PESTICIDE ANALYSIS IN 100% ORGANIC VERSUS NON-ORGANIC COLD PRESSED JUICE

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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................31.1 WHATISCOLD-PRESSEDJUICE?.....................................................................................31.2 HEALTHBENEFITSOFCOLD-PRESSEDJUICE....................................................................31.3 PESTICIDESANDHUMANHEALTH..................................................................................5

2. MATERIALS&METHODS............................................................................................72.1 COLDPRESSEDJUICEPREPARATION...............................................................................72.2 PESTICIDES:ORGANICVSNON-ORGANICCOLDPRESSEDJUICE......................................7

2 PESTICIDERESULTS....................................................................................................8

3 DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................8

4 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................9

Bibliography....................................................................................................................10

APPENDIX........................................................................................................................13

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 WHATISCOLD-PRESSEDJUICE? The process of making juice includes mechanically squeezing or cold-pressing fruit or vegetable flesh without the application of heat or solvents. Juice can be prepared at home in conventional liquidizers, blenders or cold-pressed juicers. Commercially, the difference is that there are a number of methods of preserving juices which include canning, pasteurization, concentrating, freezing, evaporating and spray drying. Furthermore, many commercial juices are filtered to remove fibre or pulp and sugar or artificial flavourings are added. Cold-pressed juice is a method of extracting fruit and vegetable juice which is similar to that of extracting virgin olive oil. In the commercial process of cold-pressed juicing, fruit and vegetables are washed, peeled if necessary (e.g. in the case of citrus fruit) and then added to the cold pressed juicer which cuts and then subjects the pulp to extremely high pressure. Juice is kept at 0-4 C and immediately bottled and refrigerated. Subsequently, cold-pressed juice can either be subjected to HPP process so that it can be preserved to up to 1 month or not. If not subjected to HPP a cold-pressed juice can be kept up to 5 days. This is an organoleptic best sold by date but no scientific evidence has been found in the literature about the preservation of nutritional benefits of these juices for this period. HPP is a preservation method which stands for ‘high pressure pascalization or processing,’ and it’s replacing pasteurization and preservatives as the way to take a food product to the masses. Brainstormed in the late 1700s by French scientist Blaise Pascal, HPP has been used for jelly, salad dressing, shellfish, and guacamole as early as the 1990s. It is said that HPP effectively kills pathogens and extends the shelf-life the way flash pasteurization aims to, but without the harmful effects of heat on the nutritional value. However, it is doubtful that a cold-pressed juice subjected to HPP will have the same health benefits as a cold-pressed juice with no HPP. In this study, the juice examined is raw cold-pressed juice with no HPP. 1.2 HEALTHBENEFITSOFCOLD-PRESSEDJUICE There is indeed much controversy about the benefits and risks of juice consumption. Having said this, most studies speaking about the health benefits or risks of juice are focusing on the globally most commonly consumed juice which is pasteurised and artificially sweetened. There are no published studies focusing on the benefits of organic cold-pressed fruit and vegetable juice with no HPP preservation method. Since juices do not contain fibre from the fruits, many further benefits are found in whole fruits. Furthermore, most polyphenols are bound to the plant fibres and constitute the major portion of dietary phytonutrients [1] . There is therefore a reduction in nutritional benefit from consuming fruit juice compared to the consumption of whole fruits and thus nutritionists recommend that fruit and vegetables are consumed in whole form rather than juice form.

