pesticides and their degradation products in surface water ... - pesticide degradates.pdf ·...
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Pesticides and their DegradationProducts in Surface Water and Ground
Water of the Mid-Atlantic Region
Jeffrey M Fischer
US Geological SurveyTrenton NJ
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Why study PesticideDegradation Products?
• When measured, degradation productsare often detected more frequently thanparent compounds.
• Concentrations of pesticide degradatesoften exceed concentrations of parentcompounds.
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Sources of Data
• Primarily NationalWater QualityAssessmentProgram (NAWQA)
• State Programs• Cooperative studies
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What analyze for?• Widely used pesticides and their degradation
products.• 2-3 lab schedules, >150 compounds
Delaware River Basin Agricultural Pesticide Use, 1992(usage greater than 25,000 pounds per year shown)
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
SULFUR
METOLACHLO
RATRAZIN
E
OILALA
CHLOR
CAPTAN
PENDIMETH
ALINGLY
PHOSATE
CHLOROTHALO
NILMANCOZEBCYANAZIN
E
2_4_
DCHLO
RPYRIFOS
LINURON
CRYOLITE
SIMAZIN
EMETHOMYL
MANEB
METHYL_BROMID
E
Poun
ds A
pplie
d
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Frequently Detected Pesticides
Primarilydiscussingdegradationproducts of:
• TriazineHerbicides
• AcetalinideHerbicides
• Few OtherPesticides
Detection frequenciesvary seasonally
Detections greater instreams than wells
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Herbicide Degradates in StreamsMetolachlor degradates in the Schuylkill River
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GeologicDifferences
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%
ATRAZINE
DEETHYL ATRAZINE
DEETHYLDEISOPROPYL ATRAZINE
Perc
ent D
etec
tion Piedmont
Valley & RidgeGlacial Fill
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%
METOLACHLOR
METOLACHLOR ESA
METOLACHLOR OA
Perc
ent D
etec
tion
PiedmontValley & RidgeGlacial Fill
• Time since applied• Age of water• Thickness of
Unsaturated Zone?• Permeability?• Soil Properties?
Not
de
tect
ed
Not
de
tect
ed
Not
de
tect
ed
Long Island
Long Island
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Pesticide Concentrations inStreams and Domestic Wells
• Degradateconcentrationstypically are equalto or greater thanparents
• Degradates haveno drinking waterstandards, butsometimesapproach MCL forparents.
Concentration (ug/L)
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Toxicity of Degradates
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• In surface water:• Sampled Raritan and Delaware Rivers• 32 of 83 pesticides detected, including• 9 degradates
• In ground water:• Sampled 34 monitoring wells in Coastal
Plain• 135 of 137 pesticides detected, including• 34 degradates
Frequently Detected Pesticides in Ground Water
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Simazine,
CEAT
CIAT
Caffeine,
Atrazine,
Prometon,
Imidacloprid,
Dieldrin,
Fenuron,
Metolachlor,
3-Ketocarbofuran,
3,5-Dichloroaniline,
OIET
Acifluorfen,
Imazethapyr,
Metsulfuron,
Fipronil sulfone
Metalaxyl,
Carbaryl,
Percent Detection
Other Recent Pesticide Sampling
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Other Pesticide Degradates
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Fipronil
Desulfinyl fipronil
Desulfinylfipronilamide
Fipronil sulfide
Fipronil sulfone
Streamswells
• Fipronil Maximum Parent concentrations• SW=0.020 ug/L; GW=0.100 ug/L
• Maximum Degradate concentrations• SW=0.013 ug/L; GW=0.194 ug/L
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Summary• Pesticide degradation products are often
detected more frequently than parentcompounds.
• Concentrations of pesticide degradates oftenexceed concentrations of parent compounds,especially in ground water.
• Formation of degradation products iscontrolled by geologic and hydrologicconditions as well as chemical properties.
• Degradation products have no standards forprotection of humans or wildlife.