pesticide health effects medical education database (phemed) murphy 2010 health effects of...

Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED)Murphy 2010

Health Effects of Health Effects of Pesticides Pesticides

on the Nervous on the Nervous SystemSystem

Helen Murphy – FNP, MHSHelen Murphy – FNP, MHSPacific Northwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center (PNASH)Pacific Northwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center (PNASH)

School of Public Health School of Public Health University of WashingtonUniversity of Washington


Central and Peripheral Nervous System: Central and Peripheral Nervous System: Pesticide Induced Signs and SymptomsPesticide Induced Signs and Symptoms

• ParesthesiasParesthesias• HeadacheHeadache• Behavioral-mood Behavioral-mood

disturbancesdisturbances• Depression/stupor/ Depression/stupor/

coma/respiratory failurecoma/respiratory failure• SeizuresSeizures

• Muscle twitchingMuscle twitching• Tetany, carpopedal spasmsTetany, carpopedal spasms• TremorTremor• Incoordination/ataxiaIncoordination/ataxia• Paresis, muscle weaknessParesis, muscle weakness• Hypotensive shockHypotensive shock• HypertensionHypertension


ParesthesiasParesthesias

• Pyrethroids- cyno group Pyrethroids- cyno group (I) – facial(I) – facial

• Organophosphates (I)Organophosphates (I)• Organochlorines (I)Organochlorines (I)• Phosphides (R)Phosphides (R)• Thiobendazole (Asc)Thiobendazole (Asc)• Nicotine (late)Nicotine (late)

• Inorganic arsenicals (I)Inorganic arsenicals (I)• Organic mercury (F)Organic mercury (F)• Sodium fluoroacetate (R)Sodium fluoroacetate (R)• Carbon disulfide (Fum)Carbon disulfide (Fum)• Thallium – painful (R)Thallium – painful (R)

Facial - transitory Extremities


HeadacheHeadachea common health outcome of pesticide exposurea common health outcome of pesticide exposure

• OP-Carbamates (I)OP-Carbamates (I)• Nicotine (I)Nicotine (I)• Metallic compounds (F): Metallic compounds (F):

mercury, cadmium, mercury, cadmium, copper, organotincopper, organotin

• Thallium (R)Thallium (R)• Fluoride (I)Fluoride (I)• Borates (I)Borates (I)

• Naphthalene (moth balls)Naphthalene (moth balls)• Phosphine (Fum)Phosphine (Fum)• Halocarbon fumigantsHalocarbon fumigants• Creosote (wood Creosote (wood

preservative)preservative)• Diquat (H)Diquat (H)• Cholecalciferol (R)Cholecalciferol (R)• Cyanamid (Fum)Cyanamid (Fum)


Behavioral-mood DisturbancesBehavioral-mood Disturbancesconfusion, excitement, mania, disorientation, emotional liabilityconfusion, excitement, mania, disorientation, emotional liability

• Organic mercury (F)Organic mercury (F)• Inorganic arsenicals (F)Inorganic arsenicals (F)• Organotin cmpds (F)Organotin cmpds (F)• Thallium (R)Thallium (R)• Nicotine (I)Nicotine (I)• Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Sodium fluoroacetate (R)

• Diquat (H)Diquat (H)• Cyanide (Fum)Cyanide (Fum)• Nitrophenols (H)Nitrophenols (H)• Aminopyridine (bird bait)Aminopyridine (bird bait)• Methylbromide (Soil Methylbromide (Soil

fumigant - potatoes) fumigant - potatoes) • Carbon disulfide (Fum)Carbon disulfide (Fum)


Depression, Stupor, Coma, Depression, Stupor, Coma, Respiratory Failure Respiratory Failure without convulsionswithout convulsions

• Op’sOp’s• CarbamatesCarbamates• Sodium Sodium FluorideFluoride (Fum) (Fum)• Borate Borate • DiquatDiquat


SeizuresSeizures• Organochlorines (I)Organochlorines (I)• Strychnine – (R)Strychnine – (R)• Crimidine – (R)Crimidine – (R)• Sodium fluoroacetate (R)Sodium fluoroacetate (R)• Nicotine (I)Nicotine (I)• Cyamide – (R)Cyamide – (R)• Acrylonitrile (Fum)Acrylonitrile (Fum)• Metaldehyde –(slug bait)Metaldehyde –(slug bait)• Thallium – (R)Thallium – (R)• DEET (repellent)DEET (repellent)

• Chlorobenzilate (Asc)Chlorobenzilate (Asc)• Carbon disulfide (Fum)Carbon disulfide (Fum)• Phosphine (Fum)Phosphine (Fum)• Povidone-iodine (D)Povidone-iodine (D)• Hexachlorophene (D)Hexachlorophene (D)• Sodium chlorate (H)Sodium chlorate (H)• Endothall (H)Endothall (H)• Fluoride (I)Fluoride (I)

R=Rodenticide I=Insecticide D=Disinfectant Asc=Ascaride Fum=FumigantR=Rodenticide I=Insecticide D=Disinfectant Asc=Ascaride Fum=Fumigant

H=Herbicide F=fungicideH=Herbicide F=fungicide


Involuntary Muscle MovementsInvoluntary Muscle Movements

• OP’sOP’s• CarbamatesCarbamates• NicotineNicotine• Sulfuryl fluoride (Fum)Sulfuryl fluoride (Fum)

• Organic mercuryOrganic mercury• ThalliumThallium• OPsOPs• CarbamatesCarbamates• NicotineNicotine• Metaldehyde (slug bait)Metaldehyde (slug bait)• Borates (roach and ant Borates (roach and ant

control)control)

FasciculationsFasciculations TremorsTremors


Incoordination & Muscle WeaknessIncoordination & Muscle Weakness

• Halocarbon fumigantsHalocarbon fumigants• OpsOps• CarbamatesCarbamates• Carbon disulfideCarbon disulfide• NicotineNicotine• ThalliumThallium

• Inorganic arsenicalsInorganic arsenicals• OP’sOP’s• CarbamatesCarbamates• NicotineNicotine

Ataxia – IncoordinationAtaxia – Incoordination Paralysis/ParesisParalysis/Paresis


Neurological Effects on the Neurological Effects on the Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

• Thallium (early)Thallium (early)• Nicotine (early)Nicotine (early)• OP’sOP’s

• PhosphorusPhosphorus• PhosphidesPhosphides• PhosphinePhosphine• Sodium fluorideSodium fluoride• Sodium chlorateSodium chlorate• BorateBorate• ThalliumThallium• EndothallEndothall• CyanamideCyanamide

HypertensionHypertension Hypotensive Shock Hypotensive Shock

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