personnel protection gfci for industrial systems
TRANSCRIPT
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Table of contents
1. Electricity, Water, and People: A Dangerous
Combination……………………………..3-8
2. GFCI Devices: How they work………...9-10
3. Gaps in Personnel Protection for Industrial
Applications…………………………….11-12
4. The Solution: UL 943C Ground-Fault Circuit-
Interrupters…………………………….13-14
5. Industrial GFCI: SB6000
Series…………………………………..15-18
6. Applications…………………………....19-25
1. Electricity, Water, and People:
A Dangerous Combination
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1. Electricity, Water, and People: A Dangerous
Combination
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1. Electricity, Water, and People: A Dangerous
Combination
The Hazard – Electrocution and the Implications The statistics show the real danger from electricity in the workplace.
5th leading cause of death from 1980
to 1992
– 7% of all work fatalities (411
deaths per year) Source: NIOSH
3 killed every 4 days from 1992 to
2010
– 5% of all work fatalities (270
deaths per year) Source: BLS
$160.4 billion was the cost of US
workplace injuries in 2006*
Over $30 million per incident in fines,
medical, litigation, lost business, and
equipment costs*
Over $19 billion is the total annual
cost of occupational injuries to the
Canadian economy**
Electrical Fatalities – US
Source: Electrical Safety Foundation International *Source: National Safety Council
**Source: Human Resources and Skills Development
Canada
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1. Electricity, Water, and People: A Dangerous
Combination
Types of Electrical Injuries* Effects & Severity of Electric Shock
Fall Related Injuries occur because
electric shock may cause muscles to
contract causing loss of balance.
Explosions from electrical incidents can
also cause a fall.
Burns are the most common non-fatal
injury (internal from electric shock or
external from arc flash).
Electrical Shock occurs when electrical
current passes over or through a person.
The reflex response could possibly involve
trauma, burns, abnormal heart rhythm and
unconsciousness.
Electrocution is the result of fatal electric
shock
Electric Shock can leave lasting & life altering effects including disagreeable sensation and involuntary muscular contraction. Ventricular fibrillation is a major risk. It is the most serious cardiac rhythm disturbance and occurs when the lower chambers quiver and the heart can't pump any blood, causing cardiac arrest. The AC current flow through the body generates periodic excitation.**
Severity of Shock*** depends on:
• The path of current through the body
• The amount of current flowing through the body
• The length of time the body is in the circuit
*Source: Prevention Strategies for Electrical Hazards © 2008
National Safety Council
**Source: American Heart Association
***Source: Prevention Strategies for Electrical
Hazards © 2008 National Safety Council
Common Types of Electrical Injuries and Their Effects
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Low Voltage Does Not Imply Low Hazard
Physiological
effects of 50/60
Hz AC current
on the human
body
1. Electricity, Water, and People: A Dangerous
Combination
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1. Electricity, Water, and People: A Dangerous
Combination
The Solution – Personnel Protection GFCI devices are commonplace and mandated for residential applications
Class A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters
(GFCIs) are defined by UL 943 & CAN/CSA-
C22.2 No. 144.1–06 and mandated by NEC &
CEC. These types of household GFCIs protect
personnel in residential applications by working
as a fast-acting circuit breaker. They have a very
low pick-up current of (6 mA).
There are two types of GFCIs:
– Permanently-connected
Receptacle, GFCI breaker
– Portable
Cord-connected
2. GFCI Devices: How they work
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2. GFCI Devices: How they work
1. Current travels through body
2. CT picks up the ground fault
3. Sensor detects fault and opens circuit. Fault is
cleared and personnel are protected.
The GFCI looks at the current going out and compares it to the current coming back. If that
comparison doesn’t match, then there is leakage. The GFCI detects the leakage and interrupts
the circuit, significantly reducing or eliminating the shock potential.
3. Gaps in Personnel Protection
for Industrial Applications
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3. Gaps in Personnel Protection for Industrial
Applications
GFCI Facts and the Personnel Protection Gap Since mandated by NEC in 1973 a 50% reduction in residential electrocutions have been accredited to
GFCIs.* 280 lives could have been save each year, had each household been equipped with GFCIs.
*Source: Electrical Safety Foundation International
Class A GFCIs are governed by UL 943.
Most Class A GFCIs are appropriate for
residential applications. These devices do
not monitor the load-ground and have a 150
V line-to-ground max. (240 V systems). The
6 mA trip level is too low for most industrial
equipment.
As a result, UL identified the need for new
GFCI classes appropriate for industrial
applications.
INDUSTRIAL PERSONNEL PROTECTION IS LACKING
Source: NEMA
4. The Solution: UL 943C
Special-Purpose Ground-Fault
Circuit-Interrupters
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4. The Solution: UL 943C Special-Purpose
Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupters
UL 943C was introduced to address the
limitations of Class A GFCIs, namely the
system voltage limitation to a maximum of
240V and a maximum allowed leakage current
of 6 mA. These new Classes C, D, and E
governed by UL 943C,Special-Purpose
Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupters are rated up
to 600V, with a trip level of 20 mA.
