `mK (20 Iebpw)

ktatX chu ˛ IqSnb kqcy≥ (kqcykv^pSw)

[qtam ˛ [qakv^pSw BIp∂p.

DZmlcWw

kqcykv^pSw 1˛25˛31 55˛31

+ 4˛13˛20 133˛20

6˛8˛51 188˛51 ([qaw XpemØn¬)

2. hyXo]mXw Xkvan≥ hyXn]mXtIm hnKfntX N{ImXv

˛ AXns\ N{IØn¬ (12 cmin / 360 Un{Knbn¬)\n∂pw Ipd®m¬ hyXo]mXw.

DZmlcWw

360 ˛ 188˛51 = 171˛9 (hyXo]mXw I∂nbn¬)

 436

3. ]cnthjw (]cn[n) Xkvan≥ bptX jUv`n¿ss`x ]cnthj

˛ hyXn]mXtØmSv 6 cmin Iq´nbm¬ ]cnthjw (]cn[n)

DZmlcWw

171˛9 + 180 = 351˛9 (]cnthjw ao\Øn¬)

4. C{μ[\p v C{μ[\px CXn Akvan≥ NyptX afiemXv

˛ AXns\ 12 cminbn¬ \n∂pw Ipd®m¬ C{μ[\p v

DZmlcWw

360 ˛˛ 351˛9 = 8˛51 (C{μNm]w taSØn¬)

5.D]tIXp AXyjvSywibptX A{X tIXp AY

˛ AXnt\mSp 17 `mKIƒ (16˛40 IrXyw) tN¿Øm¬ D]tIXp (5)

DZmlcWw

8˛51 + 16˛40 = 25˛31 = D]tIXp taSØn¬

X{X GI¿£ bpt‡m chnx ˛ AXnt\mSv Hcp cmin tN¿Øm¬ kqcy≥

DZmlcWw

25˛31 + 30 = 55˛31. = kqcy≥ CShØn¬

(6)

`mhm[ymtb ]q¿htah abm t{]m‡w kap®bw

ap‡m\mw bØtZhm{X hmNyw `mh^ew ZrVw.

{Kl߃ `mhßfn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew apºv `mhm≤ymbØn¬, hnhcn®n´p- v.

D]{Kl߃°pw AX\pkcn®p ]dbmw. AXmbXv˛˛

{Klßfpw D]{Klßfpw i\n ˛ KpfnI≥

hymgw ˛ baI- I≥

_p[≥ ˛ A¿≤{]lc≥

cmlp ˛ Ime≥

(7)

XYm]n KpfnImZo\mw hntitjm f {X \nKZytX

]q¿hmNmsscy¿bZmJymXw X’wKrly atbmZnXw.

F∂ncp∂mepw, KpfnI≥ apXembhbpsS hntij^e߃ ]q¿hmNmcy∑mcm¬,

]dbs∏´Xv Rm≥ Npcp°n hnhcn°mw.

 437

4. (1) amμn ]{¥- p `mhßfn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew

(8) tNmcx {Iqtcm hn\-b-c-lntXm thZ-im-kv{Xm¿∞-lot\m

\mXn-ÿqtem \b-\-hn-IrtXm \mXn[o¿∂-mXn-]p{Xx

(1) \m¬]m-lmco kpJ-hn-c-lntXm eºtSm \mXn-Poho

iptcm \ kymZ]n PU-aXnx tIm]t\m amμn -e-t·.

.(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛

\m¸m-lmco \ t`mKo _lp-hn-j-b-]tcm \mXn-Poho \ iqtcm

t\mhn-Zzm≥ \nXy-tIm]o Ie-l-Ir-Z-\niw aμ-]pt{X hne-t· (sIm√w)

1. amμn e·Øn¬

aμ-]pt{X hne-t· ˛ amμn e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬

tNmcx ˛ I≈≥,

{Iqtcm ˛ {Iqc≥,

hn\-b-c-lntXm ˛ hn\-b-an-√m-Øh≥,

thZ-im-kv{Xm¿∞-lot\m ˛ thZhpw im-kv{Xm¿∞-ßfpw ]Tn-°m-Ø-h≥,

\ AXn-ÿqtem ˛ A[nIw XSn-bn-√m-Ø-h≥,

\b-\- hn-Ir-Xnx ˛ t\{X-ssh-Ieyw,

\ A-Xn-[ox ˛ A[nIw _p≤n-bn-√m-Ø-h≥,

\ A-Xn-]p{Xx ˛ A[nIw a°-fn-√m-Ø-h≥,

\ A¬∏m-lmco ˛ Ipd-®p-am{Xw `£Ww Ign-°p-∂-h-\-√,

\ t`mKo ˛ kpJ-t`m-K-߃°p `mKy-an-√m-Ø-h≥,

_lp-hn-j-b-]tcm ˛ hfsc hnjb (kp-J) X¬∏-c≥,

\ AXn-Poho ˛ A[nIw Pohn-°m-Ø-h≥ (A¬∏m-bp- v),

\ iqtcm ˛ iqc-\-√m-Ø-h≥,

\ hn-Zzm≥ ˛ A¬∏-⁄≥,

\nXy-tIm]o ˛ ÿncw ipWvTn°m-c≥,

Ie-l-Ir-Xv A-\niw ˛ Ft∏mgpw hg-°p-- m-°p-∂-h≥.

(9)

\ NmSp-hmIyw Ie-lmbamt\m

\ hnØ-[m-\yw ]c-tZ-i-hmko

\ hmM v\ kq£vam¿∞-hn-hmZ-hmtIym

Znt\-i-]ut{X [\-cmin kwtÿ.

2. amμn c- n¬ Znt\-i-]ut{X [\-cmin kwtÿ ˛ amμn c- n¬ \n∂m¬,

\ NmSp-hmIyw ˛ hmIvkm-a¿∞y-an-√m-Ø-h≥,

Ie-lmbamt\m ˛ hg-°mfn,

\ hnØ-[m-\yw ˛ [\hpw [m\yhpw C√m-Ø-h≥,

]c-tZ-i-hmko ˛ A\y-\m-´n¬ Pohn-°m≥ hn[n-°-s∏-´-h≥,

\ hmMv ˛ \nc¿∞-hmZn

 438

(hm-°p-]m-en-°m-Ø-h≥ F∂pw ImWp-∂p.),

\ kq£vam¿∞ -hn-hm-Z- hmtIym ˛ kq£vam¿∞w a\- n-em-°msX hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-

Z-Øn\p apXn-cp-∂-h≥.

(shdpsX X¿°n°p∂h≥)

(10)

hnc-l-K¿h-a-Zm-Zn- K(Kp)ssW¿bpX

{]Np-c-tIm-]-[-\m¿÷-\-kw-{`ax

hnK-X-tim-I-`-b› hntkm-Ztcm

Kpfn-I-\m-a\n tkmZ-c-kw-ÿn-tX.(1)

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ kl-P-[m-a\n aμ-kptXm bZm.

3. amμn aq∂n¬ Kpfn-I-\m-a\n tkmZ-c- kw-ÿn-tX ˛ amμn aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬,

hnc-l -K¿h- a-Zm-Zn- KpssWx bpX ˛ K¿hw, aZw XpS-ßn-b-hbp≈h≥,

{]Np-c-tIm-]- ˛ henb tZzjy-°m-c≥,

[-\m¿÷-\-kw-{`ax ˛ ]W-ap-- m-°≥ th- n ]mSp-s]-Sp-∂-h≥,

hnK-X- tim-I- `-bx N ˛ ZpJhpw `b-hp-an-√m-Ø-h≥,

hntkm-Ztcm ˛ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cn-√m-Ø-h≥.

(11)

kplrZn i\n-kptX kymXv _‘p-bm-\m¿∞-lo-\˛

›e-a-Xn-c-h-_p-≤n¿∂m¬∏-Poho (1) \ ]p{Xx

_lp-cn-]p-K-W-l¥m `qX-hn-Zym-hn-t\mZo

cn]p-KX KpfntI kt{i-jvT-]p-{X- p-iq-cx.

(1) ]mTt`Zw : kz¸-Poho

4. amμn \men¬ kplrZn i\n-kpX kymXv ˛ amμn \men¬ \n∂m¬,

_‘p- bm-\ A¿∞- lo-\ ˛ _‘p-°ƒ, hml-\-߃ F∂nh

C√m-Ø-h-\m-Ipw.,

5. amμn A©n¬ ]pt{X ˛ amμn A©n¬ \n∂m¬,

Ne-a-Xnx- ˛ a\ v Dd®p \n¬°-mØ-h≥,

A-h-_p-≤nx ˛ Zp¿∫p≤n,

A¬∏-Poho ˛ A¬∏m-bp v

\ ]p{Xx ˛ ]p{X-`mKyw C√m-Ø-h≥,

6. amμn Bdn¬ cn]p-KX KpfntI ˛ amμn Bdn¬ \n∂m¬,

_lp -cn-]p- K-W-l¥m ˛ i{Xp-K-WsØ \in-∏n-°p-∂-h≥,

`qX-hn-Zym-hn-t\mZo ˛ `qXhn-Zy-bn¬ (PmehnZybn¬) ckn°p-∂-h≥.

kt{i-jvT- ]p-{X- ˛ t{ijvT-cmb ]p{X-tcmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥,

kp-iq-cx ˛ iucy-ap-≈-h≥.

 439

(12)

If-{X-kwtÿ KpfntI Ielo _lp-`m-cyIx

temI-tZzjo IrX-Lv\› kz¬∏⁄x kz¬∏-tIm-]-\x.

7. amμn Ggn¬ If-{X-kwtÿ KpfntI ˛ amμn Ggn¬ \n∂m¬,

Ielo ˛ hg-°mfn,

_lp-`m-cyIx ˛ _lp-`m-cyXzw,

temI-tZzjo ˛ temIsØ shdp-°p-∂-h≥,

IrX-Lv\ ˛ \μn-sI-´-h≥,

kz¬∏⁄x ˛ A¬∏-⁄m\n,

kz¬∏-tIm-]-\x ˛ \n mcImcyßfn¬t∏mepwtIm]n°p∂-h≥

(13)

hnI-e-\-b-\-ht{‡m {lkz-tZ-tlm- f jvS-atÿ

Kpcp-kp-X-hn-bptXm f `q≤¿Ω-kwtÿ f ¿°]p-t{X. (1)

v\ ip-`-Z-^-e-I¿Ωm (2) I¿Ω-kwtÿ hnZm-\#x

kpJ-kp-X-a-Xn-tXPx Im¥n-am≥ em`-kw-tÿ.

]mT-t`Zw

(1) Kpcp-kp-X-hn-bp-X ym≤¿Ω-kwtÿ hnjmtJy

(2) Aip-`-Z-^-e-I¿Ωm

8. amμn F´n¬ AjvS-atÿ ˛ amμn F´n¬ \n∂m¬,

hnI-e- \-b-\- ht{‡m ˛ hnI-e-amb (hn-cq-]-am-b) IÆp-Ifpw apJhpw,

{lkz- tZ-tlm- ˛ \ofw Ipd™ tZlw (D-b-c-an-√m-Ø-h≥),

9. amμn Hº-Xn¬ [¿Ω-kwtÿ hnjmtJy ˛ amμn Hº-Xn¬ \n∂m¬,

Kpcp- kp-X -hn-bp-X kymXv ˛ Kpcp, ]p{X≥ Ch C√m-Ø-h≥,

10. amμn ]Øn¬

I¿Ω-kwtÿ hnjmtJy ˛ amμn I¿Ω-Øn¬ (]-Øn¬) \n∂m¬,

Aip-`-Z-^-e-I¿Ωm ˛ Aip`-I¿Ω-ßsf sNøp-∂-h≥,

hnZm-\ ˛ Zm\I¿Ωw sNøm-Ø-h≥,

11. amμn ]Xns\m∂n¬

em`-kw-tÿ ˛ amμn em`-Øn¬ \n∂m¬,

kpJ -kp-X -a-Xn- tXPmx Im¥n-am≥ kpJw, kpX≥, _p≤n, tXP v, tZ-l-Im-¥n

Ch-bp-- m-Ipw.

(14)

hnj-b-(hn)c-lntXm Zot\m _lp-hybx

kymZvhytb Kpfn-I-kwtÿ

 440

Kpfn-I-{Xn-tIm-Wt` hm

P∑ {_qbm-∂-hmwti hm.

12. amμn ]{¥-- n¬ hytb Kpfn-I-kwtÿ ˛ amμn ]{¥-- n¬ \n∂m¬,

hnj-b-c-lntXm ˛ hnjbw (kp-J-t`m-Kw) C√m-Ø-h≥,

Zot\m ˛ Zo\≥,

_lp-hybx kymXv -˛ hfsc Nnehp sNøp-∂-h≥ BIpw.

KpfnIs\s°m- v P-\-\-k-abw IrXy-am-°m-\p-≈ -\nbaw.

