personalized system for instruction (psi) “as fast as they can or as slowly as they need” –...
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Personalized System for Instruction (PSI)
“as fast as they can or as slowly as they need”
– Michael Metzler
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Background
• Originally designed in the 1960s by Dr. Fred Keller
• Used for university psychology courses
(> 300 students/class)
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What is PSI?
• Student-centered approach
• Course/topic is broken
into modules
• Modules into units
• Places more responsibility
on student
• Allows teacher to monitor class
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Components of PSI
1. Learning is self-paced
2. Mastery-based learning
3. Content is passed on via written instructions
4. Proctors
5. Lectures and demos designed to increase motivation
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Benefits
• Student learning is increased (Creggor & Metzler, 1992)
• Higher rates of:– Engagement– Skill practice– Academic learning time– Verbal & non-verbal feedback
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Goals of PSI
• Student mastery1. Small units
2. Coherent progression
3. Demonstration of mastery
4. Observable criterion
5. Corrective actions
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What Do Students Need?
• Readiness for learning– Independent?– Reading skills?– Responsible?– Are they receptive to the idea?
• What type of student will enjoy this model?
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PSI Approach
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PSI in Physical Education
1. Begin with lecture/talk
2. View demonstration
3. Written cues
4. Practice/Drill
5. Readiness Drill
6. Corrections
7. Criterion Task
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Task Presentation
• Written text
• Pictures
• Videos
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Structure
• Equipment
• Space/location
• Performance criteria
• Safety concerns
• Task completion
• Corrections
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The Workbook
• The most important component
• Uses– Attendance – Contract/disclosure– Progress chart– Modules
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What about the Teacher?
• Appropriate learning
• Able to explain in writing
• Break down skills
• Meaningful assessments
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PSI
Pros
• Self paced• Intrinsic motivation• Teaches personal
responsibility• Aids in technology
learning• Literacy• More freedom for teacher
Cons
• Meaningful?• Front loaded• Teacher needs to be
expert ?• Student readiness• Can’t continue until
completed
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Which SituationGrade Level PSI? Adaptations?
Preschool No
Elementary No
Middle School/Jr. High Yes •Decrease learning tasks •Simplify•Stations•Task cards•Others?
High School Yes •Peer teaching•Media•Teacher checked tasks•Others?
Adults Yes None
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Summary
• Self Paced
• Less time in instruction
• Increases intrinsic motivation
• More responsibility on student
• Ton of work for teacher to set up
• More activity
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Conclusion
• Suggestions for future consideration– Content
• Strategy• Advanced skills
– Other courses– Alternative deliveries
• DVD• Ipad
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Module• Intro
• Task
• Cues
• Comprehension
• Readiness drill
• Errors
• Criterion task
• Challenge drill
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Example
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Set Shot Demo