Petroleum Production Fire Suppression

Petroleum Production Fire Suppression

• Segment Agenda: Process Description Fire Hazard Identification Fire Hazard Classification and Characteristics Applicable Codes and Standards Fire Detection Methods and Application Fire Suppression Solutions and Applications

• Foam• Dry Chemical• Watermist• Carbon Dioxide• Clean Agents

Petroleum Production Chain

• Exploration/Extraction Onshore Offshore

• Refining/Processing Finished products

• Storage & Transportation Tanks Pipelines Truck & Rail

Petroleum Production – Extraction

• Bringing Oil to the Surface Offshore Drilling Platforms Onshore Drilling Platforms Hydraulic Fracturing

• Fire Hazards Include Liquid Spill Fires Liquid/Gas Pressure Fires Electrical/Switching Equip Power Generation Equip

Petroleum Production – Processing

• Converting Crude to Finished Products

Distillation Cracking Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel Production

• Fire Hazards Include Liquid Spill Fires Liquid/Gas Pressure Fires Electrical/Switching Equip Power Generation Equip Vessel Exposure

Petroleum Production – Transport & Storage• Crude and Finished Product

Pipelines Trucks, Rail (& Marine Vessels) Storage Tanks

• Fire Hazards Include Liquid Spill Fires Liquid In-Depth Fires Liquid/Gas Pressure Fires Electrical/Switching Equip Pumping Equip Vessel Exposure

Petroleum Production – Hazard Properties

• Hydrocarbon Fuel Fires Class B Fire High Heat/Flame Release Requires Quick Knock Down Requires Securing Against Re-Flash Pool, Bulk, & Pressure Fires

• Appropriate Agent Types Dry Chemical Foam Watermist CO2 & Clean Agents - Inerting

Petroleum Production – Hazard Properties

• Electrical Fires Class A or C Fire Lower Heat Release Requires Non- Conductive Agent Requires Securing Power 3 Dimensional Fire

• Appropriate Agent Types CO2 Clean Agents

Petroleum Production – Codes & Standards

• IMO xxxx – Offshore• USCG – Offshore• Factory Mutual Data Sheet xx• NFPA 2001 – Clean Agents• NFPA 30 – Fixed Foam• NFPA 12 – CO2 Systems• NFPA 750 – Water Mist• NFPA 72 - Detection

Pic of standards

Petroleum Production – Detection Methods

• Flammable Gas• Flame• Heat

Spot Detectors Linear Detectors

• Smoke Spot Detectors Air Aspirating

• Video

Fire and Fuel Type Determine Detection Method

Petroleum Production Solutions - Foam

• Foam Types Aqueous film forming foams

(AFFF) Alcohol-resistant aqueous film-

forming foams (AR-AFFF)

• Specific Hazards Class B Storage tank protection Hand Line Bladder Tanks Loading Racks Diked Area Protection

• Good Knockdown with Superior Securing Ability

Petroleum Production – Foam Example

• Storage Tank Protection Details……

Petroleum Production Solutions – Dry Chem• Dry Chemical Application

Portables & Hose-Lines High Capacity Monitors Fixed Nozzle Systems

• Specific Hazards Class BProcess ProtectionPressure FiresVent StacksLoading Racks

• Superior Knock DownLimited Securing Ability

Petroleum Production – Dry Chem Example

• Loading Rack Protection Details….

Petroleum Production Solutions - Watermist• Watermist Systems

Water particles ~100 microns Total Flooding and Local Application

• Primary Hazards Class B Turbines and Diesel Drivers Pump Rooms Machinery Spaces

• Provides Suppression by: Cooling Oxygen Depletion (inerting) Radiant Heat Blocking

Petroleum Production – Watermist Example

Petroleum Production – Carbon Dioxide

• Carbon Dioxide System Types High & Low Pressure Total Flooding and Local Application

• Primary Hazards Class A, B, C Generators Turbines & Diesel Drivers Electrical Hazards Vent Stacks

• Provides Suppression by: Oxygen Depletion Life Safety Considerations

Petroleum Production – CO2 Example

• Vent Snuffer System Details……

Petroleum Production – Clean Agents• Clean Agents

Inert gases Halocarbon Agents

• Primary Hazards Class A,C (Limited B)

Computer/Control Rooms MCC Rooms Process Inerting

• Provides Suppression by: Oxygen Depletion - Inerts Cooling - Halocarbons

Petroleum Production Clean Agent Example

Petroleum Production – Water Spray

• Heat control Used to Control Heat Flux

• Primary Hazards Protect Adjacent

Storage/Processes from Exposure

• Application Rate Dependant on Heat Input

Petroleum Production Fire Suppression

• Summary