Personal Protective Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment

eTech Environmental & Safety Solutions, Inc.

Protecting Employees Protecting Employees from Workplace from Workplace

HazardsHazards• Employers must protect employees Employers must protect employees

from workplace hazards such as from workplace hazards such as machines, hazardous substances, and machines, hazardous substances, and dangerous work procedures that can dangerous work procedures that can cause injurycause injury

Protecting EmployeesProtecting Employees

Employers must:Employers must:

• Use all feasible engineering and work Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce practice controls to eliminate and reduce hazards hazards

• Then use appropriate personal protective Then use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) if these controls do not equipment (PPE) if these controls do not adequately eliminate the hazards.adequately eliminate the hazards.

RememberRemember PPE is the PPE is the lastlast level of level of control!control!

Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls

If . . .

• The machine or work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard,

Then . . .

• The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control.

Engineering Controls Engineering Controls (cont’d)(cont’d)

• Modifications to design specificationsModifications to design specifications• Substitute less harmful materialSubstitute less harmful material• Change processChange process• Enclose processEnclose process• Isolate processIsolate process• VentilationVentilation

Examples . . .

Work Practice ControlsWork Practice Controls

If . . .

• Employees can be removed from exposure to the potential hazard by changing the way they do their jobs,

Then . . .

• The hazard can be eliminated with a work practice control.

Work Practice Controls Work Practice Controls (cont’d)(cont’d)

• Use of wet methods to suppress dustUse of wet methods to suppress dust

• Personal hygienePersonal hygiene

• Housekeeping and maintenanceHousekeeping and maintenance

• Job rotation of workersJob rotation of workers

Examples . . .

Examples of PPEExamples of PPE

• Eye - safety glasses, gogglesEye - safety glasses, goggles

• Face - face shieldsFace - face shields

• Head - hard hatsHead - hard hats

• Feet - safety shoesFeet - safety shoes

• Hands and arms - glovesHands and arms - gloves

• Bodies - vestsBodies - vests

• Hearing - earplugs, earmuffsHearing - earplugs, earmuffs

Establishing a PPE Establishing a PPE ProgramProgram

• Sets out procedures for selecting, Sets out procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE as part of an providing and using PPE as part of an employer’s routine operationemployer’s routine operation

Establishing a PPE ProgramEstablishing a PPE Program (cont’d)(cont’d)

• First -- assess the workplace to First -- assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPEthe use of PPE

• Once the proper PPE has been selected, Once the proper PPE has been selected, the employer must provide training to the employer must provide training to each employee who is required to use each employee who is required to use PPEPPE

TrainingTraining

• When PPE is necessaryWhen PPE is necessary

• What type of PPE is necessaryWhat type of PPE is necessary

• How to properly put on, take off, adjust, How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wearand wear

• Limitations of the PPELimitations of the PPE

• Proper care, maintenance, useful life Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposaland disposal

Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following:

Eye ProtectionEye Protection

What are some of the What are some of the causes of eye injuries?causes of eye injuries?

• Dust and other flying particles, such as Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or sawdustmetal shavings or sawdust

• Molten metal that might splashMolten metal that might splash

• Acids and other caustic liquid chemicals Acids and other caustic liquid chemicals that might splashthat might splash

Causes of eye injuriesCauses of eye injuries (cont’d)(cont’d)

• Blood and other potentially infectious Blood and other potentially infectious body fluids that might splash, spray, or body fluids that might splash, spray, or splattersplatter

• Intense light such as that created by Intense light such as that created by welding and laserswelding and lasers

Safety SpectaclesSafety Spectacles

• Made with metal/plastic Made with metal/plastic safety framessafety frames

• Most operations require Most operations require side shieldsside shields

• Used for moderate Used for moderate impact from particles impact from particles produced by such jobs produced by such jobs as carpentry, as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, woodworking, grinding, and scalingand scaling

GogglesGoggles• Protect eyes, eye Protect eyes, eye

sockets, and the sockets, and the facial area facial area immediately immediately surrounding the surrounding the eyes from impact, eyes from impact, dust, and splashesdust, and splashes

• Some goggles fit Some goggles fit over corrective over corrective lenseslenses

Welding ShieldsWelding Shields

• Protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light

• Protect face and eyes from flying sparks, metal spatter, and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting.

Laser Safety GogglesLaser Safety Goggles

• Protect eyes from intenseconcentrations of light produced by lasers.

Face ShieldsFace Shields

• Protect the face from Protect the face from nuisance dusts and nuisance dusts and potential splashes or potential splashes or sprays of hazardous sprays of hazardous liquidsliquids

• Do Do notnot protect protect employees from employees from impact hazardsimpact hazards

Head ProtectionHead Protection

What are some of theWhat are some of thecauses of head causes of head

injuries?injuries?

• Falling objectsFalling objects

• Bumping head against fixed objects, Bumping head against fixed objects, such as exposed pipes or beamssuch as exposed pipes or beams

• Contact with exposed electrical Contact with exposed electrical conductorsconductors

Classes of Hard HatsClasses of Hard Hats

Class AClass A

• General service (e.g., mining, building General service (e.g., mining, building construction, shipbuilding, lumbering, construction, shipbuilding, lumbering, and manufacturing)and manufacturing)

• Good impact protection but limited Good impact protection but limited voltage protectionvoltage protection

Classes of Hard HatsClasses of Hard Hats

Class BClass B• Electrical workElectrical work• Protect against falling objects and high-Protect against falling objects and high-

voltage shock and burnsvoltage shock and burns

Class CClass C• Designed for comfort, offer limited Designed for comfort, offer limited

protectionprotection• Protects heads that may bump against Protects heads that may bump against

fixed objects, but do not protect against fixed objects, but do not protect against falling objects or electrical shockfalling objects or electrical shock

Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection

Earmuffs Earplugs Canal Caps

Examples of Hearing Examples of Hearing ProtectorsProtectors

Foot ProtectionFoot Protection

What are some of theWhat are some of thecauses of foot injuries?causes of foot injuries?