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Furthermore, according to the recommendation by 2010 Dietary Guideline for Americans, fruit juice is considered to be less desirable because it has less dietary fibre than whole fruit [2]. Fibre has a function in lowering glycaemic index which is higher in juices and lower in whole fruits. Fruit juice is also criticized by its concentrated or additionally supplemented sugars, contributing to extra calories when consumed in excess [3]. Cold-pressed juicing does remove the insoluble fibre from vegetables and fruit but the soluble fibre (like pectin) still stays. Clearly, we need to consume both types of fibre for a healthy diet but with organic cold-pressed juice, by consuming raw vegetables and fruit in liquid form, we are giving our bodies a nutrient delivery system that lets people who would otherwise have difficulty consuming the amounts of whole fruit and vegetables we need to be healthy, the opportunity to reap the vitamin, mineral and polyphenol benefits these raw ingredients have to offer. On a more general level, there is much evidence to indicate that natural products such as vegetables, fruit and medicinal plants possess high antioxidant activities [4] [5] [6] [7] [8], which could be employed to prevent or treat several chronic noncommunicable diseases caused by oxidative stress [9] [10]. Epidemiological studies have also revealed that consuming fruits and vegetables is negatively associated with chronic noncommunicable diseases. Nutritionists have recommended that the public should eat more vegetables and fruits. Drinking juice is an effective method to promote consumption of fruit and vegetables, and is very popular in many countries. A large amount of evidence shows that juice can be part of a balanced diet offering profound risk reduction of many diseases, such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases [11] [12] [13]. According to a recent review by Zheng et al, drinking fruit and vegetable juices might be a potential way to improve cardiovascular health, especially mixtures of juices because they contain a variety of polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals from different fruits and vegetables [14]. The general consumer trend for 2017 according to the Mintel food and drink report [15] , shows two relevant trends for the healthy sector in general and for the cold-pressed juice market in particular:

- The preference for natural, simple and flexible diets will drive further expansion of vegetarian, vegan and other plant-focused formulations. Mintel finds that consumers are looking for convenient ways to reach their recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables

- The time investments required for products and meals will become as influential as nutrition or ingredient claims. With our multitasking life styles, people are looking for fresh, nutritious but shortcut solutions to save time. This does not mean that food has to be “fast”, actually, consumers are looking for healthy but “slow” claims.

In our current life style, people often don’t consume the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables due to time constraints or because of lack of healthy habits. Organic cold-pressed fruit and vegetable juice which conserves soluble fibre can therefore help to meet the daily recommendations of fresh fruit and vegetable consumption.

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1.3 PESTICIDESANDHUMANHEALTH Examining the risks of pesticides when talking about cold-pressed juice is essential. If consumers are drinking a cold-pressed juice for its vitamin, mineral and phytonutrient health benefits, it is preferable that the raw ingredients are organic because otherwise the health benefits may be totally outridden by the detrimental effects of the pesticides in the juice. The term pesticide is often misunderstood to refer only to insecticides but in fact pesticides are toxic substances released deliberately to kill living organisms including all of the following: algae (algicide), birds (avicide), bacteria (bactericide), fungi (fungicide), weeds (herbicide), insects (insecticide), mites (miticide), snails/slugs (molluscicide), nematods (nematicide), fish (piscicide), rodents (rodenticide). Agriculture is the largest consumer of pesticides with about 85% of world production of pesticides to chemically control various pests [16]. The most recent review on health and pesticides by Ki-Hyun Kim et al [17] concludes that the statistical associations between exposure to certain pesticides and the incidence of some diseases are compelling and cannot be ignored. Evidence from studies suggests that pesticide may be related to various diseases including cancer, asthma, diabetes and Parkinson´s disease (summarised in Fig 1)

Fig. 1: Health effects of pesticides (figure extracted from Ki-Hyun Kim et al [17] ) The link between pesticide and cancer has been reported in many studies. Furthermore, there is clear evidence for a link between pesticides and a leukaemia. Indeed, Turner et al found that exposure during pregnancy to unspecified residential pesticides, were positively associated with childhood leukaemia [18] . Several clinical and epidemiological studies have reported an association between pesticide exposure and symptoms of bronchial hyper-reactivity and asthma. Pesticides are thought to exacerbate asthma via irritation, inflammation, immunosuppression, or endocrine disruption [19]. Exposure to pesticides, in particular organochlorides and metabolites, is thought to have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes [20]. In terms of neurological diseases, the evidence is limited but compelling evidence is growing in relation to exposure to pesticides at an early age and impact on neurological diseases. Of major concern are three independent studies on the prenatal exposure to organophosphorus pesticides and cognitive abilities on children reported lower IQ, poorer working memory and

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perceptual reasoning [21] [22] [23].

