Pest Management Pest Management MethodsMethods

Lecture 15Lecture 15

Student Learning OutcomesStudent Learning Outcomes

Outline what methods are appropriate for Outline what methods are appropriate for managing stored-product pestsmanaging stored-product pests

Think of ways you can combine different pest Think of ways you can combine different pest management methodsmanagement methods

Assessment by instructor:Assessment by instructor: Ability to answer quizzes and second lecture Ability to answer quizzes and second lecture

exam questionsexam questions

Steps in Using an IPM Steps in Using an IPM StrategyStrategy

Identification of the problemIdentification of the problemAssessment of damageAssessment of damageCost-benefit analysisCost-benefit analysisSelection of management tacticsSelection of management tactics Implementation of management tacticsImplementation of management tacticsEfficacy assessmentEfficacy assessmentFollow-up periodic assessmentFollow-up periodic assessment

IPM TacticsIPM Tactics

Do nothing!Do nothing!Regulations Regulations Host resistanceHost resistanceBiological control Biological control Pathogens Pathogens Cultural techniquesCultural techniquesPhysical and mechanical techniquesPhysical and mechanical techniquesChemical modification of behaviorChemical modification of behaviorDisruption of physiologyDisruption of physiology

Do NothingDo Nothing

What pest have you identified?What pest have you identified? Is the pest really doing harm?Is the pest really doing harm?How much damage can be sustained How much damage can be sustained

without an economic loss?without an economic loss? In a successful pest management In a successful pest management

program, only monitoring for the program, only monitoring for the resulting pest population may be resulting pest population may be needed needed

Regulatory ControlRegulatory Control

Quarantine:Quarantine: limits movement of a pest limits movement of a pest Eradication:Eradication: must be applied to relatively must be applied to relatively

small geographic areassmall geographic areasSuppression:Suppression: limits pest levels over large limits pest levels over large

geographic areasgeographic areas

Host ResistanceHost Resistance

Non-preference:Non-preference: host characteristics host characteristics that lead away from the use of host for that lead away from the use of host for foodfood

Antibiosis:Antibiosis: deleterious effects on pest deleterious effects on pest survival resulting from feeding on a survival resulting from feeding on a resistant hostresistant host

Tolerance:Tolerance: ability of a host to support a ability of a host to support a pest population that would be damaging pest population that would be damaging to a susceptible hostto a susceptible host

Use in stored products is limited!Use in stored products is limited!

Biological ControlBiological Control

IntroductionIntroduction of natural enemies of the of natural enemies of the pestpest

ConservationConservation of natural enemies by of natural enemies by careful use of insecticides careful use of insecticides

AugmentationAugmentation of natural enemies to of natural enemies to increase their numbers by manipulating increase their numbers by manipulating the environmentthe environment

PathogensPathogens Viruses Viruses Bacteria Bacteria Fungi: Require favorable conditions for Fungi: Require favorable conditions for

development of epizootics (not very specific)development of epizootics (not very specific) Protozoa Protozoa Nematodes Nematodes

Cultural techniquesCultural techniques

SanitationSanitation Stock rotationStock rotation Modification of the terrain (to drain excess Modification of the terrain (to drain excess

water)water)

Physical and Mechanical Physical and Mechanical TechniquesTechniques

Heat or cold Heat or cold Light trapsLight traps Entoleters or infestation destroyers (impact Entoleters or infestation destroyers (impact

machines)machines) Pneumatic conveyingPneumatic conveying Grain turningGrain turning UltrasoundUltrasound Snap trapsSnap traps Glue boardsGlue boards

Chemical Modification of Chemical Modification of BehaviorBehavior

Sex pheromonesSex pheromones Aggregation PheromonesAggregation Pheromones Oviposition deterring pheromonesOviposition deterring pheromones Alarm pheromonesAlarm pheromones Trail pheromonesTrail pheromones RepellentsRepellents Feeding deterrentsFeeding deterrents

Chemical Disruption of Chemical Disruption of PhysiologyPhysiology

Synthetic pesticidesSynthetic pesticides Disrupts normal physiological functionsDisrupts normal physiological functions

Integration of TechniquesIntegration of Techniques

Think how you would be able to combine two or Think how you would be able to combine two or more tactics for managing a pestmore tactics for managing a pest

The techniques can be used together or The techniques can be used together or sequentiallysequentially

It is important to use different tactics to prevent It is important to use different tactics to prevent pests from developing resistance (physiological pests from developing resistance (physiological or behavioral)or behavioral)

Integrating techniques also prolongs the use of Integrating techniques also prolongs the use of available pest management tacticsavailable pest management tactics

Integration of TechniquesIntegration of Techniques Resistant Resistant

packaging and packaging and removal of removal of damaged damaged packages and packages and using sanitationusing sanitation

Integration of TechniquesIntegration of Techniques

Heat treatment and Heat treatment and diatomaceous earth (DE)diatomaceous earth (DE)

By using DE, insects can be killedat temperatures less than 50oC

Integration of TechniquesIntegration of Techniques

Traps and pathogensTraps and pathogens Insects are attracted Insects are attracted

to the trap with a to the trap with a pheromone, but not pheromone, but not captured (no sticky captured (no sticky surface)surface)

The insect contacts The insect contacts the pathogen applied the pathogen applied as a dustas a dust

The insect contacts The insect contacts others during mating others during mating and transfers the and transfers the pathogenpathogen

Integration of TechniquesIntegration of Techniques Vegetable oil and Vegetable oil and

insecticideinsecticide reduced by half the reduced by half the

amount of pirimiphos-amount of pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic) methyl (Actellic) needed to kill 100% of needed to kill 100% of granary weevils in granary weevils in stored wheatstored wheat

Integration of TechniquesIntegration of Techniques

Insecticide and cooling pyrethroid

insecticides are more toxic to stored-product insects at lower temperatures

lower temperatures limit pest population growth and reduce pesticide degradation

Please think of how you would integrate differentPlease think of how you would integrate differentmethods for pest management in mills!methods for pest management in mills!

QuestionsQuestions

In a food plant, think of a scenario where you In a food plant, think of a scenario where you would do nothing for a particular pest would do nothing for a particular pest population.population.

When is legislative control important?When is legislative control important? Why is introduction of beneficial organisms Why is introduction of beneficial organisms

into a food plant undesirable?into a food plant undesirable? Is sanitation physical, mechanical, or cultural Is sanitation physical, mechanical, or cultural

control?control? List a few insect management tactics that List a few insect management tactics that

work in a food plant.work in a food plant.