pesticide regulation susan king extension specialist university of delaware
TRANSCRIPT
Pesticide Regulation
Susan King
Extension Specialist
University of Delaware
Pesticide Regulation
• Pesticide Laws
• Pesticide Registration
FQPA
Pesticide Laws
• Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act – FIFRA
• Food Quality Protection Act – FQPA
Pesticide Law
FIFRA• General Use Pesticides– Anyone may use
Pesticide LawFIFRA• General Use Pesticides– Anyone may use
• Restricted Use Pesticides– Certified Licensed Applicators
Pesticide LawFIFRA
EPA determines how pesticides are
Registered
Pesticide LawFIFRA
EPA determines how pesticides are
Sold Disposed of
Stored Handled
Transported Applied
Pesticide Registration
Tests:
• Toxicology–Single dose
Pesticide Registration
Tests: • Toxicology
–Lifetime exposure•Reproduction
•Mutations
•Cancer
Pesticide Registration
Tests:
• Environmental fate–Breakdown in soil, water
Pesticide Registration
Tests:• Environmental fate
–Movement•Runoff
•Leaching
•Drift
Pesticide Registration
Tests:
• Ecological effects–Birds
–Fish
–Non-target plants
Pesticide Registration
Tests:
• Residue Analysis
Pesticide Registration
Residue Analysis:Pesticide applied according to
proposed label rates & procedures.
Then pesticide residues on crops are measured.
How much residue is safe?
Pesticide Tolerances
The amount of pesticide residue that will be legally allowed on food.
300 ppm =No Effect Level
300 ppm =No Effect Level
10 X, animal test
30 ppm
300 ppm =No Effect Level
10 X, animal test
3 ppm
30 ppm
10X, human variability
300 ppm =No Effect Level
10 X, animal test
3 ppm
0.3 ppm
30 ppm
10x, kids
10X, human variability
0.3 ppm spread over 5 crops = Tolerance
Average 0.06 ppm each
Pesticide Registration
Residue Testing Tolerance Setting
If residue < tolerance,
Pesticide registered
Safety Nets
• Never eat all crops in one day!
• Every day!
• For 70 years!
Safety Nets
• Never eat all crops in one day!
• Every day!
• For 70 years!
• Max rate not used!
• To all fields!
• To all parts of field!
Explain pesticide registration to your neighbor.
FQPA --
The Food Quality Protection Actof 1996
FQPA
“Reasonable certainty that no harm will result
from aggregate pesticide exposure”
FQPA
The Risk Cup
EPA has compared setting tolerances to filling a “Risk Cup”
Exposure that you could receive every day.
For 70 years. With no significant risk of long term, health effects.
The Risk Cup
EPA must lump compounds with a common mechanism of toxicity
Common Mode of Action
39OP’s
mal
athi
onGuthion
Lorsban
0.3 ppm OP spread over 5 crops =
Tolerance
Average 0.06 ppm OP each
Pets
Food
Home
Garden Water
EPA must consider aggregate exposure
Aggregate Exposure
Chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban)
Dietary/ Non-Dietary Exposure
&
Common Mechanism of Toxicity
If the risk cup gets full, manufacturers could
reduce risk…
By eliminating uses…
… Especially minor uses!
FQPA HITS
•Methyl parathion•Azinphos methyl•Chlorphyrifos•Bendiocarb• Ethyl parathion
Changes in pesticide labels to reduce risk?
•Reduce number of sprays•Reduce application rate•Change formulation
• Procedure for setting tolerances• Common mode of action• Aggregate exposure
Summary
• Procedure for setting tolerances• Common mode of action• Aggregate exposure
• Manufacturers need to reduce risk
Summary
• Procedure for setting tolerances• Common mode of action• Aggregate exposure
• Manufacturers need to reduce risk• EPA needs “Real Life” data
Summary