GUJARAT ENERGY RESEARCHAND MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE

PETROLEUM ReseaRch

Wing

GERMI is a registered Society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 and a Trust under the Bombay Public Trust Act, 1950

GERMI is a recognized by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Government of India, as Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (SIRO).

GERMI is a Schedule-I environment Auditor recognized by the Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) and an Energy Auditor Consultant recognized by the Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA)

GERMI has been approved by the central government as ‘Scientific Research Association’ under section 35 (1) (ii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

An autonomous body promoted by Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation (GSPC) Ltd., a Govt. of Gujarat undertaking.

About gERMiThe Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute (GERMI), an ISO 9001:2008 certified organization, is a Center for Excellence in industry learning and has been set up to develop human resource assets to cater to both renewable and non-renewable energy sector, improve knowledge base of policy marker and technologist and provide a competitive edge to leaders to compete in the global arena.

GREMI’s main mandates are Higher Education, Research & Development, Consultancy and Training. GERMI has initiated higher education through its Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University (PDPU). The University offers pro-grams to address the need for trained human resources in the do-mains of Science, Technology, Management and Humanities.

GERMI has also initiated Indian Institute of Information Technology -IIIT-Vadodara under PPP mode along with TCS, GSFC to promote computer science and IT sector.

GERMI carries out Research and Development activities through GERMI Research, Innovation and Incubation Center (GRIIC). This R&D Center has three research wings to encompass the major facets of energy. They are Petroleum Research Wing, Solar & Renewable Energy Research Wing and Environment and Energy Efficiency Research Wing.

• R&D• ADvisoRy• TRAining• ConsulTAnCy

CAPACiTy

• PeRsonAlizeD• ResulT-oRienTeD• CommuniTy

RelATionshiP

• AuThenTiC• ReliAble • PRACTiCAl

RefleCTion

• young• innovATive• DRiven• inTelleCTuAl

PeRsonAliTy

• inDiAn• eThiCAl• TRAnsPARenT

CulTuRe

• leADeRs• KnowleDge, AwAReness• emPoweRing

AsPiRATion

The mission of Petroleum Research Wing is to serve as a center of excellence in Research and Development of increasingly efficient and well adapted technologies to extract, upgrade, manage and

commercialize the oil and gas resources and economic impacts of their production and use.

Petroleum Research Wing (PRW) has two major groups:

To provide expert integration and consulting services for the entire gamut of Exploration activities including Acquisition, Processing, Reprocessing, Basin Modeling, Structural/stratigraphic interpretation, prospect generation, derisking, geological and

geochemical lab services, Well site Monitoring and core analysis

To reduce risk and uncertainties in Exploration by integrated exploration approach

To provide technical support/ advisory/ consultancy to clients involved in Exploration for Oil and Gas

To provide training to young Geo scientists in various aspects of Oil & Gas Exploration

To provide Internship program for students of Indian universities

To offer E-Learning courses in Petroleum Exploration

objeCTives

geRmi’s PeTRoleum ReseARCh

DATA inTeRPReTATion CenTeR (DiC)

R&D in g&g DATA AnAlysis

ACReAge iDenTifiCATion AnD exPloRATion & PRoDuCTion bloCK evAluATion

seismiC APi PRojeCT exeCuTion

well log DATA AnAlysis AnD inTeRPReTATion AnD AnAlysis

ReseRvoiR ChARACTeRizATion

PRojeCT mAnAgemenT AnD QC

TRAining

summeR inTeRnshiP

ConsulTAnCy

sofTwARe DeveloPmenT

PeTRoleum ReseARCh lAbs (PRl)

RouTine CoRe AnAlysis

sPeCiAl CoRe AnAlysis

ADvAnCeD geoChemiCAl AnAlAysis

suRfACe geoChemiCAl PRosPeCTing

well siTe geologiCAl seRviCes

CRuDe oil ChARACTeRisATion

bio fuels

TRAining

summAR inTeRnshiP

ConsulTAnCy

TEAM

DR. T. hARinARAyAnADirector

Area of Activities/interest : Innovative Solar Applications, Geothermal & Electromagnetics

mR. P.h. RAo head-DiC

Area of Activities/interest : Exploration for Oil and Gas, Seismic API

MR. AnKiT shAhProgram Developer

Area of Activities/interest : Software Development, Web Designing

mR. sAnTosh DhubiAscientist-e2

Area of Activities/interest : Seismic data Processing and Interpretation. Software Development