Kpfn-I-{Xn-tIm-Wt` hm P∑ {_qbm-∂-hmwti hm

˛ Kpfn-I≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS {XntIm-W-Øntem Kpfn-I≥ \n¬°p∂ \hmw-

i-Øntem Bbn-cn°pw P\-\w. (P-\-\-k-abw IrXy-am-°m-\p-≈-XmWv Cu \nbaw)

(2) amμn a‰p {KlßfpsS IqsS \n∂mep≈ ^ew

(15)

chn-bpt‡ ]nXr-l¥m amXr-t¢io \nim-]-kw-bpt‡

{`mXr-hn-tbm-K- -IptP _p[-bpt‡ aμtP N tkm∑m-Zo.

chn-bpt‡ ]nXr-l¥m ˛ amμn chn-tbm-Sp-IqSn \n∂m¬ ]nXracWw,

amXr-t¢io \nim-]-kw-bpt‡ ˛ N{μ-t\m-Sp-IqSn \n∂m¬ amXr-t¢iw,

{`mXr-hn-tbm-K- -IptP ˛ IpP-t\m-Sp-IqSn \n∂m¬ ktlm-Z-c-hn-tbmKw,

_p[-bpt‡ aμtP N tkm∑m-Zo ˛ _p[-t\m-Sp-IqSn \n∂m¬ D∑m-Z-ap-≈-h≥

(am-\-kn-I-tcm-K-ap-≈-h≥).

(16)

Kpcp-bpt‡ ]mjmWvUo Ihn-bpt‡ \oN-Im-an-\o-kwKx

i\n-bpt‡ i\n-]pt{X IpjvT-hym-[o-bp-X› tkm¬f∏m-bpx.

i\n-]pt{X Kpcp-bpt‡ ]mjmWvUo ˛ amμn hymgØns‚ IqsS \n∂m¬

\nco-iz-c-hmZn,

Ihn-bpt‡ -\oN-Im-an-\o-kwKx ˛ ip{Is‚ IqsS \n∂m¬ \oN-kv{Xo-I-fp

- ambn _‘w.,

i\n-bpt‡ IpjvT-hym-[o-bp-Xx N A¬]m-bpx. ˛ i\n-bpsS IqsS \n∂m¬ IpjvT-tcm-Kw,

A¬∏m-bp- v.

(17)

hnj-tcmKo cmlp-bptX

inJn-bpt‡ h”n-]o-UntXm amμu

Kpfn-I-Xym-Py-bp-X-t›˛

Økvan≥ PmtXm \rt]mf]n `n£mio.

 441

amμu hnj-tcmKo cmlp-bptX ˛ cmlp-hn-s‚-IqsS \n∂m¬ hnj-tcmKn,

inJn-bpt‡ h”n-]o-UntXm ˛ tIXp-hn-s‚-IqsS \n∂m¬ A·n-`-bw.,

Kpfn-I -Xym-Py- bp-X- tNXv Xkvan≥ PmtXm \rt]m A]n `n£mio

˛ Kpfn-I≥ XymPy-tØm-Sp-IqSn \n∂m¬, cmPm-hm-bn P\n-®m-epw, - ]n® sX- pw

F∂p Npcp-°w. (XymPyw ˛ XymP-K-W-ßfpw XymPy-ap-lq¿Ø-ßfpap-- v. AXv

ChnsS hnh-cn°m≥ ÿe-]-cn-anXn A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√.)

(18)

Kpfn-Iky Xp kwtbmtK tZmjm≥ k¿h{X \n¿±n-ti-Xv

baI- IkwtbmtK k¿h{X IYtb—p`w.

Kpfn-I≥ GXp {Kl-Øns‚ IqsS \n∂mepw GXp `mh-Øn¬ \n∂mepw tZmj-^-e-

am-bn-cn-°pw XcpI. KpfnI\p ]Icw baI- I\msWßIn¬ ip`^eambncn°pw.

(19)

tZmj{]Zmt\ KpfntIm _eobm≥

ip`{]Zmt\ baI- Ix kymXv

At\y N k¿th hyk\{]Zmt\

amμyp‡hocym¿≤_em\znXmx kypx.

5 D]{KlßfpsS KpWtZmj^e߃

tZmj{]Zmt\ KpfntIm _eobm≥ ˛ tZmj^ewsImSp°p∂Xn¬ KpfnI\mWv apº≥

ip`{]Zmt\ baI- IkymXv ˛ ip`^ew \¬Ip∂Xn¬ baI- I\pw.

At\y N k¿th hyk\{]Zmt\ ˛ a‰p≈h(A¿≤{]lc\pw Ime\pw) hyk\w

sImSp°p∂hbmWv. ; F¶nepw

amμyp‡ hocym¿≤ _em\znXmx kypx. ˛tZmji‡n amμn°p (KpfnI\p) ]d™

Xns‚ ]IpXntb Chbv°p≈q.

(20)

i\nhZvKpfntI t{]m‡w KpcphZyaI- tI

A¿≤{]lmtc _p[hXv ^ew Imte Xp cmlphXv.

i\nhXv KpfntI t{]m‡w ˛ amμn i\nsbt∏msebpw,

KpcphXv baI- I ˛ baI- I≥ Kpcphns\t∏msebpw,

A¿≤{]lmtc _p[hXv ˛ A¿≤{]lmc≥ _p[s\t∏msebpw,

Imte Xp cmlphXv ˛ Ime≥ cmlphns\t∏msebpw,

^ew ˛ ^ew (\¬Ip∂p).

(21)

ImekvXp cmlp¿KpfnI› arXyp¿˛

PohmXpIx kymZyaI- tIm f ]n

 442

A¿≤{]lmcx ip`Zx ip`m¶˛

bpt‡m f \yYm tNZip`w hnZ[ymXv.

ImekvXp cmlpx ˛ Ime≥ cmlphns\t∏msebpw,

KpfnIkvXp arXyp ˛ KpfnI≥ acWhpw,

PohmXpIx kymXv baI- I A]n baI- I≥ arXkRvPoh\nbmbpw,

^ew \¬Ip∂p .

A¿≤{]lmcx ip`Zx ip`m¶bp‡ A¿≤{]lmc≥ (_p[s\t∏mse) ip`tcmSp

tN¿∂m¬ ip`^ew,

A\yYm tNXv Aip`w hnZ[ymXv ˛ Aip`tcmSp tN¿∂m¬ Aip`hpw ^ew.

ip`m¶bp‡≥ F∂p ]d™m¬ ip`_nμp°tfmSpIqSnbh≥ F∂mWv A¿∞w.

_p[s\t∏msebmbXn\m¬ `mhm¿∞w sImSpØp.

6 [qamZn D]{Kl^ew

(22)

BflmZtbm f [nss]¿bp‡m [qamZn{KlkwbpXmx

tX `mh\miXmw bm¥n hZXoXn ]cmicx.

BflmZb A[nss] bp‡m [qamZn{KlkwbpXm

˛ e·w XpSßnb `mhßfpsS \mY∑m¿°p [qamZn D]{Kl_‘w h∂m¬,

tX `mh\miXmw bm¥n ˛ Ah `mh\miw sNøpw

hZXoXn ]cmicx ˛ F∂p ]cmic≥.

(23)

[qta k¥XapjvWw kymZ·n`oXn¿at\mhyYm

hyXo]mtX arK`bw (1) NXpjv]m∑cWw Xp hm.

(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ arXn`bw

1. [qa^ew [qta k¥Xw DjvWw kymXv

A·n`oXn at\mhyYm ˛ NqSpsIm- p≈ hnja߃, A·n`bw,

at\mZpJw F∂nh [qa^ew,

2. hyXo]mX^ew hyXo]mtXarK`bwNXpjv]m∑cWw˛ arK`btam \m¬°menIƒ°p \mitam

hyXo]mX^ew

(24)

]cnthtj Pte `ocp¿PetcmK© _‘\w

C{μNmt] inemLmXx £Xw ikvss{Xc]n NypXnx.

3. ]cnthj^ew ]cnthtj Pte `ocp PetcmKw N _‘\w

˛ Pe`bw, PeP\ytcmK߃, _‘\w Ch ]cnthj^ew,

 443

4. C{μNm]^ew C{μNmt] inemLmXx £Xw ikvss{Xc]n NypXnx

˛ I√psIm- p≈ BLmX߃, Bbp[߃sIm- p≈ £X߃, NypXn

(\miw / A]am\w) Ch C{μNmN^ew.

(25)

tIXu ]X\LmXmZyw Imcy\mtim f it\¿`bw

GtX bZv`mhklnXmkvX±imbmw ^ew htZXv.

5. D]tIXp ^ew tIXu ]X\LmXmZyw Imcy\miw Ait\¿`bw

˛ hogvN, BLmXw, Imcy\miw, CSnan∂¬`bw Ch D]tIXp^ew,

7 ^eZm\kabw GtX bXv `mhklnXmx ˛ Cu D]{Kl߃ GsXmcp `mh\mYs‚

IqsSbmtWm \n¬°p∂Xv,

X±imbmw ^ew htZXv ˛ B `mh\mYs‚ Zibn¬ ^ew ]dbWw.

D]{KlßfpsS ^ew Ft∏mƒ A\p`hs∏Spw F∂ tNmZyØn\p≈

DØcamWv CXv.

(26)

A¸mbpx IpapJx ]cm{IaKptWm

ZpxJo N \jvSmflPx

{]Xy¿∞n¿£p`ntXm hnio¿ÆaZt\m

Zp¿Ωm¿KarXypw KXx

[¿ΩmZn{]XnIqetXm f S\cpNn¿˛

√m`m\zntXm tZmjhm˛

\ntXyhw {Iatim hne·`h\mXv

tItXmx ^ew Io¿ØtbXv.

8 D]tIXp e·w XpSßnb ]{¥- p `mhßfn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew.

`mhw ^ew 1. A¬∏mbp ˛ A¬∏mbp v

2. IpapJx ˛ Zp¿ΩpJ≥ (sshcq]yap≈ apJw)

3. ]cm{IaKpWo ˛ ]cm{Ian

4. ZpJo ˛ ZpJnX≥

5. \jvSmflPx ˛ a°ƒ \jvSs∏´h≥

6. {]Xy¿∞n £p`ntXm ˛ i{Xp°tfmSp t£m`w

7. hnio¿ÆaZt\m ˛ \in® ImatØmSpIqSnbh≥

 444

8. Zp¿Ωm¿KarXypw KXx ˛ Z¿ΩcWw

9. [¿ΩmZn {]XnIqeXm ˛ A[m¿ΩnI≥

10. AS\cpNnx ˛ k©mcn

11. em`m\zntXm ˛ em`tØmSpIqSnbh≥

12. tZmjhm≥ ˛ tZmjn (tZmjkz`mhßfp≈h≥)

CtXyhw {Iatim hne·`h\mXv tItXmx ^ew Io¿ØtbXv

˛Cßs\ {IaØn¬ e·wapX¬°v D]tIXphns‚ ^ew ]dbs∏´ncn°p∂p.

(27)

A{]Imimx k©c¥n [qamZymx ]©tJNcmx

IzNnXv IZmNnXv Zriyt¥ temtIm]{ZhtlXth.

A{]Imim k©c¥n [qamZym ]©tJNcm

˛ [qamZn ]©D]{Kl߃ AZriycmWv,

IzNnXv IZmNnXv Zriyt¥ temtIm]{ZhtlXth

˛ Ft∏msg¶nepw Ah ZriyamIp∂psh¶n¬ AXp temtIm]{ZhtlXphpamWv.

[qamZnIsf ImWp∂Xp Zp¿∂nanØamsW∂p kmcw.

(28)

[qakvXp [qa]Sex ]p—¿£anXn tIN\

D¬°m]mtXm hyXo]mXx ]cnthjkvXp ZriytX.

(29)

temtI {]kn≤w b±rjvSw XtZth{μ[\px kvarXw

tIXp› [qatIXpx kymXv temtIm]{ZhImcIx.

1. [qakvXp [qa]Sex ˛ [qaw ]pI]SeamWv,

]p—¿£anXn tIN\ ˛ hm¬\£{Xsa∂pw Nne¿ ]dbp∂p.

2. D¬°m]mtXm hyXo]mXx ˛ hyXo]mXw sIm≈nao≥ hogvNbmWv.

3. ]cnthjkvXp ZriytX ˛ kqcyN{μ∑mcpsSNp‰pap≈

{]Imihebamb ]cnthjw ZriyamWv.

4. temtI {]kn≤w bXv ZrjvSw ˛ temI{]knambXpw Zriyhpamb

XXv Gh C{μ[\px kvarXw ˛ aghn√mWv C{μNm]w.

6. tIXp› [qatIXpx kymXv temtIm]{ZhImcIx.

˛ tIXphpw [qatIXphpw temIØn\v D]{ZhIcamWv.

(PohPme߃°p tZmjIcamWv.)

(30)

KpfnI`h\\mtY tI{μtK hm {XntImtW

_en\n \nPKrlkvtY tkzm®an{XÿntX hm

cYKPXpcKmWmw \mbtIm amcXpteym

alnX]rYpbim ymt∑Zn\oafite{μx.

KpfnI`h\\mtY

 445

˛ KpfnI≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS A[n]\mb {Klw

_en\n

˛ _ehm\mbn

tI{μtK hm {XntImtW

˛ tI{μØntem {XntImWØntem \n¬°pIbpw

\nPKrlkvtY tkzm®an{XÿntX hm

˛ AXp kzt£{Xw, Xs‚ D®cmin, an{Xt£{Xw Chbnsem∂mhpIbpw sNbvXm¬

cY KP XpcKmWmw \mbtIm amcXpteym

˛ tXcpIƒ, B\Iƒ, IpXncIƒ ChbpsS \mbI\pw ImatZhs\t∏mse

kpμc\pw,

alnX]rYpbim kymXv taZn\oafite{μx.

˛ h¿≤n® bit mSpIqSnb cmPmhpambncn°pw.

KpfnIÿnXnbp≈ `mh Øns‚ A[n]\p _eaps- ¶n¬, B _eØn\\p

kcn®p, cmPtbmKwhsc {]Xo£n°msa∂p Npcp°w.

