Permanent Hair Permanent Hair Removal – Removal – ElectrolysisElectrolysisVickie L.Mickey, CT, CLHRPVickie L.Mickey, CT, CLHRP

ElectrolysisElectrolysis

Only proven method of permanent hair Only proven method of permanent hair removal recognized by FDAremoval recognized by FDA

No published studiesNo published studies 1875 Charles Michelle invented method 1875 Charles Michelle invented method

removing ingrown eyelash!removing ingrown eyelash! Electrolysis - processElectrolysis - process Electrology - science & profession Electrology - science & profession Electrologist - professionalElectrologist - professional

Three Modalities of Three Modalities of electrolysiselectrolysis

ThermolysisThermolysis Galvanic Electrolysis Galvanic Electrolysis BlendBlend

ElectrolysisElectrolysis

Galvanic current – DCGalvanic current – DC Moves in one directionMoves in one direction Chemical decomposition of follicleChemical decomposition of follicle Current causes salts & water in skin to form Current causes salts & water in skin to form

sodium hydroxide (lye)sodium hydroxide (lye) Hydrogen gas & chlorine gas form – bubble Hydrogen gas & chlorine gas form – bubble

can appear at surface of skincan appear at surface of skin Method effective but time consumingMethod effective but time consuming Accuracy makes up for time Accuracy makes up for time

Experiment – Effects of Experiment – Effects of Lye on SkinLye on Skin

Lay lye on a piece of meatLay lye on a piece of meat Crystal will dissolveCrystal will dissolve Puddle will formPuddle will form Tissue decomposed – caustic action of Tissue decomposed – caustic action of

lyelye

Experiment #2Experiment #2

Fill glass with waterFill glass with water Add 2 tsp. saltAdd 2 tsp. salt Stir until salt dissolvesStir until salt dissolves Place positive ground (hand held ground) in Place positive ground (hand held ground) in

water.water. Place needle in the needle holder (not all the Place needle in the needle holder (not all the

way)way) Turn on DC & turn up the powerTurn on DC & turn up the power Insert needle into waterInsert needle into water Notice hydrogen bubbleNotice hydrogen bubble

Experiment #3 Experiment #3

Repeat # 2 using distilled water Repeat # 2 using distilled water Current will not flow through Current will not flow through

demineralized waterdemineralized water Add salt slowly – the meter rises with the Add salt slowly – the meter rises with the

addition of conductive materialaddition of conductive material

Pouring Lye in Follicle? Pouring Lye in Follicle? How do we do that?How do we do that?

Galvanic machine – turned onGalvanic machine – turned on Rectifier produces DCRectifier produces DC Rheostat controls intensity of current flowRheostat controls intensity of current flow Millampere meter gauges the flow of currentMillampere meter gauges the flow of current Needle holder is attached to the negative cord jack on front of unitNeedle holder is attached to the negative cord jack on front of unit Footswitch is attached to the jack on back of unitFootswitch is attached to the jack on back of unit Needle or probe is placed in needle holderNeedle or probe is placed in needle holder Needle is placed in patients skinNeedle is placed in patients skin Footswitch is depressed , releasing current flowFootswitch is depressed , releasing current flow Chemical action of current produces lyeChemical action of current produces lye Electrical current returns to the positive terminal of the unitElectrical current returns to the positive terminal of the unit

Galvanic Current Pros & Galvanic Current Pros & ConsCons

Offers highest success rate in hair removalOffers highest success rate in hair removal Accurate insertions are not as critical as current runs along the Accurate insertions are not as critical as current runs along the

complete needle surfacecomplete needle surface Distorted follicles respond to DCDistorted follicles respond to DC Lye produced in follicle continues to destroy follicle after treatment Lye produced in follicle continues to destroy follicle after treatment

is overis over Very slow method – minutes per follicleVery slow method – minutes per follicle Multi-needle much betterMulti-needle much better Can have shocking pain sensation when current develops in Can have shocking pain sensation when current develops in

folliclefollicle Incorrect cord set-up can cause tattooingIncorrect cord set-up can cause tattooing New equipment has a ramping feature to gradually build current.New equipment has a ramping feature to gradually build current.

Variables Affecting Variables Affecting Galvanic CurrentGalvanic Current

Lye gradient – the concentration of lye Lye gradient – the concentration of lye produced in the hair follicle.produced in the hair follicle.

Treatment energy – current duration & Treatment energy – current duration & current density. current density.

These factors affect delivery of lye to the These factors affect delivery of lye to the probe tip.probe tip.

Dermal papilla must receive enough lye.Dermal papilla must receive enough lye.

Galvanic Do’s & Don’tsGalvanic Do’s & Don’ts

Follow manufactures guidelines.Follow manufactures guidelines. Make sure the negative cord is attached Make sure the negative cord is attached

to the negative jack to avoid tattooing.to the negative jack to avoid tattooing. Do not use tapered needles.Do not use tapered needles. Do not pulse with galvanic current.Do not pulse with galvanic current. Cataphoresis reduces redness but not Cataphoresis reduces redness but not

necessary.necessary.

