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2015 PGTS – IWNEST LANGKAWI
INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES 2015
INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY 2015
INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING 2015
2ND NATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS 2015 Langkawi, Malaysia February 10-11, 2015
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Welcome to PGTS-IWNEST 2015 International Postgraduate Conference
National Postgraduate Conference
Dear Professor, Dr and distinguished delegates,
Welcome to the PGTS - IWNEST 2015 Langkawi, Malaysia. On behalf of International
Postgraduate Network (IPN.org) and IWNEST, I would like to thank all the Conference
Chair, Program Chairs and the Technical Committees. Their high competence and
professional advice enable us to prepare the high-quality program. For the participants, we
hope all of you have a great time at the conference and also in Langkawi, Malaysia.
We believe that by this excellent conference, you can get more opportunity for further
communication with researchers and practitioners.
For this IPCCME 2015, IPCIT 2015, IPCPMS 2015 & NPCB 2015 more than 50
submitted papers have been received and 30 papers have been accepted and published finally.
In order to hold more professional and significant international conferences, your suggestions
are warmly welcomed. And we are looking forward to meet you again next time.
Best Regards,
Thank you. Yours Sincerely,
Datin MZ Zainab
Director – Conference Management IPN.org
Chairman, PGTS – IWNEST 2015 Langkawi
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Message from IWNEST President
On behalf of the IWNEST publications team, it is my privilege to welcome you to the IPN -
IWNEST 2015 International Conference on Engineering Management. IWNEST is an
independent, non-political, non-governmental organization of distinguished scientists
dedicated to advancing science around the world. We aim to help scientists and researchers to
publish their findings in our scientific journals and to promote and help to organize
worldwide conferences. We believe that has no boundaries, regardless of the great distances
between countries and continents. Thus IWNEST welcomes contributions from researchers
from all concern irrespective to the race, colour, religion and nationality.
Best Regards
Prof. Dr. Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said Al Tawaha
Founder President
Honorary Advisor
PGTS – IWNEST 2015 Langkawi
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About International Postgraduate Network (IPN.org)
The International Postgraduate Network (IPN.org) is a non-profit international association
dedicated to the promotion of international education and university cooperation in the field
of Business, Art, Social Science, Management , Education, Science, Technology,
Engineering and any other related field.
Through the organization of different international events, it brings together institutions,
bodies and organizations from different countries of the world for discussion and cooperation
IPN.org Mission is to promote and enhance the dialogue in education among the institutions
devoted to field mentioned above through:
Promotion of best practice standards in the service of international education.
The facilitation of relevant forums, training and information exchange.
Creation and dissemination of knowledge; exert an influence in public policy.
Production of publications used as a database document for research works, projects
and innovation activities held on the international education field.
IPN.org believes that this is best achieved through international cooperation and promotes the
development of closer links among relevant institutions and individuals around the
world.IPN.org supports that such international cooperation can help countries learn from each
other and promotes the dissemination of scientific and engineering activities. IPN.org intends
to achieve the mentioned objectives and get an international visibility by the organization of
international conferences and by interacting with public and private organisms from all parts
of the world.
www.internationalpostgraduatenetwork.org
www.ipnconference.org
www.ipnmalaysia.org
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Announcement
All accepted papers will be published in:
Advances in Environmental Biology (AEB)(ISI/THOMAS REUTERS/SCOPUS)
(online issue ISSN 1995-0756)(abstract and indexing by ISI/Thomson Reuters, Ulrich
periodicals, Ebscohost, Cabi International and DOAJ) or
American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture (Scopus) (online issue ISSN
1995-0748) (Indexed by Elsevier: SCOPUS www.scopus.com, Google Scholar,
Ulrich Periodicals, EBSCO HOST, CSA, CAB Abstract, DOAJ)
Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture(ISI/THOMSON REUTERS) (online issue
ISSN 1816-9112)(abstract and indexing by ISI/Thomson Reuters, Ulrich periodicals,
Ebscohost, Cabi International and DOAJ) &
Research Journal of Social Sciences (online issue ISSN 1815-9125) (abstract and
indexing by Google Scholar, Ulrich, EBSCO HOST, DOAJ
One best presenter will be selected from each session and will be awarded the certificate
during the Dinner Banquet. Beside that one best paper ( the selected paper is chosen by the
IWNEST editorial board ) will received RM 150.00
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Keynote Speakers
Keynote Speaker 1:
DR. SALEM S. ABU AMR
Dr. Salem obtained his B.Sc. in Environment and Earth Sciences in 2001 and his M.Sc. in Water
Resources Management from Faculty of civil engineering, Islamic University, Gaza in 2005. For
12 years prior to continuing his education, he acquired practical experience working on various
environmental engineering aspects including water/wastewater treatment and management,
Drinking water and sanitary sewer distribution system monitoring, and development of advanced
water/wastewater treatment technologies. He received his Ph.D. in environmental engineering
from the University of Malaysian Sciences (USM), Malaysia, in 2013. Currently, he is following
postdoctoral research fellow in Environmental Engineering at School of Civil engineering, USM,
Malaysia (2014 – 2-15). To date, his professional work and research has encompassed
development and use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water/wastewater treatment
processes. Dr. Salem also worked as an academic staff and researcher in several research
centers, universities and institutes and gained a wide experience and he has a high potential in
both practical and academic research work on water and wastewater treatment. Hi has a good
experience to design different types of ozone reactors using for water and waste water
treatment applications. His current research interests include stabilized landfill leachate
treatment via (AOPs) and improve the biodegradability of undegradable components. He has
reported over 35 publications in several international conferences and ISI journals: 02 articles
in referred ISI & Scopus index journals , 5 international articles, 10 publications in international
conference proceedings in this field. Dr. Salem ranked 2n d
in the world in leachate
t reatment at the year 2013, and he has selected by Marquis Who's Who in
the world 2015 in the f ield of Environmental sciences and technology. He
also a referee for a few international journals and has an editorial responsibilities in IGI global
book titled Control and Treatment of Landfill Leachate for Sanitary Waste Disposal.
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Abstract
Title: Experience of USM in Solid waste landfill leachate treatment
Leachate pollution is one of the main problems in landfilling. The treatment technology that
can be used may differ based on the type of leachate produced. Even after treatment, the
effluent characteristics are always hard to comply with the discharge standard. Stabilized
leachate, indicated by a low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)/COD ratio (i.e., low
biodegradability) and seen in many landfills in Malaysia, is particularly difficult to treat
biologically. Therefore, additional physico-chemical processes are necessary for the pre-
treatment and post-treatment of leachate. In this regard, dedicated treatment facilities are
required before leachate can be discharged to the environment. Various site-specific
treatment techniques can be used to treat hazardous wastewater depending on leachate
characteristics, operation and capital costs, and regulations. Leachate treatment schemes
likely include biological, physical, and chemical processes; their combination and specific
modification are greatly influenced by the characteristics of leachate produced. Several
studies focusing on the usability of different physico-chemical applications for leachate
treatment are reviewed. Fenton, electro-Fenton, photo-Fenton, coagulation, electro-
coagulation, and ion exchange are well-known wastewater and leachate treatments. Fenton
oxidation is an effective oxidation wastewater treatment process. However, the complexity of
landfill leachate makes the use of Fenton oxidation alone unsatisfactory. Thus, combinations
of different oxidation processes, such as electro-Fenton and electro-photo-Fenton oxidation,
have been extensively investigated to increase oxidation efficiency. AOPs involves the
production of powerful oxidizing agents, mainly the hydroxyl radical (OH), from single
oxidants, such as ozone, or from a combination of strong oxidants (e.g., O3 and OH−,H2O2,
ultraviolet, ultrasound or electron beam, and catalysts such as transition metal ions or photo
catalysts). USM team has conducted many research works on the removal of ammoniacal
nitrogen, metals, colour, COD, suspended solid and turbidity from leachate. Based on these
studies, USM has come out with a proposed treatment system plants which have been
constructed i.e. PBLS.
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List of the Conference Committee
PGTS – IWNEST 2015 Langkawi, Honorary Advisor
Prof. Dr. Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said Al-Tawaha (Ph.D McGill University)
Founder President of Islamic World Network for Environmental Science and Technology
Editor in Chief, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Science
Editor in Chief, American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Editor in Chief, Advances in Environmental Biology
Al Talal Bin Hussein University, Jordan
PGTS – IWNEST 2015 Langkawi ,Chairman
Datin MZ Zainab
PGTS – IWNEST 2015 Langkawi, Academic Committee
Conference Chair
Prof. Dr. Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said Al-Tawaha (Ph.D McGill University)
Technical Committee
Ir. Amirul Abd Rashid, UiTM Shah Alam
Nor Azwin Shukri, Malaysian Nuclear Agency
Dr. Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee, Prince of Songkla University
Dr. Noorasikin Samat, International Islamic University Malaysia
Dr. Yong Leng Chuan, Taylors’ University Lakeside Campus
Dr. Nuraini Abdul Aziz, Universiti Putra Malaysia
Dr. Sivakumar A/L Dhar Malingam, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Dr. Amir Azizi, Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Dr. Ali Asghar Jomah Adham, Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Dr. Zohreh Hossein Mirzaee Beni, Iran
Dr. Wafa'a Abdelrahman Abdulla Al Taisan, Saudi Arabia
Dr. Samah DJEDDI, Algeria
Dr. Nada Fadhil Tawfiq, Iraq
Dr. Noor Mohammad, Bangladesh
Dr. Cheevin Limsiri, Thailand
Dr. Prayong Keeratiurai, Thailand
Prof. Dr. Wenju Liang China.
Prof. Dr. Abd Al-kareem Al-Sallal,Jordan.
Dr. Abdullah Noman Mosleh Al-Dhaibani, Saudi Arabia
Dr. Mohamed Fathy Yassin. Kuwait
Dr. Azita Zand, Iran
Dr. Sharif Hossain, Saudi Arabia
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Dr. Babak Daneshvar Rouyendegh, Turkey
Dr. Sunil Kumar, India
Dr. Ezzeddine Ben Mohamed, Tunis
Dr. Mahboub Sheikhalizadeh Heris, Iran
Dr. Pramod Kumar
Dr. Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo, Indonesia
Dr. Bob Redden, Australia
Dr. Shyam Yadav, Afghanistan
Dr. Nawfal Yousif Jamil, Iraq
Dr. Theiaa Najam Abdulla, Iraq
Dr. Ammar Seddiq Mahmood, Iraq
Dr. Hiyam Abdel Ibraheem AlTaii, Iraq
Dr. Faten Noori Mula Abed, Iraq
Dr. R.K. Maiti, India
PGTS – IWNEST 2015 Langkawi, Organising Committee
YKY
Nurul
Shaiful
Rafie
Norma
Wafiy
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Instruction for Oral Presentation
Devices Provided by the Conference Organizer:
Laptop (with MS-Office & Adobe Reader)
Projector & Screen
Laser Sticks
Materials Provided by the Presenters:
PowerPoint or PDF files
Duration of each Presentation (Tentatively):
Regular oral presentation: about12 minutes (including Q&A)
Keynote speech: about 40 minute (including Q&A)
Notice: Please keep your belongings (laptop and camera etc) with you!