D]{KlkvXpXntbmsS Bcw`n®v, awKfmiwkItfmsS Ahkm\n°p∂psh∂Xv

Cu A≤ymbØns‚ Hcp khntijXbmWv. a{¥izc≥ Cu hnjbØn\v F{Xam{Xw

{]m[m\yw sImSpØncp∂psh∂v CXp ImWn°p∂p. aplq¿Ø {KŸßfn¬ Hfn™pw

sXfn™pw InS∂ncp∂ D]{Klßsf {KlßfpsS IqsS tN¿Øp hmbn®p

^e{]hN\coXn Ipsd°qSn Ip‰a‰Xm°n F∂XmWv CXns‚ bYm¿∞ ta∑.

DZmlcWPmXIw ImWpI. H‰ t\m´Øn¬ \n¿t±mjsa∂p tXm∂p∂ `mhßfpsS

\nPÿnXn shfns∏SpØp∂Xn¬ D]{KlÿnXn hnPbn®psh∂pXs∂bmWv A\p`h

km£y]{Xw.

DZmlcWPmXIØnse D]{KlÿnXn

ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w

e·w Ip ip Nc_p ak

]cn[n C{μNm]w

D]tIXp

Ipw`w I¿°SIw

amμn

Ime≥

aIcw Nnßw

KpfnI≥ Kp

[\p hr›nIw Xpemw I∂n

in

baI- I A¿≤{] [qa hyXo]mX

446 

A≤ymbw 26

Nmc-^ew

1. tKmNc^eNn¥bn¬ N{μe·Øns‚ {]m[m\yw

2 {KlßfpsS ip`ÿm\߃

3 ip`ÿm\ßfpsS th[ÿm\߃

4 {Kl߃ Nmc-h-im¬ Hmtcm `mh-Ønepw \n∂m-ep≈ ^ew

5. \£{XtKmNcw

6. Nne {]tXyI^e߃

7. AwK\£{Xßfpw Ahbn¬ {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^eßfpw

8 AjvSh¿§^ew

9 eØm\£{Xßfpw Ahbn¬ {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^eßfpw

10 th[߃°v k¿ΔtXm`{ZN{Ihpw {]amWamIp∂p

P\-\-k-a-bsØ cmin-N-{I-Øns‚ Nn{X-amWv PmX-Iw. Ign™ P∑mhkm\w

_m°n \n¬°p∂ I¿ΩØn¬, Cu P∑w A\p-`-hn®p Xo¿t°- I¿Ω-^-e-Øns‚ ˛

{]mc-_v[-I¿Ω-Øns‚ ˛˛ IW-°mWv CXp ImWn-°p-I. (P\-\-k-a-bw-ap-X¬ PmXIw

t\m°p∂ ka-bw-h-sc-bp≈ I¿Ω-Øns‚ IW-°-dn-bm≥ {]iv\w-sImt- ]‰q.)

PmX-I-{]-Im-c-ap≈ Imcy-߃ Ft∏mƒ A\p-`-h-Øn¬ hcp-sa-∂-dn-bm≥ Zim-]-lm-

c^e-ß-fpsS IqsS Nmc-^ew IqSn tN¿Øp Nn¥n-°-Ww. Nmc^ew F∂p ]d-™m¬

tKmN-c-{]-Imcw ˛ {KlKXn-°-\p-k-cn-®v A-h-bpsS Ct∏m-gsØ ÿnXn{]Imcw ˛ D≈

^e-am-Wv. AXmbXv, P∑cminbn¬ (P\n® Iqdn¬) \n∂pw {Kl߃ Hmtcm cminbn¬

(`mhØn¬) hcptºmgp- mIp∂ ^eamWv Nmc^ew AYhm tKmNc^ew.

Cu `qap-JsØ samØw a\p-jy-cm-insb ]{¥-- m°n Xncn-®p≈ hmc-^ew hy‡n-

KX Zim-]-lm-c-^-e-ß-fpambn HØp-t\m-°msX Hcp Xocp-am-\-Øn-epw FØm≥ ]mSn-√

F∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw Hm¿°Ww.

1. tKmNc^eNn¥bn¬ N{μe·Øns‚ {]m[m\yw (1)

k¿thjp et·-jz]n kXvkp N{μ˛

e·w {][m\w Jep tKmN-tcjp

Xkvam-Ø-Zr-£m-Z]n h¿Ø-am-\˛

{Ktl-{μ-Nmsscx IY-tbXv ^em\n.

 447

tKmN-tcjp ˛ tKmN-c-Øn¬

k¿thjp et·-jp A]n ˛ F√m e·-ß-fnepw sh®v

N{μe·w {][m\w Jep ˛ N{μ-e-·-am-Wv {][m\w.

Xkvam-Xv ˛ AXp-sIm- v

XXv E£m-Z]n -˛B cmin- (P-\-\-k-a-bØp N{μ≥ \n¬°p-∂

cmin) apX¬°v

h¿Ø-am-\ ˛ Ct∏m-gsØ

{Ktl-{μ-Nmsscx ˛ {Kl\o°Øn\\pkcn®v

^em\n ˛ ^e-߃ ˛ Nmc-^ew

IY-tbXv ˛ ]d-b-Ww.

PmXIØn¬ N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbmWv N{\e·w. AhnsS\n∂p thWw

Nmc^eØn\v FÆnØpSßm≥.

2 {KlßfpsS ip`ÿm\߃

(2)

kqcym-x j-Sv{Xn-Z-i-ÿn-X-kv{XnZijSv ˛

k]vXm-ZyX-›-{μamx

Poh-kvXz-kvX-X-t]m-Zzn-]-©-a-KtXm

h{Im¿°Pu jSv{XnKu

kuaym-j-Svkz-N-Xp¿±-im-jvS-a-KXm

k¿th-]yp-]m-¥y-ÿnXmx

ip{Ix JmkvX-cn-]q≥ hnlmb ip`-Z˛

- kvXn-‹mwiphZvt`mKn-\x.

1.. kqcymx j-Sv {Xn Z-i- ˛ kqcy≥ 6˛3˛10 `mhßfnepw

2.. N-{μamx Xn Zi jSv k]vX BZyK- ˛ N{μ≥ 3˛10˛6˛7˛1 `mh-ß-fnepw,

3.. Poh-x A-kvX X-] Zzn ]-©-a ˛ hymgw 7-˛-9-˛2˛-5 `mh-ß-fnepw,

4,5 h{I A¿°Pu jSv {Xn ˛ IpP\pw i\nbpw 6-˛3 `mh-ßfnepw

6. kuaym-x j-Sv kz- N-Xp Z-i A-jvS-a ˛ _p[≥ 6˛2˛4˛10˛8 `mh-ß-fnepw,

7. ip{Ix J AkvX cn-]p hnlmb ˛ ip-{I≥ 10˛7˛6 Hgn-®p-≈-h-bnepw,

AXmb-Xv, 1˛2˛3˛4 ˛5˛8˛9˛11˛12 `mh-ß-fnepw,

k¿th A]n D]m¥ ÿnXmx ˛ F√m {Kl-ßfpw ]-Xn-s\m-∂nepw,

ip`-Z-kvXn ˛ ip`-^ew \¬Ip-∂p.

3 ip`ÿm\ßfpsS th[ÿm\߃

-(3)

em`-hn-{I-a-Jm-cnjp kpÿnXx

tim`t\m \nK-ZntXm Znhm-Icx

tJN-ssc- p-X-X-t]m-P-em-¥y-ssK˛

hm¿°n-`n¿bZn \ hn≤ytX XZm.

 448

1. kqcy≥ em` -hn-{I-a J A-cnjp ˛ 11-˛3-˛10-˛6 `mh-ß-fn¬

kpÿnXx Znhm-Icx ˛ kpÿ\mb ZnhmIc≥

tim`t\m \nK-ZntXm ˛ ip-`-^-e-{]-Z-\mWv F∂p ]d-bp∂psh-¶nepw

kp-X X-t]m P-e A¥y- ˛ 5˛9˛4˛12 `mh-ß-fn¬

tJN-ssc-x hm A¿°n-`nx bZn ˛ i\n-sbm-gn®p≈ {Kl-߃ Ds- -¶n¬

\ hn≤ytX XZm ˛ ^e-an-√.

kqcy\p 3˛6-˛10˛11 `mh-߃ ip`-ÿm-\-ßfpw 4˛5-˛9-˛12 `mh-߃ th[-ÿm-\-ßfpw

BsW∂p Npcp-°w. kqcy\pw i\nbpw XΩn¬ th[-an-√m-Ø--Xn-\m¬ 4˛5-˛9-˛12 `mh-ß-

fn¬ i\n \n∂m¬ tZmjan√.

(4)

Zyq\-P-∑-cn-]p-em-`-J-{XnK˛

›{μ-am-»p-`-^-e-{]-Z- Zm

kzmfl-Pm-¥y-ar-Xn-_-‘p-[¿Ω-ssK¿˛

hn≤ytX \ hn_p-ss[-cyZn {Kssl

.2. N{μ≥

Zyq\ -P-∑ -cn-]p -em-` -J -{Xn ˛ 7˛1˛6˛11˛10˛3 `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂,

N{μ-am- ip-`-^-e-{]-Zx- kZm ˛ N{μ≥ ip`^e-{]Z-\m-Wv.

F∂m¬

kz Bfl-P A¥y ar-Xn -_-‘p- [¿Ω ˛ 2˛5˛12˛8˛4˛9 `mh-ß-fn¬,

hn≤ytX \ hn_p-ss[x b-Zn {Kssl˛ _p[s\m-gn-®p≈ {Kl߃ \n∂m¬ ip`-

-e-an-√.

N{μ≥ ˛ _p[≥ th[-an-√.

(5)

hn{I-am-bcn-]pKx IpPx ip` ym

Ø-Zm-¥y-kp-X-[¿ΩssKx JssKx

tN∂ hn≤ C\-kq-\p-c-]yku

In¥p [¿Ω-Lr-Wn\m \ hn≤y-tX.

3, 4. IpP≥, i\n hn{I-a B-b cn-]pK - ˛ 3˛11˛6 `m-h-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂

IpPx ip`x kymXv ˛ IpP≥ ip`-\m-Ip∂p. F∂m¬ At∏mƒ

A¥y- kp-X [¿Ω ssKx JssKx ˛ 12˛5˛9 `mh-ß-fn¬ {Kl-ß-ƒ Ds- ¶n¬

B ip`^ew e`n°pIbn√.

\ hn≤ C\-kq-\px- A]n Aku ˛ i\nbpsS Imcyhpw CXpXs∂.

(3˛11˛6 / 12˛5˛9)

In¥p [¿Ω-Lr-Wn\m \ hn≤y-tX ˛ F∂m¬ kqcy\v CXp _m[Ia√.

(i\n ˛ chn th[an√.)

 449

(6)

kzmw_pi{XparXnJmbKx ipt`m

⁄kvXZm \ Jep hn≤ytX kZm

kzmflP {XnX-]- B-Zy-ss\-[-\˛

{]m]vX-ssK¿-hn-[p-`n-cyZn {Ksslx.

5. _p[≥ kz Aw_p i{Xp arXn J BbKx ⁄ ˛2˛4˛6˛8˛10-˛11`mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂ _p[≥

ipt`m ˛ ip`\mWv. F∂m¬

kzmflP {Xn X-] -B-Zy -ss\-[-\ {]m]vXssK ˛ 5˛3˛9˛1˛8˛12 `mh-ß-fn¬

hn-[p-`n- bZn {Ksslx. ˛ N{μ-s\m-gn-®p≈ {Kl-߃ Ds- ¶n¬

ip`-^ew D- m-hn-√.

(7)

kzmb-[¿Ω-X-\-bm-kvX-kw-kvYntXm

\mI-\m-b-I-]p-tcm-lnXx ip`x

cn^-c-{‘-J-P-e-{Xn-ssK¿bZm

hnZytX KK-\-Nm-cn-`n¿∂-ln.

6. hymgw kz Bb- [¿Ω -X-\-bm-x AkvX- ˛ 2˛11˛9˛5˛7 `mh-ß-fn¬

kw-kvXntXm \mI-\m-b-I-]p-tcm-lnXx ˛ tZ-th-{μs‚ Kpcp (hymgw) \n∂m¬,

ip`x ˛ ip-`-amWv. F∂m¬

cn^, c-{‘- J- P-e- {Xn- ˛ 12˛8˛10˛4˛3 `mh-ß-fn¬

bZm hnZytX KK-\-Nm-cn-`nx \-ln ˛ {Kl-߃ ]mSn-√.

(8)

Bkp-Xm-jvS-a-X-t]m-hy-bm-btKm

hn≤ Bkv^p-Pn-Z-tim-`\x kvarXx

ss\[-\m-kvX-X-\p-I¿Ω-[¿Ω-[o˛

em`-ssh-cn-k-l-P-ÿte Nsscx.