Also, epidemiological evidence of association of pesticides with Parkinson´s disease is compelling. However, most of the evidence here is in relation to occupational exposure to pesticides.

In terms of impact on fertility, a study by Chiu et al shows that consuming fruits and vegetables with high levels of pesticide residues is associated with lower sperm quality in men presenting to a fertility clinic [24].

Pesticide poisoning has been reported as a major problem in some parts of the developing world leading to cases of death in China [25]. In the European context, it is to be said that there is a large body of EU legislation which regulates the marketing and use of pesticides and their residues in food. Pesticides cannot be placed on the market or used without prior authorisation. They are principally regulated by the framework Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. The legal limits for pesticide residues in food and feed are covered by Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. The EU approach to pesticide regulation is much more precautionary than the US approach. However, although the EU pesticide regulation is supposed to ensure our safety, there are areas in which the speed of updating the regulations may be too slow to ensure our safety. An example of this is that in 2011, due to growing concern, the European Union decided to restrict the use of pesticides that act as endocrine disruptors. But that legislation could not be fully implemented until members of the European Commission could agree on an official definition of “endocrine disrupting chemicals.” These decisions can take years which is to the detriment of the populations safety. Recent in vivo research by Kugathas et al [26] shows that some pesticides which are commonly used in the European Union (boscalid, chlorpropham, cypermethrin, cyprodinil, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, imazalil, imidacloprid, iprodione, linuron, methiocarb, 0-phenylphenol, pirimiphos-methyl, pyrimethanil, and tubuconazole) suppressed prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) synthesis. There are concerns that diminished prostaglandin action in foetal life could increase the risk of congenital malformations. When it comes to organic produce, European legislation is stringent in the regulations. Organic farmers, processors and traders, must comply with strict EU requirements if they want to use the EU organic logo or label their products as organic. There is a strict control system where checks are carried out at every stage of the organic chain. Furthermore, operators (farmers, processors, traders, importers or exporters) are checked at least once per year. The objective of this study was to analyse the concentration of pesticides in Loup&Filles organic cold-pressed juice versus a non-organic cold pressed juice to determine whether further more in depth studies would be worthwhile in order to better inform people on the benefits and risks of what they are consuming.

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2. MATERIALS&METHODS 2.1 COLDPRESSEDJUICEPREPARATION Cold pressed juice was prepared at LOUP&FILLES juicing lab with an industrial cold-pressed juicer. The organic juice analysed was LUNA which contains the following 100% organic ingredients: apple, beetroot, carrot, lemon and ginger. All ingredients were sourced from a 100% organic provider. Juice was prepared in the lab, bottled and kept at 0-4 C, then transported in isothermal boxes to Merieux NutrisSciences lab on the same day for analysis. The non-organic cold pressed juice was a commercially available juice with similar ingredients (also contains contains beetroot, carrot, lemon and ginger as well as a set of different ingredients: pear, pineapple and orange) 2.2 PESTICIDES:ORGANICVSNON-ORGANICCOLDPRESSEDJUICE We analysed a set of pesticides in the 100% organic LUNA juice from LOUP&FILLES and a non-organic commercially available juice with a similar set of ingredients.

Fig. 2: 100% organic Luna juice from Loup&Filles

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A standard multiresidue package of 525 pesticides was analysed. The 525 pesticides analysed are listed in appendix 1. The extended plus multiresidue pesticide package had 617 molecules but this was not chosen due to budget restrictions for this study. We are conscious that for statistical significance, the tests will have to be performed with a higher n number. Due to budget restrictions, we only performed the tests on one sample of organic and one sample of non-organic juice.

2 PESTICIDERESULTS Results of the organic LOUP&FILLES cold-pressed Luna juice showed no detection of any of the 525 pesticides analysed in the test. However, the non-organic juice showed significant concentration of a fungicide called IMAZALIL. IMAZALIL was detected at 0,030 ±0.008 mg/kg.

