peter clarke - ew analysis & integration€¢ geolocation approaches ... – rapid report...

PETER CLARKE - EW ANALYSIS & INTEGRATION

Integration of Tactical EW Elements

Peter Clarke, Capability Manager for EW Analysis & Integration A presentation to AOC Symposium29 Oct 2002

© Copyright 2002 QinetiQ

3Copyright © 2002 QinetiQSpectrum Solutions

Contents

• Overview of Tactical EW – Scope (inc. doctrine)

– Military Roles

– Required Outputs

• Issues & Challenges– Target & EW Asset Types

– Required EW Capabilities

– Advantages of Coherent Command & Analysis

– Challenges

• QinetiQ’s Approach– Integration Achievements

– Trials

• Conclusions

Overview of Tactical EW


Scope

• The issues presented in this talk are relevant to tactical ES, EA (including tactical SIGINT) as follows:

– ES - Electronic Surveillance• Detection, Location, Classification, Interception & Analysis of Emitters &

Emissions

• aiming to extract intelligence of interest to tactical commanders

– EA - Electronic Attack• jamming & deception of adversary receivers

• to disrupt enemy C2 & other comms

• and to provide Area/Surgical Denial of enemy ISTAR

• (i.e. not the platform protection role of EW)


Scope (2)

• Concepts presented are relevant to:– Land, Sea & Air domains/deployments

• EW Capability is represented by 4 principle disciplines:– Communications ES

– Non-Communications ES

– Communications EA

– Non-Communications EA


Military Roles for EWEW should provide/support the following:

• Support to Indirect/Direct Fire Offensives

• Support to IPB & TGP preparation

• Support to other friendly ISTAR assets

• Provision of intelligence for Info Ops planning

• Provision of ECM for Info Operations (i.e. ECM in support of the contact battle)

• Provision of threat warnings to friendly forces and/or platforms

• Provision of protection to friendly forces and/or platforms

• Provision of a jamming screen

• Support to COMSEC & INFOSEC

• Support to OPSEC

• Support to deception

• Support to counter surveillance (inc. SEAD)

• Support to SIGINT (collection of parameters for databases/RWRs)

• Support to deployment into area

• Support to targeting process

• Support to BDA

• Support to BSM (Battlespace Spectrum Management)

• Support to Evidence Collection


Required EW Products:

Tactical Intelligence– Emitter locations (Blue, Red & White)

– Networks & Command Structures (EOB)

– Adversary intentions

– Adversary Network susceptibility (Nodal Analysis)

– Reporting on J2 Intelligence Requirements (Indicators, Threats & Targets)

– EMS Usage (for J6)

– Threat Warnings

– COMSEC

– Adversary Capabilities

Strategic Intelligence– Hi-fidelity recordings (of signal

internals & externals)

– EOB Library updates

– Parametric Library Updates

– SEI ‘fingerprints’

– Reporting on Strategic IRs

EA– deception/spoofing/simulation

– recce jamming

– surgical/area denial

– jamming screen

Issues & Challenges

10Copyright © 2002 QinetiQSpectrum Solutions (Pictures Courtesy of Janes)

EW Target Diversity

• Radios (Comms)– HF to Microwave

– Fixed Frequency, Frequency Hopping, Spread Spectrum etc.

– CNR

– Trunk

– Personal Mobile Comms

• Radars (non-Comms)– CW, Frequency agile, LPI, etc.

– BSR

– SAR

– MTI

– AD, TA, FC, etc.


EW Asset Diversity

• Each target type presents its own challenge in terms of:– waveform (including modulation)

– parameters (Frequency, PW, PRI etc.)

– parameter agilities

– mode changes

– etc.

