Personal Endings Review

-O -MI

-SYOU(SG.)

-THE-SHE-IT

-MUS

WE

-TIS

YOU (PL.)

-NTTHEY

All About Verbs

Each verb has 4 principal parts

First Person Singular

Present Active“I love”

Present active Infinitive“to love”

amo amare amavi amatus

To find the PRESENT STEM of a verb, drop the –RE from the 2nd principal part (the infinitive).

Finding the Present Stem

amare amavi amatusamo

The present stem is the second principal part – re.

amare - re = ama

Find the second principal part of the verb.

Finding the Present Stem

• amo, amare• laboro, laborare• paro, parare• porto, portare• specto, spectare

• AMA-• LABORA-• PARA-• PORTA-• SPECTA-

Write the following verbs on your paper…

• 1st laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus---praise• 2nd moneo, monere, monui, monitus---warn• 3rd rego, regere, rexi, rectus---rule• 3rd –io capio, capere, cepi, captus---take• 4th audio, audire, audivi, auditus---hear

• The PRESENT STEM is actually used for 3 tenses!

PRESENTIMPERFECT

FUTURE

-O -MUS-S -TIS-T -NT

Present Tense EndingsAM –ing…, …-s

-BAM -BAMUS-BAS -BATIS-BAT -BANT

Imperfect Tense EndingsWAS/WERE …-ING

-BO -BIMUS-BIS -BITIS-BIT -BUNT

Future Tense Endings (1 s t/2n d)WILL…

Test Monday!• Know how to identify a verb’s conjugation (1st, 2nd,

3rd, 3rd –io, 4th)• Know how to make the present stem (drop the –

re).• Know the 3 tenses formed on the present stem

(the “present system”---present, imperfect, and future)

• Know how to translate present tense: I ____, imperfect tense: I was _____-ing, and future tense: I will ______.

• There will NOT be verb charts (o/s/t, bam/bas/bat, bo/bis/bit, etc.) on this test.

• Make the present, imperfect and future tense charts for the 1st conjugation and 2nd conjugation verbs you chose yesterday. (Do NOT use the 3rd, 3rd-io or 4th!)

• Use the PRESENT STEM as your base on each chart.• Write Latin and English.• Use the same paper.• Turn it in to the basket!

amo –I love amamus---we loveamas—you love amatis---y’all loveamat—h/s/i loves amant---they love

amabam---I was loving etc.amabas etc…amabat etc…

amabo--- I will love etc.Etc. Etc.Etc. Etc.

It happened in the past,And hasn’t happened since,

And that’s what’s perfectAbout perfect tense!

Finding the Perfect Stem

amare amavi amatusamo

The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.

amavi - i = amav-

Find the third principal part of the verb.

Finding the Perfect Stem

docere docui doctusdoceo

The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.

docui - i = docu-

Find the third principal part of the verb.

Perfect Stem Practice• porto, portare, portavi,

portatus• terreo, terrēre, terrui,

territus• maneo, manēre, mansi,

mansurus• sum, esse, fui, futurus

• PORTAV-

• TERRU-

• MANS-

• FU-

• The PERFECT STEM is actually used for 3 tenses!

PERFECTPLUPERFECT

FUTURE PERFECT

Perfect Tense Exceptions:

-I -ISTI

-I -IMUS-ISTI -ISTIS-IT -ERUNT

Perfect TenseHAS/HAVE… …-ed

Which Word Doesn’t Belong?

•portabo• laudabas• legebam• amo

-O -M

“I”

Which Word Doesn’t Belong?

•portamus• amas•ducebas• laudabis

-S

YOU (SG.)

•duxit• amabat• laudavit• legisti

-T

HE-SHE-IT

Which Word Doesn’t Belong?

• amamus•portavimus•doces• laudavimus

-MUS

WE

Which Word Doesn’t Belong?

• audis•portatis• amavistis•ducebatis

-TIS

YOU (PL.)

Which Word Doesn’t Belong?

• laudabant•portabunt• amat•duxerunt

-NT

THEY

Tricks for Translating!

• First, look at the verb ending and see WHO is doing the verb.

• Be sure you don’t overlook any letters---for example, if you see –S, make sure it’s not really –TIS or –MUS.

PORTABAMUS

Tricks for Translating!

• Second: Look for a TENSE INDICATOR to figure out the WHEN (tense) of the verb.

BA

WAS/WERE

BO, BI, BU

WILL/SHALL

PORTABAMUSBA

WAS/WERE

WE

Tricks for Translating!

• Third: Complete the verb with the WHAT (meaning).

PORTABAMUSBA

WAS/WERE

WE

CARRY

PORT

ABAM

US

WE WERE CARRYING

Imperfect Tense vs. Perfect Tense• Remember that imperfect tense (the –ba–

words) show past action uncompleted (was verbing), repetitive (kept on verbing), or habitual (used to verb)

• Perfect tense shows past action completed

• Ex: While I was washing dishes, the phone rang.

imperfect

perfect

Imperfect Tense vs. Perfect Tense• I saw John every day.• I attended school for

four years.

• Did you play football long?

• The alarm clock kept ringing.

• I saw John yesterday.• I attended school

today.

• Did you ever play football?

• The alarm clock rang.

imperfect tense

perfect tense

Libellus Verborum

• Present Tense I verb, do verb, am verbing• Imperfect Tense I was verbing, used to verb,

kept on verbing, verbed• Future Tense I will (shall) verb• Perfect Tense I verbed, have verbed, did verb