JAYARAVA

PH BNH THCH NHT HNH

BIN I TM KINH

Nguyn tc ca Jayarava:

Thich Nhat Hanh's Changes to The Heart Sutra

Dch Vit:

Phc nguyn

GII THIU TC GI

Jayarava, hin l hc gi uy tn trong gii nghin cu hin i, c bng C nhn Ha hc v Post Graduate Diploma v Th th. ng l mt Dharmacrin (Php hnh gi), ngha l mt thnh vin ca Triratna Buddhist Order. ng t hc Pli, hon tt cc kha hc ting Sanskrit ti i hc Cambridge, v c thm quyn Trung c Hn vn. ng cng tham gia vo nhiu loi hnh ngh thut khc nhau, bao gm m nhc, v tranh, nhip nh, v th php. ng sinh ra v ln ln New Zealand, cho n nm 2002, ng chuyn n Cambridge, Vng quc Anh.

T nm 2005, tc gi vit khong 500 bi tiu lun ng trn website ca ng. Bi vit hc thut ca ng c xut bn trong Journal of Buddhist Ethics, Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, v Western Buddhist Review. ng xut bn sch v kinh Klma Sutta, th php mantra, v danh ngha Sanskrit. ng hin ang lm vic vi tp sch nghin cu nhan : Karma and Rebirth v ln k hoch xut bn tp sch v Sutra Heart.

Tc gi l ngi k tha v nh hng su sc bi cc gio s danh gi nh Sue Hamilton, Jan Nattier, Paul Harrison, Greg Schopen, v Richard Gombrich.

*Ngun tin t trang web ca tc gi (email v a ch lin h): http://jayarava.blogspot.co.uk/p/about-jayaravas-raves.html

*Ngun bi vit:

http://jayarava.blogspot.co.uk/2016/03/thich-nhat-hanhs-changes-to-heart-sutra.html

http://jayarava.blogspot.co.uk/p/about-jayaravas-raves.htmlhttp://jayarava.blogspot.co.uk/2016/03/thich-nhat-hanhs-changes-to-heart-sutra.htmlhttp://jayarava.blogspot.co.uk/2016/03/thich-nhat-hanhs-changes-to-heart-sutra.html

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LI U CA NGI DCH

Bi ph bnh ny c dch sang ting Vit vi mc ch gii thiu mt bi lun dng ph bnh v phn bin tiu chun trong hc thut nghim tc n vi cc c gi quan tm.

Bi ph bnh ny Tc gi vit ra nhm gip cho nhng ai ang c cc hoi nghi, bi ri v mt s vn trong nguyn bn Tm kinh ni chung, v cc bn dch ni ring, phn no hiu thm v ngha ca n. Tt nhin, mt bi ph bnh ngn khng th no ni ht nhng vn ca Tm kinh m Tc gi mun ni.

Bi dch ny c ph bin hu mong mang li mt lung sinh kh mi phn no khi dy nhng ch nguyn nng bng mong tm ra mt con ng sng nh Thin ti ng t vt ni non ghnh thc i tm c ngun sng h lc trong kho tng minh trit v bin, nhm chun b hnh trang ln ng cho mt vn hi mi.

Ph bnh khng phi l ch trch; ph bnh cng khng phi ng trn thc h ny ph hy thc h kia. Ph bnh l ph hy tt c mi h thc h, ph bnh l thit lp trong ph hy, ph bnh l dng li nhng g b ng kin gm nhm xiu vo, a chng tr v ng vi bn v ca mnh.

Ngi dch khng c g ni nhiu v bi ph bnh cng nh bn dch ny, t n s ni ln nhng g m n mun ni, v sau ht mi c gi s t c nhn nh cho ring mnh.

Dch xong, V tr x am,

Tit sng ging, inh du (2017)

Phc nguyn

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VI GHI CH CA NGI DCH

-Ta do ngi dch t theo pht biu ca chnh tc gi trong bi vit, nu bt ni dung, dch st l: Thch Nht Hnh bin i Tm kinh

-Ngi dch c gng gi nguyn cu trc ni dung, cc i t xng h m tc gi dng v hnh thc ca bi ngun, nh du ngoc km, cc nh dng chng hn, v.v.. kh d gn vi ng kh v vn ng ca tc gi.

Cc phn chua trong du ngoc trn (), hay du ngoc vung [], l ca chnh tc gi.

- tin cho c gi khng rnh Phn/Hn theo di, ngi dch phin m Phn/Hn ngay sau t .