3 DISCUSSION We found no pesticides in the organic cold-pressed juice as we had expected but the non-organic cold-pressed juice did contain relevant concentrations of IMAZALIL. Imazalil (synonyms enilconazole, chloramizole) is a fungicide widely used in agriculture, used in a variety of fruits and vegetables, but particularly in citrus fruits [27]. In the US Environmental Protection Agency 2005 report [28], Imazalil´s human toxicity is classified as “Likely to be carcinogenic in humans,”. Carcinogenicity studies in rodents indicate imazalil is carcinogenic based on a significant increase in liver adenomas and combined adenomas/carcinomas. Based on current science policy and absent information supporting a mode of action in test animals, EPA has quantified the human cancer risk by a linear low-dose (Q1 * ) extrapolation. The most potent unit risk for imazalil based on mouse liver adenoma and/or carcinoma combined tumour rates is 6 x 10-2 (mg/kg/day)-1 in human equivalents. In Europe, the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of imazalil for humans has been set at 0,03 mg/kg body weight whereas the acute reference dose (ARfD) is 0,05 mg/kg body weight [29] [30] Aside from literature on Imazalil and cancer, more recent in vivo research links this pesticide to neurobehavioral adverse effects, microbiota dysbiosis and endocrine disruption. Tanaka et al [31] have described that imazalil produces several significant effects on neurobehavioral parameters in mice affecting coordinated movement via central nervous system action. However, the authors conclude that the dose levels used in the study which were based on current acceptable daily intake (0,03 mg/kg bw) are thought to be much higher than the imazalil daily intake in Japan which is estimated at 0,04 µg/kg bw/day according to the Japanese Ministry of Health [32]. Research by Jin et al [33] shows that imazalil poses another risk to human health in that it induces microbiota dysbiosis and colonic inflammation in mice. It is well known that a large number of microbial species reside in our intestinal tract, and a substantial part of them are

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beneficial for health. Gut microbiota-secreted vitamins and short-chain fatty acids promote the development of the intestinal immune system [34], and gut microbiota is associated with steroid metabolism [35], intestinal inflammation [36], bile acid circulation [37] and fat metabolism [38]. In fact, Ley et al (ref), reported that increase proportion of Firmicudes in the gut microbiota promotes nutrient absorption and correlates with the development of obesity. In vitro evidence, shows that Imazalil is also an endocrine disruptor due to its activity as a suppressor of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). It is thought that chronic exposure to multiple endocrine disruptors that interfere with PGD2 signalling and diminish androgen action, may pose previously unrecognized risks to developing male foetuses [39]. So, in the context of this analysis on non-organic cold-pressed juice, the concentrations of Imazalil found is within the EU authority acceptable concentrations. However, according to recent research exposing Imazalil risks on microbiota dysbiosis and endocrine disruption, it would appear that further animal toxicology studies would be necessary to further assess the current accepted daily intake quantities of this so widely used fungicide which we are all exposed to when eating non-organic fruit and vegetables.

4 CONCLUSION In conclusion, we find that people tend to consume any kind of cold-pressed juice thinking they are doing something beneficial for their health. However, in the case of non-organic cold-pressed juice, presence of certain pesticides may outweigh the vitamin antioxidant benefits of drinking these juices. We have detected in one analysed sample of non-organic cold-pressed juice, significant concentrations of Imazalil fungicide. Although these concentrations are within the currently established EU limits, who can ensure to us as consumers that further health risks which are being studied currently, such as endocrine disruption and microbiota dysbiosis, may lead to decreasing the acceptable daily intake in the future. This may be true for many other pesticides present in the fruit and vegetables we consume and the statistical associations between exposure to certain pesticides and the incidence of some diseases are compelling and cannot be ignored. Future research should concentrate on doing this test with higher sample numbers.

