person perception - york university · person perception physical appearance ... gender age...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Person PerceptionPhysical Appearance
Cognitive Schemas
Social Schemas:
Organized clusters of ideas about categories social events and people.
Stereotypes:
Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a group
Some common stereotypes:
� Gender
� Age
� Occupational
� Racial
Gender and performance: ability or luck?
2
Some common stereotypes:
� Gender
� Age
� Occupational
� Racial
Stereotype Threat(Steele)
� Impact on performance A self-confirming apprehension that can undermine one’s confidence and performance
� (video)
Illusory Correlation
� When people estimate they have encountered more confirmations of an association of social traits than they have actually seen.
3
ATTRIBUTION:“EXPLAINING BEHAVIOUR”EVERYDAY PSYCHOLOGY
Internal versus External attributions:� Personal disposition versus situational demands.
(Fritz Heider)
ATTRIBUTION:“EXPLAINING BEHAVIOUR”EVERYDAY PSYCHOLOGY
Internal versus External attributions:
� Kelley’s Covariation Model:
� Consistency
� Distinctiveness
� Consensus
Kelley’s Covariation Theory
4
Bias in Attribution
More examples:
� Self-serving Bias
� Discounting
� Augmentation
� Self-referencing
Bias in Attribution
Culture and Attributional Tendencies
� Individualism vs. collectivism
Video: “Attribution of Motives”