During registration:
Original Receipt
Representative / Pass Card with lanyard
Printed Program
Lunch Coupon
Dinner Coupon
Participation Certificate (collected from Session Chair after the session)
Conference Bag
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PGTS – IWNEST 2015 International Postgraduate Conference Langkawi
Conference Program
January 13,
2015
Venue:
Lobby
1100-1300
Registration
and hotel check in
Island
Hopping 1400-1800
Tasik Dayang Bunting
Pulau Beras Basah
Eagle Feeding
** This Program more to Beach Activites like
snorkelling. Located in the middle of the sea with
crystal clear blue waters.
(Clothes : Suitable for beach activities)
Dinner 2000-2200 Dinner
January 14,
2015
Venue:
TBA
0830- 0840 Opening
Remarks
Dato’ Azuan Ahmad
IPN Network
0840-0920 Plenary
Speech 1
Dr. Salem S. Abu Amr
USM
0930-1000 Group Photo and Coffee Break
Venue:
TBA 1000-1230 Session 1
Venue:
TBA 1000-1230 Session 2
Venue:
Restaurant 1230-1330 Lunch
Venue:
TBA 1330-1600 Session 3
Venue:
TBA 1400-1600 Session 4
Venue :
TBA 160 -1630 Coffee Break
Venue:
restaurant 1630-1730 Best presenter /Best Paper Awards Ceremony
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Session 1
Time: 1030 – 1300
Venue: TBA
Session Chair: Dr. Salem S. Abu Amr
No Paper ID Presenter
1 001-ipccme Isolation and characterization of thermophilic bacteria producing L-asparaginase
from Malaysia hotspring and enzyme activity using different carbon and nitrogen
sources
Dzun Noraini Jimat*1, Intan Baizura Firda Mohamed 2, Azlin Suhaida Azmi 3, Zaki
Zainudin 4
International Islamic University Malaysia
2 002-ipccme The Potential of Quercetin in Psidium Guajava L. Leaves Extract as Urease
Bioinhibitor for Fertilizer Application.
Nur Kamila Ramli *1, Zahid Majeed 1, Anis Suhaila Shuib 1, Nurlidia Mansor 1,
Zakaria Man 1.
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
3 004-ipccme Rice bran water extraction through autoclaving and sonication: Protein content
and amino acid profile
Nurul Izzah Abdul Rahim1, Noor Azian Morad* 2, Kamariah Long 3
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
4 032-ipccme Electrodeposition of CoNiFe alloy thin films in a sulfate solution
Ismail Hanafi *1, Abdul Razak Daud 1, Shahidan Radiman 1
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
5 038-ipccme Effects of Annealing Temperature on the Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Tin Di
oxide Thin Films
Imad H. Kadhim *1, 2 and H. Abu Hassan1
Universiti Sains Malaysia
6 010-ipccme BIT SELECTION USING DRILLING DATA BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL
NETWORKS
MOHAMMADSADEGH MOMENI *1, MASOUD RASHIDI 2, PRETHIPKUMAR
A/L WATALINGAM 3
University Teknologi PETRONAS
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7 012-ipccme Optimized Model for Gas Distribution Network
Amin Yahyazadeh1 and Mohd Amin Abd Majid2
Universiti Teknologi Petronas
8 013-ipccme The Effect of Composition Different on the Gas Permeation properties of Tubular
membrane
Norazlianie Sazali, Zawati Harun
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
9 014-ipccme Effect of Maltodextrin Concentrations at different drying temperatures on the
Physical and Drying Properties of the Spray-dried Pink Guava Powder
Mohammad Rezaul Islam Shishir, F.S.Taip*, N.A. Aziz, R.A. Talib, M. Saifullah
Universiti Putra Malaysia
10 016-ipccme Effect of Alkaline Treated Rice Husk on the Mechanical and Morphological
Properties
of Recycled HDPE/RH Composite
Mohd Hafizuddin Ab Ghani*1, Nishata Royan Rajendran Royan2, Sem Wee Kang3,
Abu Bakar Sulong2 and Sahrim Ahmad1
The National University of Malaysia
11 017-ipccme Effect of Operating Pressure on CO2 Absorption from Natural Gas in Packed
Absorption Column
Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim1,2 and Azmi Mohd Shariff *1
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
12 007-ipccme Post-treatment of polymer membrane through chemical and physical surface
modifications- A review
Siek-Lin Yeo1, Siek-Ting Yong*1, Abdul Wahab Mohammad2
Monash University Malaysia
13 008-ipccme The Effect of Carbon Fuel Properties and Pyrolysis Conditions on the
Electrochemical Performance of Direct Carbon Fuel Cell – A Review
Shu-Hong Lim1, Siek-Ting Yong*1, Chien-Wei Ooi1, Veena Doshi2, Wan Ramli Wan
Daud3
Monash University Malaysia
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Session 2
Time: 1030 - 1300
Venue: TBA
Session Chair: Dr. Mohammad Tazli Azizan
No Paper ID Presenter
1 005-ipccme Instability and corrosiveness of different biodiesel blends upon exposure to copper
M.A. Fazal*1, N. R. Suhaila2, A.S.M.A. Haseeb3
University of Malaya
2 019-ipccme Identification, characterization and extraction yield of Phenolics from Nephelium
Lappaceum leaves with phenol compounds (Gallic acid), as determined by FTIR and
UV/Vis spectroscopy for medical purpose.
Saima Khan*1, Asna M Zain 2, Thanapalan Murugesan 3
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
3 020-ipccme Synthesis Of Chemically Modified Silica Gel With Amidoxime And Its Adsorption
Performance For The Removal Of Copper(II) And Lead(II) From Aqueous Phase
Eddy Mohd Farid M. Yusslee*1, M.R. Lutfor2, N.H. Dahon3, Sazmal E. Arshad4
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
4 021-ipccme The effect of Sawdust loading as natural short fiber on NBR/NRL-G compounds
Dahham Ommar .S*1a
, N.Z. Noriman1, 2b
, A. W. Mohd Kahar1c
, H. Ismail3c
, S.T. Sam4d
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
5 022-ipccme Comparison of Acid Hydrolysis and Combination System Method for Production of
Xylose from Meranti Wood Sawdust (MWS)
M.I Suharti 1, A.M. Mimi Sakinah *2
Universiti Malaysia Pahang
6 023-ipccme Effect of SDS Concentration on the Thermal Property and Performance of Low
Pressure Active Reverse Osmosis (LP-ARO) Membrane for Brackish and Seawater
Desalination
Nurul Syuhada Mohd Ali 1, Abdul Rahman Hassan *1, Rosli Mohd Yunus 2
Islamic Science University of Malaysia
7 024-ipccme Synthesis and Absorption Study of Polystyrene-graft-Poly(acrylic acid)/Hectorite
Superabsorbent Polymer Composite
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Nurul Fasiha Deraman *1, Nur Raihan Mohamed *2, Nadras Othman 3
Universiti Teknologi MARA
8 025-ipccme Fabrication of SAPO-34 and Silane-modified SAPO-34/Polyimide Mixed Matrix
Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation
Lin Kiat Chua 1, Norwahyu Jusoh 2, Yin Fong Yeong *3
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
9 026-ipccme New Method for Novolac Type Liquefied Coconut Coir Husk Lignin/ Phenol/
Formaldehyde Resin
Nur Amirah Abd Ghani*1,a, Nur Izzati Zakaria1, Dalina Samsudin1, Nor Mazlina Abdul
Wahab1, Noor Aishatun Majid1, Rusli Daik2 and Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak1
Universiti Teknologi Mara
10 027-ipccme Effectiveness of Benzyl Triethylammonium Chloride for Corrosion Control on Carbon
Steel
Mohd Nazri Idris *1, 2, Abdul Razak Daud 1, Norinsan Kamil Othman 1
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
11 028-ipccme Resistance in Series Model for Ultrafiltration Xylose Reductase from Product mixtures
Noor Suzana Bakar1, A.M. Mimi Sakinah *1
Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
12 029-ipccme Isolation of Antioxidant Compound by TLC-based Approach from Limau Kasturi
(Citrus macrocarpa) Peels Extract
Rubiatul, Adawiyah. S.,*1 Nor Helya, I. K.,2 Dachyar, A.,3 Nurul Ain, H. A.4
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
13 035-ipccme EFFECT OF ADIPIC ACID COMPOSITION ON STRUCTURAL AND
CONDUCTIVITY SOLID BIOPOLYMER ELECTROLYTES BASED ON
CARBOXY METHYLCELLULOSE STUDIES
Mohd Lukhman Hakim Rozali , Nor .Hidayah Ahmad1, M.I.N. Isa1, 2*
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
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Session 3
Time: 1400 – 1600
Venue: TBA
Session Chair: Dr. Salem S. Abu Amr
No Paper ID Presenter
1 001-ipcit Recognizing the Important Requirements To Be Incorporated In the Green Building
Rating Tools
Muhamad Hafizi bin Mohd Thahrir *1, Ismail bin Abdul Rahman 2, Abdul Zaki bin Abd
Wahid 3
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
2 002-ipcit Performance, Morphological and Molecular Studies of Active PVDF Ultrafiltration
(AUF) Membranes for Proteins Separation
Nur Izzah Md Fadilah 1, Abdul Rahman Hassan*1, Rosli Mohd Yunus 2
Islamic Science University of Malaysia
3 003-ipcit The characteristics of copper containing SBA-15 prepared by impregnation and pH
adjustment methods and their activities for N2O decomposition
Mohd Haizal Mohd Husin *1,2, Nugroho Dewayanto 2, Jinlin Li 3, Mohd Ridzuan
Nordin 2
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
4 030-ipccme Microbial Corrosion of Carbon Steel by Tropical Environment Consortium Bacteria
containing SRB
Nur Akma Mahat 1, Norinsan Kamil Othman *1, Fathul Karim Sahrani 2, Mohd Nazri
Idris1,3
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
5 007-npcb FACING THE DILEMMAS ON VOTING BEHAVIOR AMONGST YOUTH IN
MALAYSIA ELECTION
Mohd Hafiz Mansor1, Abd Rahim Romle,PhD
2, Siti Nur illani Abd Hamid
3
Universiti Utara Malaysia
6 010-npcb SMEs Performance: Does Intellectual Capital Matter?