DR. syeD zAheeR hAsAn Principal Research scientist Area of Activities/interest : Petroleum Exploration

DOMAin EXPERTSmR. n. C. nAnDA Geophysicist - Ex. GM ONGC

More than 50 years of experience in Exploration and Development

mR. R. K. uPADhyAyGeologist

Over three decades of experience in petroleum Exploration Development and Well Site Geology

mR. sAnjive mAyoR Geologist - Ex. GM ONGC

Having more than 35 years of experience in Exploration and Development

DR. b. s. josyulu Geophysicist - Ex. ED ONGC

Having more than 35 years of experience in Exploration and Development

mR. A.K.s. KAKAni Petrophysicist

Having more than 35 years of experience in evaluation of the Petrophysical data

DR. vijAy RAngAn Ex Executive Director, ONGC Over 35 years of experience in Geochemistry & Management

DR. j.v.s.s.n. muRThy Geophysicist - Ex. GM ONGC Having more than 35 years of experience in Seismic Data Processing and Software Development

mR. K.s.v.R. KRishnA RAo Petrophysicist– Ex. GM ONGC Having more than 35 years of experience in evaluation of the Petrophysical data.

mR. s. bAnDu RAo nAiK Geophysicist - Ex. GM ONGC Having more than 35 years of experience in Seismic Data Acquisition and Interpretation & Exploration for Oil and Gas

DR. AbDul RAsheeDscientist-C

Area of Activities/interest :Geochemical Prospecting

ms. PRiyAnKA sen scientist-C

Area of Activities/interest : G&G data Analysis

mR. K. RAmAChAnDRAn scientist-b

Area of Activities/interest : G&G data Analysis

DR. P.l.s. RAosenior scientific officer

Area of Activities/interest : Geochemical Prospecting

ms. AnnAPuRnA boRuAhscientific officer Area of Activities/interest : G&G Data Analysis

mR. ARvinD yADAvscientific officer

Area of Activities/interest : G&G Data Analysis & Processing

The Centre possesses top expertise and performs application oriented Research in areas related to Geoscience domain, such as: Seismic attributes, Complicated fault block interpretation, well-seismic correlation, Post and Prestack inversion, Texture attribute analysis and TOC mapping. There is a strong focus on new techniques from various disciplines, with a high potential for the advancement of technology related to oil and gas industry. In particular, the Centre provides a unique environment that incubates multidisciplinary collaborations among GERMI Researchers and collaborator interested in exploring the technology development for enhancing the understanding of the hydrocarbon plays.

The center has carried out several R&D and commercial projects on G&G data analysis for hydrocarbon exploration and mentored 49 students from reputed institutes of India, trained 78 Geoscientists from industry in seismic data interpretation and is capable of developing customized applications for G&G data analysis. To accelerate and encourage the applied R&D for exploration, GERMI has engaged domain experts, announced post-doctoral fellowships, and created additional positions for geoscientists and programmers with experience in Computational Geophysics. The center has recently established a group for developing softwares for seismic data processing and interpretation.

ReseARCh AReAs Enhancement of Seismic signatures and development of new attributes

Development of new technology and Custom solutions as plugins

Data conditioning for Fault and Fracture extraction

Integration of multiple domain data sets for interpretation

Quantitative interpretation of pre stack data including prestack inversion

Seismic velocity modeling for plausible depth estimations

Seismic Imaging using High Performance Computing

Mapping of TOC through Cores, Logs and Seismic

Strengthening the efforts of open source G&G interpretation Software like OpendTect

Development of indigenous interpretative Seismic processing software

CAPAbiliTies Seismic Data Enhancement

Fault & Fracture analysis and geometry extraction in tectonically complex areas

Reservoir Characterization

Coal Characterization using Seismics

Identification of channels and thin sands/coals using Spectral Decomposition and inversion studies

Integration of Multiple Domain data for interpretation

G&G data analysis for Exploratory Block Evaluation

2D/3D Seismic data acquisition parameterization/planning & designing of survey and Quality Control

Processing of 2D and 3D Seismic Data

Software Development for Seismic Data Interpretation and Processing

hARDwARe AnD sofTwARe The Center is equipped with 5 powerful multi core Work Stations with

64 GB RAM, dual bootable with Linux and MS Windows and high-end Nvidia Graphics and connected with state of the art 55 TB storage and server for carrying out multi-disciplinary G&G data analysis with any interpretation Software as well as seismic processing software.