7. ip{I≥ Bkp-X A-jvS-a- X-t]m- hy-b B-b ˛ 1˛2˛3˛4˛5˛8˛9˛12˛11 `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂

Bkv^p-Pn-Øvv -tim-`\x kvarXx ˛ ip{I≥ ip`-s\-∂-dn-bp-I.F∂m¬ At∏mƒ

ss\[-\ AkvX- X-\p-I¿Ω- [¿Ω- [o em`-

ssh-cn -k-l-Pÿte ˛- 8˛7˛1˛10˛9˛5˛11˛6˛3 Ch-bn¬ {Kl-߃

D- m-hcpXv.

ip`ÿm\ßfpw th[ÿm\ßfpw kqcy≥ ip`w 3 6 10 11

th[w 9 12 4 5

N{μ≥ ip`w 1 3 6 7 10 11

th[w 5 9 12 2 4 8

 450

IpP≥ ip`w 3 6 11

th[w 12 9 5

_p[≥ ip`w 2 4 6 8 10 11

th[w 5 3 9 1 8 12

hymgw ip`w 2 5 7 9 11

th[w 12 4 3 10 8

ip{I≥ ip`w 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 11 12

th[w 8 7 1 10 9 5 11 3 6

i\n ip`w 3 6 11

th[w 12 9 5

4 {Kl߃ Nmc-h-im¬ Hmtcm `mh-Ønepw \n∂m-ep≈ ^ew

(9)

P∑-\ym-bm-k-Zm-Xm- £-]-bXn hn`hm≥

t{Im[-tcm-Km-≤z-ZmXm(1)

hnØ-{`wiw (2) ZznXotb ZniXn \ kpJtZm

h©-\m-am-{Kl©-

ÿm\-{]m]vXnw XrXotb [\-\n-N-b-apZm

Iey(4)Ir-®m-cn-l¥m

tcmKm≥ ZtØ NXp¿t∞ P\-bXn N aplpx

{kKv≤-cm-tcm-K-hnLv\w

. ]mT-t`Zw (1) Xm]w (2) NnØ-{`wiw (3) h©-\m{Zm-§r-l© (4) I¬∏

(10)

NnØ-t£m`w kpXtÿ hnX-cXn _lptim

tcmK-tam-lm-Zn-ZmXm

jjvtT f ¿t°m l¥n tcmKm≥ £]-bXn N cn]q≥

timI-tam-lm≥ {]am¿jvSn

A≤zm\w k]vX-atÿm PT-c-KZ-abw

ssZ\y-`m-h› Xkvssa

cpIv{km-hmZy--jvSaÿx Ie-bXn Ielw

cmP-`oXnw N Xm]w.

(11)

B]-ss±\yw X]kn hnclw NnØ-tN-jvSm-\n-tcm[w

{]m]vt\m-Xyp{Kmw Zi-a-Kr-ltK I¿Ω-kn≤nw Znt\ti

ÿm\w am\w hn`-h-a]n ssNIm-Zti tcmK-\miw

t¢iw hnØ-£-b-a]n kplr-ssZz-c-at¥y Pzcw N.

 451

1. kqcy≥ 1. P∑-\n Bbm-k-Zm-Xm- £-]-bXn hn`hm≥ t{Im[-tcm-Km-≤z-ZmXm

P∑\n ˛ P∑cminbn¬

Bbm-kw ˛ {]bmkw,

£-]-bXn hn`hm≥ ˛ hn`-h-ßsf \in∏n°p∂p .

t{Im[w,

tcmKw,

A≤z-ZmXm / A-≤z-Xm]w ˛ hgn \S-∂p- mIp∂ t¢i-߃

2. hnØ-{`wiw ZznXotb ZniXn \ kpJtZm h©-\m-am-{Kl©-

ZznXotb ˛ (N{μm¬) c- n¬

hnØ-{`w-iw ˛ [\-\jvSw,

(NnØ-{`wiw ˛˛ 4 ˛˛ kμ¿`-Øn\p tbmPn-°p-∂n-√).

\ kpJtZm ˛ kpJan√mbva

h©\m.. ˛ h©\bv°ncbmhpI

3. ÿm\-{]m]vXnw XrXotb [\-\n-N-b-apZm Iey Ir-®m-cn-l¥m

XrXotb ˛ aq∂n¬

ÿm\-{]m]vXn,

[\\nNbw ˛ [\{]m]vXn

apZm ˛ kt¥mjw,

Ieyw ˛ kpJw, BtcmKyw

Acnl¥m ˛ i{Xp-°sf \in∏n°p∂h≥.

4. tcmKm≥ ZtØ NXp¿t∞ P\-bXn N aplpx {kKv≤-cm-tcm-K-hnLv\w

NXp¿t∞ ˛ \men¬

tcmKm≥ ˛ tcmK߃

{kKv≤-cm- tcm-KhnLv\w ˛ tcmKw tlXphmbn kv{Xokp-J-Øn\p

XS w.

5. NnØ-t£m`w kpXtÿ hnX-cXn _lptim tcmK-tam-lm-Zn-ZmXm

kpXtÿ ˛ A©n¬

NnØ-t£m-`w ˛ a\ v AkzÿamhpI

tcmK ˛ tcmK߃

tamlmZn ˛ A‘mfn∏v

6. jjvtT f ¿t°m l¥n tcmKm≥ £]-bXn N cn]q≥ timI-tam-lm≥

{]am¿jvSn

jjvtT ˛ Bdn¬

l¥n tcmKm≥ ˛ tcmK-\m-iw,

£]bXn c]q≥ ˛ i{Xp-\miw

timItamlm≥ {]am¿jvSn ˛ ZpJßtfbpw Bi¶Itfbpw C√mXm°p∂p.

7. A≤zm\w k]vX-atÿm PT-c-KZ-abw ssZ\y-`m-h› Xkvssa

k]vX-atÿm ˛ Ggn¬

A≤zm-\w ˛ t¢iIcamb bm{XIƒ

PT-c-K-Z-abw ˛ DZctcmK߃

(]mTt`Zw: KpZmabw ˛ KpZtcmKw)

ssZ\y`mhw

 452

8. cpIv{km-hmZy--jvSaÿx Ie-bXn Ielw cmP-`oXnw N Xm]w.

AjvSaÿ ˛ F´n¬

cpIv ˛ tcmKw,

Ie-lw,

cmP-`oXnw ˛ cmP-`-bw,

Xm]w ˛ ZpJw.

9. B]-ss±\yw X]kn hnclw NnØ-tN-jvSm-\n-tcm[w

X]kn ˛ HºXn¬

B]-Xv ˛ B]-Øv,

ssZ\yw ˛ Zo\-X,

hnc-lw,

NnØ-tN-jvSm-\n-tcm[w ˛ _p≤n {]h¿Ø\clnXamhpI, A‘mfn∏v,

10. {]m]vt\m-Xyp{Kw Zi-a-Kr-ltK I¿Ω-kn≤nw Znt\ti

Zi-a-Kr-ltK ˛ ]Øn¬

I¿Ω-kn≤nw ˛ I¿Ω-hnPbw

11. ÿm\w am\w hn`-h-a]n ssNIm-Zti tcmK-\miw.

GImZti ˛ ]Xns\m∂n¬

ÿm\w am\w ˛ ÿm\am\_v[n,

hn`-h-a]n ˛ hn`-h-em`w,

tcmK-\miw.

12. t¢iw hnØ-£-b-a]n kplr-ssZz-c-at¥y Pzcw N.

At¥y ˛ ]{¥- n¬

t¢iw ˛ IjvS∏mSpIƒ

hnØ-£-b- ˛ hnØ-\m-iw,

kplr-ssZz-c ˛ kplrZvhntcm-[w,

Pzcw ˛ ]\n.

2. N{μ≥

(12)

{ItaW `mtKym-Z-ba¿∞-lm-\n¿˛

Pbw `bw timI-a-tcm-KXmw N

kpJm-\y-\njvSw KZ-an-jvS-kn≤nw

tamZw hybw N {]Z-ZmXn N{μx.

`mhw ^ew 1 `mtKym-Z-bw - ˛ mKyw

2 A¿∞-lm-\n - ˛ [-\-\-jvSw

3 Pbw

4 `bw

5 timIw

6 -Atcm-KXmw ˛ B-tcm-Kyw

7 kpJm-\n ˛ kpJw

8 -A\njvSw

9 KZ - ˛ tcm-Kw

 453

10 C-jvS-kn≤n

11 tamZw ˛ k-t¥m-jw

12 hybw ˛ NnehpIƒ.

3. IpP≥

(13)

A¥-t»mIw kzP-\-hn-clw c‡-]n-tØm-jvW-tcmKw

et· hntØ `b-a]n Kncmw-tZm-j-a¿∞-£-b©

ss[tcy `utam P\-bXn Pbw kz¿Æ`qjm {]tamZw

ÿm\-{`wiw cpP-ap-Z-cPmw _‘p-ZpJw NXp-¿-t∞.

(14)

Pzc-a-\p-Nn-X-Nn¥mw ]p{XtlXphyYmw hm

Ie-bXn Ielw sskzx ]©ta `qan-]p{Xx

cn]p-I-e-l-\n-hrØnw tcmK-im¥nw N jjvtT

hnP-b-aY [\m]vXnw k¿Δ-Im-cym-\p-Iq-eyw.

(15)

If-{X-I-e-lm-£n-cp-KvP-T-c-tcm-K-Ir-’-]vXta

Pzc-£-X-P-cq-£ntXm hnK-X-hn-Ø-am-t\m f jvSta

IptP \h-a-kwÿntX ]cn-`-thm f ¿-∞-\m-im-[n-`n¿˛

hnfw-_n-X-K-Xn¿`-h-Xy-_-e-tZ-l-[mXp-£-ssb. (1)

(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ [m-Xp-{I-ssax.

(16)

Zpt›jvSmw hm I¿Ω-hnLv\x {iax tJ

{Zhym-tcm-Ky-t£{X hr≤n› emt`

`uax tJtSm tKmNtc ZzmZ-itÿm

{Zhy-t—ZkvXm]-ap-jvWm-a-bm-ssZyx.

`mhw ^ew 1 A¥-t»mIw kzP-\-hn-clw c‡-]n-tØm-jvW-tcmKw et·

˛ Zp-Jw, kzP-\-hn-clw, c‡-]n-ØDjvW-tcmKw

2 hntØ `b-a]n Kncmw-tZm-j-a¿∞-£-b©

˛ `bw-, hm-IvtZm-jw, [-\-\m-i-w

3 ss[tcy `utam P\-bXn Pbw kz¿Æ`qjm {]tamZw

˛ Pbw, kz¿Æm-`-c-W-߃, k-t¥m-jw

4 ÿm\-{`wiw cpP-ap-Z-cPmw _‘p-ZpJw NXp-¿-t∞.

˛ ÿm\-{`wiw, DZ-c-tcm-Kw, _‘p-ZpJw.

5 Pzc-a-\p-Nn-X-Nn¥mw ......

˛ ]\n, DNnXa√mØ Nn¥Iƒ, a-°ƒ Imc-W-amb ZpJw, _‘p°fpambn

Ielw

. 6 cn]p-I-e-l-\n-hrØnw ....

˛ i-{Xp-°-fpambp≈ hg-°n\p ia-\w, tcmK-im-¥n, hnP-bw,

[\hc-hv, F√m Imcy-ßfpw A\p-Iq-eamhpI.

7 If-{X-I-e-l A£n-cp-Kv .....

 454

˛ `m-cy-bp-ambn hg-°v, t\{X-tcm-Kw, D-Z-c-tcm-Kw

8 Pzc- £-X-Pcq-£ntXm ....

˛ ]-\n, -ap-dn™p c‡w t]mIp-I, [\hpw am\hpw \jvS-amIpw.

9 IptP \h-a-kwÿntX ...

˛ A-]-am-\w, [-\-\m-iw, [mXp£bwaqeap≈ _e°pdhpaqew thKw

\S°m≥IqSn hømXmhpI.

10 Zpt›jvSmw hm I¿Ω-hnLv\x....

˛ ZpjvI¿Ω߃, I¿Ω-hnLv\w, {iaw (X-f¿®, £oWw).

11 {Zhym-tcm-Ky-t£{Xhr≤n› emt`

˛ Zhyw, Btcm-Kyw, -t£{Xw (`q-an) C-h-bn¬ A`n-hr-≤n

12 `uax tJtSm tKmNtc ....

˛ {Zhy-\-jvSw, D-jvWtcm-K߃ apX-em-b-h-sIm- p Xm]w, Zp-Jw.

(17)

hnØ-£bw {inb-a-cm-Xn-`bw [\m]vXnw

`mcym-X-\q-P-I-elw hnPbw hntcm[w

]p{Xm¿∞-em-`-aY hn·Lv\a-ti-j-kuJyw

]pjvSnw ]cm-`-h-`bw {]I-tcmXn Nm{μnx.

4. _p[≥ `mhw ^ew 1 hnØ£bw ˛ [-\-\m-iw

2 -{inbw ˛ sF-iz-cyw

3 AcmXn`bw ˛ i-{Xp-`-bw

4 [\m]vXn ˛ [-\-em-`w

5 `mcym-X-\q-P-I-elw ˛ `m-cybpw a°-fp-ambn hntcm[w

6 hnPbw

7 hntcm[w

8 ]p{Xm¿∞-em-`-w ˛ ]p{X\pw [\hpw D- mIpw.

