permit-required confined spaces 29 cfr 1910.146. why comply???? confined space entry is a leading...
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Permit-Required Confined Spaces29 CFR 1910.146
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Why Comply????
Confined space entry is a leading cause of occupational fatalities in this country.
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Statistics
Standard covers 240,000 workplaces and 12.2 million workers
Workers make 4.8 million entries/year Standard may prevent 85% of fatalities
and nearly 11,000 injuries
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Definition of a Confined Space
Limited means of egress
Can be bodily entered
Not designed for continuous occupancy
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Definition of Permit-RequiredConfined Spaces
Contains or has potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere
Contains the potential for engulfment Internal configuration that can trap or
asphyxiate entrant Any other serious safety or health hazards
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Typical Permit-Required Spaces
Chemical storage tanks
Waste or storage pits Grain bins Underground tunnels Railroad cars
under construction
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Typical Non-Permit-Required Spaces
Utility closets Below-grade trenches Storage vaults Utility subbasements
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Potential Confined Space Hazards
Engulfment Oxygen deficiency (19.5% or less) Oxygen enrichment (23.5% or higher) Flammable gases or vapors Combustible dusts Toxic substances IDLH atmospheres Physical hazards
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Atmospheric Testing
Hazards must be tested in this order:– Oxygen content– Combustibility/flammability– Toxic atmospheres
Entrants must be allowed to observe monitoring
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Reasons for Space Ventilation
Maintain oxygen levels above 19.5% Maintain toxic gases and vapors
at acceptable levels
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Types of Personal Protective Equipment
Harnesses Retrieval lines Chemical protective
clothing Welding apron/sleeves Respirators Gloves Safety glasses
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Safety Department Responsibilities
Formulate and manage the confined spaces program
Maintain a space inventory Maintain a list of “Authorized Personnel” Maintain copies of space permits Direct the confined space training program Maintain rescue equipment Coordinate contractor activities
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Supervisor Responsibilities
Conduct a pre-entry briefing Ensure that personnel are evacuated
when necessary Ensure that permits are complete and
removed when work is finished Ensure that all necessary equipment
is returned to its proper location Oversee all necessary confined
space activities
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Attendant Responsibilities
Attend pre-entry briefing Know the hazards of the space Control access to the space Maintain communication with entrants Not to enter the space for rescue Summon emergency services Assist rescue efforts from outside the space
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Attendant Responsibilities (cont.)
Remain at the site while entrants are inside
Order a space evacuation when conditions warrant such an action
Maintain an accurate count of the number of entrants
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Entrant Responsibilities
Attend the pre-entry briefing Know the hazards of the space Use appropriate equipment properlyExit the space if:
– An alarm is activated– Communication is lost– Unknown exposures are encountered– Ordered to do so
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Authorized Person Responsibilities
Familiarize themselves with characteristics of spaces
Verify that all hazards and sources of energy have been controlled in the space
Ensure that confined space permit is posted Rescind any permit for noncompliance with
permit requirements
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Rescuer Responsibilities
Understand the hazards of the space Be certified in emergency first aid and CPR Understand appropriate entry procedures Know how to use rescue equipment Practice confined space rescues at least annually
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Quiz
1. A confined space is defined as having limited egress, can be bodily entered, and is not designed for______________________ and _____________________.
2. All confined spaces must be permit-required. True or False3. The three hazards that must be tested for in a confined space
are __________ __________, combustibility and flammability, and toxic atmospheres.
4. Since entrants will view the hazards while in the space, it is not necessary that they know or review the hazards prior to entry. True or False
5. If a chemical storage tank is empty, it would not be considered a confined space. True or False
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Quiz (cont.)
6. Two examples of typical non-permit-required confined spaces are ________________ and ________________.
7. Confined space entry is a leading cause of occupational fatalities in the United States. True or False
8. Annual __________ drills are required by the OSHA Confined Space Standard.
9. An attendant should be available to be the first person into the space to conduct a rescue. True or False
10. An entrant should exit a confined space if ordered to do so, unknown exposures are encountered, communication is lost, or _______________________.
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Quiz Answers
1. A confined space is defined as having limited egress, can be bodily entered, and is not designed for continuous occupancy.
2. False. Some confined spaces may be classified as non-permit-required.
3. The three hazards that must be tested for in a confined space are oxygen content, combustibility and flammability, and toxic atmospheres.
4. False. Entrants must be familiar with all hazards prior to entering a confined space.
5. False. Just because it is empty does not preclude its being defined as a confined space.
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Quiz Answers (cont.)
6. Examples of typical non-permit-required confined spaces are utility closets, below-grade trenches, storage vaults, and utility subbasements.
7. True. Confined space entry is routinely one of the leading causes of occupational fatalities.
8. Annual emergency drills are required by the OSHA Confined Space Standard.
9. False. An attendant should never enter a confined space to rescue unless someone else is available to fill the duties as attendant.
10. An entrant should exit a confined space if ordered to do so, unknown exposures are encountered, communicationis lost, or an alarm is sounded.