ThermolysisThermolysis

Dr. Bordier developed the first thermolysis of Dr. Bordier developed the first thermolysis of hair in 1923.hair in 1923.

Published results in 1932.Published results in 1932. Thermo – Greek word for Heat. Thermo – Greek word for Heat. Ysis – means to dissolve.Ysis – means to dissolve. AC – current.AC – current. Referred to as high-frequency & shortwave Referred to as high-frequency & shortwave Easy to learn by practitionerEasy to learn by practitioner

Thermolysis MethodsThermolysis Methods

ManualManual Semi-manualSemi-manual ComputerizedComputerized Thermolysis methods can range from unit Thermolysis methods can range from unit

designdesign

How Thermolysis WorksHow Thermolysis Works

Requires a conductor to deliver current Requires a conductor to deliver current Current can travel though air via sound Current can travel though air via sound

waveswaves Needle is the conductor in the follicleNeedle is the conductor in the follicle Operates at 30 megahertz 30,000,000 Operates at 30 megahertz 30,000,000

times per secondtimes per second

Alternating Current Alternating Current

To understand thermolysis one must To understand thermolysis one must understand alternating current.understand alternating current.

Imagine a plastic tube filled with balls that fit Imagine a plastic tube filled with balls that fit tightly into inside space of the tube. The balls tightly into inside space of the tube. The balls have a string attached to them; as soon as the have a string attached to them; as soon as the ball is pushed into the tube you will pull back ball is pushed into the tube you will pull back on it. This action creates a suction, as the balls on it. This action creates a suction, as the balls are pulled toward you. Repeat this process are pulled toward you. Repeat this process over and over and you have created alternating over and over and you have created alternating current affect.current affect.

Alternating CurrentAlternating Current

Electrical generators create the “push and pull” Electrical generators create the “push and pull” phenomenon by rapidly changing an electrical phenomenon by rapidly changing an electrical charge from the negative to the positive. charge from the negative to the positive. Negative charges push the electrons out into Negative charges push the electrons out into the power lines and positive charge pulls it the power lines and positive charge pulls it back. back.

One - back and forth motion is called a cycle.One - back and forth motion is called a cycle. Sixty cycles per second is standard American Sixty cycles per second is standard American

household current.household current.

High Frequency CurrentHigh Frequency Current

Imagine this back-and-forth motion accelerated Imagine this back-and-forth motion accelerated to million cycles per second. to million cycles per second.

This incredible rate is said be “oscillating”.This incredible rate is said be “oscillating”. This quickened movement is called mega This quickened movement is called mega

cycles: millions of cycles per second.cycles: millions of cycles per second. Blend epilators produce current output of 13.56 Blend epilators produce current output of 13.56

megacycles. 13 million back-and–forth megacycles. 13 million back-and–forth electrons per second.electrons per second.

Oscillating current is called high frequency or Oscillating current is called high frequency or HF.HF.

Hertz & MegahertzHertz & Megahertz

Hertz the car rental?Hertz the car rental? No, Hertz & Megahertz are named for No, Hertz & Megahertz are named for

Heinrich Hertz. Heinrich Hertz. More common names are “cycles” and More common names are “cycles” and

“megacycles” because these terms “megacycles” because these terms express the cycling or oscillation process.express the cycling or oscillation process.

Abbreviations for “Hertz” is Hz & MHz for Abbreviations for “Hertz” is Hz & MHz for Megahertz.Megahertz.

Radio WavesRadio Waves

Imagine a plastic tube representing a wire with Imagine a plastic tube representing a wire with electrons moving back and forth a million times electrons moving back and forth a million times per second. Suddenly, this energy is emitted per second. Suddenly, this energy is emitted into the air, from the entire length of the wire. into the air, from the entire length of the wire. This is called radio wave emission!This is called radio wave emission!

Do you know what radio waves are? No one Do you know what radio waves are? No one does!does!

Electrologist know what these waves do to Electrologist know what these waves do to human tissue! Tell me what do they do?human tissue! Tell me what do they do?

Tissue Heating Tissue Heating

1899 scientists discovered that human 1899 scientists discovered that human tissue could be heated by high tissue could be heated by high frequency.frequency.

Experimentation in 1920’s & 1930’s Experimentation in 1920’s & 1930’s demonstrated the benefits HF Current.demonstrated the benefits HF Current.

Diathermy was produced by numerous Diathermy was produced by numerous medical devices for applications in medical devices for applications in heating muscles and soft tissue.heating muscles and soft tissue.

Tissue DestructionTissue Destruction

HF can produce enough heat to cause HF can produce enough heat to cause necrosis (permanent tissue destruction).necrosis (permanent tissue destruction).