9 hnLv\w-

10 AtijkuJyw ˛ kp-Jw

11 ]pjvSn ˛ ]p-tcm-K-Xn

12 ]cm`h`bw ˛ A-]-am-\-`-bw

(18)

Poth P∑\n tZi-\n¿K-a-\-a-˛

]y¿∞-NypXnw i{XpXmw

{]m]vt\mXn {ZhnWw IpSpw-_-kp-J-a-˛

]y¿t∞ kzhm-Nm-w ^ew

Zp›nXvtI ÿnXn-\m-i-an-jvShn-bpXnw

Imcym-¥-cmbw cpPw

ZpssJ¿∫-‘p-P-t\m-¤-ssh› ln_ptI

ssZ\yw NXpjv]mZv`bw

(19)

 455

]pt{Xm¬∏-Øn-ap-ss]Xn k÷-\bpXnw

cmPm-\p-Iqeyw kptX

jjvtT a{¥nWn ]oU-b¥n cn]hx

kz⁄mXtbm hym[bx

bm{Xmw tim`-\-tl-Xth h\n-Xbm

kuJyw kpXm]vXnw kvatc.

am¿§-t¢i(1)-a-cn-jvS-a-jvS-a-KtX \jvSw

[ss\x IjvS-Xmw. (1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ arXyp-t¢-i

20)

`mtKy Poth k¿Δ-ku-`m-Ky-kn≤nw

I¿Ω-Wy¿∞-ÿm-\-]p-{Xm-Zn-]oUmw

emt` ]p{X-ÿm-\-am-\mZn em`w -

cnxt^ ZpxJw km≤zkw {Zhy-tl-tXmx.

5. hymgw

`mhw ^ew 1 Poth P∑\n tZi-\n¿K-a-\-a-]y¿∞-NypXnw i{XpXmw

tZi-\n¿K-a-\w - ˛ \mSphnS¬

A¿∞-NypXnw ˛ [\-\jvSw,

i{XpXmw ˛ i{XpX

2 {]m]vt\mXn {ZhnWw IpSpw-_-kp-J-a-]y¿t∞ kzhm-Nm-w ^ew

{]m]vt\mXn {ZhnWw ˛ -- [-\-em-`w,

IpSpw-_-kp-Jw,-

kz(kp)hm-Nm-w ^ew ˛ hm°v A\z¿∞am-Ipw

(]dbp∂Xp ^en°pw.)

3 Zp›nXvtI ÿnXn-\m-i-an-jvShn-bpXnw Imcym-¥-cmbw cpPw

ÿnXn-\m-iw -˛ ÿm-\-\-jvSw,

C-jvShn-bpXn -˛ th- -s∏-´-hcpsS th¿]mSv,

Imcym-¥-cmbw ˛ Im-cy-X-S- w

cpPw ˛ tcm-Kw

4 ZpssJ¿∫-‘p-P-t\m-¤-ssh› ln_ptI ssZ\yw NXpjv]mZv`bw

ZpssJx _-‘p-P-t\m-¤-sshx ---˛ _‘p-°ƒaqew ZpJw,

ssZ\yw ˛ Zo-\-X,

NXpjv]mXv `bw ˛ \m¬°en `bw.

5 ]pt{Xm¬∏-Øn-ap-ss]Xn k÷\bpXnw cmPm\pIqew kptX

]pt{Xm¬∏-Øn ˛ ]p-{X-P-\-\w, -

k÷-\bpXnw ˛ k-÷-\-kw-Kw,

cmPm-\p-Iqeyw,

6 jjvtT a{¥nWn ]oU-b¥n cn]hx kz⁄mXtbm hym[bx

]oU-bXn cn]hx kz⁄mXtbm˛ i{Xp]oU, _‘p°fpsS D]{Zhw

hym[bx ˛ tcm-K-߃

7 bm{Xmw ti`-\-tl-Xth h\n-Xbm kuJyw kpXm]vXnw kvatc.

bm{Xmw tim`-\-tl-Xth ˛ ip`-I¿Ω-߃°p-th- n bm{X

 456

h\n-Xbm kuJyw ˛ mcymkp-Jw,

kpXm]vXnw ˛ ]p{X-em`w

8 am¿§-t¢ia-cn-jvS-a-jvS-a-KtX \jvSw [ss\x IjvS-Xmw.

am¿§t¢iw ˛ bm{Xmt¢iw

(arXyp-t¢-iw- ˛˛˛˛ 4˛˛ a-c-W-Zp-Jw)

A-cn-jvSw ˛ Zu¿`mKyw

\jvSw [ss\x ˛ [-\-\jvSw,

IjvS-Xmw ˛ I-jvS-X

9 `mtKy Poth k¿Δ-ku-`m-Ky-kn≤nw

k¿Δ-ku-`m-Ky-kn≤n ˛ F√m ku`mKyßfpw D- mIpw.

10 I¿Ω-Wn A¿∞-ÿm-\-]p-{Xm-Zn-]oUmw

A¿∞ -ÿm-\- ]p-{Xm-Zn- ]oUmw [-\w, ÿm\w, a°ƒ Ch-bv°p-tZmjw---

11 emt` ]p{X-ÿm-\-am-\mZn em`w˛ ]p{XP\\w,- ÿm-\-am-\ßfpsS e_v[n

12 cnxt^ ZpxJw km≤zkw {Zhy-tl-tXmx. ZpxJw,

km≤zkw {Zhy-tl-tXmx. ˛ [\kw_‘amb `bw

(21)

AJn-e-hn-j-b-t`mKw hnØkn≤nw hn`qXnw

kpX-kp-lr-Z-`n-hr≤nw ]p{X-e_v[nw hn]Ønw

ZniXn bphXn]oUmw kºZw hm kpJm]vXnw

Ie-l-a-`-b-a¿∞-{]m-]vXn-cn-{μmcn a-{¥n.

6. ip{I≥

1 AJn-e-hn-j-b-t`mKw ˛ F√m kpJt`mK-ßfpw A\p-`-h-am-Ipw.

2 hnØkn≤n ˛ [-\-em-`w

3 hn`qXn ˛ sF-iz-cyw

4 kpX- kp-lr-Zv A-`n-hr≤n ˛ a°ƒ°pw _‘p°ƒ°pw A`nhr≤n

5 ]p{X-e_v[n

6 hn]Øn ˛ B-]-ØpIƒ

7 bphXn]oUmw ˛ mcym-ZpJw

8 kºZw ˛ k-º-Øv

9 kpJm]vXnw ˛ kp-Jm-\p-`-hw

10 Ielw

11 A`-bw ˛ `-b-an-√m-bva

12 A¿∞-{]m-]vXn- ˛ [-\-em-`w

(22)

tcmKm-iu-N-{In-bm]vXnw [\-kp-X-hn-lXnw

ÿm\-`r-Xym¿∞-em`w

kv{Xn_-‘z¿∞-{]-Wmiw {Zhn-W-a-Xn-kpX˛

{]NypXnw k¿hkuJyw

kv{Xntcm-Km-≤zm-h-`oXnw kzkp-X-]-ip-kplr

ZznØ-\m-im-a-bmZnw

 457

P∑m-tZ-c-jvS-am¥w ZniXn ]Z-h-ti˛

\m¿°-kq\px {Ita-W.

(23)

Zmcn{Zyw [¿Ω-hnLv\w ]nXr-k-a-hn-ebw

\nXy-ZpxJw ip`tÿ

Zp¿hym-]m-c-{]-hrØnw Ie-bXn Zita

am\-`wKw cpPw hm

kuJym-t\y-Im-Z-imtÿm _lp-hn-[-hn-`h˛

{]m]vXn-ap¬Ir-jvS-Io¿Ønw

hn{im¥nw hy¿∞-Im-cymXv kplr-Z-b-a-cn`nx

kv{Xokp-X-hym-[n-a-t¥y.

7. i\n 1 tcmKw ˛ tcmKw,

iu-N-{In-bm]vXnw ˛ acWm-\-¥-c-{In-b-Iƒ sNø- nhcp-I.

2 [\ -kp-X- hn-lXnw ˛ [-\-\m-iw,- ]p-{X-\m-iw

3 ÿm\- `r-Xy A¿∞- em`w ˛ ]-Z-hn, `rXy¿, [\w Ch e`n°pw-.

4 kv{Xo _-‘p A¿∞ -{]-Wmiw ˛ `m-cy, _‘p-°ƒ, [\w Chbv°p \miw

5 {Zhn-W- a-Xn -kpX {]NypXnw ˛ [-\w, _p≤n, a°ƒ Chbv°p \miw

6 k¿hkuJyw

7 kv{Xotcm-Kw ˛ kv{Xobv°p (`m-cy-bv°-p) tcmKw,

A≤zm-h-`oXn ˛ bm{Xm-t¢-i-`o-Xn.

8 kzkp-X -]-ip -kplrZv hnØ-\m-iw ˛ a°ƒ, ]ip, kplr-Øp-°ƒ, [\w

Chbv°p \miw,

B-a-bmZnw ˛ tcmKw XpS-ßn-b-h.

9 Zmcn{Zyw,

[¿Ω-hnLv\w, ˛ [m¿ΩnII¿Ω߃°p apS°w

]nXr-k-a-hn-ebw ˛ ]n-Xr-Xp-ey-cpsS \miw,

\nXy-ZpxJw

10 Zp¿hym-]m-c-{]-hrØn, ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω߃

am\-`wKw,

cpPm ˛ tcm-Kw

11 kuJym\n ˛ kp-J-߃,

_lp-hn-[-hn-`h{]m]vXn, - ˛ ]e hn[Ønep≈ [\{]m]vXn

D¬Ir-jvS-Io¿Øn, ˛ {]ikvXn

hn{im¥nw hy¿∞-Im-cym¬ ˛ th- mØ Imcy-ß-fn¬ CS-s]-Sm-Xn-cn-°pI,

kplr-Z-b-a-cn`nx ˛ i{Xp-°-ƒt]mepw an{X-ß-fm-Ipw.

12 kv{Xo kp-X -hym-[n- ˛ `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw tcmKw.

(24)

tZl-£bw hnØ-hn-\m-i-ku-Jv.#u

ZpxJm¿∞\miu kpJ-\m-i-ar-Xyq≥

lm\nw N em`w kp`Kw hybw N

Ipcym-Ø-tam- P∑KrlmXv {Ita-W.

 458

8. cmlp

1 tZl-£bw ˛ A-\m-tcm-Kyw / acWw

2 hnØ-hn-\m-iw- ˛ [-\-\-jvSw

3 ku-Jyw

4 ZpxJw

5 A¿∞-\miw

6 kpJw-

7 \m-iw

8 - ar-Xyp

9 lm\n ˛ \-jvSw, D]-{Z-hw

10 em`w ˛ h-c-hv

11 `mKyw, kpJw, kt¥mjw

12 hybw ˛ Nn-e-hv

5 tKmNcØn¬ {Kl߃ ^ew \¬Ip-∂-sX-t∏mƒ

(25)

£nXn-X-\-b-]-XwKu cmin-]q¿h-{Xn-`mtK

kpc-]-Xn-Kp-cp-ip{Iu cmin-a-≤y-{Xn-`mtK

Xpln-\-In-c-W-aμu cmin ]m›m-Xy-`mtK

iin-X-\-b-`p-PwKu ]mIZu k¿h-Im-te.

£nXn-X-\-b -]-XwKu cmin-]q¿h-{Xn-`mtK ˛ IpP\pw chnbpw cmin-bpsS BZy-`m-KØpw

kpc-]-Xn -Kp-cp- ip{Iu cmina-≤y-{Xn-`mtK ˛ Kpcphpw -ip-{I\pw cmin-bpsS a≤y-`m-KØpw

Xpln-\-In-c-W- aμu cmin ]m›m-Xy-`mtK ˛ N{μ\pw i\nbpw cmin-bpsS Ah-km\-

`m-KØpw

iin-X-\-b -`p-PwKu ]mIZu k¿h-Im-te. ˛ _p[\pw cmlphpw F√m-bvt∏mgpw

^ew \¬Ip-∂p.

1 apX¬ 8 hscbp≈t«mIßfn¬ {KlßfpsS ip`ÿm\ßfpw th[ÿm\

ßfpw, 9 apX¬ 24 hscbp≈ t«mIßfn¬ {Kl߃ Nmchim¬ Hmtcm `mhØnepw

\n∂mep≈ ^eßfpw 25˛mw t«mIØn¬ {Kl߃ cminbpsS (`mhØns‚) GXp

`mKØp hcptºmgmWp ^e{]ZamhpIsb∂pw hnhcn®p. C\n ASpØ t«mIßfn¬

\£{XtKmNcw hnhcn°p∂p .

5. \£{XtKmNcw

(26)

tcJmx k]vX kamentJZp]cnKmkvXncyIv XssYh {Iam˛

ZoimZ·n`amZntXmf ]n KWtbZmZnXy`mkymh[n

th[m P\vaZnt\ arXn¿`baYm[m\mJy \£{XtI

I¿ΩWy¿∞hn\mi\w Jep chn¿ZZym’]mt]m arXnw.

 459

1. k]vXiemImN{Ihpw P∑ A\pP∑ \£{XßfpsS th[hpw

Ggp tcJIƒ Zo¿Lambpw Ggp tcJIƒ IpdptIbpw hcbv°pI. 28 tcJm

]p—߃ (tcJIfpsS A‰ßƒ) In´pw. Cuim\Zn°nse A‰w Im¿ØnIbn¬ XpSßn,

A`nPnØS°w, {IaØn¬ 28 \£{Xßfpw FgpXpI. t\sc FXnsc hcp∂ \£{Xhp

ambmWv th[ap≈Xv

1) k]vXiemImN{Iw 3 Im¿ 4 tcmln 5 aI 6 Xncp 7 ]pW 8 ]qbw 9 Bbn

2 `cWn 10 aIw

1 AizXn 11 ]qcw

28 tchXn 12 D{Xw

27 D{X´mXn 13 AØw

26 ]qcpcp´mXn 14 Nn{X

25 NXbw 15 tNmXn

24 Ahn´w 16 hnimJw

23 Xncp 22 A`nv 21 D{Xm 20 ]qcm 19 aqew 18 Xrt° 17 A\n

2) 1 ˛ 10 ˛ 19 \£{XßfpsS th[ÿm\ßfn¬ kqcy≥ h∂m¬ 1 ˛ 10 ˛ 19 \£{XßfpsS t\sc FXnscbp≈ \£{Xßfn¬ kqcy≥ Nmchim¬

hcptºmƒ AhbpsS (1 ˛ 10 ˛ 19 \£{XßfpsS) ^eßsf hn]coXambn _m[n°pw.