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APPENDIX Appendix 1: Pesticides included in STANDARD Pesticide molecule analyses by Merieux Nutrisciences

STANDARD STANDARD Multiresidue package 525 molecules

for LOQ please refer to EXTENDED PLUS

Description Method Accreditation

6-Benzyladenine UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Abamectin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Acephate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Acequinocyl UNIEN15662:2009 No

Acequinocyl-Hidroxy UNIEN15662:2009 No

Acetamiprid UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Acetochlor UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Aclonifen UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Acrinathrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Alachlor UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Aldicarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Aldicarbsulfone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Aldicarbsulfoxide UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Aldicarb(sumofaldicarb,itssulfoxideanditssulfone,expressedasaldicarb)

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Aldrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dieldrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

AldrinandDieldrin(Aldrinanddieldrincombinedexpressedasdieldrin) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Allethrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Haloxyfop-etotyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ametoctradin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ametryn UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Aminocarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Amisulbrom UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Amitraz UNIEN15662:2009 No

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Dimethylphenyl-N-methylformamidine,N-2,4-(met.Amitraz) UNIEN15662:2009 No

Dimethylphenylformamide,2,4-(met.Amitraz) UNIEN15662:2009 No

2,4-dimethylaniline UNIEN15662:2009 No

Amitraz(amitrazincludingthemetabolitescontainingthe2,4-dimethylanilinemoietyexpressedasamitraz)

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Asulam UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Atrazine UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Deisopropyl-atrazine UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Azaconazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Azadirachtin UNIEN15662:2009 No

Azinphos-ethyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Azinphos-methy UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Azoxystrobin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Barban UNIEN15662:2009 YesBenalaxylincludingothermixturesofconstituentisomersincludingbenalaxyl-M(sumofisomers)

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Bendiocarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Benfluralin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Benfuracarb UNIEN15662:2009 No

Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Benzoylprop-ethyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Benzoximate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Benzthiazuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Bifenox UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Bifenthrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Bitertanol UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Boscalid UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Bromacil UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Bromocyclen UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Bromophos-ethyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Bromophos-methyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Bromopropylate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Bromuconazole(sumofdiasteroisomers) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Bupirimate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Buprofezin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Butachlor UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

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Butafenacil UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Butylate UNIEN15662:2009 No

Butocarboxim UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Butoxycarboxim UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Butralin UNIEN15662:2009 No

Buturon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cadusafos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Carbaryl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Carbendazimandbenomyl(sumofbenomylandcarbendazimexpressedascarbendazim) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Carbetamide UNIEN15662:2009 No

Carbophenothion UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Carbophenothion-methyl UNIEN15662:2009 No

Carbofuran UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

3-hydroxy-carbofuran UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Carbofuran(sumofcarbofuranand3-hydroxy-carbofuranexpressedascarbofuran) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Carboxin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Carbosulfan UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chinomethionat UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cyhalofop UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cyanazine UNIEN15662:2009 No

Cyanofenphos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cyanophos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cyazofamid UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cycloate UNIEN15662:2009 No

Cycloxydim UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cycluron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cyphenotrin(sumoftheisomers) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cyflufenamid:sumofcyflufenamid(Z-isomer)anditsE-isomer UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cyfluthrin(cyfluthrinincludingothermixturesofconstituentisomers(sumofisomers) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cymiazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cymoxanil UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cypermethrin(cypermethrinincludingothermixturesofconstituentisomers(sumofisomers)) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

16

Cyproconazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cyprodinil UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cyromazine UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Clethodim UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Climbazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Clodinafop-propargyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Clofentezine UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Clomazone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Cloquintocet-mexyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorantraniliprole(DPXE-2Y45) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorbenside UNIEN15662:2009 No

Chlorbromuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorbufam UNIEN15662:2009 No

Cis-chlordane UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Trans-chlordane UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlordane(sumofcis-andtrans-chlordane) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlordimeform UNIEN15662:2009 No

Chlorfenapyr UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorfenvinphos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorfluazuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chloridazon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlormephos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorobenzilate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chloroneb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chloropropylate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chloroxuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorpyrifos-ethyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorpyrifos-methyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorpropham UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorthiamid UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlortiophos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorthion UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Chlorotoluron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

17

Chlozolinate UNIEN15662:2009 No

Coumaphos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Crimidine UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

o,p'DDT UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

p,p'DDD UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

p,p'DDE UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

p,p'DDT UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

DDT(sumofp,p'-DDT,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDEep,p'TDE(DDD)expressedasDDT) UNIEN15662:2009 No

Deltamethrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Demeton-S-methyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Demeton-S-methylsulphone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Oxydemeton-methyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Oxydemeton-methyl(sumofoxydemeton-methylanddemeton-S-methylsulfoneexpressedasoxydemeton-methyl)