Different degrees of HF used on Different degrees of HF used on medicine produce specific results such medicine produce specific results such electrodessication, electro coagulation, electrodessication, electro coagulation, and electro section.and electro section.

ElectrocoagulationElectrocoagulation

Low level tissue destruction : tissue is Low level tissue destruction : tissue is clotted and rendered dysfunctional, but clotted and rendered dysfunctional, but not dried out!not dried out!

Electrodessication is severe tissue Electrodessication is severe tissue destruction by heat that dehydrates.destruction by heat that dehydrates.

Dermatologist use HF devices call Dermatologist use HF devices call “hyfrecator” to burn off moles and other “hyfrecator” to burn off moles and other unwanted tissue.unwanted tissue.

HF EpilatorsHF Epilators

Produce electrocoagulation by converting Produce electrocoagulation by converting liquids in the tissue , such as blood to liquids in the tissue , such as blood to produce a jell-like state!produce a jell-like state!

HF denatures tissue proteins (the HF denatures tissue proteins (the cooking process).cooking process).

““Coagulation” Term Used Coagulation” Term Used in Professionin Profession

Technically this term may not be Technically this term may not be accurate within our profession, but used accurate within our profession, but used for nearly a century.for nearly a century.

Terms: clot, “cook” denature and Terms: clot, “cook” denature and coagulate are commonly used as a coagulate are commonly used as a synonyms to denote tissue destruction by synonyms to denote tissue destruction by HF.HF.

Other Names for High Other Names for High FrequencyFrequency

Short WaveShort Wave Radio FrequencyRadio Frequency High Frequency is the most universal High Frequency is the most universal

term!term!

Hinkel Explains HFHinkel Explains HF

All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms have positive charged protons and have positive charged protons and negatively charged protons. The negatively charged protons. The presence of a negative charged proton in presence of a negative charged proton in the tissue causes an attraction and the tissue causes an attraction and electrons are repelled. Similarly, a electrons are repelled. Similarly, a positive charge attracts electrons and positive charge attracts electrons and repels protons.repels protons.

High Frequency NeedleHigh Frequency Needle

Produces a radio wave when inserted into the skin, the Produces a radio wave when inserted into the skin, the electric field causes certain atoms to become excited. electric field causes certain atoms to become excited. These atoms are pushed and pulled by rapidly These atoms are pushed and pulled by rapidly changing polarity. Agitated atoms vibrate against each changing polarity. Agitated atoms vibrate against each other and generate heat by friction.other and generate heat by friction.

Did you know that the needle does not get hot?Did you know that the needle does not get hot?The tissue around the needle become hot because of the The tissue around the needle become hot because of the

surrounding HF waves or field.surrounding HF waves or field.Did you know that the heat felt during treatment is the Did you know that the heat felt during treatment is the

vibration of the molecules against one another!vibration of the molecules against one another!

HF HeatingHF Heating

Hf is more intense in conductive substances Hf is more intense in conductive substances containing saltwater. The more conductive the containing saltwater. The more conductive the substance the hotter it will get!substance the hotter it will get!

Dry material cannot conduct high frequency.Dry material cannot conduct high frequency. Invisible radio wave energy radiates from the Invisible radio wave energy radiates from the

entire needle, but it is concentrated at the tip! entire needle, but it is concentrated at the tip! This is called the Point Effect!This is called the Point Effect!

SummarySummary

Remember:Remember: Epilator produces HF current.Epilator produces HF current. HF current creates radio waves around HF current creates radio waves around

the needle.the needle. Energy fields causes friction in the wet Energy fields causes friction in the wet

tissues.tissues. Generation of heat results in tissue Generation of heat results in tissue

destruction which kills the follicle.destruction which kills the follicle.

Point EffectPoint Effect

Electrical current merges & concentrates on Electrical current merges & concentrates on sharp pointed objects.sharp pointed objects.

Lightening Rods have a sharp pointed end.Lightening Rods have a sharp pointed end. The needle like shape works to conduct The needle like shape works to conduct

lightening to the ground.lightening to the ground. The point effect is perfect for hair removal, The point effect is perfect for hair removal,

because the tip produces more energy, because the tip produces more energy, coagulation is initially concentrated in the lower coagulation is initially concentrated in the lower follicle.follicle.

Heating PatternHeating Pattern

DC the lye pattern flows out along the DC the lye pattern flows out along the entire needle, the lye is uniform in entire needle, the lye is uniform in formation.formation.

HF starts at the tip of the needle and HF starts at the tip of the needle and progresses upward.progresses upward.

HF current climb takes place because the HF current climb takes place because the current always flows to the wettest, most current always flows to the wettest, most conductive material.conductive material.

