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Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s history 90% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates went extinct in just 1-8 million years

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Page 1: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Permian

Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the PermianThis event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s history90% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates went extinct in just 1-8 million years

Page 2: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Permian mass extinction

Trilobites

Rugosan corals

Page 3: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Causes of the Permian mass extinction

No one is sure.Three hypotheses have been proposed:

Asteroid impactTerrestrial volcanismStagnant seas degassing carbon dioxide

Page 4: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Cotylosaur

Stem Reptiles

Page 5: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Therapsida

Mammal-like Reptiles

Page 6: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Thecodontia

Page 7: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Pterosauria

Page 8: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Hadrosaurs (ornithiscians)

Page 9: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Page 10: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Fig. 20.03

Page 11: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Theropod dinosaur

Page 12: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Deinonychus (theropod)

Page 13: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Plesiosaurs

Page 14: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Ichthyosaurs

Page 15: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Icthyosaurs

Page 16: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Page 17: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Page 18: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Fig. 20.04b

Page 19: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Cretaceous plants

Arrival of the angiosperms changed earth fundamentallyDuring the early Cretaceous, gymnosperms were dominantThe angiosperms appeared in the late Cretacous - 100-110 mybp

Page 20: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Angiosperm radiation

By the end of the Cretaceous, 50 of the 500 modern families had arisen

Page 21: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Cretaceous insect radiationNew groups evolved including the moths, butterflies, ants and beesAre these evolutionary arrivals unrelated to the radiation of angiosperms?

I think not!

These insects fed on nectar from the flowersCoevolved system - the insects relied on the plants for nectar and the plants relied on the insects for pollination

Page 22: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Fig. 20.06

Page 23: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Chicxulub crater

Chicxulub crater on Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula

125 miles across

Many paleontologists believe this crater is the site of the bolide impact that caused the K/T mass extinction

Iridium signature around world

Page 24: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Mammals - victors by default

Mesozoic were midnight ramblers

Mesozoic mammals were poor competitors with dinosaurs

Radiation of mammals occurred only after the demise of the dinosaurs

Page 25: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Tertiary mammalsAll mammals that passed through the K/T boundary were small and insectivorous

Required several million years before even moderately sized mammals appeared

About 10 my after the K/T boundary, some specialized mammals appeared

Bats

Whales

Manatees

Page 26: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Mesonychid

Page 27: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Andrewsarchus

Page 28: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Ambulocetus

Page 29: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Whale evolution

Page 30: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Hominid evolution

At least nine species of hominids existed within the past 4 my

Species have overlapped in space and in time

Ancestor-descendant relationships are not clear

Page 31: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Australopithecus

Page 32: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Page 33: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Page 34: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Page 35: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Homo habilis

Page 36: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Page 37: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Page 38: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

“Out of Africa” modelHomo erectus spread into several populations across Eurasia from AfricaOnly one continent where Homo sapiens evolved, and that was AfricaModern characteristics developed first and were then carried out of Africa

Page 39: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Fig. 21.15

Page 40: Permian Most notable event of the Permian is the mass extinction event at the end of the Permian This event was the largest mass extinction in earth’s

Support for Out of Africa model

Oldest known fossil from Ethiopia - 130,000 years old

Oldest fossil known outside of Africa and the Middle East is 40,000 years old

Implication that H. sapiens evolved in Africa and migrated to Europe and Asia

Erosional truncation of uppermost Permian shallow-marine …pangea.stanford.edu/~jlpayne/Payne_et_al_2007_GSABull.pdf · 2007-07-08 · erosion with mass extinction is a pulse of

The Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the end-Permian ... Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction event ... high abundance, and small body size ...Published

Meteorites, Asteroids and the Last Great Extinction Event 1&2 presentation.pdf · Meteorites, Asteroids and the Last Great Extinction Event Rappahannock Astronomy Club 11 March 2009

Paleobiogeographical extinction patterns of Permian … · of Brachiopoda. The timing of the end-Changhsingian extinction of brachiopods in the carbonate The timing of the end-Changhsingian

An abrupt extinction in the Middle Permian (Capitanian) of ...eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/85117/7/1411.full.pdf · An abrupt extinction in the Middle Permian (Capitanian) of the Boreal

The Ordovician-Silurian Extinction Event

Extinction event (completo)