The infrastructure is also suitable for developing graphic intensive interactive interpretation and processing applications, high compute intensive seismic depth imaging using MPI and CUDA parallelization technologies on workstations harnessing the power of multi-core CPUs and GPUs.

R&D is being carried out by OpendTect Software.

Data interpretation Center :Vision & Objectives

Actual2012-13

Actual2013-14

Planned2014-15

(1.5 years)

Planned2015-17(2 years)

Planned2017-19(2 years)

Research and Development

Consultancy for Seismic Data Interpretation through R&D and Training

Seismic Software Development

Seismic Data Processing and Acquisition Services

One-Stop Solution for G&G Data Analysis

ReseARCh AnD DeveloPmenT in g&g DATA AnAlysis To create new workflows for seismic data interpretation.

To use advancement in Digital Signal/Image processing for seismic attribute computation.

To Provide R&D support to Indian E&P companies in G&G data analysis.

To develop methods for mapping TOC through core, logs and seismic data.

evAluATion of exPloRATion & PRoDuCTion bloCKs To provide techno - commercial consultancy to clients for evaluation

of exploratory Blocks for acquisition.

To provide comprehensive acquisition strategy to clients for acquiring small and medium fields

To assist and provide advisory to acreage holders in managing PSCs and implementation of MWP

seismiC APi PRojeCT exeCuTionseismic Data acquisition (2D & 3D)

Provides Acquisition Project consultancy including Optimization of equipment and technologies, modeling based survey designing , optimization of field parameters, planning of experimental work and QC of 2D & 3D seismic data acquisition

Provides comprehensive, industry accepted QHSE solutions

seismic Data Processing (2D & 3D)

Provides comprehensive consultancy for finalization of specifications for Processing and preparation of tender documents for processing and assist clients in finalization of processing contracts

Provides Seismic data Processing Project consultancy including optimization of Processing sequence, model based processing, analysis of experimental processing work, and optimization of processing parameters monitoring quality control of production processing of 2D, 3D seismic data

Processing of 2D and 3D seismic data (PSTM and PSDM)

Provides Seismic data processing for Coal characterization for CBM Exploration.

well log data processing & interpretation

Provides comprehensive consultancy for well log data analysis.

Provides a team of highly professional Petro-physicists having more than 30 years of quality experience in well log data Acquisition, Processing and Analysis and experts in State of Art Technology for consultancy in Log analysis and processing

Provides Core analysis and production log analysis.

seismiC sofTwARe DeveloPmenT A “Seismic Software Development Group” has been formed, one of its kind in India, to target the vast gap in seismic software development arena through R&D. The developed software and applications will possess high commercial values due to inputs from indigenous R&D efforts and rich experience of GERMI’s experts in Oil & Gas field.

Following areas are targeted for this group:

Basic Indigenous seismic processing software.

Seismic Imaging (Development of Reverse Time Migration using High Performance Computing)

Basic Interpretation applications, targeting OpendTect plugin development environment.

Apart from development of routine software modules for interpretation, the group’s focus is on development of niche products relevant to Indian Hydrocarbon Industry.

Data interpretation Center

A chair display of Sweetness attribute indicating a channel complex

Data interpretation CentergeoPhysiCAl & geologiCAl DATA inTeRPReTATionOur very highly experienced Geoscientists deliver time bound solutions for every aspect related to G&G, ranging from Sedimentary Basin analysis, Reservoir Characterization under various Geological settings.

1. PeTRoPhysiCs Standardize and normalize log data, build local petro physical model,

determine reservoir characteristics

Generation of cross plots and analysis

Create probabilistic lithology and porosity modeling, robust multi well modeling, facies analysis mapping

Core Analysis and Production Log analysis.

2. leAD PRosPeCT sCReening AnD mAPPing Seismic attributes (Amplitude, Frequency, Phase, Waveshape,

Geometric, etc) study within each level, for understanding main geo-bodies in the area and defining possible depositional environment settings.