Hotter Closer To The Hotter Closer To The NeedleNeedle

HF patterns climbs away from the HF patterns climbs away from the needle, coagulation continues to take needle, coagulation continues to take place in all the treated tissue.place in all the treated tissue.

Tip tissue - exposed to HF longer.Tip tissue - exposed to HF longer. Highest temperatures at core nearest Highest temperatures at core nearest

needle tip.needle tip. Temperature drops off and becomes too Temperature drops off and becomes too

low to affect tissue as it moves up.low to affect tissue as it moves up.

Denatured ProteinDenatured Protein

When animal tissue is heated to a high enough When animal tissue is heated to a high enough temperature, the protein is denatured.temperature, the protein is denatured.

Regardless if you boil, fry, bake, or microwave Regardless if you boil, fry, bake, or microwave animal tissue you coagulate liquids and animal tissue you coagulate liquids and denature the tissue protein.denature the tissue protein.

HF current is similar to the current in a HF current is similar to the current in a microwave oven, the energy radiates from the microwave oven, the energy radiates from the tissue and denatures the tissue.tissue and denatures the tissue.

Egg White AnalogueEgg White Analogue

Egg whites are protein, like human tissue.Egg whites are protein, like human tissue. Fill a small metal container with raw egg white.Fill a small metal container with raw egg white. Wet your hand with water, cradle and hold Wet your hand with water, cradle and hold

container. Wet hand grounds the HF.container. Wet hand grounds the HF. Insert needle into egg white – apply HF.Insert needle into egg white – apply HF. High HF intensity coagulates at the tip of High HF intensity coagulates at the tip of

needle and moves upwards.needle and moves upwards.

TIDSTIDS

Variables of Time, Intensity, Depth of insertion and Variables of Time, Intensity, Depth of insertion and Size needle (TIDS) drastically change how HF cooks Size needle (TIDS) drastically change how HF cooks tissue. tissue.

Human tissue coagulation intensifies, temperatures Human tissue coagulation intensifies, temperatures increase with longer exposure to HF current.increase with longer exposure to HF current.

Steaks become hotter and more well-done the longer Steaks become hotter and more well-done the longer the pan remains on the fire.the pan remains on the fire.

The follicle cooks with longer HF flow!The follicle cooks with longer HF flow! If we leave the needle in the egg whites longer, the If we leave the needle in the egg whites longer, the

higher temperatures and more intense cooking higher temperatures and more intense cooking develops within the pattern closer to the needle.develops within the pattern closer to the needle.

Intensity VariableIntensity Variable

As HF intensity raises, the tissue is As HF intensity raises, the tissue is cooked faster.cooked faster.

Higher HF intensity causes intense Higher HF intensity causes intense tissue coagulation , as the intensity is tissue coagulation , as the intensity is increased the larger the heating pattern increased the larger the heating pattern forms.forms.

Depth: VariableDepth: Variable

Most misunderstood variable is needle depth!Most misunderstood variable is needle depth! A deep needle insertion disperses the HF A deep needle insertion disperses the HF

current over a larger surface areas, causing a current over a larger surface areas, causing a slower cooking.slower cooking.

Shallow insertion concentrates the current and Shallow insertion concentrates the current and causes more intense tissue destruction.causes more intense tissue destruction.

Most common error causes serve damage to Most common error causes serve damage to the skin in a too shallow insertion.the skin in a too shallow insertion.

Size: VariableSize: Variable

Needle diameter greatly affects how HF Needle diameter greatly affects how HF destroys tissue.destroys tissue.

Thin needles produce more cooking than Thin needles produce more cooking than thicker needles. Thin needles concentrate the thicker needles. Thin needles concentrate the HF to a smaller areas.HF to a smaller areas.

Larger needles concentrate the HF to a greater Larger needles concentrate the HF to a greater surface areas.surface areas.

Many electrologist use too small of a needle Many electrologist use too small of a needle size, thus causing over treatment.size, thus causing over treatment.

Choose a needle the size of the hair!!Choose a needle the size of the hair!!

TIDS ConclusionTIDS Conclusion

Only you can control the TIDS variable.Only you can control the TIDS variable. Always consider when using HF on a Always consider when using HF on a

patient!patient!

Moisture GradientMoisture Gradient

Moisture Gradient of the follicle helps Moisture Gradient of the follicle helps concentrate coagulation in the lower concentrate coagulation in the lower follicle area, your target!follicle area, your target!

It protects the upper dermis area!It protects the upper dermis area! The blood vessels in the dermis are like a The blood vessels in the dermis are like a

car radiator, it carries the HF heat away!car radiator, it carries the HF heat away!

HF Too LowHF Too Low

Low intensity may be less painful, however the Low intensity may be less painful, however the target area is missed!target area is missed!

Upper dermis is coagulated!Upper dermis is coagulated! HF current used lower than correct blend HF current used lower than correct blend

values results in coagulation in the middle of values results in coagulation in the middle of the needle and progresses upwards.the needle and progresses upwards.