Calibrating the End-Permian Mass Extinction€¦ · extinction interval was less than 200,000 years, and synchronous in marine and terrestrial realms; associated charcoal-rich and

The end-Permian extinctionThe end Permian extinction was the greatest mass extinction of the Phanerozoic Era. It impacted marine and terrestrial plants and animals. Although the rate

End-Guadalupian extinction of the Permian gigantic bivalve

Communitystabilityand selective extinction during the Permian …science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/350/6256/90.full.pdf · droplets are assumed to evaporate in a uniformly and thoroughly

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences - Department of Earth ... · Current perspectives on the Permian–Triassic boundary and end-Permian mass extinction: Preface Ian Metcalfea,*, Yukio

Current Leading Causes of Species Extinction. Holocene Extinction Event ???

Author's personal copy - Stanford Earthpangea.stanford.edu/~jlpayne/Knoll et al 2007 EPSL... · Author's personal copyFrontiers Paleophysiology and end-Permian mass extinction Andrew

Frontiers Paleophysiology and end-Permian mass extinctionrcoe/eart206/Knoll_P-T-extinction_07.pdf · Frontiers Paleophysiology and end-Permian mass extinction Andrew H. Knolla,⁎,

Research paper The Capitanian (Permian) Kamura …...Palaeoworld 16 (2007) 16–30 Research paper The Capitanian (Permian) Kamura cooling event: The beginning of the Paleozoic–Mesozoic

Extinction: Past and Present · animal species that is in danger of becoming extinct. Extinction: The death of all members of a species or other taxa. Extinction event: A major decrease

The end-Permian extinction · The end Permian extinction was the greatest mass extinction of the Phanerozoic Era. It ... perhaps even as short as a thousand years or less

Development of Life 2.ppt - Department of Astronomy …eiken/AST2037_files/Development_of_Life_2.pdf · • Big “bounce” in the development of life after the Permian Extinction

The Siberian Traps and the End-Permian mass extinction: a ... Files/The Siberian Traps and the End...The Siberian Traps and the End-Permian mass extinction: a critical review . Andy

Comments from Society of Vertebrate Paleontology...vertebrate life prior to the Permian-Triassic extinction. The area includes spectacular synapsid remains and strange burrows from

Extinction: Past and Present · or animal species that is in danger of becoming extinct. Extinction: The death of all members of a species or other taxa. Extinction event: A major

The End Permian David M. Syracuse, I – Presenter November 17 th, 2008 GLY 529 Mass Extinction s…?

Siberian Traps and the Permo-Triassic Extinction Event

End-Guadalupian extinction of the Permian gigantic bivalve ...ea.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/earth/Members/Isozaki/09gigantism.pdf · End-Guadalupian extinction of the Permian gigantic bivalve

End-Permian Mass Extinction in the Oceans: An Ancient ... and Clapham 20… · than the end-Permian mass extinction [∼252 million years ago (Mya)], the greatest biodiversity crisis

The Siberian Traps and the End-Permian mass extinction: A ...rpdata.caltech.edu/courses/Evolution_GIST_2014...Birkbeck College, London (2000) and received his PhD in Geology (2004)

Abrupt and Gradual Extinction Among Late Permian Land ...jkirschvink/pdfs/WardKarooScienceFinal.pdf · Abrupt and Gradual Extinction Among Late Permian Land Vertebrates in the Karoo

there a mass extinction at the Permian/Triassic boundary

PowerPoint Presentation · 2019-10-11 · Earth's Recent Geological Time Scale Millions of years ago Cenozoic Tertiary Crebceous Jurassic Triassic Permian extinction Of the din.aurs

emmalindsayartist.files.wordpress.com · Web view4/26/2019 · Extinction Flock. opens perception to an abyss of time in the event of species extinction. The poet’s task is to

Contents · 2020-01-07 · Late Devonian mass extinction Permian mass extinction Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction C retaceous- Tertiary mass extinction 75 96 %80 76 % FIGURE 1.2

Permian–Triassic mass extinction pulses driven by major

Record of the end-Permian extinction and Triassic biotic recovery …pangea.stanford.edu/~jlpayne/Lehrmann_et_al_2007_PPP... · 2007-09-04 · Record of the end-Permian extinction

The Parallels Between the End-Permian Mass Extinction and