Salwa Muda 1, Mara Ridhuan Che Abdul Rahman
2
Universiti Teknologi MARA
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7 033-ipccme Empirical 17odelling study in predicting temperature profile within the convective
oven
Nur Syafikah Shahapuzi 1, Farah Saleena Taip* 2, Norashikin Ab Aziz 1 and Anvarjon
Ahmedov 1
Universiti Putra Malaysia
8 031-ipccme The Effect of Magnetic Field on Corrosion Inhibitor of Copper in 0.5M NaCl Solution
Ling Yuen Ang 1, Norinsan Kamil Othman
*1, Azman Jalar
1 and Ismayadi Ismail
2
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
9 036-ipccme Color and Volume Development of Cake Baking and Its Influence on Cake Qualities
Ramadhatul Akmal Mohamad *1, Farah Saleena Taip *1, Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal 1,
Siti Khairunniza Bejo 2
University Putra Malaysia
10 037-ipccme Microstructural Characterizations and Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welding
Technique of Dissimilar (Al-Cu) Sheets
Hassan I. Dawood1,2 , Kahtan S. Mohammed1, Azmi Rahmat1, M. B. Uday3
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
11 018-ipccme Development of cobalt-niobium bimetallic catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch reaction
Mohammad Tazli Azizan *1, Mir Muhammad Sohaib 1, Noorasmawati Mohd Zabidi 2
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
18
Session 4
Time: 1400 - 1600
Venue: TBA
Session Chair: Dr. Mohammad Abu Fazal
No Paper ID Presenter
1 001-ipcpms MIMO Channel Model On Spatial Correlation In Wireless Communication
Suzi Seroja Sarnin *1, Habibah Hashim 2, Siti Maisurah Sulong 3 , Nani Fazlina Naim4
Universiti Teknologi MARA
2 003-ipcpms Periodic Cellular Automata of Period-3
Nasir Ganikhodjaev , Nor Raihan Binti Mohamad Asimoni
International Islamic University Malaysia
3 004-ipcpms Conduction Mechanism of Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes System Based on
Carboxymethyl cellulose – Ammonium chloride
Nur Hidayah Ahmad1, Mohd. Ikmar Nizam Mohamad Isa*2
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
4 005-ipcpms Ionic Conductivity and Conduction Mechanism of Biodegradable Dual
Polysaccharides Blend Electrolytes
Khadijah Hilmun Kamarudin1, M.S.A Rani2 and M.I.N. Isa1,3,*
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
5 006-ipcpms Nanocrystals Titania/Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) Combined with Piper Betle Linn as a Dye
Source for Hybrid Solar Cells
Salmah Mohd Ghazali*1, Hasiah Salleh2, Mohd Sabri Mohd Ghazali3, Ahmad Nazri
Dagang1, Muhammad Aimy Mahfuzzan Mohd Zaini1, Zakiyah Ahmad3
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
6 007-ipcpms Structural and Conduction Studies of Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes System Based on
Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Noor Azniza M. Noor1, M.I.N. Isa *2
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
7 008-ipcpms Optical Studies of Nature Dyes Bixa Orellana (BO), Melastoma Malabathricum (MM),
Curcuma Longa (CL), Sauropus Androgynous (SA) and Pandanus Amarylitolius (PA)
using UV-Vis and FTIR Spectroscopy for Nature Dyes Solar Cell.
19
Zakiyah Binti Ahmad**1, Mohd Sabri Bin Mohd Ghazali *2, Hasiah Binti Salleh***3,
Salmah Binti Mohd Ghazali **1, Muhamad Azman Bin Zulkifli**1
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
8 009-ipcpms Concentrations of Pb, Ni and Cd in urine and tissue samples of southern Iraqi cancer
patients
Anees A. Al-Hamzawi*1, 2, M. S. Jaafar 1, Kabir N. A1, Nada F. Tawfiq 3
Universiti Sains Malaysia
9 010-ipcpms Ionic Conductivity and Structural Analysis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Doped With
Ammonium Fluoride as Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes
M.A. Ramlli1, Khadijah Hilmun Kamarudin1 and M.I.N. Isa1,2,*
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
10 001-npcb Determinants of Malaysian Bond Ratings
M. Hafiz Ali *1, M. H. Yahya
2, N. A. Rahim
3
Universiti Putra Malaysia
11 004-npcb REALISTIC AGENDAS FOR FUTURE OF E-GOVERNMENT
IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA
Siti Nur Illani Abd Hamid1 Abd Rahim Romle, PhD
2, Mohd Hafiz Mansor
3
Universiti Utara Malaysia
20
Conference Venue
Langkawi Seaview Hotel Lot40 Jalan Penarak, Kuah,
07000 Langkawi, Kedah
04-966 0600
Conference Secretariat Contact:
International Postgraduate Network (IPN.org)
37B Jalan Pelabur 23/B, Seksyen 23
40300 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Malaysia
Phone No. : +6018-2189487 (call/sms/whatsapp)
Tel: +603-55486116/55455516
Fax no: +603-55480616
Programme website:
www.ipnconference.org
www.internationalpostgraduatenetwork.org
www.pgtsresources.com
Contact Person: Mr Shaiful
21
Note
22
Note
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List of Abstract
No Paper ID Presenter
1 001-ipccme Isolation and characterization of thermophilic bacteria producing L-asparaginase
from Malaysia hotspring and enzyme activity using different carbon and nitrogen
sources
Dzun Noraini Jimat*1, Intan Baizura Firda Mohamed
2, Azlin Suhaida Azmi
3, Zaki
Zainudin 4
1,2,3&4
International Islamic University Malaysia , Department of Biotechnology
Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, P.O. Box 10, 50728 , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abstract- Background: L-asparaginase is being applied in medical field as well as food
industry. One of the common applications of the enzyme is being an effective antitumor
agent for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Microbial strains that are
producing L-asparaginase can be found in many habitats such soil, waste water and hot
springs. The continuous studies are essential to discover new microbial sources to obtain
high-yielding L-asparaginase producing strains that useful for therapeutic and industrial
applications.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to isolate thermophilic bacteria producing L-
asparaginase from Malaysia hotspring and to observe the L-asparaginase activity produced
by the isolated strains. The effect of using different carbon and nitrogen sources in M9
medium was studied to determine the best nutrient components which enhanced enzyme
activity.
Results: The potential strains producing good L-asparaginase activity were identified as
Klebsiella pneumoniae.SK1, Cronobacter sakazaaki.SK2, Acinetobacter baumanni.SK3,
Actinobacillus capsulatus.SK4, Klebsiella oxytoca.SK5, Cronobacter sakazaaki.SK6 and
Pseudomonas resinovorans.SK7 using Biolog GEN III Microplate Identification System.
Cronobacter sakazakii.SK2 shows the highest L-asparaginase activity (0.17±0.0055 U/ml)
among others. However, Acinetobacter baumanni.SK3 was selected for further studies
because of highly pathogenic Cronobacter sp. All of the isolated bacteria are gram negative
bacteria. Most of them are rod shaped bacteria except for Acinetobacter sp. which sphere in
shape. All of them are unable to produce indole compound. Most of them show negative in
oxidase activity (except Pseudomonas sp.) and positive in reducing nitrate (except
Pseudomonas sp.) and catalase activity (except Klebsiella sp.). L-asparaginase activity was
high in presence of sucrose (0.149±0.0049 U/ml). Production medium amended with
peptone favored maximum enzyme activity (0.0725 ±0.018 U/ml).
Conclusion: Sungai Klah Hotspring is one of the potential sources of useful microbial that
can be used as a source of bioactive compound like L-asparaginase. It is recommended to
enhance or optimize the enzyme production before such new thermophilic bacterial strains
could be considered attractive sources to be used in industrial L-asparaginase production.
2 002-ipccme The Potential of Quercetin in Psidium Guajava L. Leaves Extract as Urease
Bioinhibitor for Fertilizer Application.
Nur Kamila Ramli *1, Zahid Majeed
1, Anis Suhaila Shuib
1, Nurlidia Mansor
1, Zakaria
Man 1.
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh,
Perak, Malaysia.
24
Abstract- This study was done to investigate the usage of natural products as one of the
materials in fertilizer application. Urease inhibitors that are commonly used in agriculture
are usually chemical based which affects the environment. Introducing natural products will
ensure biodegradability of the material. Psidium Guajava L. (guava) has been reported to
have properties such as antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti ulcer for medical
purposes. Guava leaves extract contains an active compound named quercetin that was
successfully reported to exhibit significant urease inhibitory activities. Spectrophotometric
method was used in this study with the theory of Beer’s Law in order to measure the
changes in ammonia concentration. Small reduction of ammonia (NH3) concentration with
different about 0.1 mol/L was calculated and the releasing was almost equal till the end of
incubation time. The guava leaves extract prepared showed the potential to reduce the
release of NH3 concentration during urea application.
3 003-ipccme Characterization of Sugar-rich extract of Oil Palm Frond as Substrate in fermentation
for Bio-butanol Production.
Abubakar Sadiq Aliyu1,3, Azhar Abdul aziz
1 , Adibah Yahya
2 and Zulkanain Abdul Lattiff
1
1Automotive Development Centre (ADC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM), 81310
Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia) 2Faculty of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM),
81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 3Department. of Mechanical Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, P.M.B 2021, Kaduna,
Nigeria
Abstract- Malaysia is known as a world’s leading producers and exporters of palm oil,
accounting for about 89% of it,s export. Palm oil industries and plantation was reported to
produce 38,256dry ktons of oil palm lignocellulosic waste which comprised 44% of oil palm
frond (OPF). The use of these biomass particularly oil palm frond (OPF) for production of
environmentally friendly bio-butanol fuel has become an attractive approach. As
fermentation substrate, Oil Palm frond liquid extract has the potential for biobutanol
production due its high sugar content and readily available during pruning and harvesting in
the plantation. The objective of the present work is to study the relative measure of the
reducing sugar concentration and also provide insight into saccharification process of oil
palm frond extract as fermentable sugar substrate towards biofuel production. The total
reducing sugar concentration in OPF extract was determined using Dinitrosalicyclic acid
(DNS) Method. The result of 40.50g/l glucose yield obtained indicate that OPF petiole
viability as a promising new fermentation feedstock for biofuel production. Hence, the
potential of fermentable sugar content of OPF extract met all the criteria as effective
fermentation substrate being renewable, readily available and free from microbial inhibition,
product formation and impurities.