• The requirement to detect/jam a variety of target types can lead to a variety of sensor and jammer types (in a range of form factors)

– e.g. multiple Comms ES sensors

– in manpack, soft-skin vehicle, armoured vehicle, airborne... versions

• Hence, any integrated EW system must be designed to accommodate the command, control and analysis of a variety of sensor and jammer types (plus any future types)


Integrated EW Functionality Required:

EW Analysis & Integration Capabilities

EW Asset(sensor orJammer) Sensor Status

Messages

Sensor DataMessages

ControlMessages

Sensor ControlModules

Sensor DataStore Modules Analysis Tools

Command andPlanning Tools Internal and

ExternalInterfacingModules


Required EW Analysis & Integration functions:

• An EW Analysis & Integration System needs to support the following functionality:

– Planning tools (ES & EA)

– System/User Administration

– Mission/Tasking/Reporting Management (Command)

– External Interfaces & Interoperability

– EW Asset Control (ES & EA)

– Data Processing, Analysis & Exploitation

– Internal User Comms & Data dissemination

– Internal & Boundary Security


Functionality Requirements for EW Analysis & Integration Systems

Command, Planning, Integration, Intelligence Analysis,

Dissemination

AssetControl

EW CommsSensor/Jammer

Technical Analysis

AssetControl

EW Non-CommsSensor/Jammer

Technical Analysis

Internal & external

comms


Potential Advantages of Coherent C2 & Analysis:

• Enhanced Cueing & Control of EA

• Coherent tasking between C & NC ES to raise Probability of Intercept (POI)

• Cueing between ES systems

• EA assets can used in an ES role when jamming is suspended

• Coherent analysis between C & NC ES can lead to more efficient intelligence production and associations are more readily spotted.

• SEI/extra measured features can be used for fusion/association

• Cueing of precision assets can be optimised


Issues & Challenges

• Geographic dispersion vs co-location of functionality

• Multiple analysts/commanders/operators

• Choice of automation levels

• Comms data links

• Security

• Data fusion / association (track management & ID control)

• etc

QinetiQ’s Approach to Integration


Military Driver

• UK Tactical EW Doctrine identifies the requirement for ‘Integrated EW Systems’

– Internal Integration of Tactical EW Elements:• Comms ES, Non-Comms ES, Comms EA & Non-Comms EA assets

• Central C2 & Analysis

– External Integration of EW Systems into the Military Environment:• Interoperability

• Digitisation & Networkcentric

• Other nations have identified similar requirements for ‘integration’


Military Context for EW Analysis & Integration Systems

Users & Commands

Other ISTAR

Other EW/SIGINTSystems

Other EW/SIGINTAssets

EW/SIGINTA&I System

EW/SIGINTAssets

Cues +Collateral

Integration +Interoperability

C2 +Reporting


Systems Engineering Approach taken by QinetiQ EW Group

• EW Military Roles & required Capabilities• Functional Architecture• Internal Processes (Planning, C2, Analysis & Reporting)• Concepts for Control of ES & EA• Concepts for Support Comms

– Modes of Operation (graceful degradation & recovery)

• Geolocation Approaches (Comms & Non-Comms)• Analysis Methods & Products• EW Analysis & Integration IT System Design &

Development


QinetiQ’s Integration Suite

ANALYSTTM

SHARKTM

AdvancedComms ES

SWORDFISHTM

TDMA Sensor

DOLPHINTM

Modulationclassifier

CELT

Non-Comms ES

FOES

Non-Comms EA

PRECISIONCHANNEL

TechnicalMeasurement &

SEI

PUMA

Comms EA

EW IntegrationResearch Testbed

Other ManufacturesSensors/Data

e.g. Agilent BlackbirdProphet Air Prototypes


Integration

SUBMARINES

TYPE 45

DTSP - HUNTER

ANALYSTAPPLICATION

BLACKBIRD

CREGGAN

MYSTIC

PROPHET II/III

ODETTE

DRUIDCELT


Potential Integration Architecture for a Baseline of 4 Comms EW Assets

Connected Analyst Workstations

Ethernet

ConnectedElectronic Warfare

Sensors

Proxy &Comunications

Interface


Interface


Interface


Interface

Ethernet

ONE copyof data for

eachsensor

ONE copyof data for

eachsensor

ONE copyof data for

eachsensor

PositionFixing

algorithms. AnalysisAlgorithms


System configuration example (non-comms assets only)

Emitter reportsFOES ES

FOES EAJamming

Analyst IIEmitter reports

Control

Hand offreceiver

High fidelityemitter reports

Precision DigitalChannel


History – Fully Integrated EW Demonstration

• Demonstration - Sept 2000, UK

• Integrated EW System– EWCC Terminal

– Integration HQ

– 6 Remote Detachments (connected by RF links)