If the patient feels almost nothing the HF If the patient feels almost nothing the HF current is too LOW!current is too LOW!

HF Too HighHF Too High

Dire consequences can result!Dire consequences can result! Extreme HF creates a heating pattern Extreme HF creates a heating pattern

that climbs the needle so rapidly that that climbs the needle so rapidly that using manual timing is unthinkable.using manual timing is unthinkable.

Fast current rise can result in pitted Fast current rise can result in pitted scars.scars.

Some epilators produce HF levels that Some epilators produce HF levels that are too high! are too high!

Flash MethodFlash Method

The Kree company out of New York developed the HF The Kree company out of New York developed the HF in automatic thermolysis. Known as the Kree Method.in automatic thermolysis. Known as the Kree Method.

Current is on for ½ second & very high HF.Current is on for ½ second & very high HF. Nearly all epilators are capable of the so called Flash Nearly all epilators are capable of the so called Flash

technique.technique. High HF produces a narrow heating pattern that rapidly High HF produces a narrow heating pattern that rapidly

climbs the needle.climbs the needle. High current can produce blistering temperatures, a High current can produce blistering temperatures, a

sizzle, and dry-out the tissue.sizzle, and dry-out the tissue. Super Flash is the modern version of flash. This Super Flash is the modern version of flash. This

method emits HF for a fraction of 100method emits HF for a fraction of 100thth of a second. of a second. Can cause a sparkler effect.Can cause a sparkler effect.

Flash Method ContinuedFlash Method Continued

Large to medium hairs require several Large to medium hairs require several super flashes at varying depths. super flashes at varying depths.

HF Super Flash current is applied at the HF Super Flash current is applied at the bottom, middle, and top of the follicle.bottom, middle, and top of the follicle.

Ensures entire follicle is treated! Ensures entire follicle is treated!

HF Blow-OutHF Blow-Out

Dr. James Shuster describes the devastating effect of using ultra Dr. James Shuster describes the devastating effect of using ultra high HF as HF Blow-out.high HF as HF Blow-out.

HF Blow-out is when intense HF current converts water in the HF Blow-out is when intense HF current converts water in the tissue to steam that blows out of the follicle,tissue to steam that blows out of the follicle,

Sizzle is heard as steam escapes from the follicle opening.Sizzle is heard as steam escapes from the follicle opening. The lower follicle fills with non-conductive steam that prevents The lower follicle fills with non-conductive steam that prevents

coagulation of the lower follicle.coagulation of the lower follicle. Hair Regrows and the skin is Overtreated!Hair Regrows and the skin is Overtreated! Flash users have been told that the sebum is being cooked. Flash users have been told that the sebum is being cooked. A puff of smoke, smell of burning tissue, result in the needle A puff of smoke, smell of burning tissue, result in the needle

drying out the skin with tissue stuck to the needle.drying out the skin with tissue stuck to the needle. This drastic level of tissue destruction is totally unnecessary.This drastic level of tissue destruction is totally unnecessary.

Manual HFManual HF

Correct blend levels of HF are much lower than flash.Correct blend levels of HF are much lower than flash. Manually controlled.Manually controlled. Low current may flow up to 20 seconds.Low current may flow up to 20 seconds. Low current creates the preferred broad heating Low current creates the preferred broad heating

pattern.pattern. Tissue is coagulated; not dried out.Tissue is coagulated; not dried out. Technician has time to control tissue destruction.Technician has time to control tissue destruction. Manual low intensity HF, as in the blend, results in less Manual low intensity HF, as in the blend, results in less

over treatment!over treatment!

Measuring The HFMeasuring The HF

All epilators produce a fixed range of HF All epilators produce a fixed range of HF intensities.intensities.

Measured in voltage.Measured in voltage. Average blend epilator produces 0 to 100 volts.Average blend epilator produces 0 to 100 volts. Average flash epilator produces 50 – 300 volts.Average flash epilator produces 50 – 300 volts. Face panel numbers indicate the HF levels, Face panel numbers indicate the HF levels,

some use meters.some use meters. Indicates epilators output only, energy within Indicates epilators output only, energy within

follicle is not measured as in DC meters.follicle is not measured as in DC meters.

Receptivity FactorReceptivity Factor

HF entering the follicle is directly proportional HF entering the follicle is directly proportional to the amount of moisture in the tissue.to the amount of moisture in the tissue.

Skin has a “receptivity factor” for HF.Skin has a “receptivity factor” for HF. Turn your HF dial to 50 volts, insert needle into Turn your HF dial to 50 volts, insert needle into

leather, nothing happens. Why?leather, nothing happens. Why? Use same setting on moist young skin and Use same setting on moist young skin and

heating tissue destruction occurs.heating tissue destruction occurs. Each patient has different skin moisture, Each patient has different skin moisture,

therefore HF output produces different current therefore HF output produces different current levels in each patient and body area.levels in each patient and body area.

