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Persistence of Vision Michael Warrick, Ethan McGee

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Page 1: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of

Persistence  of  Vision Michael  Warrick,  Ethan  McGee  

Page 2: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of
Page 3: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of

What  is  it?

•  The  theory  that  an  "a5er-­‐image"  remains  on  the  re:na  for  up  to  1/25th  of  a  second  before  being  supplanted  by  the  next  impression.    • No  longer  an  accepted  theory,  s:ll  in  popular  use  • Phi  phenomenon  and  Beta  mo:on  

Page 4: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of

Phi  Phenomenon

•  the  op:cal  illusion  of  perceiving  con:nuous  mo:on  between  separate  sta:onary  objects  viewed  rapidly  in  succession.  •  two  adjacent  lights  flashing  

•  Interval  between  object  should  be  faster  than  150ms  • Does  not  rely  on  an  "a5er  image"  effect  •  Examples:  

•  Flip  books  •  Cartoons  •  Movies  

Page 5: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of

12  Frames  Per  Second

Page 6: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of

24,  30,  vs.  60  Frames  Per  Second

Page 7: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of

Embedded  Displays  &  POV

Page 8: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of

Beta  Phenomenon

Page 9: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of

DefiniIon

A  kind  of  apparent  mo:on  seen,  for  example,  when  lights  sta:oned  at  different  posi:ons  are  flashed  on  and  off  alternately  at  intervals  of  

between  30  and  60  Hz,  which  produces  a  realis:c  sensa:on  of  the  light  moving  from  one  posi:on  to  the  other.  

Page 10: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of
Page 11: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of
Page 12: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of
Page 13: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of

ImplementaIon

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Notes

• Know  the  constraints  of  your  display.  •  For  our  examples,  we  will  use  8x8.  

• Pick  a  size  for  all  le[ers,  and  in  general  s:ck  with  one  case.  • We’ll  use  uppercase  le[ers  in  a  6x3  configura:on.  

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Convert  to  LED  Layouts

                   ***                  **              ***                    *  *                  *  *            *            A  =  *  *          B  =  **      C  =  *                    ***                  **              *                    *  *                  *  *            *                    *  *                    **              ***  

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Storing  the  RepresentaIons

• We  really  don’t  want  to  have  to  recalculate  the  binary  representa:on  each  :me  • We  want  to  be  able  to  build  the  columnar  representa:on  of  our  string  

Page 17: Persistence)of)Vision - Clemson Universityyfeaste/855Assignments/presentatio… · Definion A(kind(of(apparentmo:on(seen,(for(example,(when(lights(staoned(at differentposi:ons(are(flashed(on(and(off(alternately(atintervals(of

Triply-­‐Nested  Array

•  le[ers[‘A’-­‐’A’]  =  [[1,1,1],  [1,0,1],  [1,0,1],  [1,1,1],  [1,0,1],  [1,0,1]]  •  le[ers[‘B’-­‐’A’]  =  [[1,1,0],  [1,0,1],  [1,1,0],  [1,1,0],  [1,0,1],  [1,1,0]]  •  le[ers[‘C’-­‐’A’]  =  [[1,1,1],  [1,0,0],  [1,0,0],  [1,0,0],  [1,0,0],  [1,1,1]]    

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Making  the  Rows

• We’ll  s:ck  one  column  between  le[ers  so  to  display  “ABC”  •  row1  =  [1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0]  •  row2  =  [1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0]  •  row3  =  [1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0]  •  row4  =  [1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0]  •  row5  =  [1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0]  •  row6  =  [1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0]    

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Simply  BitshiW

•  for  i  from  0  to  sizeof(rows)  •  row[  i  ]  =  0  <=  row[  i  ]  is  the  register  controlling  the  i-­‐th  row  the  LED  display  

• while(displaying_message)  •  for  j  from  0  to  sizeof(columms)  

•  for  i  from  1  to  sizeof(rows)  -­‐1  •  row[i]  <<  columns[  i  –  1  ][  j  ]  

•  delay  

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Couple  of  Tricks

• How  long  should  delay  be?  •  You  need  the  delay  to  be  low  enough  that  the  sideways  scrolling  appears  smooth  and  not  jerky  •  Most  open  projects  on  the  internet  seem  to  use  between  .5ms  and  1ms.      

• No  right  answer.    Pick  a  value  that  works  for  your  project.  

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Conclusion

• We  can  use  tricks  from  op:cal  illusions  /  film  to  help  make  our  displays  seem  more  friendly  and  animated  

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QuesIons