Special-Purpose GFCI Usage:
1. Line-to-ground voltage is greater than 150
volts (i.e. 480 V & 600 V systems) and
equipment grounding or double insulation is
required by the National Electrical Code,
ANSI/NFPA 70
2. Line-to-ground voltage is 150 volts or less
(i.e. 208 V & 240 V) and equipment grounding
or double-insulation is provided, but the use of
a Class-A GFCI is not practical.
UL 943C is released in 2012 Littelfuse introduces the only
Special-Purpose GFCI Listed to
UL 943C.
Fully patented Industrial Shock-Block™
SB6000 Series
5. Industrial GFCI: SB6000
Series
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5. Industrial GFCI: SB6000 Series
Industrial Shock-Block™ SB6000 Series is available in two models:
SB6100 Equipment Ground-Fault Protection Device
(EGFPD)
SB6100 Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter (GFCI)
The key difference between these models is the trip level.
The SB6100 GFCI has a fixed 20 mA trip level which allows for protection for systems with a
leakage current higher than the standard 6 mA required by UL 943 Class A. The SB6100
EGFPD offers more flexibility with variable setpoints (6 mA, 10-100 mA in increments of 10
mA).
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5. Industrial GFCI: SB6000 Series
Features Benefits
UL 943 inverse time trip curve Reduces the probability of nuisance tripping
UL 943C ground monitor/interrupt Protects from shock by tripping if continuity of ground wire
between the Industrial Shock-Block and load is broken.
CSA Meets a benchmark for safety and performance
Undervoltage, brownout, chatter detection Prolong the internal contactor lifetime
3 x Class T, 600 V incoming fuses Provides overcurrent protection for the internal contactor
Conformal coating Internal circuits are conformally coated to protect against
corrosion and moisture
Operator Interface Shows unit status, alarm types, and % of leakage current,
and also allows for TEST/STOP and RESET/START
capabilities
Custom-designed mobile cart Provides easy mobility with a light, aluminum frame
Cart mounting frame Provides 50 lbs of cable storage
Self-test Self-tests frequently to ensure the unit is operating
properly
Motor Starter Allows the user to start the motor from the interface using
the TEST/STOP and RESET/START buttons
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5. Industrial GFCI: SB6000 Series
The SB6000 Series – Connection Diagram
Industrial Shock-Block Cart
and Frame
The SB6100 is installed in-line
between incoming power (main
circuit breaker) and the load. The
open-chassis SB6100 can be
installed in electrical equipment.
The enclosed version is typically
wall-mounted but can also be
made mobile with the Industrial
Shock-Block Cart and Frame.
6. Applications
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6. Applications
Sump Submersible Pump*
Water injected into mine pits
Pumping station by the river
Sump is cleaned while power is on
*Courtesy of PCS Patience Lake
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6. Applications
Stud Gun Welder *
Move around the shop floor
Welding outlets all around
the shop
6-ft cable with a 60 A welding plug
*Courtesy of Liberty Fuel Company
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6. Applications
Concrete Drilling & Sawing*
*Courtesy of Canadian Cutting and Coring
Cutting saws exposed to wet conditions
because the supply cables run out the back of
the truck.
SB6100 EGFPD mounted inside the truck
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6. Applications
Manufacturing/Processing
Food & Beverage
Mixers
Heaters
Fans
Tile/concrete cutters
Conveyors & Hoists
Elevators & Escalators
Paint booths
Pressure washers
Submersible pumps
Arc welders
Portable lighting
Motors
Compressors
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6. Applications
Entertainment Aquariums
Fountains
Swimming pools
Amusement parks
Water slides
Golf courses
Fairs
Zoos
Municipal/Institutional Water treatment plants
Generating stations
Airports
Subways
Train & Bus stations
Hotels & Restaurants
Resorts
Convention centers
Marinas
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6. Applications
Temporary Wiring for Buildings
– Construction
– Remodeling
– Repair/Maintenance
Eliminate need for Assured Equipment
Grounding Conductor Program
– Special-Purpose GFCI that provide shock
protection and monitor integrity of equipment
grounding circuits
Major oil company installed
SB6100 Special-Purpose GFCI
in mobile NEMA 3R enclosure
that feeds 480V, 3-phase power
to portable sump pump.
Eliminated need to conduct an
assured equipment grounding
program
Read the whitepaper
Littelfuse.com/ShockProtection
Portable Sump Pump
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Click here to learn more:
Littelfuse.com/shockprotection
An Industrial Special-Purpose GFCI is vital where people,
electricity and water are present. Class A GFCIs are not suitable for
industrial applications therefore GFCIs designed and approved per UL
943C can provide the critical protection required. The Industrial
Shock-Block™ SB6000 Series is the first is UL 943C listed device
for industrial applications.