– Analysis & Integration IT System

– ‘Realistic’ Target Set (CNR nets; civil & military radars)

• Demonstration Objectives– Responsive to EWCC tasking

– Near Real Time generation of EGP (Comms & Non-comms overlaid onto a common GIS)

– Appropriate C2 of ES & EA

– Analysis of ES (e.g. EOB generation & TFA)

– Modes of Operation (Graceful degradation & recovery)

CregganSharkC ES

OdetteSharkC ES

PumaShark

C ES + C EA

FOES

NCES + NCEA

INCA

NC ES

Manportable NC

NCES + NCEA

Integration HQ

EWCC


Integrated EW Demonstration

Integration HQ& EWCC

CESNCES

CEACES

NCEA

NCES

SHF NetworkHF Net

EW Analysis & Integration


EW Integration Programme -Demonstration Flow

Enter MissionDetails

ESM TaskingGenerated

ESMCollection

ESM'Pictures'

Generated

ECMPlanning

ESM Reports JammingRequest

ECMPermission

ECM TaskingGenerated

ECM Performed &effects Monitoredby ESM Baseline

ECM effectsanalysed

ECM Activity& Effectreported

EWCC Terminal

Integration HQ Terminals

EW Outstations


Integrated EW Demonstration - PF & EOB

Examples of QinetiQ’s Analysis & Integration Software


Real Time Display

Spectrum & Threshold Display

Bearing Axis

ON Fixed Frequency

OFF Fixed Frequency

Handoff Receiver Controls

Emitter Network


Control & Analysis of Modulation Recognition (DOLPHIN)

Automatic Tasking of

DOLPHIN from ANALYST II

Results Display on ANALYST II


Historical Display

Bearing or

Amplitude or

Dwell or

Phase or

Frequency Axis

Time Axis


TDMA Emitter Tracking

DF data showing an emitter detected

by two sensors

Purple dots indicate where emissions have been associated together


Filtering - Options

• Some Current Filter Options:– Signals Type

– Emission Duration

– Signal Modulation

– Signal Name

– Frequency Band

– Fixed Frequency

– Transmission time

– Identifier, Allows advanced filtering on for example REGIONSREGIONS and on specific emission sets.

– Bearing (Same function as zooming)

– Priority Status

– Networks ……...


Real Filtering Example

BearingAxis

Time Axis

AmplitudeScale

No Filters Used

Every Dot\Line is a Transmission

Filtered

Rebro

2x Mobiles

2nd C&C

C&C


PF & EDL Analysis of a Dense Scenario


Emerging Capability - Overview

• QinetiQ has ongoing research & development in many aspects of EW Analysis & Integration:

– Internal Security Control– Security Boundary Control– Enhanced Visualisation & support to key Analysis Processes– Integration with Strategic ELINT feeds– Rapid Report preparation & dissemination (Web Pages, files)– Automatic Alarming– Integration with Spectrum Management (JRFL & ADEF2)– Advanced Datarate control techniques– Path Propagation & DTED Planning tools– Resource Management (Users, Tasks, Assets, Security)– Precision Geolocation control & analysis (TDOA, FDOA, etc.)– Synthetic Scenario Stimuli & Instrumentation (to allow benefit analysis)– Specific Emitter Tracking

Conclusions


Key Lessons Learned

• Integrated System Design is possible!!

• Some Benefits confirmed e.g.– Targeted tasking of modulation recognition from main comms ES sensors

– High POI Comms ES used to cue Non-Comms ES (to obtain unit functionality etc.)

– Near-real time Position Fixing from Comms ES ideal for surgical cueing of Comms EA

• Flexibility is the key - for functionality, automation, size & data links

• further work / emerging capability

Questions?

Peter Clarke, CEngCapability Manager - EW Analysis & IntegrationQinetiQ ltd. Malvern, UKtel: +44 (0)1684 [email protected]

peter clarke - ew analysis & integration€¢ geolocation approaches ... – rapid report...

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