4 004-ipccme Rice bran water extraction through autoclaving and sonication: Protein content and
amino acid profile
Nurul Izzah Abdul Rahim1, Noor Azian Morad*
2, Kamariah Long
3
1Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology,
54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malayisa. 2 Professor, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Centre of Lipids Engineering and Advanced
Research, Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, 54100 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia. 3 Doctor, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Biotechnology
Research Centre, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract- Rice bran is one of the co-products from rice milling process that has high protein
content among many other beneficial minerals and nutrients. Recently there are a few novel
water-based extraction methods introduced such as subcritical and hydrothermal extraction.
However simpler methods of water extract such as autoclaving and sonication can produce
comparable results. Therefore in this study, a method is introduced to extract protein from
25
raw rice bran by mixing full-fat unstabilized rice bran with water (5%, w/v) and autoclaved
at 140 °C for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. Soluble protein content and amino acid profile of the
extracts were analyzed. 60 min autoclaving time produced extract with the best soluble
protein content of 8.41 g/100g ±0.022 and the best amino acid profile with highest content
of essential and conditional amino acids, 1.64 g/100g ±0.002 and 1.40 g/100g ±0.001,
respectively .Therefore this selected extract was further treated by sonicating the rice bran-
water mixture for 5 min before or/and after the autoclaving. Based on the soluble protein
content results, combination with sonication does not improve protein extraction.
5 005-ipccme Instability and corrosiveness of different biodiesel blends upon exposure to copper
M.A. Fazal*1, N. R. Suhaila
2, A.S.M.A. Haseeb
3
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
Abstract- Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel to petroleum diesel. It becomes more
popular since it can be produced from renewable sources and has very close fuel properties
to those of diesel. However, biodiesel is comparatively more corrosive than diesel. It is auto-
oxidative in nature and thereby becomes more corrosive for automotive materials. The
present study aims to investigate the instability and corrosiveness of different biodiesel
blends upon exposure to copper. The investigated fuels are B0 (diesel), B20 (20% biodiesel
in petroleum diesel), B50 and B100 (biodiesel). Immersion test in the presence (100ppm)
and absence of additives were carried out for 600 h and 1200 h at room temperature (25-
27°C). Used additives are TBA (tert-Butylamine) and BHA (Butylated Hydroxy Anisole). At
the end of the test, corrosion of copper was examined by weight loss measurement and
changes on the metal surface. Metal surfaces were characterized by scanning electron
microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction
pattern (XRD). Fuel properties were investigated by density meter (DMA 35), and Rancimat
analysis. Results show that corrosion rate of copper in B50 and B100 increases with the
increase of immersion time. Corrosion rate of copper in B0 and B20 are very close and does
not significantly change with immersion time. BHA is found to be effective in reducing
oxidation of biodiesel, while TBA reduces the metal surface degradation.
6 007-ipccme Post-treatment of polymer membrane through chemical and physical surface
modifications- A review
Siek-Lin Yeo1, Siek-Ting Yong*
1, Abdul Wahab Mohammad
2
1 Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Discipline of Chemical Engineering,
School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar
Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 2 Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built
Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia
Abstract- Post-treatment of polymer membrane are studied as an effort in improving the
separation performance. Recently, chemical surface modifications of polymer membrane are
of great interest focuses in producing a membrane with surface property that is distinct from
the bulk of membrane. This distinct property of modified surface can potentially improve
the solubility selectivity of the membrane, while the diffusion selectivity of the membrane
bulk is maintained, forming a membrane with good physic-chemical property. However, the
surface modification methods introduced up to present still fail in producing a polymer
membrane that is ideal, without trading between selectivity and permeability. This trade-off
trend between selectivity and permeability after surface modification could be a result of
restricted accessibility between modified surface and membrane bulk. The surface
modification methods through chemical and physical processes previously studied and
26
reported are discussed in this review. The main objective of all these surface modification
techniques are to produce a membrane with high chemi-sorption and physic-sorption
properties. Surface modification with chemical processes are potentially one of the effective
way of post-treating the surface of membrane as it is able to form a surface with high
solubility selectivity while retaining the diffusion selectivity of the membrane bulk. Among
a few common chemical processes for surface modification such as grafting and cross-
linking; chain-end grafting, also named as chain-end enrichment could be an effective way
to produce a membrane with distinctly modified surface with highly permeable membrane
bulk.
7 008-ipccme The Effect of Carbon Fuel Properties and Pyrolysis Conditions on the Electrochemical
Performance of Direct Carbon Fuel Cell - A Review
Shu-Hong Lim1, Siek-Ting Yong*
1, Chien-Wei Ooi
1, Veena Doshi
2, Wan Ramli Wan Daud
3
1Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar
Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. 2Discipline of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Taylor’s University Malaysia,
No.1 Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. 3Fuel Cell Institute, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor,
Malaysia.
.
Abstract- Direct carbon fuel cell offers an efficient alternative to conventional combustion
system for electricity generation. The most attractive feature is its remarkably high overall
system efficiency. However, the implementation of this technique is restricted by the limited
solid-solid contact between the carbon fuel and electrode. This reviews discusses a sets of
chemical and physical properties of the carbon fuel that contribute to the electrochemical
performance of the fuel cell. These properties include chemical composition, surface
functional groups, graphitic structure and textural properties. Meanwhile, biomass can be
employed as a sustainable carbon fuel source after undergoing pyrolysis, a thermal
pretreatment process. It is essential to control the pyrolysis operating conditions such as the
temperature, heating rate and residence time as these conditions would affect the chemical
and physical properties of the carbon fuel, ultimately contributing to the electrochemical
performance of the fuel cell.
8 009-ipccme The effect of temperature on optoelectronic properties of combinatorially deposited tin
antimony sulphide thin films for photovoltaics
Nisar Ali *1, Rashid Ahmed **
2, Amir Uddin Shaari
3
1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai,
81310 Johor, Malaysia
Abstract- Thin film of tin antimony sulphide was synthesized combinatorially with thermal
evaporation techniques. The annealing of the film was done inside glass ampoule in the
presence of argon gas at 175°C. Ten points of different composition were selected for
characterization purpose. The XRD shows the SnSb2S4 phase for the annealed film. Many
points in the film have good absorbance and there is no transmittance below visible range.
The transmittance decreases with the increase of antimony contents. The film has good
photoconductivity and few points in the thin film are highly photoactive. The resistivity of
the film is calculated by four probe method.
9 010-ipccme BIT SELECTION USING DRILLING DATA BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL
NETWORKS
MOHAMMADSADEGH MOMENI *1, MASOUD RASHIDI
2, PRETHIPKUMAR A/L
WATALINGAM 3
1 Petroleum Engineering Department, University Teknologi Petronas Bandar Seri Iskandar,
27
31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
2,3 Petroleum Engineering Department, University Teknologi Petronas Bandar Seri
Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
Abstract- Drill bits are one of the most important parts in a drilling process. Hence, the bit
selection is a major practice in drilling process. Also, the effect of drilling bit at overall cost
is considerably high; bit selection is mentioned as an important task in planning and
designing of new wells. In order to perform this task, a back propagation ANN Model is
developed by training the model for several wells. This model is based on drilling bit
records from offset wells. In this project, two models will be developed by the usage of the
ANN. One is to find out the predicted IADC bit code and the other is to calculate Predicted
rate of penetration (ROP). Stage 1 was to find the IADC bit code by using the entire given
field data. This data includes bit size, rate of penetration, weight on bit, rate per minute,
depth, mud weight and drilling interval. The output is the Targeted IADC bit code. Stage 2 is
to find the Predicted ROP values. This time, the data is used as input in the ANN modeling
process which includes bit size, weight on bit, rate per minute, depth, mud weight and
drilling interval. The output is the rate of penetration. Thus, at the end there will be two
models that give the Predicted ROP values and Predicted IADC bit code values. The
minimum mean squared error (MSE) of 3.7 and 3.36 and coefficient of determination (R2)
of 0.94 and 0.95 was found for IADC bit codes and ROP respectively. The results indicated
that there is a good agreement between the field data and predicted values using the ANN
model.
10 011-ipccme Study of Calcination Temperature and Concentration of NaOH Effect on Cristallinity
of Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA)
Norhasyimi Rahmat *1, Mohd Alfie Sabali
1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,
Sugarcane bagasse ash is a by-product produced from bagasse burning in sugarcane
industry. SCBA contain high concentration of silica as well as aluminium. Iron and alkaline
earth oxide. In this study, an approach of ash preparation, acid washing and acid leaching
have been proposed to extract silica from different concentration of sodium hydroxide.
NaOH at 3M and 4M were prepared for silica extraction. The microstructure of silica
particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR). At 1000°C, the peaks for silica quartz appeared at multiple angle
compared to that of at 600°C. Moreover, significant intensity level difference was also
observed. However, at different concentration of sodium hydroxide used for silica extraction
had shown insignificant effect on the crystalinity level of silica quartz obtained.
11 012-ipccme Optimized Model for Gas Distribution Network
Amin Yahyazadeh1 and Mohd Amin Abd Majid
2
1 Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tronoh, Malaysia
1 Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tronoh, Malaysia
Abstract- Background: Gas is produced at locations remote from users. The gas needs to be
transported to the users, normally located in the towns and cities. The transporting of the gas
are usually done using pipe network. Since it is costly, an important issue is to optimize the
cost of transportation. This paper presents a method to optimize the natural gas network
based on linear programming. Iran's gas network was investigated in this study. There are
many gas sources in Iran which cover very large area. Objective: Zero-one programming
model was developed for this study to find the optimum gas network in Iran. The model
considers capacity of gas production sites, refining at gas distribution centers and amount of
demand by the consumers. Among the variables incorporated in the model are cost and
amount of gas to be transported to the consumers. Results: Results of the analysis indicated
that using the model the transportation cost could be reduced by approximately 15 per cent.
28
12 013-ipccme The Effect of Composition Different on the Gas Permeation properties of Tubular
membrane
N. Sazali, Zawati Harun 1Advance Materials and Manufacturing Centre (AMMC),
2Faculty of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering, (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.)
W.N.W. Salleh, A.F. Ismail, N.A.H.M. Nordin 3Advance Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC),
4Faculty of Petroleum and
Renewable Energy Engineering, (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.)
Abstract- Gas separation enhanced a main manufacturing request of membrane technology
just through the past 20 years, but the analysis of gas separation essentially started already.
