pete 310 lectures 12 & 13 - properties of dry gases€¦ · ppt file · web view ·...
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PETE 310
Lectures # 12 -13Properties of Dry Gases
(pages 165-187)
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Phase Diagram of a Dry Gas Reservoir
Temperature
Pres
sure
Path of Production
Initial Reservoir Conditions
Separator Conditions
CP
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DRY GAS RESERVOIRS:– GOR > 100,000 SCF/STB– No liquid produced at surface– Mostly methane
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Standard Conditions
Unify volumes to common grounds for sales and regulatory purposes– T = 60 0F– P = 14.65 – 15.025 (State dependent)
ThenVM = RTsc/Psc
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Reservoir Engineering Properties of Dry Gases
Gas formation volume factor Bg
Reservoir ConditionsReservoir ConditionsStandard ConditionsStandard Conditions
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[res bbl/SCF] or [ft3/SCF]Gas Formation Volume Factor
SC
Rg V
VB
Volume of an arbitrary amount Volume of an arbitrary amount of gas at reservoir T & P of gas at reservoir T & P
Volume of Volume of SAMESAME amount at amount at
standard T & P standard T & P
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[res bbl/SCF] or [ft3/SCF]Gas Formation Volume Factor
SC
SCSC
PnRTZP
ZnRT
Bg
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Gas Formation Volume Factor
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[res bbl/SCF] or [ft3/SCF]Gas Formation Volume Factor
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Viscosity Definition & Units
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow exerted by a fluid
This is called dynamic viscosity and has units of centipoise = g mass / 100 sec cm
Kinematic viscosity is viscosity / density, units are in centistokes = centipoise /g/cc
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Reservoir Engineering Properties of Dry Gases
Gas Viscosity
Visc
osity
(cp)
Visc
osity
(cp)
PressurePressure
T increasingT increasing
100oF150oF
200oF
100oF
150oF
200oF
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Viscosity of Ethane
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Viscosity of Gases at Atmospheric Pressure
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Viscosity of Gas Mixtures
See example 6-9 See example 6-9
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Example
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Example
Read Molecular Weights table A-1 page 492
Read Viscosities figure 6-7Apply formula…
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Gas Viscosity if Composition is Unknown
Still at atmospheric Still at atmospheric pressure!pressure!
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Viscosity Corrections
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Viscosity of Gases at High Pressure
=ratio*=ratio*atat
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Viscosity of Gases at High Pressure
make suremake sureyou checkyou checkthe the specificspecificgravity gravity rangerange
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Accuracy for Viscosity Correlations?
At low Ppr and low gravities + 2%Agreement is less accurate as
specific gravity increases (fig. 6-12 has about 20% accuracy)
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Isothermal Compressibility
Definition
– Derivative is evaluated at constant T = TA and specified pressure P = PA
AT
AAg PV
VTPC
1,
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Isothermal Gas Compressibility
P1
V2V1
TB
P2
Vave= (V1+V2)/2
ATaveAAg PP
VVV
TPC
21
211,
TA
PA
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Isothermal Compressibility (Cg)
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Isothermal Compressibility
Using ideal gas equation
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Isothermal Compressibility
Using real gas equation
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GasGasCompressibilityCompressibility