personality and work 4

8/7/2019 Personality and Work 4

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What is Personality?The dynamic organization within the individual of those

psychophysical systems that determine his unique

adjustments to his environment. - Gordon Allport.y The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and

interacts with others, the measurable traits a person exhibits

y Personality is made up the characteristic patterns ofthoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a personunique.

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Determinants of Personality Development

yHeredity

y Environment

y Situation


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Determinants of Personality Development

y personality develops across time

y

people develop along a continuum of dimensions fromimmaturity to maturity

y an individuals personality unfolds in a series of stages

across times


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Personality Assessmenty The personal interviews

y Unstructured

y

The interviewer asks questions about any material that comesup.

y Structured

y The order and content of the questions are fixed; set format.


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Personality Assessmenty Direct Observation

y Systematic observationy Issues of observer bias

y Time consuming and expensive

y People may alter their behavior when observed


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Objective Testsy Standardized tests

y Forced-choice or multiple choice formats

y Limitationsy Rely entirely on self-report

y Familiarity with the test affects responses

y

Common testsy Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire

y Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory


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Projective Testsy Use of ambiguous stimuli

y Rorschach test

y Thematic Apperception Test

(TAT)


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Big Five Personality Traits

Adapted from: Exhibit 5.1 The Big Five Personality Traits

Extraversion Conscientiousness

Agreeableness

Emotional stability

Openness to

experience

Personality


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Big Five Personality Traitsextrovert1. Enjoys being around other people

2.Is warm to others3.Speaks up in group settings4.Likes excitement and cheerful5.Are assertive and

6.Talkative.


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2. Conscientiousness:

y it is the degree to which a person:y Has impulse control1. Feels capable2. Is organized3. Is reliable4. Possesses a drive for success5. Focuses on completing the tas


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3. Agreeableness:

y The degree to which an individual is easy going andtolerant

y Specifically it is the degree to which a person:

1. Believes in the honesty of others

2. Is straightforward3. Is altruistic

4.Is sensitive to the feeling of others


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g ve ersona ty ra ts

4.Emotional Stability:

y The degree to which an individual easily handles stressfulsituations and heavy demandsIndividual with this trait,

1. Is relaxed2. Is slow to feel anger3. Rarely becomes discouraged4. Rarely becomes embarrassed5. Resists unhealthy urges associated with any addictions

6.Handles crisis well


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5. Openness to Experience:

y seeks new experiences and thinks creativelyy Is sensitiveyHas appreciation for art and beautyy

Values and respects emotions in himself andothersy Prefers variety to routineyHas broad intellectual curiosityy

Is open to reexamine closely held values


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Jungs Psychological Types and Myers Briggs

type indicator

y This theory identifies the way people prefer to perceivetheir environment as well as obtain and processinformation.

y The MBTI measures how people ,

Focus their attention (Extroversion versus Introversion)

Collect information (sensing versus intuition)

Process and Evaluate information (thinking versus feeling)and,

Orient themselves to the outer world (judging versusperceiving.


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Extraversion Vs. Introversion(I)

Extraverts Introverts

Energized by other

people and external

experiences

Are outgoing and

assertive

Energized by inner resources and

internal experiences

Are quite

Shy and cautious

are often friendly,

talkative, easy to

know

Are often reserved, quite and hard to

know


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Express Emotions Bottles up Emotions

Needs relationships Needs Privacy

Needs Introversion forbalance

Needs extraversion for balance


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Sensation Vs Intuition

Are ways of taking information. The sensing function takes

information by way of five senses, the intuition function takes

information by sixth sense

Sensing (S) Intuition ( N)Like things that are

definite, and

measurable

Like opportunities for being

inventive

Collects information

through five sense

Collect information non systematic

Reads instruction,

notices details

Skips directions

Looks at specific

parts and pieces

Rely more on subjective

experience


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Lives in present, Lives towards the future e

Likes set procedures,established routines

Likes change and variety

When interviewing

someone for job, wouldwant to know type of

experience applicant has

had

Not much interested in what

applicant has done but what hecould do for the organization

The Ss see N as flighty, impractical

and unrealistic


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Thinking Vs. Feeling

Are ways of making decisions. The thinking function decides on the

basis of logic and objective consideration. The Feeling decides on the

basis of personal subjective values.

Thinking (T) Feeling (F)

Decides with the head Decides with the heart

Goes by Logic Goes by personal conviction

Concerned for truth and justice Concerned for relationships, harmonySees as onlooker, from outside a

situationSees things as a participant, from

withinTakes a long view Takes an immediate and personal

view


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Judgi g s Percei i g

Preference of order and structure in relationships

Judgi g (J) Perceptio (P)

Enjoys being decisive Enjoys being curious, discoveringsurprisesLikes clear limits and

categories Likes freedom to explore without limits

Feels comfortable in

establishing closure

Feels comfortable maintaining

opennessPrefers organized life style Prefers flexible lifestyle

Likes definite order and

structure Likes going with flow


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Likes to have life under control Prefers to experience life as it

happens

Handles deadlines, plans inadvance

Meets deadlines by last minute rush


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My r Brigg Typ

ISTJ ISFJ

INFJ INTJ

ISTP ISFP

INFP INTP

STP SFPNFP NTP

STJ SFJ

NFJ NTJ


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Other Personality Traitsy Locus of Control

y Self monitoring

y Type A/B personality


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Personality TypeTypeA Type B

y Talks rapidly

y Loses temper easily

y Highly competetive

y Impatient: always moving,walking, and eating rapidly

y Strive to think or do two ormore things at once

y Cannot cope with leisuretime

y Obsessed with achievementnumbers

y Handles details patiently

yLess competitive with others

y Contemplates issues carefully

y Low concern about timelimits does not feel guiltyabout relaxing

y Relaxed approach to life

y Works at a steady pace

y Cool tempered


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Achieving Personality FitTYPE

1. Realistic: Prefers physicalactivities that require skill,

strength, andcoordination.

2. Investigative: Prefersactivities that involve

thinking, organising, andunderstanding

3. Social : Prefers activitiesthat involve helping anddeveloping others.

PERSONALITYCHARACTERISTICS

1. Shy, genuine, persistent,stable, conforming,

practical(farmers,assemblyline workers,mechanics)

2. 2. Analytical,original,curious,indepen

dent.(economists,newsreporters,mathemetician)

3. Sociable, friendly, cooperative,understanding.(Socialworkers,teachers,counsellors,psy

chologists)

personality and work 4

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