For specific gas separation, carbon membrane offer an improvement in permeability and
selectivity, due to the excellent separation may be achieved even between gases with almost
similar molecular size. Carbon membranes produced from the carbonization of polymeric
materials have been reported as an effective process for gas separation due to its ability to
separate a gas mixture at any desired temperatures, up to temperature where carbon
membrane begins to deteriorate. In this study, tubular supported carbon membrane was
prepared using Matrimid 5218 as polymeric precursor. The polymer solution was coated on
the surface of ceramic tubes by using dip-coating method. In order to produce a high
performance of carbon membrane, the composition different during the carbon membrane
fabrication was studied. The polymer tubular membrane was then carbonized under Argon
atmosphere at different composition of 5wt%, 10wt%, 13wt%, 15wt%, and 18wt%. Pure gas
permeation tests were performed using CO2 and N2 at room temperature with pressure 8
bars. Based on the results, the highest CO2/ N2 selectivity of 79.69 was obtained for carbon
membrane prepared with 15wt% polymer composition. In fact, a carbon membrane with
composition of 15%wt of Matrimid has higher density compared with others. It shows that
the polymer chains formed has increased the packing density of the membranes.
13 014-ipccme Effect of Maltodextrin Concentrations at different drying temperatures on the Physical
and Drying Properties of the Spray-dried Pink Guava Powder
M.R.I. Shishir, F.S.Taip*, N.A. Aziz, R.A. Talib, M. Saifullah
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Seri Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract- Pink guava is easily perishable fruit with attractive pink color and a unique flavor.
Thus, the production of pink guava powder through spray drying is seen as a better
alternative to increase its shelf life and preserve its quality. Thus, this research investigated
the effect of different parameters on the physical and drying properties of the spray-dried
pink guava powder. The pink guava juice was spray-dried with the inlet air temperature of
150ºC to 170ºC and the carrier agent of 10% to 20% of maltodextrin was added. Although,
there was no significant interaction (MDC×T) on the physical and drying properties, all
properties were individually affected at p<0.01 by the drying temperature and MD
concentration. The most remarkable result was found in 15% of the MDC at 150ºC where
lower particle size led to the highest bulk density 492kg/m³) that was mostly desired, and the
drying rate of about at 307gm/hr increased the powder yield by 15%. In the case of color
attributes, the higher color ratio a*/b* and lower color change that indicates better color
retention than the others were found in 10% and 15% MDC at 150ºC. However, the powder
produced with 15% of MDC at 150ºC was found to be more satisfactory because of the
moderate moisture content within the target range of below 5%, the highest bulk density,
maximum production of 60% and significant color attributes.
14 015-ipccme Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Pb-Free SAC 105 and SAC 305 Solder Alloys:
A Comparative Study
M. Fayeka *1, M. A. Fazal
2, A. S. M. A. Haseeb
3
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur,
29
Malaysia 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
Abstract- The corrosion behavior of lead free tin based solder alloys such as Sn97.0Ag3.0,
Sn98.5Ag1.0Cu0.5 and Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5 was investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution by
potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray
diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the samples. The results showed that the
addition of copper with Sn-3Ag solder alloy exhibited better corrosion resistance while
lowering of Ag content decreased the resistance. The presence of tin oxyhydroxychlorides
was detected at the surface of solder alloy after polarization tests. The better corrosion
resistance of Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5 solder alloy could be ascribed to the formation of compact
and adherent corrosion product on the metal surface.
15 016-ipccme Effect of Alkaline Treated Rice Husk on the Mechanical and Morphological Properties
of Recycled HDPE/RH Composite
Mohd Hafizuddin Ab Ghani*1
, Nishata Royan Rajendran Royan2, Sem Wee Kang
3, Abu
Bakar Sulong2 and Sahrim Ahmad
1
1
Faculty of Science and Technology, The National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia 2
Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The National University of Malaysia,
43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abstract- Background: WPCs are composite materials that pose hybrid properties from
polymers and plant fibers. Currently, there are an increasing number of research studies and
developments in WPC technology involving rice husk (RH) as fillers. The poor
compatibility between hydrophilic RH and hydrophobic recycled high density polyethylene
(rHDPE) leads to reduced mechanical properties of the composite. Objective: In this study,
surface treatment on RH was investigated via alkaline treatment using sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) in order to see the effect of alkaline treatment on the mechanical and morphological
properties of rHDPE/RH composite. The composites were prepared with five different
loading contents of
RH fibers (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt %) using the twin screw extrusion method. Maleic
anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was added as a coupling agent. Results: Results for
SEM micrographs showed that treated-RH and treated RHrHDPE composites pose a
rougher surface due to the alkaline treatment and revealed good interfacial bonding between
the fiber and polymer matrix. In tensile and flexural test, 40% of treated RH loading
composite has the highest reading. However, the impact strength of the composites
decreased as the RH loading increased. This may due to the fibers interaction appeared to
block the matrix flow and result in reduced polymer’s chain motility. Conclusion: The
surface modification via alkaline treatment of RH did modify the surface properties. As a
result, improving the compatibility between hydrophilic RH and hydrophobic rHDPE thus
giving good mechanical and morphological properties of composite.
16 017-ipccme Effect of Operating Pressure on CO2 Absorption from Natural Gas in Packed
Absorption Column
Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim1,2
and Azmi Mohd Shariff *1
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri
Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia. 2 School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian
Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
30
Abstract- Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) removal from natural gas is one of the main
steps in natural gas purification which usually been conducted at high pressure conditions.
However, most CO2 absorption studies that use amine based solvents were conducted at
atmospheric pressure. Objective: This study reports the effect of operating pressure on CO2
removal from natural gas using monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent in a packed absorption
column. The effects operating pressure (0.1, 3.0 and 5.0 MPa) and comparison of liquid
flow rate (2.89 and 3.61 m3/m2.h) which conducted at 0.1 and 5.0 MPa were evaluated in
terms of CO2 removal (%). Results: The operating pressure had improved the performance
of CO2 absorption in a packed absorption column to approximately 60% CO2 removal
when the operating pressure was increased from 0.1 to 5.0 MPa. The effect of liquid flow
rate studied at different operating pressures also proved that at higher operating pressures,
the absorption of CO2 was superior compared to at lower pressure. Conclusion: The
operating pressure had a significant impact on CO2 absorption in natural gas using MEA
solvent in a packed absorption column.
17 018-ipccme Development of cobalt-niobium bimetallic catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch reaction
Mohammad Tazli Azizan *1, Mir Muhammad Sohaib
1, Noorasmawati Mohd Zabidi
2
1 Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 31750
Perak, Malaysia 2 Fundamental & Applied Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri
Iskandar 31750 Perak, Malaysia
Abstract- The synthesis, characterization and performance evaluation in Fischer-Tropsch
reaction of silica supported cobalt and niobium bimetallic catalysts prepared through the
reverse microemulsion method are discussed here. The physiochemical properties of the
catalyst were analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 physical
adsorption.. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was carried out in a fixed-bed microreactor at 493 K,
1 atm, H2:CO molar ratio of 2:1 and space velocity, SV = 20 mL/min. TEM analysis
indicated that addition of niobium changes the structure of cobalt particles from spherical to
hexagonal in structure. CO conversion for all the catalysts were between 10 -11% only. The
lowest CH4 selectivity and highest C5+ selectivity were 6.58% and 8.79% respectively as
shown by 95Co5Nb/SiO2. All sample catalyst produce high olefin content with the highest
being 88.74% (90Co10Nb/SiO2). In general all the synthesized catalysts were found to be
more suitable to make olefin rather than paraffin, which needs to be further hydrogenated for
alkane production. The low production of C5+ however is also subjected to low reaction
pressure and Nb is suitable to be the catalyst promoter instead as a bimetallic couple to Co.
18 019-ipccme Identification, characterization and extraction yield of Phenolics from Nephelium
Lappaceum leaves with phenol compounds (Gallic acid), as determined by FTIR and
UV/Vis spectroscopy for medical purpose.
Saima Khan*1, Asna M Zain
2, Thanapalan Murugesan
3
1,2,3
Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Box.31750.Seri-
Iskander. Perak, Malaysia.
Abstract- Background: Currently bioactive principles of plants and their nano-products
have been extensively studied for medicinal use. Current study discusses the phenolic
compound extracted from N.Lappaceum leaves four solvents in methanol, ethanol,
isopropanol and acetone. Method: UV/Vis spectrophotometer and FTIR spectroscopy
technique is used to identify the extracted phenolic compound from N.Lappaceum leaves.
The finger print region was recorded (500-4000 cm-1) for each extract and functional
groups were matched with GA standard. Objective: To investigate the extracted phenolic
compound from N.Lappaceum leaves and compare with pure GA by UV/Vis
spectrophotometer and characterization by FTIR spectroscopy and TGA method. Results:
The highest yield of GA was recorded in ethanol at 270 nm rich in polar molecules than
other solvents. The moisture content (%) in N.Lappaceum leaves 51.24 was recorded. The
phenolic compound (GA) was determined by FTIR from E1. 865.94, 1234.74, 1386.12,
31
1541.25, 1714.22, 2669.36, 3043.51, 3281.96, and 3495.9778cm-1 followed in M1, IP1 and
AC1. TGA showed 96.6% weight loss of NL leaves at 700OC which indicates the complete
combustion. Conclusion: FTIR is a useful method to investigate the phenolic compound
from N.Lappaceum leaves and composition of different solvent extract. GA (GA) has
therapeutic application in hypertension and inflammatory diseases. Because of its
pharmacological application isolation of active compound GA is essential for the treatment
of Type 2 diabetes.
19 020-ipccme Synthesis Of Chemically Modified Silica Gel With Amidoxime And Its Adsorption
Performance For The Removal Of Copper(II) And Lead(II) From Aqueous Phase
Eddy M.F.M. Yusslee*1, M.R. Lutfor
2, N.H. Dahon
3, Sazmal E. Arshad
4
1,3
Preparatory Centre for Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota
Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. 2 Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300
Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 4 Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota
Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Abstract- Chemically modified silica gel with amidoxime groups was synthesized by
silanization with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by addition of
acrylonitrile (AN) monomer to produce acrylonitrile modified silica (AN-SiO2). The
product undergoes amidoximation reaction after been treated with alkaline hydroxylamine
hydrochloride solution to produce amidoxime modified silica (Ami-SiO2). The final product
was used as an adsorbent for copper(II) and lead(II) metal ions removal. All the structures of
adsorbent and intermediate were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and elemental analysis to
justify the presence of organic groups during and after modification. The optimum
conditions for the removal of both metals at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L were at pH6
and 2 hours of contact time. The removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ by Ami-SiO2 was substantially
higher compared to its unmodified form. The sorption capacities of metal ions by Ami-SiO2
were pH-dependent, and the selectivity of the adsorbent towards Cu2+ was higher compared
to Pb2+. The rate of exchange was rapid, which was t1/2 < 10 min for both of Cu2+ and
Pb2+.