Spectral Decomposition analysis and RGB blending image generation in order to interpret Stratigraphic and structural features.

Rock physics feasibility study in order to identify possible lithology or hydrocarbon indicator

Seismic Inversion

Well to seismic tie through synthetic seismograms for every well.

Elastic inversion obtaining the following volumes: Acoustic and Elastic Impedance, Density, Poisson´s ratio, Vp/Vs.

Selection of the best inversion attribute for lithology discrimination and mapping at every interest level.

Superimposing of interpreted features from spectral decomposition over selected attribute map at every interest level.

Lead prospect generation derived from the convergence of different attributes interpretation and integrating the results to distinguish areas of less uncertainty

→ Convert interpretations to depth

→ Generate all industry standard deliverables

3. sTRuCTuRAl AnD sTRATigRAPhiC inTeRPReTATion of PsTm, PsDm DATA Generation of Synthetic Seismograms, Frequency analysis of seismic

data, integrating VSP data, sonic and Densities, well to Seismic tying, Structural Reconnaissance.

Delineate reservoir geometry near producing wells, Identify trapping mechanisms, detailed seismic attribute analysis on productive intervals, Identify Prospects, Detailed mapping of exploration area, Seismic attribute analysis focusing on productive analogues, Map geometry and extent of prospective traps.

Reservoir Characterization and rock properties from seismic and log data.

4. exTenDeD seismiC evAluATion Need based reprocessing of seismic data based on interpretation

Seismic data Inversion to aid in prospect evaluation

Reservoir compartmentalization.

Seismic attribute analysis, AVO, pre-stack inversion and Reservoir characterization using Geostatistical Techniques.

5. new ReseRvoiR ChAllengesStratgraphic traps, basement/fractured reservoirs, deepwater, shale gas and coal characterization for CBM exploration

6. DePTh ConveRsion Detailed velocity analysis of seismic data

Create velocity volumes

g&g team provides the following :

PRW is carrying out Excellent interactions with a host of Oil and Gas companies including major National Oil Companies and private companies involved in Exploration and Development for Oil and Gas to demonstrate our knowledge and expertise in this field.

gERMi interactions with industry

ACComPlisheD R&D PRojeCTs in g&g Developed workflows for post stack data enhancement and fault and

fracture analysis

Channels and thin Sand delineation

TOC prediction through Core Data, Well Logs and Seismics

Multi attribute analysis & ANN for log property mapping

Texture Attributes for Reservoir Characterization

Poisson Impedance for Reservoir Characterization

Coal Characterization through Seismics

Log data analysis for Reservoir Characterization

Improving stack quality and identification of coal seams using latest state of the art processing and interpretation technologies (the data processed by our MOU partner M/S Samit)

R & D Projects were carried out using G&G data of GSPC

ComPleTeD ConsulTAnCy PRojeCTs Pilot project on evaluation of G&G data of a NELP block of M/S

Mercator Pvt. Ltd.

G&G data analysis for hydrocarbon exploration for M/S Sintex Oil and Gas Limited

ACComPlisheD R&D PRojeCTs by PeTRoleum lAboRAToRies Integration of Surface Geochemical and 3D Seismic Data for evaluation

of Hydrocarbon Potential

Integration of Adsorbed Soil Gas And Trace Metal Anomalies With 3D Seismic Data For Evaluation Of Hydrocarbon Prospectivity In Ankleshwar Block, Cambay Basin

Laboratory scale development of technology for Algal biofuels production. A sponsored project by GUJCOST, Government of Gujarat

Relevance of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and integration with trace metal anomalies addressing the micro-seepage in petroliferous region of Ahmedabad block of Cambay basin

Trace metal anomalies associated with hydro-carbon seepage in Sanand East and Miroli area of Cambay basin

Geochemical analysis of lignite and Shale samples of GMDC operated lignite coal mine

PRw inTeRACTions

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DghCmPDi

sinTex

nTPC

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glimpses of some R&D Activities

Seismic attributes often provide a quick way to visualize the trends of faults and fractures, which are not visible in seismic amplitude information. These set of information from different seismic attributes can be used to delineate fault geometry, and further it can be used to optimize well locations.