-Nhm m bo tnh khch quan v xc thc nht, nhng ch tc gi dn pht biu hoc kinh vn ca Thy Nht Hnh bng Anh ng, dch gi s s dng trc tip pht biu hay kinh do chnh Thy Nht Hnh dng bng ting Vit. Ch no bt buc phi dch st theo ting Anh hay khng c tng ng trong bn Vit ca Thy Nht Hnh, ngi dch s dch theo ting Anh v ghi vo cc ch.

-Nhng ch tc gi dn t hay cm t Anh vn nhm so snh, dch gi gi nguyn t Anh vn, ri gch ni () dch vit ngay sau t .

-Footnote ca ngi dch s c nh s La-tin (Tc gi khng c Footnote).

-Nhng ng link tham kho trong bi vit do t gi s dng c gi nguyn trong bn dch.

-Ngoi ra, c nhng im no khc, nu thy cn thit, dch gi s ghi r vo cc ch.

Vi ghi ch mong c gi lu trc khi c vo bi dch.

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JAYARAVA: PH BNH THCH NHT HNH

BIN I TM KINH

by Jayarava

Dn Khi

K t khi ti c bi vit ca Jan Nattier vo nm 1992, Ti vit gn ba mi bi tiu lun v Tm kinh v c gng lm mt bn trch yu v n.

Trong vic kho st li cc vn bn m ti bit trong hn hai mi nm qua thng qua vic nghin cu cc Th bn Sanskrit v cc bn dch thuc h thng kinh in Trung quc, ti rt him khi b cun ht vit v cc bn dch Anh ng hin i, hoc nhng bn ch gii v n. Hu ht cc bn dch phn ln u khng khip v tt c nhng gii thch ch xoay quanh nhng g m nh ch gii mun kinh in ni nh th, ch khng phi v chnh bn kinh . Tuy nhin, bi tiu lun ny l vit v mt bn dch hin i nhng trong mt chng mc no cng l mt bn ch gii.

Vo nm 2014, mt Thin s ni ting, Thch Nht Hnh (TNH), cho ra i bn dch mi ca Tm kinh. Bn c th xem n song song vi bn trc kia, bn dch chun hn, y. Bt c khi no c ai nh ng ta lm mt vic g nh th ny, kt qu thng c mng n bng mt ln sng nnh b ri tung h qu ng (iu cng xy ra tng t trong hot ng Pht gio ca ti). Trang web ring ca

http://jayarava.blogspot.co.uk/p/prajnaparamita.html#hearthttp://plumvillage.org/news/thich-nhat-hanh-new-heart-sutra-translation/https://bodhileaf.wordpress.com/2014/09/16/prajnaparamita-heart-sutra-thay/https://bodhileaf.wordpress.com/2014/09/16/prajnaparamita-heart-sutra-thay/

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TNH cp rng y l bn dch "su sc v hay"1. iu ny thc s khng chnh xc. Ch c mn ca ng b thiu tm nhn nn mi ni nh th. Cn i vi mt ngi ngoi cuc th bn dch mi trng tht hunh hoang v d hm. Trong mt s phng din, iu ny khng c g ng ngc nhin, bi v Tm kinh l mt h thng thut ng c th Pht gio c tnh cht ch cao, t tht khng d dng c th phin dch c n. Xem thm phn phn tch ni dung Tm kinh ca David Chapman's.

Ph Bnh Bn Dch

Rt nhiu bn dch mi c kch khi t tnh ngng cung t i hoc t s mong mun chng minh v th chuyn mn ca mt ngi nh l mt thin s. Nhng bn dch ny hn nhin khng gip ch g thm cho kin thc ca chng ta v vn bn v chng cng khng c ng gp g i vi lnh vc vn hc. Chng thng l mt kiu Buddhist Hybrid English- Anh ng hn chng Pht gio t hi nht. V d, c nhiu dch gi, bao gm c TNH, th c gng ng rng Tm kinh l th th bng cch sp t n nh l mt bi th. Tm kinh khng phi l th th. N cng khng phi l mt

1 T trang web ring ca TNH: a profound and beautiful new English translation of the Heart Sutra; trang web khc ca TNH ni thm bn dch ny l a radical re-translation of a sacred text, ri the greatness of this new translation. Nhng thc t th no mi c ph bnh ca tc gi trong bi vit.