20 021-ipccme The effect of Sawdust loading as natural short fiber on NBR/NRL-G compounds
Dahham O.S*1a
, N.Z. Noriman1, 2b
, A. W. Mohd Kahar1c
, H. Ismail3c
, S.T. Sam4d
1Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), School of
Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi
2, 02600 Arau, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Engineering Technology (FETech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP),
Engineering Centre and Innovasion, 1st Floor, Admistration Building Pauh Putra Main
Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. 3 School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong
Tebal, 14300 Penang, Malaysia 4School of bioprocess engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kompleks
Pengajian Jejawi1, 02600 Arau, Malaysia
Abstract- In this study, sawdust (SD) has used as a short natural fiber to reinforce
acrylonitrile butadiene rubber / recycled natural latex glove (NBR/NRL-G) compound.
Sawdust fiber (SD) has been grinded and screened to form (300µm-700µm) size. Different
loading of (SD) (5,10,15 and 20 phr) has been used and prepared by two-roll mill machine at
room temperature. Several tests were used to study characteristics and properties of this
compound. The testing such as cure characteristics, morphology, tensile and physical
properties are determined. The scorch time (ts2), cure times (t90), minimum torque (ML)
and the maximum torque (MH) of NBR/NRL-G/SD increased with increasing of the
sawdust content in the compound. This was contributed to the increase the time for
crosslinking initiation and increases the adhesion bonding between matrix and filler. The
32
5phr loading of (SD) which filled the NBR/NRL-G compound was the higher tensile
properties than other (SD) loading.
21 022-ipccme Comparison of Acid Hydrolysis and Combination System Method for Production of
Xylose from Meranti Wood Sawdust (MWS)
M.I Suharti 1, A.M. Mimi Sakinah
*2
1 Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang
Darul Makmur
2 Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang D
arul Makmur
Abstract- Background: Meranti wood sawdust (MWS) is a liglocellulosic materials that
contains of three main components of polymer which are cellulose, hemicellulose and
lignin. It is consist of > 29% of xylan that made up from pentose sugar xylose. Objective: To
compare the production of xylose from Meranti wood sawdust (MWS) by using chemical
method and combination system method (physical and biological process). Results:
Chemical process shows much faster reaction time in order higher xylose production than
combination system method, but the production of byproduct (furfural) is main
disadvantages in chemical process. The maximum yield obtained were 14.13 g/l and 13.60
g/g using 40 minutes acid hydrolysis and 1455 minutes reaction period in combination
system method respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained from the present study clearly
indicate that the potential utilization of MWS by using both method for the production of
xylose which can serve as functional food ingredients such as xylitol.
22 023-ipccme Effect of SDS Concentration on the Thermal Property and Performance of Low
Pressure Active Reverse Osmosis (LP-ARO) Membrane for Brackish and Seawater
Desalination
Nurul Syuhada Mohd Ali 1, Abdul Rahman Hassan *
1, Rosli Mohd Yunus
2
1 Industrial Membrane Technology Lab (IMTL), Department of Industrial Chemical
Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Science University of Malaysia
(USIM), 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources
Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang,
Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Abstract- This study reported the preparation of newly low pressure active reverse osmosis
(LP-ARO) membrane by phase inversion technique. The effect of different concentration of
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) surfactant on thermal property and performance of LP-
ARO membrane were determined. Using brackish and seawater as samples, the membrane
performance was evaluated in terms of PWP, flux and salt rejection. Experimental data
revealed that 2.0 wt. % of SDS was found to be the optimum concentration for the
production of LP-ARO membrane with good thermal property and high performance of
brackish and seawater desalination.
23 024-ipccme Synthesis and Absorption Study of Polystyrene-graft-Poly(acrylic acid)/Hectorite
Superabsorbent Polymer Composite
Nurul Fasiha Deraman *1
, Nur Raihan Mohamed *2
, Nadras Othman 3
1 Division of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
2 Division of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
3 Division of Polymer Engineering, School of Materials & Mineral resources Engineering,
USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang,
Malaysia
33
Abstract- A novel of Superabsorbent Polymer Composite (SAPC) was synthesized through
emulsion polymerization technique based on partially neutralized acrylic acid (AA) grafted
onto waste polystyrene foam using N,N’-Methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) and Ammonium
Persulphate (APS) , as crosslinker and initiator respectively. The purpose of this study is to
prepare a superabsorbent polymer hydrogel composite using hectorite clay as the
reinforcement and also to study the effect of incorporation of hectorite clay on water uptake
capacity .Swelling studies were carried out in distilled water and saline water. Besides,
SAPC was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) .The FTIR results
confirmed that the grafting polymerization took place among the polystyrene, acrylic acid
and hectorite clay. Then, the introduction of hectorite particles in the superabsorbent
polymer increased the water absorbency.Superabsorbent composite containing 6 wt %
hectorite has the highest water absorbency (65.34 g/g in distilled water and 21.3 g/g in 1.0
wt % NaCl solution).
24 025-ipccme Fabrication of SAPO-34 and Silane-modified SAPO-34/Polyimide Mixed Matrix
Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation
Lin Kiat Chua 1, Norwahyu Jusoh
2, Yin Fong Yeong *
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri
Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
Abstract- Background: Natural gas has emerged as one of the important constituents of the
world’s supply of energy. Increasing demand of natural gas pushes the industry to
vigorously separate impurities including CO2 in order to produce high quality of natural gas.
Recently, membrane separation has become a promising technology in CO2 removal.
Objective: In the present research, a series of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were
fabricated. Different compositions of SAPO-34 and SAPO-34 modified with (3-
aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) were incorporated into 6FDA-durene polyimide. The
synthesized SAPO-34 and silane-modified SAPO-34 were characterized by using Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the resultant MMMs were characterized by
using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The
CO2/CH4 separation performances of the membranes were also tested. Results: The
morphology of the silane-modified SAPO-34/6FDA-durene MMMs showed the
improvement on the compatibility between the polymeric and inorganic phases. EDX results
showed that the inorganic SAPO-34 particles were evenly distributed in the polymer matrix
and no sign of agglomeration. However, all MMMs showed lower separation performance
compared to pure 6FDA-durene membrane. Conclusion: The reduction of separation
performance could be due to the rigidification of polymer matrix.
25 026-ipccme New Method for Novolac Type Liquefied Coconut Coir Husk Lignin/ Phenol/
Formaldehyde Resin
Nur Amirah Abd Ghani*1,a
, Nur Izzati Zakaria1, Dalina Samsudin
1, Nor Mazlina Abdul
Wahab1, Noor Aishatun Majid
1, Rusli Daik
2 and Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak
1
1
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 02600 Arau, Perlis,
Malaysia 2School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),
43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract- Novolac type resin was prepared by two stage liquefaction process of coconut
coir husk (CCH) in phenol using sulphuric acid as catalyst. The result showed the yield
percentage of lignin in CCH through extraction process is 44 %. The effect of different
concentration of CCH (3, 5, and 7 %) on the amount of free phenol and phenol conversion
were studied. Phenolated CCH i.e product of first stage was analyzed with High
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to identify the amount of free phenol and
phenol conversion. The calculated free phenol in conventional novolac resin shows the
34
lowest percentage i.e 0.39 %, while Phenolated CCH at 3, 5 and 7 % shows 5.49, 4.78 and
4.71 % of free phenol, respectively. However, for phenol conversion, conventional novolac
resin shows the highest percentage i.e 99.61 % as compared to 94.51, 95.22 and 95.28 % in
3, 5 and 7 % CCH, respectively. The HPLC results indicate the amount of free phenol and
phenol conversion was optimum at 7% phenol to CCH. Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis has been done on the Resinified Phenolated CCH, a product
of second stage to identify the functional group present in the structure. FTIR spectrum
shows that at different concentration of CCH, there are similar main peaks to that of the
conventional novolac resin. Hence, it can be suggested that 7 % of CCH is the most suitable
concentration because lignin of CCH could partially substitute phenol in novolac resin
synthesis.
26 027-ipccme Effectiveness of Benzyl Triethylammonium Chloride for Corrosion Control on Carbon
Steel
Mohd Nazri Idris *1, 2
, Abdul Razak Daud 1, Norinsan Kamil Othman
1
1 School of Applied Physic, Faculty of Science and technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43500 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia 2 School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang
Abstract- Corrosion prevention by organic inhibitor was providing worldwide interest in
order to manage and minimize the corrosion menace. This is due to the ability of this
organic inhibitor to adsorb onto the metal surface and forms a thin film to give protection
and a barrier for metal surface from corrosive species. Among this type of inhibitor, organic
compounds containing element such as sulfur, oxygen, phosphorus and nitrogen are the most
effective. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of benzyl triethylammonium
chloride (BTC) as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in sulfuric acid medium. This study
was carried out by weight loss method and surface morphology. The result revealed that the
inhibition efficiency of this inhibitor increases up to 60% with the increment of its
concentration but vice versa with temperature. This result was also proven by scanning
electron microscope. The prevention mode of this inhibitor is found to follow Freundlich
adsorption isotherm and the adsorption process obeying physisorption mechanism. Based on
these analyses, it is concluded that BTC is potentially being used to prevent carbon steel in
sulfuric acid medium.
27 028-ipccme Resistance in Series Model for Ultrafiltration Xylose Reductase from Product mixtures
B. Noor Suzana 1, A.M. Mimi Sakinah *1
1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia
Abstract- This study investigates the fouling mechanism in ultrafiltration membrane during
separation of xylose reductase from product mixtures. The Resistance – In – Series Model
was used in order to identify the responsible hydraulic resistance. The resistance against the
flux was assumed to be comprised as membrane hydraulic, adsorption, pore pugging and
fouling resistance. The profile of total resistance and corresponding flux decline were
calculated and compared with the experimental data. The result showed that adsorption
resistance (Rad) was the main contributed the rate of flux decline. Moreover the significant
organic fouling that contribute during xylose reductase separation revealed that the fouling
potential was Rad > Rpp > RF. The measure flux recovery of filtration xylose reductase was
93%.
28 029-ipccme Isolation of Antioxidant Compound by TLC-based Approach from Limau Kasturi
(Citrus macrocarpa) Peels Extract
Rubiatul, A. S.,*1
Nor Helya, I. K.,2 Dachyar, A.,
3 Nurul Ain, H. A.
4
35
1,3School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Jejawi 3
Engineering Complex, 02800 Arau, Perlis 2,4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Technology Faculty,
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02100 Padang Besar, Perlis
Abstract- This work reports a study on isolation of phenolic compound extraction from the
peel of limau kasturi by screening using different solvent extracts for antioxidant activity.