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Atrazine-desethyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Terbuthylazine-desetyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Desmedipham UNIEN15662:2009 No

Desmetryn UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dialifos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Di-allate UNIEN15662:2009 No

Diazinon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dichlobenil UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Diclobutrazol UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Diclocymet UNIEN15662:2009 No

Dichlofenthion UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dichlofluanind UNIEN15662:2009 No

Dicloran UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dichlorvos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dicofol(sumofp,p´ando,p´isomers) UNIEN15662:2009 No

Dicrotophos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Diethyltoluamide(DEET) UNIEN15662:2009 No

Diethofencarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Diphenamid UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Diphenylamine UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Difenoconazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Diflubenzuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

18

Diflufenican UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dimepiperate UNIEN15662:2009 YesDimethenamid-p(dimethenamid-pincludingothermixturesofconstituentisomers(sumofisomers)

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dimethametryn UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dimethoate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Omethoate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dimethoate(sumofdimethoateandomethoateexpressedasdimethoate) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dimethomorph(sumofisomers) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dimoxystrobin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Diniconazole(sumofisomers) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dioxacarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dioxathion(sumofisomers) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dipropetryn UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ditalimfos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Diuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Dodine UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Edifenphos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

EmamectinbenzoateB1a,expressedasemamectin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Endosulfan-alpha UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Endosulfan-beta UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Endosulfan-sulphate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Endosulfan(sumofalpha-andbeta-isomersandendosulfan-sulphateexpressesasendosulfan) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Endrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

EPN UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Epoxiconazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Heptachlor UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Heptachlorepoxide-Cis UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Heptachlorepoxide-Trans UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Heptachlor(sumofheptachlorandheptachlorepoxideexpressedasheptachlor) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

EPTC(ethyldipropylthiocarbamate) UNIEN15662:2009 No

19

Heptenophos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Hexachlorobenzene UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Hexachlorociclohexane(HCH),alpha-isomer UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Hexachlorociclohexane(HCH),beta-isomer UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Hexachlorociclohexane(HCH),delta-isomer UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Hexachlorociclohexane(HCH),sumofisomers,exceptthegammaisomer

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Hexaconazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Hexazinone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Etaconazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ethalfluralin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ethiofencarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ethiofencarb-sulfone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ethiofencarb-sulfoxide UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ethion UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ethirimol UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Etofenprox UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ethofumesate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ethofumesate-2-keto UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ethofumesate(sumofethofumesateandthemetabolite2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-benzofuran-5-ylmethanesulphonateexpressedasethofumesate)

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Ethoprophos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Etoxazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Etridiazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Etrimfos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Hexythiazox UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Famoxadone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Famphur UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenamidone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenamiphos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenamiphossulphone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenamiphossulphoxide UNIEN15662:2009 YesFenamiphos(sumoffenamiphosanditssulphoxideandsulphoneexpressedasfenamiphos)

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

20

Fenamirol UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenazaquin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenbuconazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenchlorphos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenchlorphosoxon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenchlorphos(sumoffenchlorphosandfenchlorphosoxonexpressedasfenchlorphos) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenhexamid UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenfluthrin UNIEN15662:2009 No

Fenitrothion UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phenmedipham UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenothiocarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phenothrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenoxycarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenpyrazamine UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenpyroximate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenpropathrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenpropidin(sumoffenpropidinanditssalts,expressedasfenpropidin)

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenpropimorph UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fensulfothion UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenthion UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenthionoxon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenthionoxonsulfone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenthionoxonsulfoxide UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenthionsulfone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenthionsulfoxide UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenthion(fenthionanditsoxigenanalogue,theirsulfoxidesandsulfoneexpressedasparent)

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phenthoate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fenvalerate(anyratioofconstituentisomers(RR,SS,RS&SR)includingesfenvalerate) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fipronil UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

FipronilSulfone UNIEN15662:2009 No

Fipronil(sumfipronil+sulfonemetabolite(MB46136)expressedasfipronil) UNIEN15662:2009 No