• Heavy objects such as barrels or tools Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that might roll onto or fall on that might roll onto or fall on employees’ feetemployees’ feet

• Sharp objects such as nails or spikes Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that might pierce the soles or uppers of that might pierce the soles or uppers of ordinary shoesordinary shoes

Causes of foot injuriesCauses of foot injuries (cont’d)(cont’d)

• Molten metal that might splash on feetMolten metal that might splash on feet

• Hot or wet surfacesHot or wet surfaces

• Slippery surfacesSlippery surfaces

Safety ShoesSafety Shoes

• Have impact-resistant Have impact-resistant toes and heat-toes and heat-resistant soles that resistant soles that protect against hot protect against hot surfaces common in surfaces common in roofing, paving, and roofing, paving, and hot metal industrieshot metal industries

Safety ShoesSafety Shoes (cont’d)(cont’d)

• Some have metal insoles to protect Some have metal insoles to protect against puncture woundsagainst puncture wounds

• May be designed to be electrically May be designed to be electrically conductive for use in explosive conductive for use in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical protect from workplace electrical hazardshazards

Metatarsal GuardsMetatarsal Guards

• A part of the shoes or strapped to the outside of shoes to protect the instep from impact and compression.

Hand ProtectionHand Protection

Types of the hand Types of the hand injuriesinjuries

to guard against to guard against

• BurnsBurns• BruisesBruises• AbrasionsAbrasions• CutsCuts• PuncturesPunctures

• FracturesFractures• AmputationsAmputations• Chemical Chemical

ExposuresExposures

Norfoil laminate resists permeation and breakthrough by an array of toxic/hazardous chemicals.

Butyl provides the highest permeation resistance to gas or water vapors; frequently used for ketones (M.E.K., Acetone) and esters (Amyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate).

Types of GlovesTypes of Gloves

Viton is highly resistant to permeation by chlorinated and aromatic solvents.

Nitrile provides protection against a wide variety of solvents, harsh chemicals, fats and petroleum products and also provides excellent resistance to cuts, snags, punctures and abrasions.

Types of Gloves Types of Gloves (cont’d)(cont’d)

Kevlar protects against cuts, slashes, and abrasion.

Stainless steel mesh protects against cuts and lacerations.

Types of Gloves Types of Gloves (cont’d)(cont’d)

Body ProtectionBody Protection

Various causes of body Various causes of body injuriesinjuries

• Intense heatIntense heat

• Splashes of hot metals and other hot Splashes of hot metals and other hot liquidsliquids

• Impacts from tools, machinery, and Impacts from tools, machinery, and materialsmaterials

• CutsCuts

Causes of body Causes of body injuriesinjuries(cont’d)(cont’d)

• Hazardous chemicalsHazardous chemicals

• Contact with potentially infectious Contact with potentially infectious materials, like bloodmaterials, like blood

• RadiationRadiation

Cooling VestSleeves & Apron

Body ProtectionBody Protection((cont’d)cont’d)

Coveralls Full Body Suit

Body ProtectionBody Protection(cont’d)(cont’d)

SummarySummary

• Assess the workplace for hazardsAssess the workplace for hazards

• Use engineering and work practice Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or reduce hazards controls to eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPEbefore using PPE

• Select appropriate PPE to protect Select appropriate PPE to protect employees from hazards that cannot employees from hazards that cannot be eliminated be eliminated

Employers must implement a PPE program where they:

Summary Summary (cont’d)(cont’d)

• Inform employees why the PPE is Inform employees why the PPE is necessary and when it must be wornnecessary and when it must be worn

• Train employees how to use and care Train employees how to use and care for their PPE and how to recognize for their PPE and how to recognize deterioration and failuredeterioration and failure

• Require employees to wear selected Require employees to wear selected PPE in the workplacePPE in the workplace

QuizQuiz

1.1. Employers do not have to assess their workplace Employers do not have to assess their workplace for hazards. T/Ffor hazards. T/F

2.2. The best method for eliminating hazards is The best method for eliminating hazards is __________.__________.

3.3. By changing the way that employees do their job By changing the way that employees do their job to eliminate a hazard is called a ________ control.to eliminate a hazard is called a ________ control.

4.4. To determine what type of PPE is necessary, a To determine what type of PPE is necessary, a _______ must first be performed._______ must first be performed.

5.5. Employees are required to ____________ their PPE.Employees are required to ____________ their PPE.

Quiz (Cont.)Quiz (Cont.)

6.6. Face shields are suitable substitutes for safety Face shields are suitable substitutes for safety glasses. T/Fglasses. T/F

7.7. In an area where chemical vapors may be present, In an area where chemical vapors may be present, ________ would be required to protect a workers ________ would be required to protect a workers eyes.eyes.

8.8. For electrical work a ________ hard hat should be For electrical work a ________ hard hat should be used.used.

9.9. Working with chlorinated solvents would require Working with chlorinated solvents would require the use of _____ gloves.the use of _____ gloves.

10.10. PPE should be inspected ________.PPE should be inspected ________.