The availability of phenolic compounds in limau kasturi peels as a source of antioxidant is
important for the protection of DNA from cancer-causing damage. In this research, the crude
extract of limau kasturi was separated using analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC).
The solvents applied TLC developing systems were also tested. The extracted compounds
were tested for their potential antioxidant activity using TLC-bioautography method. The
mobile phase used in this experiment was a combination of polar and non-polar solvents
such as ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, chloroform, methanol, acetone, hexane and water at
different ratios. While for the selection of the best solvent crude extract, methanol, ethanol,
acetone, hexane and water extract were tested. The active compound was identified by
comparing its colour and Rf (retention factor) value with rutin standard. The results
concluded that ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane were the best mobile phase system in this
assay with ratio of 5:1:2. In fact, for the best solvent extract, methanol was showed high Rf
value, antioxidant activity, and TPC with value of 0.669, 82.18 %, and 69.41 mg GAE/g
DW, respectively. Thus, methanol was chosen as the favorable solvent for the antioxidant
compound extraction.
29 030-ipccme Microbial Corrosion of Carbon Steel by Tropical Environment Consortium Bacteria
containing SRB
Nur Akma Mahat 1, Norinsan Kamil Othman
*1, Fathul Karim Sahrani
2, Mohd Nazri Idris
1,3
1 School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2
School of Environment and Natural Resources Science, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 3School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
Abstract- There are various cases involving microbiology influenced corrosion (MIC) that
responsible for corrosion problems, especially in oil and gas industry. Sulphate reducing
bacteria (SRB) that implicated in MIC mechanisms, was contributing as a main problem for
localized corrosion. The aim of this paper is to study the effects of consortium bacteria
containing SRB (C-SRB) from tropical environment on microbial corrosion of carbon steel.
The analyses were carried out by using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization
methods. Surface morphology on carbon steel surface and biofilm formation from this C-
SRB activities were characterized by variable pressure scanning electron microscopy
(VPSEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results from both weight loss
and potentiodynamic polarization methods confirmed that the corrosion rate of carbon steel,
which is inoculated with CSRB is higher than free C-SRB in same VMNI medium used. C-
SRB had seen to effect the carbon steel surface due to its metabolism activities at a
particular period of time and this activities was confirmed by morphology analysis
(VPSEM) and EDX. Based on this study it is concluded that C-SRB actively involved as
microbial corrosion on carbon steel surface due to its nature metabolism activities.
30 031-ipccme The Effect of Magnetic Field on Corrosion Inhibitor of Copper in 0.5M NaCl Solution
Ling Yuen Ang 1, Norinsan Kamil Othman
*1, Azman Jalar
1 and Ismayadi Ismail
2
1
School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 2
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology
(ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
36
Abstract- The effect of magnetic field on corrosion of metals had been studied by many
studies, but so far not many researches had been done on the effect on corrosion inhibitor. In
this paper, we studied the effect of magnetic field on the inhibition efficiency of imidazole
when it’s added to copper in 0.5M NaCl. Based on weight loss test and electrochemical
analysis, we found that imidazole inhibition efficiency had decreased when a 13mT
magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the working surface of copper samples. It is
suggested that magnetic field may have disturbed the adsorption of imidazole via
magnetohydradynamic effect.
31 032-ipccme Electrodeposition of CoNiFe alloy thin films in a sulfate solution
Ismail Hanafi *1, Abdul Razak Daud
1, Shahidan Radiman
1
1 School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43500 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
Abstract- The aim of this study was to synthesize the ternary CoNiFe alloy thin films by
electrodeposition technique at different potentials in a sulfate solution. The CoNiFe alloy
thin films were electrodeposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. Voltammetric studies
indicated potential region for deposition of cobalt, nickel and iron lied in range of -1.10 V to
-1.30 V. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated that Ni content of the films
significantly increased, whereas the Co and Fe content decreased as the electrodeposition
potentials were made more negative values. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study
showed the electrodeposition occurred uniformly. Hysteresis curves of the ternary alloy film
obtained from vibrating sample magnetometer results proved to be ferromagnetic.
32 033-ipccme Empirical modeling study in predicting temperature profile within the convective oven
Nur Syafikah Shahapuzi 1, Farah Saleena Taip*
2, Norashikin Ab Aziz
1 and Anvarjon
Ahmedov 1
1Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract- Baking process is an important unit operation in the food industry. A good
understanding on the dynamic behavior during baking process is important to ensure proper
control. This study aims to develop the empirical model of the cake baking process using
laboratory scale convection oven. Set point temperature was chosen as the manipulated
variable and actual oven temperature was the controlled variable. No disturbance was
considered in this process. Empirical model is developed by applying step change in the set
point temperature. The model is represented using second order plus time delay (SOPTD).
By increasing the operating temperature, there is a significantly decreases of process gain of
the system and the damping coefficient, and a significantly increases of natural damping
coefficient and time delay. The developed model fits well with the validated data, R2 > 0.9.
33 034-ipccme THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TREATED CHARCOAL DEVELOP FROM
OPEFB FOR PHENOLIC COMPOUND REMOVAL
R. Hitam*1,2
, H. Hassan2, A. Zakaria
1,3 and A. Y. M. Shakaff
1,3
1 Centre of Excellence of Advance Sensor Technology (CEASTech), Pusat Pengajian Jejawi
2, Taman Muhibbah, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. 2 School of Bioprocess Engineering, Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, Universiti Malaysia Perlis
(UniMAP), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. 3 School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kampus Alam
UniMAP, Pauh Putra , 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
Abstract- Background: Treated charcoals derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch
(OPEFB) were investigated to find the suitability of its application for removal of phenolic
37
compound in aqueous solution through adsorption process. For the production of treated
charcoals, the type of treatment used is chemical activation by using two dehydrating agents
which are potassium hydroxide (KOH) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). A control (untreated
OPEFB) was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the treated charcoals produced
from the process. Objective: The characteristics of the treated charcoals were determined by
using SEM, FTIR and BET. Results: The analysis of SEM show H3PO4 treated charcoal
have very clear pores before the adsorption and the pores is occupied by phenolic compound
molecules after the adsorption. The FTIR analysis indicated the presence of C-H bond and
N-H bond in all adsorbents while BET analysis found the H3PO4 treated charcoal have the
largest surface area compared to the other charcoals. Conclusion: The H3PO4 treated
charcoal is the best charcoal in removing the phenolic compound.
34 035-ipccme EFFECT OF ADIPIC ACID COMPOSITION ON STRUCTURAL AND
CONDUCTIVITY SOLID BIOPOLYMER ELECTROLYTES BASED ON
CARBOXY METHYLCELLULOSE STUDIES
M.L.H Rozali1 , N.H Ahmad
1, M.I.N. Isa
1, 2*
1Advanced Materials Research Group, School of Fundamental Science,
*Center of Corporate Communication and Image Development,Universiti Malaysia Terengg
anu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Abstract- Solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) based on carboxy methylcellulose (CMC)
has been prepared by doping different concentration of Adipic acid (AA) via solution casting
technique. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the interaction
between the host and ionic dopant. New peaks were observed at at 1714 and 1261 cm-1at
AA-5. It also can observe that 5 peaks intensity have become decrease. XRD analysis was
shown the CMC-AA was the amorphous solution.The highest ionic conductivity achieved at
room temperature is 6.12 x 10-7 S cm-1 for CMC incorporated with 5 wt. % AA. In
addition, the temperature dependence of the SBEs exhibit Arrhenius behavior. That the
activation energy of relaxation is lower than the activation energy of conduction implies that
the charge carrier has to overcome the higher energy barrier during conducting.
35 036-ipccme Color and Volume Development of Cake Baking and Its Influence on Cake Qualities
Ramadhatul Akmal Mohamad *1, Farah Saleena Taip *
1, Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal
1, Siti
Khairunniza Bejo 2
1
Department of Food and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra
Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract- Baking is the last but most important step in cake making procedure because it
involves moisture content, texture, browning and volume changes that are strongly coupled.
The final bakery product properties are not only affected by the ingredients but also by
processing conditions. Volume and browning changesing were observed at three different
temperatures, namely 160°C, 170°C, and 180°C, for different baking times. namely 35, 40,
45, and 55 minutes, by using convection oven and its relationship with texture and water
evaporation during baking process. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect
and the relationship of different baking parameters to the cake qualities during baking
process. The results show that the total colour difference, ΔE, and volume expansion rapidly
changeds due to the rise in temperature of cake and has a positive relationship with
cakes’the firmness and the moisture loss. The data also demonstrated that the browning and
volume expansion were more significant to the baking temperature (P < 0.001) than baking
times.
36 037-ipccme Microstructural Characterizations and Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welding
Technique of Dissimilar (Al-Cu) Sheets
38
H. I. Dawood1,2
, Kahtan S. Mohammed1, Azmi Rahmat
1, M. B. Uday
3
1Universiti Malaysia Perlis, School of Materials Engineering, Taman Muhibah-Jejawi-Arau
02600 Perlis, Malaysia 2Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of AL-Qadisiya,
88 Qadisiya, Iraq 3UTM - Centre for Low Carbon Transport in cooperation with Imperial College London, Tr
ansportation Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malay
sia
Abstract- In this study, dissimilar sheets of commercially available pure aluminium and
copper, were butt joined by friction stir welding (FSW) with a thickness of 3mm to explore
the effect of tool rotational speeds on microstructures and mechanical properties
experimentally. Three rotational speeds of 1000, 1750 and 2000 rpm were applied. The
transverse speed and the axial force were kept constant at 30 mm/min and 7.5 KN,
respectively. The cylindrical shoulder and conical pin tool was used to produce the joints.
Macrostructures, microstructures, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers microhardness and
tensile strength were investigated at these different rotational speeds. The joint welded at
1750 rpm was compared with their counterparts and observed significantly better. The
formation of relatively hard brittle intermetallic compounds (Al2Cu and Al4Cu9) were
observed with the joint fabricated at rotational speed of 2000 rpm. The results of
microhardness (HV) at the nugget zone (NZ) were superior to those of thermomechanically
affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zones (HAZ) and the base metal (BM). At the
rotational speed of 1750 rpm, the tensile strength was higher than other joints. The
examination of fractural surface showed that when the dissimilar joints were affected with
increasing rotational speeds or heat input; the fracture mode had a tendency to change from
ductile to brittle mode.