B th[^eßsf°pdn®mWv C\n ]dbp∂Xv.

1. tht[m P∑Znt\ arXn P∑\£{XØn\pth[w h∂m¬ acWw.

(kqcy≥ tKmNcØn¬ \n¬°p∂ \£{Xw P∑\£{Xhpambn th[n®m¬,

t\¿°p t\¿ h∂m¬ acWw ^ew.)

2. I¿ΩWn A¿∞hn\mi\w ˛ I¿Ω\£{XØn\p (10) th[w h∂m¬

[\\miw.

3. `baY B[m\mJy \£{XtI ˛ B[m\\£{XØn\p (19) th[w

h∂m¬ : `bw

4. k]mt]m arXnw ˛ Cu ÿnXnbn¬ kqcy\p ]m]kw_‘w

IqSnbps- ¶n¬ arXn^ew.

(27)

Ghw hnt≤ tJNsscx {Iqssccss\y¿acWw

kutay hnt≤ \ arXn¿hnZymtZhw kIew.

:ta¬∏d™ th[\£{Xßfn¬ ]m]nIƒ \n∂m¬ acWw. ip`∑m¿ \n∂m¬

acWw D- mhpIbn√.

 460

(28)

B[m\I¿Ω¿£hn]∂nP¿t£ (1)

ssh\mintI {]Xyct` h[mtJy

]m]{Ktlm arXyp`bw hnZZym˛

tZzt[ XYm Imcylcx ip`mtJy.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: hn]÷\n¿ss£..

3). th[\£{Xßfpw Ahbnse {KlÿnXn^ehpw B[m\w ˛ 19

I¿Ωw ˛ 10

hn]Øv ˛ 3

\nP¿t£ ˛ 1

ssh\minIw 22

{]Xycw ˛ 5

h[w ˛ 7

tht[ ˛ (F∂o) th[\£{Xßfn¬

]m]{Klw ˛ ]m]∑m¿ \n∂m¬

arXyp`bw ˛ acW`bw ^ew

XYm Imcylcx ip`mtJy ˛ ]m]∑m¿°p ]Icw Chbn¬ \n¬°p∂Xv

ip`cmsW¶n¬ ImcyXS w ^ew.

(29)

BZnXykMv{Im¥nZnt\ {KlmWmw

{]thit\ hm {KltW N bpt≤

D¬°m\n]mtX XYm¤ptX N

P∑{Xbw kym∑cWmZn ZpxJw.

4) P∑A\pP∑\£{X߃ kw{Im¥n XpSßnbhbpambn HØp h∂m¬ BZnXykw{Im¥nZnt\ ˛ kqcykw{IZnhkhpw

{KlmWmw {]thit\ ˛ {Kl߃ cmin amdptºmgpw

{KltW ˛ {KlWkabØpw

bpt≤ ˛ {Klbp≤w D≈t∏mgpw

D¬°m\n]mtX ˛ sIm≈nao≥ hogptºmgpw

XYm¤ptX N ˛ {]IrXn{]Xn`mkßfnepw

P∑{Xbw kymXv ˛ 1 ˛10˛19 \£{Xßfn¬ H∂v HØp h∂m¬

acWmZnZpxJw. ˛ acWw As√¶n¬ AXpt]mep≈ ZpJw

^ew.

6. Nne {]tXyI ^e߃

(30)

AkXv^ex kuay\nco£ntXm bx

ip`{]Z›m]yipt`£nX›

Zzu \njv^eu Zzmh]n tJNtc{μu

b»{XpWm tkz\ hntemInX›.

 461

AkXv^ex kuay\nco£ntXm bx ˛ Aip`∑msc ip`∑m¿ t\m°nbmepw

ip`{]Zmx N Aip` Cu£nXx N ˛ ip`∑msc Aip`∑m¿ t\m°nbmepw

Zzu \njv^eu ˛ c- pw \njv^eamIp∂p.

bx i{XpWm tkz\ hntemInX› ˛ i{Xp {KlØm¬ ho£n°s∏´mepw

\njv^ew.

ip`∑msc Aip`∑m¿ t\m°nbm¬ ip`^ew \jvSamIpw. Aip`∑msc ip`∑m¿

t\m°nbm¬ Aip`^ehpw \jvSamIpw. i{Xp{Klßfm¬ ho£n°s∏´mepw c- p

Iq´cpsSbpw ^ew CXpt]mse \jvSamIpw.

(31)

A\njvS`mhÿnXtJNtcss{μx

tkz®kztKtlm]KtXm bZn kymXv

k tZmjIrt®mØa`mhKt›Xv

]q¿Æw ^ew b—Xn tKmNtcjp.

tKmNtcjp ˛ Nmchim¬

A\njvS`mhÿnXtJNtcss{μx ˛ A\njvS`mhßfn¬ hcp∂ {Kl߃

kzD® kztKl D]KX bZn kymXv ˛ B A\njvS`mh߃ Xs‚ D®cmintbm

kzt£{Xtam BsW¶n¬

\ tZmjIrXv ˛ tZmjw sNøn√.

k DØa`mhKt›Xv ˛ (Nmchim¬ Ah hcp∂Xv ) DØa

`mhßfnemsW¶n¬

]q¿Æw ^ew b—Xn ˛ ]q¿Æ^ew XcpIbpw sNøp∂p.

(32)

{KtlizcmkvtX ip`tKmNcÿm

\oNmcnauVyw kap]m{inXmt›Xv

tX \njv^emx In¥zip`mMvIkwÿmx

IjvTw ^ew kwhnZ[Xy\¸w.

1. {Ktlizcmx tX ip`tKmNcÿm ˛ tKmNcØn¬ ip`ÿm\Øp \n¬°p∂

{Kl߃

\oNmcnauVyw kap]m{inXmt›Xv ˛ \oNcminÿnXn, i{Xpt£{XÿnXn,

auVyw Ch Ds- ¶n¬

tX \njv^emx ˛ Ah \njv^eamIp∂p. (ip`^ew

\¬In√.)

2 Aip`m¶kwÿmx ˛ tKmNcØn¬ Aip`ÿm\ßfn¬ \n¬°p∂

{Kl߃ Ah \n¬°p∂Xv Cu Zpÿm\ß

fn¬ (\oNcminÿnXn, i{Xpt£{XÿnXn,

auVyw) IqSnbmsW¶n¬ IjvTw ^ew kwhnZ[Xy\¬∏w ˛ A[nIamb tZmj^ew \¬Ip∂p.

 462

(33)

ZzmZimjvSaP∑ÿmx i\y¿°mwKmcIm Kpcpx

Ip¿h¥n {]mWktμlw ÿm\\miw [\£bw.

ZzmZimjvSaP∑ÿm ˛ 12, 8, P∑cmin Chbn¬ tKmNchim¬

hcp∂

i\n A¿° AwKmcIm Kpcp ˛ i\n, chn, IpP≥, Kpcp F∂o {Kl߃

{]mWktμlw ˛ {]mW`bw

ÿm\\miw ˛ ÿm\{`wiw

[\£bw ˛ [\\miw

Ip¿h¥n ˛ Ch sNøp∂p.

(34)

Nt{μm f jvSta N [cWoX\bx (1) Ift{X

cmlp»pt` Ihn cn]u N KpcpkvXrXotb

A¿° ptX¿f°ncpZtb N _p[›Xp¿t∞

am\m¿∞lm\nacWm\n htZZzntijm¬.

(1) ]mTt`Zw: IpPN{μkpXu Ift{X ˛ sNmΔbpw _p[\pw Ggnepw

N{μmjvSta N ˛ (Nmchim¬) N{μ≥ F´nepw

[cWoX\bx Ift{X ˛ IpP≥ Ggnepw

cmlp»pt` ˛ cmlp HºXnepw

Ihn cn]u N ˛ ip{I≥ Bdnepw

Kpcpx XrXotb ˛ hymgw aq∂nepw

A¿°x kptX ˛ kqcy≥ A©nepw

A¿°n DZtb N ˛ i\n P∑Ønepw

_p[x NXp¿t∞ ˛ _p[≥ \menepw* hcptºmƒ

am\m¿∞lm\nacWm\n htZXv hntijm¬ am\lm\n, A¿∞\miw, acWw Ch

hntijn®pw ]dbWw.

* 4 {]Imcw _p 7˛¬

7. AwK\£{Xßfpw Ahbn¬ {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^eßfpw

P∑\£{XwapX¬°p≈ Ccp]Øntbgp \£{Xßsf AwK߃ (Ahbh߃)

Bbn k¶¬∏n®v Ahbn¬ kqcy≥ apX¬°p≈ {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^eßfmWv

C\n ]dbp∂Xv.

(35)

ht{‡ £vam aq¿≤v\n NXzmcypckn N NXpctYm

khylkvtX NXpjvIw

]mtZ jUzmalkvtX NXpcY \bt\

Zzu N Kptly Zzbw N

 463

`m\p¿∂miw hn`qXnw hnPbaY [\w

\n¿[\w tZl]oUmw

em`w arXypw N Nt{I P\bXn hnhn[m≥

P∑`mt±lkwÿx.

1. kqcy≥ Nt{I P\bXn hnhn[m≥ P∑`mt±lkwÿx

˛ P∑\£{XwapX¬°p≈ \£{Xßfn¬ \n∂m¬ \¬Ip∂ ^ew.

AwKw \£{Xw ^ew

ht{‡ £va apJw 1 (1 ) \miw

aq¿≤v\n NXzmc inc v 4 (2˛5) hn`qXn (sFizcyw), [\em`w

Dckn N NXpcn amdv 4 (6˛9) hnPbw

khylkvtX NXpjvIw heXpssI 4 (10˛13) [\w ([\em`w)

]mtZ jUv ]mZ߃ 6 (14˛19) \n¿[\w ([\\miw)

hmalkvtX NXpx CSXpssI 4 (20˛23) tZl]oUm (tcmKw)

\bt\ Zzu IÆpIƒ 2 (24˛25) em`w ([\em`w )

Kptly Zzbw N Kply`mKw 2 (26˛27) arXyp (acWw)

Nmchim¬ kqcy≥ CXn¬ GXp \£{XØnemWp \n¬°p∂sX∂p t\m°n

AXp{]Imcw ^ew ]dbWw.

(36)

ioXmwtim¿hZt\ ZztbmcXn`bw

t£aw inckyw_p[u

]rjvtT i{XpPbw Zztbm¿\b\tbm¿˛

t\t{X [\w P∑`mXv

]©kzmflkpJw lrZn {Xnjp Itc

hmta hntcm[w {IamXv

]mZu jSvkp hntZiXmw P\bXn

{Xnjz¿∞em`w Itc.

2. N{μ≥ AwKw \£{Xw ^ew

hZt\ Zztbmx AXn`bw apJw 2 1˛2 AXn`bw

t£aw inckn Aw_p[u inc v 4 3˛6 t£aw

]rjvtT i{XpPbw Zztbm ]rjvTw 2 7˛8 i{XpPbw

\b\tbm t\t{X [\w IÆpIƒ 2 9˛10 [\em`w

]©kzmflkpJw lrZn lrZbw (amdv) 5 11˛15 BflkpJw

{Xnjp Itc hmtahntcm[w CSXp ssI 3 16˛18 hntcm[w

]mZu jSvkp hntZiXmw ImepIƒ 6 19˛24 hntZiKa\w

{Xnjp A¿∞em`w Itc heXp ssI 3 25˛27 [\em`w

(37)

ht{‡ tZz acWw ItcmXyh\nPx jUv]mZtbm¿hn{Klw

t{ImtU {XoWn Pbw NXp¿hn[\Xmw hmta Itc akvXtI

 464

tZz em`w NXpcm\t\[nI`bw t£aw Itc Z£ntW

h¿≤ntZz \bt\ hntZiKa\w Nt{I kzP∑¿£Xx

3. IpP≥ AwKw \£{Xw ^ew

ht{‡ tZz acWw apJw 2 1˛2 acWw

jUv ]mZtbm hn{Kl ]mZ߃ 6 3˛8 Ielw, bp≤w

t{ImtU {XoWn Pbw amdv 3 9˛11 Pbw

NXpx hn[\Xmw hmta Itc CSXp ssI 4 12˛15 [\\miw, Zmcn{Zyw

akvXtI tZz em`w inc v 2 16˛17 em`w

NXpx B\t\ A[nI`bw apJw 4 18˛21 A[nI`bw

t£aw Itc Z£ntW heXpssI 4 22˛25 t£aw

tZz \bt\ hntZiKa\w IÆpIƒ 2 26˛27 hntZiKa\w

(38)

aq¿≤v\n {XoWn aptJ {Xbw N Ictbmx jUv ]© Ip£u XYm

enwtK tZz ZznNXpjvSbw NcWtbmx {]m]vtXf atc{μm¿®nXx

timIw em`a\¿∞a¿∞\nNbw \miw {]XnjvTmw XYm

ZZymZmflZn\mØssYh `rKpPmkvXZzZv_pt[m f ]n {IamXv.