Follicle TemperatureFollicle Temperature

Level of destruction in the follicle is determined by the Level of destruction in the follicle is determined by the temperature achieved in the tissue.temperature achieved in the tissue.

No meter exists that can measure actual temperature in the No meter exists that can measure actual temperature in the follicle.follicle.

One must rely on well-designed machine output indicators to give One must rely on well-designed machine output indicators to give idea of temperature produced.idea of temperature produced.

Cell injury can begin at only 105 degrees.Cell injury can begin at only 105 degrees. Coagulation of human tissue takes place between 127 degrees to Coagulation of human tissue takes place between 127 degrees to

212 degrees. 212 degrees. Above 212 degrees (the boiling point) tissue is desiccated), Above 212 degrees (the boiling point) tissue is desiccated),

deprived of water.deprived of water. Severe burning takes place at 240 degrees!Severe burning takes place at 240 degrees! Correctly designed blend epilators has HF output that produces Correctly designed blend epilators has HF output that produces

only coagulation temperatures. 35 to 90 volts encompass that only coagulation temperatures. 35 to 90 volts encompass that range in the blend method.range in the blend method.

Capacitive ReturnCapacitive Return

HF does not require the use of hand-held HF does not require the use of hand-held ground.ground.

For unknown reasons, radio waves are able to For unknown reasons, radio waves are able to travel from the patient into the air and return to travel from the patient into the air and return to the epilator. the epilator.

This phenomenon is called “capacitive return”.This phenomenon is called “capacitive return”. Research has shown that certain epilators Research has shown that certain epilators

require less voltage when the hand held require less voltage when the hand held ground is used. ground is used.

HF OvertreatmentHF Overtreatment

Used for over 70 years without Used for over 70 years without documented adverse side effects.documented adverse side effects.

Destructive capacity of HF is much more Destructive capacity of HF is much more than DC.than DC.

Over treatment with blend is always Over treatment with blend is always caused by improper HF.caused by improper HF.

HF & The Curved FollicleHF & The Curved Follicle

Hair that is naturally curly or “kinky” has curved Hair that is naturally curly or “kinky” has curved follicles. follicles.

Degree of curve to the follicle makes accurate Degree of curve to the follicle makes accurate needle-insertions more difficult.needle-insertions more difficult.

Sodium hydroxide produced by DC is capable Sodium hydroxide produced by DC is capable of reaching the areas outside of HF field. of reaching the areas outside of HF field. Therefore single needle or multi-needle Therefore single needle or multi-needle galvanic is better on these patients.galvanic is better on these patients.

Galvanic current fills a need in our work and is Galvanic current fills a need in our work and is the basis for the blend-current method.the basis for the blend-current method.

PacemakersPacemakers

Emit electrical stimuli at either a constant-rate or on-demand.Emit electrical stimuli at either a constant-rate or on-demand. Constant rate pacemakers might be adversely affected by HF Constant rate pacemakers might be adversely affected by HF

emissions form the epilator.emissions form the epilator. Most pacemakers have built in safety factors such as electro-Most pacemakers have built in safety factors such as electro-

magnetic shields.magnetic shields. Rarely does the HF field cause clinical problems.Rarely does the HF field cause clinical problems. Before treating a patient with a pacemaker you must get written Before treating a patient with a pacemaker you must get written

approval from the attending physician and the manufacture of the approval from the attending physician and the manufacture of the device. device.

Unstable cardiac patients with pacemakers must not be treated!Unstable cardiac patients with pacemakers must not be treated! Do not work directly overlying a pacemaker, due to possible Do not work directly overlying a pacemaker, due to possible

interference of HF.interference of HF.

PregnancyPregnancy

For the same legal reason do not work For the same legal reason do not work on pregnant women, unless you get on pregnant women, unless you get written permission form the patient’s written permission form the patient’s doctor.doctor.

The BlendThe Blend

Hinkle’s scientific methods and willingness to Hinkle’s scientific methods and willingness to share information was his greatest gift to our share information was his greatest gift to our profession.profession.

Blend is considered the “golden” method of Blend is considered the “golden” method of electrology.electrology.

Both HF and DC flow from the needle at the Both HF and DC flow from the needle at the same time.same time.

Hinkle analogy of Blend current best illustrates Hinkle analogy of Blend current best illustrates the dual-current phenomenon.the dual-current phenomenon.

Blend EffectsBlend Effects

Combining the DC & HF does not change the Combining the DC & HF does not change the integrity or unique way of destroying the tissue.integrity or unique way of destroying the tissue.

DC flows producing lye to decompose the DC flows producing lye to decompose the tissue and the HF coagulates the follicle.tissue and the HF coagulates the follicle.