37 038-ipccme Effects of Annealing Temperature on the Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Tin Dioxid
e Thin Films
Imad H. Kadhim *1, 2
and H. Abu Hassan1
1 Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Physics, Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Techno
logy Laboratory, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. 2Ministry of Education, Iraq-Baghdad
Abstract- Annealing temperature is one of the key parameters, which affect on the
characteristics of nanocrystalline SnO2 thin films. Nanocrystalline tin dioxide thin films
have been successfully prepared using sol-gel spin coating method. The prepared SnO2 thin
films were characterized via X-rays diffraction, field-emission scanning electron
microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The crystallization of SnO2 thin films obtained after
annealing at 400 oC is a nanocrystalline tetragonal rutile structure. Annealing at 400 to
600 °C, the crystallite size will be increased from 8.30 to 33.20 nm and enhanced
crystallinity. Moreover, it was also found both of the intensities and a blue shift of A1g
phonon mode peak were increased at high annealing temperatures. These results indicated
that the thin films annealed at 500 °C are a good candidate for fabrication of high quality
nanocrystalline SnO2 thin films in order to avoid agglomerations, which could be useful for
various applications especially in gas sensing.
No Paper ID Presenter
1 001-ipcit Recognizing the Important Requirements To Be Incorporated In the Green Building
Rating Tools
Muhamad Hafizi bin Mohd Thahrir *1, Ismail bin Abdul Rahman
2, Abdul Zaki bin Abd
Wahid 3
1,2,3
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Batu Pahat, 86400, Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia
40
atoms were substituted into the framework of the SBA-15. Series of N2O decomposition
experiments were carried out using the catalysts. Cu/SBA-15 samples prepared by pH
adjustment method showed higher catalytic activity than Cu-SBA-15 samples prepared by
impregnation method.
4
43
1Advanced Materials Research Group, School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Tereng
44
Abstract- Background: The assay of biological samples is the preferred method for
monitoring the internal exposure of toxicological contaminants in human body. Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of Pb, Ni and Cd in
biological samples of Southern Iraqi cancer patients. Urine and soft tissue samples were
taken from two groups of male and female participants: the cancer patients group and
healthy group. The biological samples of the cancer patients group and healthy group were
collected from three key Southern Iraqi governorates, namely: Basrah, Muthanna and Dhi-
Qar. These governorates were centres of intensive military activities during the Gulf wars.
Results: The levels of toxic elements (Pb, Ni and Cd) in urine samples of the cancer patients
group are 0.435, 0.217 and 0.115 mg/l, respectively. Concentrations of (Pb, Ni and Cd) in
kidney tissues of the cancer patients group are 2.21, 1.28 and 13.25 mg/l, respectively.
Whilst the levels of the corresponding elements in breast tissue samples of the cancer
patients group are 1.65, 1.03 and 0.68 mg/l, respectively. Conclusion: The results show that
the levels of toxic elements in biological samples of the cancer patients group are
significantly higher than those of the healthy group. These findings indicate an association
between the contaminants of toxic elements in Southern Iraqi regions and the cancerous
illnesses of these patients.
10 010-ipcpms Ionic Conductivity and Structural Analysis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Doped With
Ammonium Fluoride as Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes
M.A. Ramlli1, K.H. Kamarudin
1 and M.I.N. Isa
1,2,*
1 Advanced Materials Research Group, School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. 2
Research Management Centre, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu,
Terengganu, Malaysia
Abstract- In the present work, a series of solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) from
carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) doped with ammonium fluoride (NH4F) (0 - 13 wt. %) was
successfully prepared by solution cast technique. SBE sample containing 9 wt.% NH4F was
found to exhibit the highest ionic conductivity of 2.68 x 10-7 Scm-1 at ambient temperature.
XRD analysis revealed that the SBE samples containing NH4F salt to be semi-crystalline in
nature. FTIR spectra showed that the interaction between CMC and NH4F has occurred in
the polymer-salt system and the CMC-NH4F SBE system was a proton conductor.
No Paper ID Presenter
1 001-npcb Determinants of Malaysian Bond Ratings
M. Hafiz Ali *1, M. H. Yahya
2, N. A. Rahim
3
1 Putra Business School, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2 Fakulti Ekonomi dan Pengurusan, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia.
3 Fakulti Ekonomi dan Pengurusan, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract- This paper seeks to investigate the determinants of Malaysian bond ratings. Bond
has become Malaysia’s leading source of fund. The failures of credit rating agencies are no
stranger to world’s financial market. They are blamed for the slow responses during Asian
financial crisis and bankruptcy cases of large corporations. Moreover, the presence of
information asymmetry problem in the market has complicate credit rating agencies and
external stakeholders to correctly assess the true value of the firm and its probability of
default. Hence, this paper provides a new and adequate model that takes into account
various risk factors to further understands the factors that affect firms’ creditworthiness. This
model could reduce investors’ over-reliance on credit ratings, information asymmetry
problems and become a substitute of the current credit ratings model. This paper specific
objective is to investigate which risk factors are the best determinants of bond ratings. The
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final sample includes a total of 175 fixed-rated bond issuances from 37 corporate listed
firms between the years 2005 to 2013. Multinomial logistic regression is used in
investigating the relationships. The study finds that there is a significant relationship
between risk factors and bond ratings, where firm’s risk factor alone is enough to explain
higher rated bonds, while the other two risk factors are only significant in determining bonds
with lower ratings. Moreover, robustness check finds that the model has 91.67%
classification accuracy, with a total of only 10 wrongly classified observations out of 120
total observations.
2 002-npcb A Proposed Framework for Integrating Religious Based Nonprofit Organizations into
the Mainstream Economy: A Case Study of Zakat Institutions in Malaysia
Nur Zehan Khairi1,1Nor Azizah Mohammad Amin 2, Abd Halim Mohd Noor 3, Norida Abu
Bakar 4
1 MSc Candidate, Universiti Teknologi MARA
2 Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA
3Accounting Research Institute & Zakat Research Institute of Malaysia, Universiti Teknologi
MARA 4 Faculty of Business of Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Abstract- Zakat is a potent tool in economic growth whereby zakat acts as a poverty
eradication instrument, income redistributive device and a stabilization mechanism. Zakat is
also recognized as a pioneer instrument of the world welfare system in human history. Zakat
institutions play an important role as a supplement to the government's effort in eradicating
poverty. Despite its significant role in the economy, zakat institutions in Malaysia have not
yet reached their full potential. Zakat institutions have undergone several developments to
improve their performance among others is through corporatization of collection and
distribution units. This contributes to the integration of zakat into the mainstream economy.
This study introduces three phases of zakat institutions integration namely, minor
integration, partial integration and full integration. These phases are identified from several
significant indicators that occurred in zakat institutions. The indicators identify the past,
current and possible future evolution of zakat institutions integration into the mainstream
economy. This study proposes a framework for integrating zakat institutions that represent
religious based Nonprofit Organizations into the mainstream economy.
3 004-npcb REALISTIC AGENDAS FOR FUTURE OF E-GOVERNMENT
IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA
Siti Nur Illani Abd Hamid1 Abd Rahim Romle, PhD
2, Mohd Hafiz Mansor
3
1 Siti Nur Illani Abd Hamid, School of Government, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010
Sintok Kedah, Malaysia. 2 Abd Rahim Romle, PhD., School of Government, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok
Kedah, Malaysia. 3Mohd Hafiz Mansor, School of Government, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok
Kedah, Malaysia.
Abstract- In line with the development of functional diversity in providing services to the
community, the government has applied the use of ICT in the public sector to improve the
capacity and quality of public sector services. The phenomenon of e-government is not only
able to change the way public sector service delivery, but also a similar change pattern in
electronic government and the community. Through the services provided, the community
can take full advantage of using e-government. Along with the development of electronic
government, various attempts have been made to encourage people to use this application.
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Unfortunately, the number of Malaysians consumer use electronic government applications
is still not achieving the optimum level of usage. Although efficient service innovation is
seen, but the efficiency depends on its acceptance among people. Use of this innovation on a
large scale is very important so that the electronic government policy objectives will be
achieved. For that reason, this research seeks to determine the effectiveness of the
application of e-government at the local level in the Municipal Council Seberang Perai
(MPSP), Penang, Malaysia. The study involved users of services to be provided
electronically in MPSP. This research has been made by using mixed methods, quantitative
and qualitative in studying the effectiveness of e-government implementation. From this
study, the researchers aim that e-government system being used optimally by society and
civil servants, but improvement is needed to rectify the effectiveness of this system in local
government administration which is the Municipal Council Seberang Perai (MPSP).
4 007-npcb FACING THE DILEMMAS ON VOTING BEHAVIOR AMONGST YOUTH IN
MALAYSIA ELECTION
Mohd Hafiz Mansor1, Abd Rahim Romle,PhD
2, Siti Nur illani Abd Hamid
3
1Mohd Hafiz Mansor, School of Government, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok
Kedah, Malaysia.
2 Abd. Rahim Romle, PhD., School of Government, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok
Kedah, Malaysia. 3Siti Nur Illani Abd Hamid, School of Government, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010
Sintok Kedah, Malaysia.
Abstract- Youth involvement is the main key to support the needs of human resources in the
development of the national economy. Youth generations also have a high potential to
contribute positively to themselves, their families and the community. Furthermore, youth
involvement is not only important in generating economic growth alone, but their services
also are needed in an increasingly complex political field. Through participation in the
political arena, the youth will be exposed to management and leadership skills. Moreover,
the involvement of youth in politics is a major issue in Malaysia as a developed country
because of the issue of youth participation in the political arena is also getting special
attention and debated in advanced countries. It was caused by youths aged between 15 and
24 years less clear about their interests and participation in the political system. In brief,
such a scenario would have a significant impact on political developments if youth is not
involved in the political party and elections. Thus, this study attempts to identify the extent
to which the youth voting behavior in Malaysia election.
5 010-npcb SMEs Performance: Does Intellectual Capital Matter?
Salwa Muda 1, Mara Ridhuan Che Abdul Rahman
2
1Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 72000 Kuala Pilah,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract- The transition from the traditional form of a production-based economy to a
knowledge-based economy due to the changes in the global business environment leads to
the recognition of intangible resources in value creation. As major components of
intellectual capital, human capital, structural capital and relational capital are believed to
critically contribute to the competitive advantage and superior performance of firms in
different sectors and sizes. In SMEs, intellectual capital resources must be efficiently
strategized and managed in order to enhance the performance, simultaneously serve their
role as a major driver of nation economic growth and wealth creation. The uniqueness of the
characteristics of SMEs lead to the differences in intellectual capital management as oppose
to their larger counterparts. Thus, this conceptual paper will highlight the importance of
intellectual capital management on the performances of Malaysian SMEs. This conceptual
paper is hoped to provide SMEs’ managers with the insights of intellectual capital
management, which might enhance firm performance in this challenging modern business
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environment.