In this project the delineation of faults and fractures is demonstrated using an optimum workflow. Out of all the attributes tested, polar dip being a directivity driven parameter that enhances the edges and sharpens the fault to the best extent. For analysis of the fractured zones, mean curvature has brought out the most momentous results. The seismic images thus produced are complementary and are the best result produced by integration and implementation of filters and different attribute sets. Summary of results obtained in this study are:

Similarity provides useful information of major faults in the area.

Polar Dip able to extract full network of faults and fractures.

Most negative curvature is giving the best fault continuity.

Mean curvature tends to enhance the fractures

(a) Similarity attribute using FES data

(c) Most Negative Curvature using FES data

(b) Polar Dip attribute using FES data

(d) Mean Curvature using FES data

DATA ConDiTioning AnD fAulTs & fRACTuRe AnAlysis

Comparison of (a) initial and (b) dip steered median filter (DSMF) data. It can be seen that the application of dip guided median filter has significantly reduced the random noise while preserving general properties of seismic data.

Comparison of (a) DSMF and (b) FES data. Arrows in highlighted area shows the sharpening of faults in FES data

All Analysis was done with OpendTect Software.

Channels and Thin Sand Delineation

Most Negative Curvature

At 30 hz Spec Decomposition

Channel Seen by using Similarity

A channel has been delineated at 560MS with different Attributes

Channels Identified from conditioned data and spectral decomposition data (25 Hz) Thin Channels can be Identified using different Attributes Spectral Blueing and Inversion studies

Comparison between Dip Steered Median filter (DSMF) and Seismic Spectral Blued data (A) Dip Steered Median Filter (DSMF) Data and (B) Seismic Spectral Blued (SSB) data shows the improved resolution in SSB

data due to frequency enhancement.

Figure Shows the Impedance variation of coloured inversion along the horizon. Colored inversion is similar to a band limited inversion and works by deriving an operator that transforms the seismic amplitude spectrum to that of one similar to the well-log acoustic impedance spectrum with a -90° phase change

Texture Contrast

GERMI developed workflows for seismic data conditioning, spectral blueing and log data conditioning to suit for inversion studies to obtain optimal results. The study resulted in delineation of channel prospect in the area.

Seismic inversion for acoustic impedance gives the acoustic impedance variation for characterization of the reservoir. Variations in acoustic impedance can be interpreted to find the low impedance area for the hydrocarbon exploration.

Seismic Spectral Bluing (SSB) is a technique to optimize the vertical resolution of seismic spectrum using well information, without boosting noise to an unacceptable level. SSB analyze the seismic and well log spectra to define a Seismic Spectral Bluing operator that shapes the average seismic trace spectra to smooth curve which is representative of band limited reflection coefficient curve fit at every frequency. It results into a seismic data with enhanced frequency content and realistic amplitude data.

Input Data

Dip Estimation

Attribute Analysis

Attribute Analysis

Attribute Analysis

Spectral Blueing

Inversion Studies

Dip Steered Median Filter

Prediction of TOC through Core Data, Well logs and Seismic

Multi Attribute Analysis for Delineation of Channels

Various multi-curve methods for quantifying organic content from well logs have been published, including multiple regression, probabilistic, and neural network solutions. The most common method is based on sonic versus resistivity, as described by Q. R. Passey et al. (1990) in "A Practical Model for Organic Richness from Porosity and Resistivity Logs"

In this project, following methodology was adapted to map TOC using conventional log and multi-attribute analysis :

Analysis of Core and Rock Eval data for TOC behavior within the formation.

Conversion of conventional log data like, resistivity, GR, density, sonic into TOC log using ΔLogR method and it’s calibration with core data.

Well to Seismic tie, mapping of representative horizons.

Analysis of log data and establishment of relationship between various conventional logs, generate TOC log, and seismic attributes using corss-plots.

Impedance Inversion of 3D seismic data and analysis.