The interaction of the current in blending is The interaction of the current in blending is complicated and not totally understood, but complicated and not totally understood, but they profoundly enhance treatment speed and they profoundly enhance treatment speed and efficiency. efficiency.

Combining the two currents produce better Combining the two currents produce better results than the individual current could attain.results than the individual current could attain.

Hinkle’s FindingsHinkle’s Findings

The lye is more reactive in the blend.The lye is more reactive in the blend. All chemicals react faster when heated.All chemicals react faster when heated. Studies in the Netherlands confirmed the Studies in the Netherlands confirmed the

action of heat on lye.action of heat on lye. Normal blend temperature is 140F to Normal blend temperature is 140F to

160F, lye causticity is four times greater 160F, lye causticity is four times greater than at body temperature.than at body temperature.

Hinkle's FindingsHinkle's Findings

When the HF coagulation renders the cell When the HF coagulation renders the cell a porous mass, it then breaks the cell a porous mass, it then breaks the cell membrane to release moisture and membrane to release moisture and denatured protein molecule. This makes denatured protein molecule. This makes the cell more permeable to enable the lye the cell more permeable to enable the lye to penetrate the cooked mass.to penetrate the cooked mass.

Hinkle's FindingsHinkle's Findings

Turbulence from the HF in the follicle causes Turbulence from the HF in the follicle causes the tissue to churn, lye produced by the DC is the tissue to churn, lye produced by the DC is forced into hidden crevices of the follicle. forced into hidden crevices of the follicle. Hinkle believed this help to destroy the follicle.Hinkle believed this help to destroy the follicle.

Hinkle also contended that when the two Hinkle also contended that when the two currents flow at the same time the HF heating currents flow at the same time the HF heating pattern supersedes the DC lye pattern. pattern supersedes the DC lye pattern.

He believed that the HF controlled the DC and He believed that the HF controlled the DC and was the master current. was the master current.

DC & HF ExperimentsDC & HF Experiments

This experiment demonstrates several This experiment demonstrates several important characteristics of the DC & HF important characteristics of the DC & HF currents.currents.

Note: non-living tissue reacts differently Note: non-living tissue reacts differently however these test will demonstrate however these test will demonstrate visible evidencevisible evidence

Schuster’s FindingsSchuster’s Findings

Dr. Schuster studies suggest that DC electrons Dr. Schuster studies suggest that DC electrons flow through the skin, lye forms in the tissue flow through the skin, lye forms in the tissue itself. itself.

Schuster’s studies do not show that HF alters Schuster’s studies do not show that HF alters the DC. the DC.

Schuster doubts that HF causes tissue Schuster doubts that HF causes tissue permeability.permeability.

Schuster supports Hinkle’s notion of increased Schuster supports Hinkle’s notion of increased lye reactivity. lye reactivity.

ConclusionConclusion

Bono believes that the laboratory experiments Bono believes that the laboratory experiments are attempts to describe the blend! Blend is a are attempts to describe the blend! Blend is a proven method for over 50 years!proven method for over 50 years!

Arthur Hinkle never invented methodology Arthur Hinkle never invented methodology based solely on laboratory findings or theory based solely on laboratory findings or theory concepts. concepts.

Hinkle observed countless expert blend Hinkle observed countless expert blend technicians and them attempted to understand technicians and them attempted to understand the results.the results.

Research ConclusionResearch Conclusion

DC creates lye that decomposes the follicle.DC creates lye that decomposes the follicle. HF heats saltwater in the tissue, thus increases lye efficiency.HF heats saltwater in the tissue, thus increases lye efficiency. Deep coarse hair in moist skin creates a high “receptive factor” Deep coarse hair in moist skin creates a high “receptive factor”

which can result in over treatment.which can result in over treatment. Such hairs have big target areas requiring ample treatment.Such hairs have big target areas requiring ample treatment. DC alone takes too long to eliminate course hair.DC alone takes too long to eliminate course hair. HF generates a narrow heating pattern that can miss the target!HF generates a narrow heating pattern that can miss the target! The lethal combination of coagulation and hot lye is disseminated The lethal combination of coagulation and hot lye is disseminated

in the lower follicle before the HF rises.in the lower follicle before the HF rises. Hair is destroyed without over treatment.Hair is destroyed without over treatment. The blend can make up for inaccurate insertions by the broad The blend can make up for inaccurate insertions by the broad

destructive pattern.destructive pattern.

Classic BlendClassic Blend

1. Choose needle size – about the size of the 1. Choose needle size – about the size of the hair. Correct needle size guards against HF hair. Correct needle size guards against HF over treatment.over treatment.

2. Needle length – approximate the exact 2. Needle length – approximate the exact depth of the follicle. Do depth gauge!depth of the follicle. Do depth gauge!

a. Short needles for small to medium hairs.a. Short needles for small to medium hairs. b.Regular needles for larger hairs.b.Regular needles for larger hairs. c.Tapered needles come in different lengths. c.Tapered needles come in different lengths.