4. _p[≥, 5. Kpcp, 6. ip{I≥ AwKw \£{Xw ^ew

aq¿≤v\n {XoWn inc v 3 1˛3 timIw

aptJ {Xbw N apJw 3 4˛6 em`w

Ictbmx jUv ssIIƒ 6 7˛12 A\¿∞w

]© Ip£u DZcw 5 13˛17 A¿∞\nNbw ([\w)

enwtK tZz Kplyw 2 18˛19 \miw

ZznNXpjvSbw NcWtbmx ImepIƒ 8 20˛27 {]XnjvTm (AwKoImcw)

{]m]vtX Aatc{μm¿®nXx ˛ hymgØn\v

ZZymXv BflZn\m XssYh `rKpPmx XZzZv_p[x A]n {IamXv

˛ ip{I≥, _p[≥ Chbv°pw hymgsØt∏mse Xs∂bmIp∂p.

(39)

`qthZh”nKpWthZicm·nt\{X˛

Z{kw N h{‡Ic]mZ]tZjp lkvtX

Ip£u N aq¿≤v\n \b\Zzb ]rjvT`mtK˛

\yky {ItaW i\nkwbpX`m∂nP¿£mXv.

(40)

ZpxJw N kuJyw Ka\w N \miw

em`w kzt`mKw kpJkuJyarXyq≥

h{‡{IamZml ^em\n aμ˛

sskhyw Xax tJNctbm¿hZ¥p.

 465

7. i\n, 8. cmlp, 9. tIXp

AwKw \£{Xw ^ew

`q 1 h{‡ apJw 1 ZpJw

thZ 4 Ic ˛ heXp ssI 2˛5 kuJyw

h”n 3 ]mZ ˛ heXp Im¬ 6˛8 Ka\w

KpW 3 ]tZjp ˛ CSXp Im¬ 9˛11 \miw

thZ 4 lkvtX ˛ CSXp ssI 12˛15 em`w

ic 5 Ip£u ˛ DZcw 16˛20 t`mKkpJw

A·n 3 aq¿≤v\n ˛ inc v 21˛23 kpJw

t\{X 2 \b\Zu IÆpIƒ 24˛25 kuJyw

A{kw 2 ]rjvT`mtK ˛]rjvTw 26˛27 arXyp

h{‡{IamZml ^em\n aμky ˛ Cßs\ apJw aqX¬ i\nbpsS ^ew

Ghw Xax tJNctbmx hZ¥p ˛ Xtam{KlßfpsS (cmlptIXp°fpsS)

^ehpw C{]Imcw (i\nsbt∏mse)

]dbWw.

`qXkwJy ]©`qX߃ am{Xa√, FÆØn\v D]tbmKs∏SpØmhp∂hsb√mwXs∂ Cu

k{ºZmbØn¬ D]tbmKn°mdp- v. CXv kμ¿`w A\pkcn®v Dulns®Sp°Ww

.

8 AjvSh¿§^ew (41)

b{XmjvSh¿t§f[nI_nμhx kyp˛

kvX{X ÿntXm tKmNctXm {Ktlss{μx

XZzXv^ew {]ml ip`w hybmcn˛

c{‘ÿntXm hmf]n ip`w hn[tØ.

b{XmjvSh¿t§f[nI_nμhx kyp ˛ AjvSh¿§Øn¬ A[nIw _nμp°fp≈

cminIfn¬

v X{X ÿntXm tKmNctXm {Ktlss{μx ˛ Nmchim¬ {Kl߃ hcptºmƒ

XZzXv^ew {]ml ip`w ˛ ^ew ip`ambncn°pw

hybmcnc{‘ÿntXm hmf]n ip`w hn[tØ.

˛ B cmin PmXIØn¬ 12, 6, 8 `mhßfn¬ H∂mbncp∂mepw ip`^ew

\¬Ipw.

Zpÿm\ambncp∂mepw AjvSIh¿§Øn¬ th- {X _nμp°fps- ¶n¬ AXp

kpÿm\Øns‚ ^ew \¬Ipsa∂¿∞w.

9 eØm\£{Xßfpw Ahbn¬ {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^eßfpw (42)

cth¿±zmZi\£{Xw `qkpXky XrXobIw

Kptcmx jSvXmcIw ssNh it\cjvSaXmcIw

 466

(43)

GtXjmw N ]ptcmeØm ]rjvTeØmx {]Io¿ØnXmx

ip{Iky ]©aw Xmcw N{μPky Xp k]vXaw.

(44)

cmtlmkvXp \haw ssNh Zzmhnwiw `w lnaZyptXx

{KlÿnX¿£mZv KWtb√Ømbmw P∑t` hyYm. .(1)

(1) ]mTt`Zw. P∑t` h[x.

1. cthx ZzmZi\£{Xw ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂p ]{¥- masØ \£{Xw

`qkpXky XrXobIw ˛ IpP\n¬\n∂p ˛ 3

Kptcmx jSvXmcIw ˛ Kpcphn¬\n∂p ˛ 6

it\cjvSaXmcIw ˛ i\nbn¬\n∂p ˛ 8

GtXjmw N ]ptcmeØm ˛ ChbmWv ]ptcmeØIƒ

(apt∂m´v FtÆ- h)

2. ]rjvTeØmx ˛ ]rjvSeØIƒ (]ndtIm´v FtÆ- h)

ip{Iky ]©aw Xmcw ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂p ˛ 5

N{μPky Xp k]vXaw. ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂p ˛ 7

cmtlmkvXp \haw ssNh ˛ cmlpn¬\n∂p ˛ 9

Zzmhnwiw `w lnaZyptXx ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂p ˛ 22

{KlÿnX¿£mZv KWtbXv ˛ {Klw \n¬°p∂ cminapX¬ FÆWw.

(kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ \£{XØn¬\n∂pw ]{¥- masØ \£{Xw, N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂

\£{XØn≥ \n∂pw 22˛masØ \£{Xw F∂nßs\ {IaØn¬ IW°m°Ww.)

eØmbmw P∑t` hyYm ˛ P∑\£{XeØm^ew:

(eØm\£{Xw P∑\£{Xambn hcp∂ Znhkw)

hyY, ZpJw.

(45)

cth ¿hm∞lm\nkymØatkm ZpxJapNytX

acWw PoheØmbmw _‘p\miw `bmhlw

(46)

ip{Iky Ielw {`wia\¿∞w iinPky Xp

N{μky Xp almlm\n¿eØmam{X^ew `thXv.

(47)

k¿h{X eØm km¶cyZznKpW{XnKpWm[nIm

htZt±mj^ew \rWmw {Klm√Øm[nIm{IamXv.

eØm^ew 1. cthx k¿hm¿∞lm\n ˛ kqcyeØm^ew k¿hm¿∞([\)lm\n

2 Xatkm ZpJapNytX ˛ cmlptIXp°ƒ°v ZpJw,

3 acWw PoheØmbmw.... ˛ Kpcp eØbv°v acWw, _‘p\miw, `bw

4 ip{Iky Ielw {`wiw ˛ ip{IeØbv°v Ielw, ÿm\{`wiw

 467

5 A\¿∞w iinPky ˛ _p[eØbv°v A\¿∞w

6 N{μky almlm\nx ˛ N{μeØbv°p henb lm\n.

2. k¿h{X eØm km¶cyw ˛ F√m eØIfpw Iq´n ^ew ]dbWw.

ZznKpW{XnKpWm [nIm ˛ c- p eØbv°p c- p aSßv,

aq∂p eØbv°p aq∂nc´n

htZXv tZmj^ew \rWmw

{Klm√Øm[nIm{IamXv ˛ {KleØbpsS h¿≤\bv°\pkcn®v

tZmj^ew ]dbWw.

(CXn¬ IpP≥, i\n ChcpsS eØm^ew ]dRvRn´n√. 4˛¬ acWw PoheØmbmw

_‘p\miw IpPky N F∂ ]mTt`ZØn¬°qSn IpPs‚ Ipdhp ]cnlcn°p∂p- v .

10 th[߃°v k¿ΔtXm`{ZN{Ihpw {]amWamIp∂p

(48)

k¿htXm`{ZNt{Im‡ip`th[mx ip`mhlmx

]m]th[m ZpJXcm tKmNtcXm› Nn¥tbXv.

k¿htXm`{ZNt{Im‡ ˛ k¿htXm`{ZN{IØn¬ ]d™n´p≈

hn[Ønepw,

ip`th[mx ip`mhlmx ˛ ip`th[w ip`Ichpw ,

]m]th[m ZpJXcm ˛ ]m]th[w Aip`IchpamWv.

tKmNtcXm› Nn¥tbXv ˛ CXpw tKmNcØn¬ Nn¥n°Ww.

tKmNc^eØn¬ eØsbt∏mseØs∂ k¿htXm`{ZN{IØn\pw Hcp {][m\

ÿm\ap- v. ^eZo]nIbn¬ AXp kμ¿`him¬ kqNn∏n®nt´bp≈q. a‰p ]e

{KŸßfnepw AXp hnkvXcn®p hnhcn®n´p- v. PmXIm`cWØn¬ 60 t«mIßfn

emWv CXp ]dbp∂Xv. A¬∏w henb hnjbambXn\mepw IqSpXembn H∂pw AXp

sh®p ]dbm\n√mØXn\mepw Bbncn°Ww at{¥izc≥ k¿htXm`{ZN{Ihpw AXns‚

^eßfpw hnkvXcn°msX hn´Xv.

(49)

Zim]lmcmjvSIh¿§tKmNtc

{Ktljp \rWmw hnjaÿntXjz]n

Pt]® XXv {]oXnIssc pI¿Ω`nx

ItcmXn im¥nw {hXZm\hμss\x.

Zim]lmcmjvSIh¿§tKmNtc ˛ Zim]lmcw, AjvSh¿§w, tKmNcw ChIfn¬

,{Ktljp \rWmw hnjaÿntXjz]n ˛ {Kl߃ a\pjy¿°p {]XnIqeambn

hcptºmƒ,

Pt]Xv N XXv {]oXnIsscx....... ˛ P]w, kXvI¿Ω߃, {hXw, Zm\w, hμ\w

F∂ohsIm- v {Klim¥n hcpØWw.

 468

(50)

AlnwkIky Zm¥ky [¿Ωm¿÷nX[\ky N

k¿hZm \nbaÿky kZm km\p{Klm {Klmx.

AlnwkIky -˛ Alnwk ]men°p∂h≥

Zm¥ky ˛ Bflkwba\ap≈h≥

[¿Ωm¿÷nX[\ky N ˛ [m¿ΩnIambn B¿÷n® [\tØmSp

IqSnbh≥

k¿hZm \nbaÿky ˛ \nbaØn¬ (ba\nbaßfn¬)

h¿Øn°p∂h≥

kZm km\p{Klm {Klmx. ˛ Cßs\bp≈h\v Ft∏mgpw {KlßfpsS

A\p{Klw D- mIpw.

Alnwk (Hcmƒ°pw H∂n\pw Hcphn[Ønepw t{Zmlw sNømXncn°¬),

Bfl\nb{¥Ww, [m¿ΩnIambnam{Xw [\kºmZ\w XpSßnb kZvKpWßtfmsS

im¥cmbn Pohn°p∂h¿°v {Kl߃ Ft∏mgpw A\p{Kl߃ sNmcnbp∂p.

469 

A≤ymbw 27

k\ymktbmK߃ (1)

{Kssl›Xp¿`nx klntX J\mtY

{XntImWssKx tI{μKssXkvXp ap‡x

et· Krlmt¥ kXn kuay`mtK

tIt{μ Kpcu tImWKtX N ap‡x

1. J\mtY ˛ ]Ømw`mhm[n]≥

{Kssl›Xp¿`nx klntX ˛ \mep {KlßfpsS IqsS

{XntImWssKx tI{μKssXkvXp ˛ {XntImWØntem tI{μØntem \n∂m¬

ap‡x ˛ ap‡\mIpw.

2. et· Krlmt¥ kXn ˛ P\\w e·wcminbpsS Ahkm\`mKØmhpI;

kuay`mtK ˛ B `mKw ip``mKamhpIbpw sNøpI

Kpcu ˛ Kpcp

tIt{μ tImWKtX N ˛ {XntImWØntem tI{μØntem \n¬°pI

ap‡x ˛ F∂m¬ ap‡\mIpw.

(2)

GI¿£kwssÿ›XpcmZnssIkvXp

{Kssl¿htZØ{X _em\zntX\

{]{hPyXmw X{X hZ¥n tINnXv

I¿taiXpeymw klntX J\mtY.

1. GI¿£kwssÿx ˛ Hcp cminbn¬ \n¬°p∂

NXpcmZnssIkvXp {Ksslx ˛ \mtem AXne[nItam {Klßfn¬

htZØ{X _em\zntX\ ˛ _eap≈ {KlsØs°m- p

{]{hPyXmw X{X hZ¥n k\ymktbmKw ]dbWw

2. klntX J\mtY. ˛ AXn¬ ]Ømw`mhm[n]≥ Ds- ¶n¬

I¿taiXpeymw ˛ B {KlØn\p Xpeyamb

{]{hPymw X{X hZ¥n tINnXv ˛ {]{hPysb (k\ymksØ) ]dbWw

F∂p Nne¿.

 470

(3)

iio ZrKmtW chnPky kwÿnXx

IpPm¿°nZrjvtS {]ItcmXn Xm]kw

IpPmwitI hm chntP\ ZrjvtS

\hmwiXpeymw IYb¥n Xw ]p\x.