Prediction of TOC data from Mutli-attribute analysis and Artificial Neural Network Calibration of TOC Log with Core data

Impedance Inversion studies and well property prediction was performed from well logs using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). An ANN creates a nonlinear mapping between a set of input data and target outputs. The nature of this nonlinear mapping depends upon the type of artificial neural network used. A feed forward back-propagation neural network is used in this study to predict well log properties from Inversion results and multiple attributes. The results obtained from application of various attributes for delineation of channels is shown below :

Figure shows the attribute analysis on identified channel (a) RMS, (b) Energy, (c) Sweetness, Spectral Decomposition (d) 25 Hz, (e) 35Hz & (f) 45 Hz

Figure shows the result obtained from (a) Colored Inversion (b) Impedance Inversion (c) ANN derived

Gamma Ray (d) ANN derived Density

RMS AMPLITUDE ATTRIBUTE

AT TRibuTe AnAlysis

ToC volume ConveRsion PReDiC TeD ToC AnAlysis

imPeDAnCe inveRsion AnAlysis

IMPEDANCE INVERSION RESULT IMPEDANCE INVERSION ON CROSSLINE IMPEDANCE INVERSION ON CROSSLINE WITH AI LOG

RMS AMPLITUDE ATTRIBUTE SWEETNESS ATTRIBUTE TExTURE ENTROPy

RMS AMPLITUDE ATTRIBUTETOC LOG

SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES INDEPENDENCE INVERSION

TOC PREDICTION USING ANN USING SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES AND INDEPENDENCE INVERSION RESULTS PREDICTED TOC USING ANN

TExTURE ENERGy

IMPEDANCE INVERSION RESULT

PREDICTED TOC ON CROSSLINE

Texture attributes play an important role in seismic facies analysis and in highlighting geo-morphological features. Texture attributes are popular in image processing and are used in seismic interpretation to carry out seismic facies analysis and highlight geo-morphological features. They originate from image analysis and are based on the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), which describes the relationship between pixels and was developed to capture the roughness or smoothness of an image. Statistical properties derived from GLCM matrix like Homogeneity, Energy, Entropy etc. are used for facies analysis using 3D seismic data.

Seismic data (a) RMS amplitude attribute (b) on time slice 950 ms, highlighting meandering channel in the area. Texture attributes, Energy (c), Entropy (d), Contrast e) and Variance (f) clearly delineated the channel. yellow arrow pointed visibility of a part of channel through various seismic attributes. Unsupervised segmentation of seismic attributes of RMS Amplitude attribute (g) and Texture attributes (h) shows that segmentation of seismic responses of channel in same classes, but variance within the chan-nel and nearby areas as highlighted by circles are missing in RMS amplitude attribute as compared to Texture attributes, which may play important role in characterization of channel fill.

fuTuRe sTuDies To Calibrate lithological variation from Texture attributes with

the well log data.

To perform a study on the selection of Texture attributes for delineation of channels using ANN.

To perform studies on reservoir characterization using Texture attributes.

Texture Attributes for Reservoir Characterization

TexTuRe ConTRAsT TexTuRe homogeneiTy TexTuRe eneRgy TexTuRe enTRoPy

obseRvATions GLCM based texture attributes are found to extract

information required to delineate channel.

Meta attribute based on combination of amplitude and GLCM attributes has delineated channels.

Lithological variation can also be extracted from Texture attributes. Although, calibration of texture attributes with well log data needs to be done for correlation of lithological variation with texture attributes.

Texture attributes are found to be performing better in all the studies of unsupervised segmentation for delineation of channels.

Fault and Fracture Delineation using Discrete Frequency approachFaults and Fracture are characterized by lateral variation in the seismic data and can be delineated using seismic attributes like coherency, Curvature and Polar Dip. These attributes provides valuable information about subtle features. A discrete frequency approach is adapted to enhance faults and fractures as compared to conventional workflows.

ComPARATive AnAlysis of AmPliTuDe DATA

(a) Provided seismic data with interpreted faults, (b) to (e) Seismic data with 15 Hz to 45 Hz peak frequency.

(a) Time slice with Seismic Data.

(b) Full Spectrum Similarity

(c) Composite display of different frequency similarity attribute. Composite display from proposed workflow provides much more information of Faults and Fractures as compared to time slice and full spectrum minimum similarity.