https://meaningness.wordpress.com/2011/06/25/the-heart-healthy-sutra/https://meaningness.wordpress.com/2011/06/25/the-heart-healthy-sutra/https://plumvillage.org/news/thich-nhat-hanh-new-heart-sutra-translation/https://plumvillage.org/news/thich-nhat-hanh-new-heart-sutra-translation/https://bodhileaf.wordpress.com/2014/09/16/prajnaparamita-heart-sutra-thay/https://bodhileaf.wordpress.com/2014/09/16/prajnaparamita-heart-sutra-thay/https://bodhileaf.wordpress.com/2014/09/16/prajnaparamita-heart-sutra-thay/

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bi th. Tm kinh l th vn xui. Trn thc t ch c mt vn bn trong h Prajpramit thuc th th v n ch nh l ph ha cho b loi ny, l Ratnaguasacayagth2 (thm ch cho n th k th 10 vn cha c dch sang ting Trung quc).

Trong trng hp ny, bn dch c thc y bi mt iu g nghim trng hn. Vn phng THN ni cho chng ta bit rng:

S d Thy phi dch li Tm kinh, v v t s bin tp Tm kinh khng kho lo trong khi s dng ngn t; do , gy ra nhiu hiu lm gn 2000 nm.3

D nhin khng c bt c ch no c Tm kinh gn 2000 nm tui c, n c th khong 1300 nm tui. R rng TNH hoc l khng bit n, hoc l chi b thuyt ngun gc Trung quc ca Jan Nattier, cn ti th ngc li cho rng thuyt ny l ht sc thuyt phc, khng th nghi ng. Phn quan trng nht ca hc thuyt hin i v Tm Kinh cha n c vi Lng Mai. kin cho rng mt t s no ghi li Tm kinh khng kho lo r rng ch l h cu v theo chng ta c th ni v mt bn Tm kinh hon ho nhng b ghi

2 Ratnaguasacayagth, P.L. Vaidya (ed.): Mahayana-sutra-samgrahah, Part 1. Darbhanga: The Mithila Institute 1961 (Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, 17) 3 Dn theo bn Vit trn trang web ca TNH, y. Trong bn ting Anh TNH ni c th l 2000 nm.

http://plumvillage.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Thich-Nhat-Hanh-Commentary-on-new-Heart-Sutra-translation.pdfhttp://www.dsbcproject.org/canon-text/book/72https://langmai.org/tang-kinh-cac/kinh-van/kinh-moi-dich/tam-kinh-tue-giac-qua-bo/

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chp khng hon ho, nhng ti mun chuyn sang im chnh. Vn theo TNH l c s mu thun trong Tm kinh. Ch n gn y ti mi t mnh xc nh c mu thun ny v bi v cng ng Pht gio thng c khuynh hng phn i bt k kin no v s khim khuyt trong Kinh in, nn ti rt ngc nhin v t m khi thy TNH tha nhn khim khuyt ny cho d l thng qua mt ngi pht ngn. Vy th bt n y l g?

Ci li khng nm cng thc sc tc th khng m nm ch vng v ni cu Th c khng trung v sc.4

Vn phin toi l hai cu pht biu ny mu thun tnh th m khng th gii quyt theo cch ly tm thm ph ln nh l tnh nghch l ca mt loi tr tu b mt.

Nu mt ai ni rng "Tnh Khng l Sc" trong mt mch v ni cu tip theo "Trong Tnh Khng khng c Sc", th khng phi l nghch l, n ch n thun l ph nh. Nh TNH ni: "Cu kinh ny c th a ti nhng hiu lm tai hi"5.

Th m tt c tin vo TNH, cho l ng ta tm thy mt sai lm trong Tm kinh v cng b n. Cc Pht t in hnh th cc lc phn i nhng iu . Chng t thc s nn dng li v dnh ch cho iu ny lng xung trc khi xem

4 Dn theo bn Vit trn trang web ca TNH, y. 5 Ibid., y.

https://langmai.org/tang-kinh-cac/kinh-van/kinh-moi-dich/tam-kinh-tue-giac-qua-bo/https://langmai.org/tang-kinh-cac/kinh-van/kinh-moi-dich/tam-kinh-tue-giac-qua-bo/

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xt k lng v nhng g m TNH lm p ng vi pht hin ny.

Trong khi m v c bn TNH ni rng tm thy sai lm trong mt vn bn Pht gio, song s p ng cho vn ny ca ng li l mt kt lun ngy ng. ng din t vn nh l mt s ghi chp