1. iio ZrKmtW chnPky kwÿnXx ˛ i\nbpsS t{Z°mWØn¬ \n¬°p∂

N{μ\v

IpPm¿°nZrjvtS {]ItcmXn Xm]kw ˛ IpPt‚tbm i\nbptStbm ZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬

{]ItcmXn Xm]kw ˛ PmXI≥ Xm]k\mIpw..

2. IpPmwitI hm chntP\ ZrjvtS ˛ IpPmwiIØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\p i\n

ZrjvSnbps- ¶nepw Xm]k\mIpw.

\hmwiXpeyw IYb¥n Xw ]p\x. ˛ (N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂)\hmwia\pkcn®p

{]{hPysb ]dbWw.

(4)

P∑m[n]x kqcykptX\ ZrjvSx

tissjcZrjvSx ]pcpjky kpXu

BflobZo£mw IpcptX lyhiyw

]q¿thm‡a{Xm]n hnNmcWobw.

P∑m[n]x ˛ N{μe·m[n]\v

tissjcZrjvSx ]pcpjky kpXu˛ as‰mcp {KlØns‚bpw ZrjvSnbn√msX

kqcykptX\ ZrjvSx ˛ i\nZrjvSn am{Xw Ds- ¶n¬

BflobZo£mw IpcptX lyhiyw ˛ BflZo£ sNøpw, k\ykn°pw.

]q¿thm‡a{Xm]n hnNmcWobw. ˛ k\ymkk{ºZmbw ChnsSbpw t\csØ

]d™Xpt]mse(\hmwiwsIm- v) ]dbWw

.

(5)

tbmKniw Zo£nXw hm IebXn XcWn˛

kv{Xo¿∞]mŸw lnamwip¿˛

Zp¿a{¥⁄w N _u≤m{ibah\nkptXm

t⁄m aXm\yw {]hnjvSw

thZm¥⁄m\n\w hm bXnhcaatc˛

tUym `qKp¿enwKhrØnw

{hmXyw ssieqjhrØnw i\ncnl ]XnXw

hmY ]mjfin\m hm.

k\ymkt`Zw :

(t\csØ ]d™ ]Ømw`mhm[n]s\ / \hmwim[n]s\s°m- v) ˛˛

tbmKniw Zo£nXw hm IebXn XcWnx ˛ kqcy≥ : tbmKoizc≥, Zo£nX≥

Xo¿∞]mŸw lnamwip ˛ N{μ≥ : Xo¿∞bm{X sNøp∂h≥

 471

Zp¿a{¥⁄w N _u≤m{ibah\nkptXm ˛ IpP≥ : Zp¿a{¥ßƒ Adnbp∂h≥,

_u≤≥,

t⁄m aXm\yw {]hnjvSw ˛ _p[≥ :A\yaXw (aXw amdpw)

thZm¥⁄m\n\w hm bXnhcaatctUym ˛ Kpcp :thZm¥n, {_“⁄m\n

`qKp¿enwKhrØnw {hmXyw ssieqjhrØnw˛ ip{I≥ :enwKhrØn , I≈k\ymkn

i\ncnl ]XnXw hmY ]mjfin\m hm. i\n :]XnX\pw ]mjfinbpw (thZhncp≤≥)

(6)

AXnib]ebp‡x ioXKpx ip¢]t£

_ehnclnXta\w t{]£tX e·\mYw

bZn `hXn X]kzo ZpxJnXx timIX]vtXm

[\P\]cnlo\x Ir{Oe_v[m∂]m\x.

AXnib_ebp‡x ioXKpx ip¢]t£ ˛ shfpØ ]£Øn¬ hfsc _etØmsS

\n¬°p∂ N{μ≥

_ehnclnXta\w t{]£tX e·\mYw Zp¿∫e\mbe·m[n]s\

t\m°p∂psh¶n¬

bZn `hXn X]kzo ˛ B PmXI≥ X]kznbmIp∂psh¶n¬

ZpxJnXx timIX]vtXm ˛ ZpJnX\pw timIX]vX\pw

[\P]cnlo\x ˛ [\hpw, _‘p°fpw C√mØ\pw

Ir{Oe_v[m∂]m\x. ˛ A∂]m\߃°v hnjan°pp∂h\p

ambncn°pw.

(Zp¿∫e\mb e·m[n]\m¬ t\m°s∏Sp∂psh¶n¬ F∂pw ImWp∂p.)

(7)

{]IYnXap\ntbmtK cmPtbmtKm bZn kym˛

Zip`^ehn]mIw k¿Δap∑qey ]›mXv

P\bXn ]rYnhoiw Zo£nXw km[pioew

{]WX\p]intcm`nx kv]rjvS]mZm_vPbp‹w.

{]IYnXap\ntbmtK ˛apIfn¬ ]d™ k\ymktbmKßfpsS IqsS

cmPtbmtKm bXnkymXv ˛ cmPtbmK߃IqSnbps- ¶n¬

Aip`^ehn]mIw k¿Δap∑qey ˛ Aip`^eßsfsb√mw \in∏n®v

Zo£nXw km[pioew ˛ Zo£nX\pw km[pioe\pamb,

{]WX \p]intcm`nx kv]rjvS ]mZm_vPbp‹w

˛ cmPm°∑m¿ t]mepw ]mZ߃ sXm´p

hμn°p.∂

]›mXv P\bXn ]rYnhoiw ˛ cmPmhmIpw

(8)

NXzmtcm ZypNcmx J\mYklnXmx

tIt{μ {XntImtW f Yhm

kpÿmt\ _en\kv{Xtbm bZn XZm

k\ymkkn≤n¿ `thXv

kZv_mlpeyhim® X{X kpip`˛

 472

ÿm\ÿnssXkvssX¿htZXv

{]{hPymw alnXmw kXma`naXmw

tNZ\yYm \nμnXmw.

1. J\mYklnXmx ˛ ]Ømw`mhm[n]\S°ap≈

NXzmtcm ZypNcmx ˛ \mep {Kl߃

tIt{μ {XntImtW f Yhm ˛ tI{μØntem {XntImWØntem \n¬°pI

As√¶n¬

2. kpÿmt\ _en\kv{Xtbm bZn XZm ˛kpÿm\ßfn¬_eap≈aq∂p {Kl߃

\n¬°pI; F¶n¬

k\ymkkn≤n¿ `thXv ˛ k\ymkkn≤nbp- mIpw.

3. kZv_mlpeyhim® ˛ CXn¬ ip`{Kl߃ A[nIap- mIpIbpw

X{Xkpip`ÿm\ÿnssXkvssX¿˛Ah ip`ÿm\ßfnn¬ \n¬°pIbpw

sNbvXm¬

htZXv {]{hPymw alnXmw kXma`naXmw ˛ kØp°ƒ am\n°p∂ alØmb

{]{hPysb ]dbWw

4. tNZ\yYm \nμnXmw. ˛ CXn\p hn]coXambn Aip`∑mcpw

Aip`ÿm\ßfpw

h∂m¬ \nμn°s∏Sp∂h\pamIpw.

473 

A≤ymbw 28

D]kwlmcw hnjbhnhcw

(1)

kw⁄m[ymbx ImctIm h¿§kwt⁄m

hocym[ymbx I¿ΩmPothm f Y tbmKx

tbmtKm cm⁄mw cminiotem {KlmWmw

tajmZo\mw e·k{ºm]vXioex.

(2)

`mcym`mthm PmXIw Iman\o\mw

kq\p¿_memcnjvStbmtKmf Y tcmKx

`mhkvXkvamXv ZzmZimhm]vX`mhm

\ncymWw kymZv Zzn{KlmZym› XkvamXv.

(3)

kqcymZo\mw bXv^ew X±im]vXw

`mhmZo\maoizcm¶m Zim N

kqcymZo\ma¥cmJym Zimf Y

khymkhym ImeNt{ImfjvSh¿Kx

(4)

tlmcmkmcmhm]vX bZyjvSh¿tKm

amμy[ymtbm tKmNcx kymXv {]{hPyx

A[ymbm\mw hnwiXnx k]vXbp‡m≥

P∑t\yXZvtKmfPw kwhZman.

A≤ymbw hnjbw

1. kw⁄m[ymbx -˛ cminIsfbp `mhßsfbpw Ipdn®p≈

hnhc߃

2. ImctIm ˛ {KlßfpsS ImcIXz߃

3. h¿§kwt⁄m ˛ Zih¿§ßƒ

4. hocym[ymbx ˛ {Kl_ew (jUv_ew)

5. I¿ΩmPoh ˛ I¿ΩmPohw (D]Poh\am¿§w)

 474

6. tbmKx ˛ tbmK߃

7. tbmtKm cm⁄mw ˛ kzXxkn≤cmPtbmK߃

8. cminiotem {KlmWmw ˛ HºXp {Kl߃ ]{¥- p `mhßfn¬

\n∂mep≈ ^e߃

9. tajmZo\mw e·k{ºm]vXioex. taSw XpSßnb e·^ehpw a‰pw

10. `mcym`mthm ˛ If{X`mhw

11. PmXIw Iman\o\mw ˛ kv{XoPmXIw

12. kq\p ˛ ]p{X`mhw

13. _memcnjvStbmtKm ˛ _memcnjvSpw Bbp pw

14. tcmKx ˛ tcmKw, acWw, ap÷∑hpw hcpw P∑hpw

15. `mhx ˛ `mhNn¥ (`mh_ehpw a‰pw)

16. ZzmZimhm]vX`mhm ˛ ZzmZi`mh^ew

17. \ncymWw ˛ \ncymWw

18. Zzn{KlmZym› ˛ Zzn{KltbmK߃

19. kqcymZo\mw bXv^ew X±im]vXw ˛ Zim^ew

20. kqcymZo\ma¥cmJym Zimf Y˛ A¥¿±im^ew (A]lmc^ew)

21. {]Xy¥¿±im^ew ˛ {]Xy¥¿±im^ew

22. ImeNt{Im ˛ ImeN{IZi XpSßnbh

23,24 AjvSh¿tKm ˛ AjvS¿§w

25 amμy[ymtbm ˛ amμn XpSßnb D]{Kl߃

26. tKmNcx kymXv ˛ tKmNcw

27. {]{hPyx ˛ k\ymktbmK߃

A[ymbm\mw hnwiXnx k]vXbp‡m≥ ˛ BsI 27 A≤ymb߃

{KŸImcs\°pdn®v (5)

{ioimenhmSnPmtX\ abm at{¥iztcW ssh

ssZht⁄\ ZznPmt{KyW kXmw tPymXn¿hnZmw aptZ.

(6)

kpIp¥fmw_mw kºqPy k¿hm`ojvS{]Zmbn\ow

XXvISm£hntitjW IrXm bm ^eZo]nIm.

{ioimenhmSnPmtX\ ˛ {ioimenhmSnbn¬ (Xncps\¬thenbn¬)

P\n®

ssZht⁄\ ZznPmt{KW ˛ ssZh⁄\pw {_m“W\pamb

abm at{¥iztcW ssh ˛ at{¥izcs\∂ F∂m¬

kXmw tPymXn¿hnZmw aptZ ˛ kØp°fmb tPymXnj]finX∑mcpsS

tamZØn\mbns°m- v

k¿hm`ojvS{]Zmbn\ow ˛ F√m B{Klßfpw km[n®p Xcp∂

kpIp¥fmw_mw kºqPy ˛ Ip¥fmw_.sb ]qPn®v

XXvISm£hntitjW ˛ B tZhnbpsS A\p{KlISm£wsIm- v

IrXm bm ^eZo]nIm. ˛ cNn°s∏´XmWv Cu ^eZo]nI.

 475

{KŸkqNn

1. ^eZo]nIbpsS hymJym\߃

1. ‰n. F≥. \mWp]n≈ Bim≥,

Fkv. Sn. B¿. ]ªnt°j≥kv, sIm√w. (10th Edition ) 2. Dr. G. .S. Kapoor, Ranjan Publications, New Delhi (1991) 3. Pandit Gopesh Kumar Ojha and Pandit Ashutosh Ojha, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, Delhi. (2008) 4. sNdph≈n \mcmbW≥ \ºqXncn,

tZhn _p°v Ãmƒ, sImSpß√q¿ (2009)

2. a‰p {KŸßƒ 1. i_vZXmcmhen -˛ {ioIWvtTizcw Pn. ]fl\m`]n≈

2. tPymXnj\nL- p ˛ HmW°q¿ i¶cKWI≥

IqSmsX, tlmcmimkv{Xw, PmXI]mcnPmXw, PmXImtZiw, {]iv\am¿§w XpSßnb

\nch[n KŸßfpw tUm. _n.hn. cma≥, F≥. C. apØpkzman XpSßnb B[p\nI

BNmcy∑mcpsS ]pkvXIßfpw Cu X¿÷abpsS cN\bn¬ D]tbmKn®n´p- v.

A\p_‘w

IS-]-bmZn A£ckwJy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

I J- K- L - M- N- O - P - Q- R

-S- T- U - V - W - X -Y -Z - [- \-

] - ^ --_ ` -a-

b- c - e - h - i j- k - l - f g, d

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

\nba߃

1. kwJyIfpsS {Iaw heØp\n∂pw CStØm´v

2. AImcmZn kzcm£c߃ ]Xn\mdpw ]qPyw

3. Iq´£cßfn¬ Xmsg hcp∂ A£cØns‚ kwJy.

d Iq´£cambm¬ c bpsS kwJy

4. hyRvP\ßtfmSv kzcw tN¿∂m¬ hyRvP\Ønns‚

kwJy Xs∂.

5. 9˛\p tijw ]qPyw h∂m¬ 10, 1 h∂m¬ 11 Cu {IaØn¬.

-