Poisson’s Impedance is defined as :

PI = AI - c * SI

(a) Cross-plot between gamma ray and Poisson impedance with c-value 1.519. The Points falling in the region of low gamma and low Poisson impedance correspond to coal

(b) Points falling in the region of low values of gamma ray and comparatively high values of Poisson impedance correspond to tight sands

(c) Points falling in the region of high values of gamma ray and high values of Poisson impedance correspond to shale

Poisson’s imPeDAnCe sTuDies The “Poisson's Impedance” is an attribute that is derived from a combination of the P- and S-impedance values and is a good lithology indicator.

sr. no. lithology gamma ray(APi)

Density(gm/cc)

Acoustic impedance(m/s*gm/cc)

Poisson impedance(m/s*gm/cc)

1 Coal 20-60 1.2-2.0 2000-4000 1050-1350

2 sand 50-70 2.0-2.7 5000-7000 800-1300

3 shale 70-120 2.3-3.0 5000-7500 1350-2200

The basic objective of the Petroleum Research Laboratories is to serve as a Centre for Excellence in Research & Development and to provide state of the art technology in Geological, Geochemical and Petrophysical analysis and Wellsite Geological support to E&P companies. These labs are fully equipped to carryout Routine, Special and Advanced core Analysis, Source rock potential characterization, Surface Geochemical Prospecting, Coal Characterization and Crude oil mapping.

Capabilities of Petroleum Research laboratories:

Routine core analysis

Residual fluid saturation by Dean and Stark method

Plug cleaning and drying

Grain density

Porosity and permeability

special core analysis

Cation Exchange Capacity

Scanning Electron Microscopy

x-Ray Diffraction Analysis

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Analysis

Thin section preparation

Petrography analysis

Advanced Core analysis

Head space gas analysis

Adsorbed gas analysis

Rock Eval Pyrolysis studies

Kerogen isolation and elemental composition

source Rock Potential Characterization

Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

Kerogen type

Tmax

Oil Production Index

Hydrogen Index

Oxygen Index

Vitrinite Reflectance

surface geochemical Prospecting

Gas chromatograph soil gas analysis

Trace metal studies

Microbial studies

Coal Characterization

Proximate analysis

Ultimate analysis

Crude oil mapping

Specific Gravity

API Gravity

Flash Point

Pore Point

Cloud Point

Aniline point

Viscosity

SARA separation

Bio marker studies

geological and geochemical Laboratories

GAS CHROMATOGRAPH

UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER

AUTOMATED PERMEAMETER-POROSIMETER

POLARIzED MICROSCOPE

ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Trace metal anomalies associated with hydrocarbon seepage in sanand block of Cambay basin, gujarat

This R&D work carried out to find the role of geochemical proxy indicator like trace metals in identifying the hydrocarbon prospective zones

Adsorbed soil gas indicates the hydrocarbon seepage zones, these seepage zones are surrounded by trace metal and microbial anomalies.

These zones are in southern and middle eastern part of the study area.

Trace metal and microbial anomalies can be used to identify the hydrocarbon prospective zones

Relevance of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and integration with trace metal anomalies addressing the micro-seepage in petroliferous region of Ahmedabad block of Cambay basin, gujarat (gsPC)

This R&D work has carried out to define a correlation between geo microbial and trace metal indicators to understand the hydrocarbon seepage

Hydrocarbon seepage zones are identified through Microbial and Trace metal anomalies in Ahmedabad Block of Cambay basin.

Rounded anomalies may indicate the petroleum reservoir in sub surface.

Incidentally these seepage zones are observed near the drilled wells.

integrated study of geochemical data with seismic interpretation for evaluation of hydrocarbon resource potential in Kg basin.

Figures C& D: An integration of seismic data with adsorbed soil gas anomaly (C1) indicates probable zones of high concentrations associated

with the faults delineated from seismic data.

geochemical and mineralogical characterization of shales and coals of gujarat mineral Development Corporation (gmDC) operated mines.

Coal and shale samples are collected for ultimate (C H N O S) and proximate (Fixed carbon, Moisture, Volatile carbon, Ash content) analyses of coals from various coal seams of different coal mines of GMDC.

Show typical characteristics properties of lignite.

