petroleum geology of shale gas & tight oil how to do it: drill and … · 2017. 8. 7. · us...
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US Association for Energy EconomicsNational Capital Area Chapter
Petroleum Geology of Shale Gas & Tight Oiland
How To Do It: Drill and Frack a Horizontal Well
Robert KleinbergSchlumberger
Cambridge, Massachusetts
19 May 2017
Schlumberger
Dimmit County, Texas
Greene County, Pennsylvania
Schlumberger is the actual provider of exploration, drilling, and production services to the oil and gas industry.
The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of Schlumberger.
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http://ceepr.mit.edu/publications/reprints/648
JMA
Conventional Oil & Gas is Trapped as a Result of a Lucky Combination of Circumstances
Source Rock is Pervasive in Sedimentary Basins
Source Rock
AAPG, “The Quest for Energy”http://www.aapg.org/slide_bank/armentrout_john/index.shtml
r
2480
120° F120° F
350° F350° FGenerationGeneration
MigrationMigration
Seal RockSeal Rock
ReservoiRockReservoiRock
OilOil
WaterWater
Gas CapGas Cap
EntrapmentEntrapment
Source Rock
Tarrant County
Eastland County
100 miles
Barnett Shale
Why is There Gas in Tarrant County and Oil in Eastland County?
Mississippian Earth 340 million years ago
Ron Blakey, Colorado Plateau Geosystemshttp://cpgeosystems.com/340_Miss_2globes.jpg
Mississippian Earth 340 million years ago
Ron Blakey, Colorado Plateau Geosystemshttp://cpgeosystems.com/340_Miss_2globes.jpg
NorthAmerica
Africa
Siberia Siberia
Central Asia
China China
SouthAmerica
Initial contact of Africa and Eastern US:Lakawanna phase of Alleghenian orogeny
Robert Loucks and Stephen Ruppel, AAPG Bulletin, v. 91, no. 4 (April 2007), pp. 579–601Blakey, http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/hist_by_period.html
Shallow, AnoxicInland Bays & Seas
Burial History Diagram, Eastland County, Texas
Oil Production
Ewing, AAPG Bulletin, v. 90, no. 6 (June 2006), pp. 963 – 966
Oil Production
100C = 20C + (30C/km x 2.7 km)
Dep
th B
elow
Sur
face
Barnett Shale
Burial History Diagram, Tarrant County, Texas
Ewing, AAPG Bulletin, 90, 963‐966 (2006)
GasProduction
152C = 20C + (30C/km x 4.4 km)
Gas Shale Plays Follow the Thrust Belt
Credit Suisse Energy Summit, February 2009
GEO ExPro ‐‐ RLK Modification
MIDDL
E CR
ETAC
EOUS
EARLY CR
ETAC
EOUS
LATE
CRE
TACEOUS –
PALEOCE
NE –EO
CENE
MISSISSIPPIAN
UPP
ER DEV
ONIAN
LOW‐M
ID DEV
ONIAN
MontereyMarcellus – Fayetteville – Woodford - Marcellus
Permian Basin Niobrara
Utica
Horizontal Drilling & Hydraulic Fracturing:
Why Do It?
Passey, SPE 131350
Human Hair
50 m Excellent ConventionalOil Reservoir Rock
Source Rock/Gas Shale
Reservoir Rock Gas Shale
Pore Size Controls How Fast Oil or Gas Will Flow to the Well
Transmits gas 10,000 more slowlythan conventional gas reservoir rock.
x Surface AreaRock PermeabilityWell Quality =
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Vertical Well -- 100 ft Thick Reservoir6 inch Diameter Borehole 160 sq.ft.
Vertical Well – 100 ft Thick ReservoirSingle Bi-Wing Fracture, 300 ft/wing
2 surfaces/fracture120,000 sq.ft.
Requirement 1,600,000 sq.ft.
Prudential Tower52 Floors
Floor Space:1,200,000 sq.ft.
gaszone
http://www.skifergas.dk/en/technical‐guide/what‐is‐hydraulic‐fracturing.aspx
Vertical depth 5000 – 11,000 ft
Horizontal run 5000 ft
Fractures (effective) 60 x 2/3
Effective fracture radius 300 ft
Contact area40 x 2 x 2 x 300 ft x 100 ft
= 4.8 million ft2
Horizontal Drilling + Hydraulic Fracturing
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Low PermeabilityCompensated by>10,000x Surface
Area Enhancement
Horizontal Drilling & Hydraulic Fracturing:
How To Do It
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Rotary Steerable Drilling
15°/100 ft
You Can Drill from Anywhere to Anywhere19 Gas Wells Drilled and Fractured from a Single 5 Acre Well Site
HOUSTON CHAPTER OF SOCIETY OF INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL EARTH SCIENTISTSNovember 2011
5 acrewell site
XTO
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University of Texas at Arlington
Typical 5,000 foot Horizontal Well
Water: 5 million gallons Sand: 1 lb/gal Chemicals: 1% 200 tons
4000 gal/min @ 10,000 psi 1-2 days/well 24,000 horsepower
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Lecampion, ARMA 14‐7110
Stages & Perforation Clusters
StageStage
6 perforations/foot @ 60
casingV
H
h
StressTensor
Robert L. Kleinberg, Ph.D.Unconventional ResourcesSchlumberger-Doll ResearchOne Hampshire StreetCambridge, MA 02139
[email protected]://www.linkedin.com/pub/robert-kleinberg/19/177/131Member of the National Academy of Engineering
Dimmit County, Texas
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