perspective in strategic planning
DESCRIPTION
down-board thinking, paradigm shift, holistic and global orientationTRANSCRIPT
Perspective in Strategic
Planning by: Dr. Eusebio F. Miclat, Jr.
Development Planning & Budgeting, PSU (2004)
Reporter
Lennie H. Torres
Professor:
Josefina Bitonio, DPA
DM 214 Strategic Planning/ ME 217 Strategic Planning 1st Semester 2013
3 Perspective in Strategic
Planning
1. Down-board thinking
2. Paradigm Shift
3. Planning Orientation
a) System Approach
b) Mega-level Environment
c) Outside-In Planning
Down – Board Thinking • Effective strategic planning create
scenarios and consider the consequences of this scenarios in the light of competition and the response of other environmental factors.
• Similar to the way a chess master thinks when he plays the game. He does not only think and decide on his immediate moves but he must look “down-board” and considers his opponent’s possible responses to his moves and plans a number of several moves ahead. (L.D. Goodstein et al.,1993)
“ If we can not predict the future, we had best create it”. Peter Drucker
• Managers and planners should
not be wearing the horse’s
blinders but instead peeps the
submarine’s periscope and the
grandmaster’s down-board
thinking of looking into the
future several steps ahead of the
present.
Paradigm Shift
- set of ideas, usually
unwritten, that people have
learned and developed through
education and experiences that
defines the conventional
methods about the rules of
nature and life (J.F. Cali 1993).
- acts a mental filter or
sieving devise that delimits the
way we think about things by
erecting asset of boundary
conditions that are often more
perceived than real.
Paradigm reforms
Collective action
Dreams Improve incomes
stability dynamism
decent economic growth
Business progress
Paradigm Shift - requires disassembling our
old and conventional ways of
seeing, doing, thinking, and
assessing a thing because they
no longer apply with reality and
the present.
The “ new paradigm” calls for
a broad, flexible, eclectic,
creative and futuristic mental
framework.
“CHANGE”
Educational Paradigm
TEACHING LEARNING
KASA (knowledge, abilities, skills and
attitudes)
Rote master Process Learning and
dynamic citizenship
Budgeting : Input Oriented Output oriented
Planning Orientation There are three types of planning
orientation:
1. system
2. mega level
3. outside in approaches
System - an organized unitary whole
composed of two or more
independent parts, components
or sub-systems and delineated by
identifiable boundaries from its
environmental supra system
(F. Kast and J. Rosenzweig, 1979)
Elements of a System 1. Inputs
2. Conversion process
3. Outputs
4. Outcomes
a) Effect -immediate consequences of program output (UN, 1978)
b) Impact –change in the standard of living of the target group or within target area stemming from the program(UN, 1978)
`
System Approach - Affords the
managers and
planners a holistic
and integrated
perspective.
Example of integrated
perspective
Demands
Mandate
Resources
Manpower
Funds
Materials
Physical
Others
Teaching-learning
Co-curricular
Research execution
Training programs
Technology apply
Innovative management
systems
Physical plan
implementation
Quantitative
number of
graduates,
trainees and
research
Qualitative
manifest
competence
researches
published
technologies
commercialized
Board exams
Employed graduates/
trainees
Research awards
Self-reliance
Self-sufficiency
Citizenship
Better quality of life
Internal Organization
External Environment
Feedback
INPUTS CONVERSION PROCESS OUTPUTS OUTCOMES
Effects/Impact
A Systems Planning Framework of a University
(Miclat, Jr., 1998)
Mega-Level Environment - Looks its role in different level of
planning environments. There is no
permanent one-to-one correspondence.
Rather the levels of planning
environment vary and slide depending
on the highest level of planning
environment one adopts in planning.
3 Scopes of Planning Levels (based on who the primary client is and who benefits)
-R.A. Kaufman, 1996
1.MEGA LEVEL – Society
2.MACRO LEVEL –
Educational System
3.MICRO LEVEL –
Individual Learner,
4.Teacher, or Group on a
one-to-one correspondence.
Micro Level
Macro Level
Mega Level
- They argue that mega level planning
views the society and the educational clients
as the basis of everything the education
system or organization uses, does, and
delivers. In the macro level, planning is
primarily looking after the organization but
without any substantial commitment to both
the client and the society. Finally, micro level,
planning is concerned only with individuals or
group jobs and tasks
e.g. 1) SOCIETY AS HIGHEST LEVEL OF PLANNING ENVIRONMENT
MEGA – Society
MACRO – Region
MICRO – Province, City, and Town
2)WORLD AS HIGHEST LEVEL OF PLANNING ENVIRONMENT
MEGA – Global
MACRO – Philippines
MICRO – Region like NCR
3) REGION AS HIGHEST LEVEL OF PLANNING ENVIRONMENT
MEGA – Region
MACRO – Province
MICRO – District/Town
Outside-In Planning • planning in this way is as if one were looking
into the organization from the outside – from
the vantage point of society back into the
organization and its results and efforts.
( Kaufman and associates (2002)
• proactive.
• It is a paradigm or frame of reference that
continuously challenges the status quo while
identifying possible scenarios and new
opportunities that bring about positive
change and growth to society.
According to Gene Bellinger's Theory of
systemic thinking..
Traditional Management
Perspective
VS.
Management Perspective in
a Learning Organization
Traditional Perspective
to control company within a hierarchical framework
to plan and organize by setting clear priorities, and then work to bring daily activities in line with his bigger-picture decisions.
Traditional management achieves this objective by clearly defining job duties and responsibilities for each position, and implementing training to ensure that each employee thoroughly learns the routines
Management Perspective
to understand both human and business systems and integrate them gracefully
involves understanding elements of every aspect of the business and grasping how the puzzle pieces fit together.
involves understanding elements of every aspect of the business and grasping how the puzzle pieces fit together.
Management Perspective
A leader who operates from a balanced management perspective will know the right questions to ask. -His big-picture orientation will enable her to zero in on imbalances, and thoughtfully investigate areas where change is necessary.
Management perspective involves using a firm grasp of the company's overall direction to plan and organize day-to-day operations.
perspective seeks to inspire a team of employees to learn and excel.
A management perspective inspires learning by defining on going improvement as a priority and by creating conditions in which learning can successfully occur, such as scheduling time specifically dedicated to training and building employee skills.
Seeing the Big Picture
-Whether a manager
operates as a traditional
CEO or a visionary
leader, his job is to see
the big picture and
communicate it to his
employees.
Planning and Organizing • A leader using a holistic, systems-
oriented approach will plan and
organize by working to bring
concurrent processes into a useful
balance, with a focus on
understanding rather than
controlling.
• Whether a manager operates
traditionally or holistically, he will be
responsible for integrating the larger
perspective into recurring daily
processes.
• Holistic management
inspires learning by focusing
on building problem-solving
capabilities and encouraging
employees to think for
themselves and improve on
existing systems
Inspiring Learning
Shaping a Vision
` • Management perspective is the force behind shaping a company's vision, or the overall set of values that guides long-term plans as well as short-term specifics.
• A manager may shape a vision by articulating and disseminating it as a written policy.
• A manager is also responsible for communicating this vision to employees, by encouraging them to familiarize themselves with a written or oral vision statement and by working to bring all of the company's operations in line with this vision.
References:
Miclat, Jr. Eusebio F. Development Planning & Budgeting, PSU, 2004
http://work.chron.com/management-perspective-5652.html
Reference: www.openuni-clsu.edu.ph/openfiles/.../sqm.doc