Minerological studies under process

The present study helped to characterize the coal and to test the feasibility of CBM from Lignites.

glimpses of R&D work carried out in Petroleum Research Labs

lAboRAToRy sCAle DeveloPmenT of TeChnology foR AlgAl fuel PRoDuCTion (suPPoRTeD by gujCosT)

This R&D project is awarded by Gujarat Council of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat

Objective of this project is to develop a technology for the commercial scale biofuel production using optimized parameters and analysis of different kinds of algae.

methodology

• Isolation of Algal stains • Cultivation of specified algae • Extraction of Algal oil • Conversion of Algal oil to Biodiesel

AnAlysis of CoRe sAmPles foR ToTAl oRgAniC CARbon (ToC) fRom inDRoRA wells, CAmbAy bAsin, gujARAT

Petroleum Research Labs carried out analysis of core samples for TOC pertaining two wells.

Side wall cores, Conventional core and Well cuttings from two wells are analyzed for TOC. This analysis is used to convert the conventional logs into TOC logs for further analysis of lateral distribution of TOC in area. This analysis is carried out with Perkin Elmer make CHNS/O analyzer 2400 series II system.

AnAlysis of CRuDe oil sAmPles fRom bAKRol oil fielD of CAmbAy

Petroleum Research Laboratory - GERMI carried out crude oil sample analysis from different wells of Bakrol oil field to understand the various parameters like API, Flash point, Pour point and how these parameters affect the mobility of crude oils.

The main objective of this project is to improve the mobility of oil to transport from the well to the Group Gathering Stations or storage tanks. Reported API gravity of crude oil and suitable temperatures are suggested to maintain mobility of crude oils from well to gathering stations.

API GRAVITy

CHNSO ANALySE

ALGAL OIL (FEED STOCK) ExTRACTED WITH ROTAVAPOR

SOxHLET ExTRACTION METHOD

ROTAVAPOR FOR ExTRACTING THE ALGAL OIL

CLOUD POINT

SP. GRAVITy FLASH POINT

POUR POINT

Training & Development

Summer internship Program

GERMI is an indigenous Training and Research organization whose vision is to provide, world-class continuing education facility for human capacity building in the Indian petroleum industry. GERMI is proposing to collaborate with the National and International Exploration & Production Training Services, to form a consortium of international trainers.

GERMI can source locally and from around the world the most competent and experienced Learning Consultants in the technical, non-technical and management disciplines.

GERMI Consists of renowned Explorationists involved in E&P business in India and Abroad having more than 30 years of professional experience

GERMI’s key objective is to develop a facility that is conducive for the impartation of knowledge & skills for enhancing competency,

productivity and professionalism in both the upstream and downstream sector of the petroleum industry.

Data Interpretation Center has designed workshops for young Geophysicists, Petro - physicists, Geologists and Reservoir Engineers to enrich their knowledge in Seismic Data Interpretation, Tool Physics and Formation Evaluation. These workshops cum courses are delivered by professionals having rich experience in Oil and Gas Industry.

During the period from March 2013-April 2015 GERMI has conducted 3 trainings related to G&G data analysis, was attended by about 78 geoscientists from oil industry (ONGC, IOC, BPRL, GSPC, SELAN, CMPDI, Jindal, IIT’s and various other Institutions)

PRW provides two months Summer Internship Program (SIP) for students of Geology, Geophysics & Petroleum Engineering hailing from different universities and IITs.

About 49 students have been mentored since 2012 on the following topics under this program

• Spectral Decomposition and channels and thin bed delineation,

• 3D Seismic Data conditioning and Faults and Fracture analysis.

• Delineation of thin Sands and Channels using Inversion studies and Well property prediction using Neural Network.

• Spectral Blueing and Impedance inversion studies using 3D seismic data.

• Seismic attribute studies for delineation of fault, fracture, thin sands and channels on 3D seismic data.

• Integrated Approach Using Surface Geochemical Adsorbed Soil Gas and Trace Metal Anomalies With 3D Seismic Data For Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Prospects.

• Development of RMS Seismic Attribute plug-in for Opend-Tect software using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).

• Reservoir characterization using 3D seismic data and Texture Analysis

• Development of software/application for Reserve Estimation

• Surface Geochemical Prospecting for Hydrocarbons

• Source Rock Potential Characterization

• Chemical/Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery

• Crude oil mapping

GUJARAT ENERGY RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE

1st Floor, Energy Building, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 007, INDIA

Phone: +91-79-2327 5361 | fax: +91-79-2327 5380email: information@germi.org | web: www.germi.org

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