Flamprop-isopropyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Florasulam UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

21

Flucycloxuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Flucythrinate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fluchoralin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Flufenacet UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Flufenoxuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fluopicolide UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fluopyram UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fluotrimazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fluoxastrobin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fluquiconazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Flurochoridone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Flurprimidole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Flusilazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fluthiacet UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Flutolanil UNIEN15662:2009 No

Flutriafol UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fonofos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phorate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phoratoxon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phoratoxonsulfone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phorate-sulfone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phorate(sumofphorate,itsoxygenanalogueandtheirsulfonesexpressedasphorate)

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phorate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Forchlorfenuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Formetanate:Sumofformetanateanditssaltsexpressedasformetanate(hydrochloride) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Formothion UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phosalone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phosphamidon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phosmet UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phosmetoxon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Phosmet(phosmetandphosmetoxonexpressedasphosmet) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Fosthiazate UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

22

Phoxim UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Furalaxyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Furathiocarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Helfenprox UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Imazalil UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Imazamethabenz UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Imidacloprid UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Indoxacarb(sumofindoxacarbanditsRenantiomer) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Iodofenphos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Iprobenfos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Iprodione UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Iprovalicarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Isazofos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Isocarbophos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Isodrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Isofenphos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Isofenphos-methyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Isoprocarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Isopropalin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Isoprothiolane UNIEN15662:2009 No

Isoproturon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Isoxaben UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Isoxadifen-ethyl UNIEN15662:2009 No

Isoxaflutole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Isoxathion UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Kresoxim-methyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Lambda-Cyhalothrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Landrin(Trimetacarb3,4,5) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Lenacil UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Leptophos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Lindane(Gamma-isomerofhexachlorociclohexane(HCH)) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Linuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Malaoxon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Malathion UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Malathion(sumofmalathionandmalaoxonexpressedasmalathion) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Mandipropamid UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

23

Mecarbam UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Mefenpyr-diethyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Mepanipyrim UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Mepronil UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methabenzthiazuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methacrifos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Metaflumizone(sumofE-andZ-isomers) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Metalaxylandmetalaxyl-M(metalaxylincludingothermixturesofconstituentisomersincludingmetalaxyl-M(sumofisomers))

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methamidophos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Metamitron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Metazachlor UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Metconazole UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methidathion UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methiocarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methiocarbsulfone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methiocarbsulfoxide UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methiocarb(sumofmethiocarbandmethiocarbsulfoxideandsulfone,expressedasmethiocarb)

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Metobromuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

MetolachlorandS-metolachlor(metolachlorincludingothermixturesofconstituentisomersincludingS-metolachlor(sumofisomers))

UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Metolcarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methomyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Thiodicarb UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

MethomylandThiodicarb(sumofmethomylandthiodicarbexpressedasmethomyl) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methoprotryne UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methoxychlor UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Methoxyfenozide UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Metosulam UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Metoxuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Metrafenone UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Metribuzin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Mevinphos(sumofE-andZ-isomers) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Myclobutanyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

MilbemectinA3 UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

MilbemectinA4 UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

24

Milbemectin(sumofmilbemectinA4andmilbemectinA3,expressedasmilbemectin) UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Mirex UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Molinate UNIEN15662:2009 No

Monocrotophos UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Monolinuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Monuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

1-Naphthylacetamide UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Naled UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Napropamide UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Neburon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Nitenpyram UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Nitralin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Nitrapyrin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Nitrofen UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Norfluazuron UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Nuarimol UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

o,p'-DDD UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

o,p'-DDE UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

2-phenylphenol UNIEN15662:2009 No

Ofurace UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Oxycarboxin UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Oxadiazon UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Oxadixyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Oxamyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Oxamyl-oxime UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Oxyfluorfen UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Paclobutrazol UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Paraoxon-ethyl UNIEN15662:2009 Yes

Parathion-ethyl UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Parathion-methyl UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Paraoxon-methyl UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Parathion-methyl (sum of Parathion-methyl and paraoxon-methyl expressed as Parathion-methyl)

UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Pebulate UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

25

Pencycuron UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Penconazole UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pendimethalin UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Penoxulam UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Pentachloroanisole UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Penthiopyrad UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Permethrin (sum of isomers) UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Perthane UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Picolinafen UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Picoxystrobin UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Pymetrozine UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pinoxaden UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Piperophos UNI EN 15662:2009 No Piperonyl butoxide UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pyraclostrobin UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pyraflufen-ethyl UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pyrazophos UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pyrethrins UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pyridaben UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pyridaphenthion UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pyridalyl UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pyridate UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Pyrifenox UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Pyrimethanil UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Pirimicarb UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pirimicarb desmethyl UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pirimicarb: sum of pirimicarb and desmethyl pirimicarb expressed as pirimicarb UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Pirimiphos-ethyl UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pirimiphos-methyl UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pyriproxyfen UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pyroxsulam UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pretilachlor UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Procymidone UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Propham UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Profenofos UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Profoxydim UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Promecarb UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Prometon UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Prometryn UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

26

Propamocarb (Sum of propamocarb and its salts, expressed as propamocarb) UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Propanil UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Propaquizafop UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Propargite UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Propazine UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Propetamphos UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Propiconazolo somma di isomeri UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Propyzamide UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Propoxur UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Propoxycarbazone UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Proquinazid UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Prosulfocarb UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Prothiofos UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Prothoate UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Quinalphos UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Quinoxyfen UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Quintozene UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Pentachloro-aniline UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Quintozene (sum of quintozene and pentachloro-aniline expressed as quintozene UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Quizalofop-ethyl UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Resmethrin (resmethrin including other mixtures of consituent isomers (sum of isomers))

UNI EN 15662:2009 No

Rotenone UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Sethoxydim UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Silafluofen UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Silthiofam UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Simazine UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Simetryn UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Spinetoram (XDE-175) UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Spinosad: sum of spinosyn A and spinosyn D, expressed as spinosad (F) UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Spirodiclofen UNI EN 15662:2009 No Spiromesifen UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Spirotetramat UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Spirotetramat, BYI08330-ketohydroxy UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Spirotetramat, BYI08330-enol UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Spirotetramat, BYI08330 enol-glucoside UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Spirotetramat, BYI08330-monohydroxy UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Spirotetramat and its 4 metabolites BYI08330-enol, BYI08330-ketohydroxy, BYI08330-monohydroxy, and BYI08330 enol-glucoside, expressed as spirotetramat (R)

UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

27

Spiroxamina somma di isomeri UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Sulfallate UNI EN 15662:2009 No Sulfotep UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Sulfopros UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Tau-Fluvalinate UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Tebuconazole UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Tebufenozide UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Tebufenpyrad UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Tebupirimifos UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Tecnazene UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Telodrin ( Isobenzan ) UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Temephos UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Tepraloxydim UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Terbacil UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Terbufos UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Terbufos sulfone UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Terbufos sulfoxide UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Terbumeton UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Terbuthylazine UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Terbutryn UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Tetrachlorvinphos UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Tetraconazole UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Tetradifon UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Tetrametrine UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Tetrasul UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Thiabendazole UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Thiacloprid UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Thiamethoxam UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Clothianidin UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Thiobencarb UNI EN 15662:2009 No

Tiocarbazil UNI EN 15662:2009 No Thiophanate-methyl UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Thiofanox UNI EN 15662:2009 No

Thiofanox-sulfone UNI EN 15662:2009 No

Thiofanox-sulfoxide UNI EN 15662:2009 No Thionazin UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Tolclofos-methyl UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Tralkoxydim UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

28

Tralomethrin UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Transfluthrin UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Triadimefon UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Triadimenol UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Triadimefon and triadimenol (sum of triadimefon and triadimenol) UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Tri-allate UNI EN 15662:2009 No Triazamate UNI EN 15662:2009 No Triazophos UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Tricyclazole UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Trichlorfon UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Tridemorph UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Trifloxystrobin UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Triflumizole: UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Trifluralin UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Triforine UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Triticonazole UNI EN 15662:2009 No Uniconazole UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Valifenalate UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

Vamidothion UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes Zoxamide UNI EN 15662:2009 Yes

29