Choose one that is longer than you think Choose one that is longer than you think necessary.necessary.

Classic BlendClassic Blend

3. Position needle in needle-holder, tighten the pin-3. Position needle in needle-holder, tighten the pin-vise.vise.

4. Once a year check pin-vise – they should not close 4. Once a year check pin-vise – they should not close with a circle or hole in middle. If so replace the needle with a circle or hole in middle. If so replace the needle holder as it will not permit proper electrical contact. holder as it will not permit proper electrical contact.

5. Finger Position – use what works best of you.5. Finger Position – use what works best of you. 6. Stretch the skin – use the thumb and first finger to 6. Stretch the skin – use the thumb and first finger to

hold the tweezers and needle holder, use remaining hold the tweezers and needle holder, use remaining fingers to gently press and stretch the skin.fingers to gently press and stretch the skin.

Classic BlendClassic Blend

Did you know that recent research proves that Did you know that recent research proves that stretching the skin does not permit the needle stretching the skin does not permit the needle to slide into the follicle?to slide into the follicle?

Dr. Shuster’s experimentations demonstrate Dr. Shuster’s experimentations demonstrate that the needle does penetrate the outer root that the needle does penetrate the outer root sheath. sheath.

Stretching firms and stabilizes the skin as the Stretching firms and stabilizes the skin as the needle punctures the bloodless outer root needle punctures the bloodless outer root sheath.sheath.

Classic BlendClassic Blend

Insertion – aim the needle tip at the follicle opening. Align the Insertion – aim the needle tip at the follicle opening. Align the needle to the first millimeter of the hair shaft emerging from the needle to the first millimeter of the hair shaft emerging from the follicle.follicle.

The first millimeter of the shaft points you to the exact location in The first millimeter of the shaft points you to the exact location in most cases.most cases.

This is referred to as the “Pathfinder”.This is referred to as the “Pathfinder”. This hair is fresh out of the follicle and relatively moist.This hair is fresh out of the follicle and relatively moist. Keep needle stationary as the current coagulates the follicle.Keep needle stationary as the current coagulates the follicle. Subtle movement to verify insertion accuracy can be done by Subtle movement to verify insertion accuracy can be done by

moving the needle to the other side of the follicle. If needle is moving the needle to the other side of the follicle. If needle is perfectly inserted the hair “wags” like a dogs tail!perfectly inserted the hair “wags” like a dogs tail!

Classic BlendClassic Blend Establishing depth gauge – after thoroughly Establishing depth gauge – after thoroughly

coagulating an anagen hair, remove the needle coagulating an anagen hair, remove the needle from the follicle. Place tweezers at skin level. from the follicle. Place tweezers at skin level. Grasp the hair and epilate. The epilated root Grasp the hair and epilate. The epilated root and the hair shaft are the depth gauge.and the hair shaft are the depth gauge.

Note your correct needle depth!Note your correct needle depth! As you continue the treatment, a tiny DC “froth” As you continue the treatment, a tiny DC “froth”

sticks to your needle exactly at skin level. This sticks to your needle exactly at skin level. This is another indicator of correct insertion depth!is another indicator of correct insertion depth!

Classic BlendClassic Blend

HF current controls the HF coagulation and DC HF current controls the HF coagulation and DC lye in the follicle.lye in the follicle.

Establish your HF first!!!Establish your HF first!!! Think of your epilator intensity dial is just like a Think of your epilator intensity dial is just like a

radio volume control. As it increases the radio volume control. As it increases the current strength goes up. current strength goes up.

Like the radio increases, the control until the Like the radio increases, the control until the tissue coagulation takes place.tissue coagulation takes place.

When the patient feels tissue being destroyed When the patient feels tissue being destroyed you have reached your working point.you have reached your working point.

Classic BlendClassic Blend

Automatic blend epilators are not the Automatic blend epilators are not the classic manual blend.classic manual blend.

Follow instruction manual to disable all Follow instruction manual to disable all automatic functions.automatic functions.

Find starting point on epilator, should be Find starting point on epilator, should be in manual. It will be a specific number in manual. It will be a specific number such as “3” or it may be a number on the such as “3” or it may be a number on the HF meter.HF meter.

Classic BlendClassic Blend

Confirm the starting point by setting the epilator Confirm the starting point by setting the epilator at the lowest HF setting.at the lowest HF setting.

Insert into a medium size hair on your arm, you Insert into a medium size hair on your arm, you should feel mild current in 2-3 seconds. Keep should feel mild current in 2-3 seconds. Keep the current on for 20 seconds. the current on for 20 seconds.

If these conditions are met your epilator is If these conditions are met your epilator is correctly set.correctly set.

Begin treatments at your starting point, allow Begin treatments at your starting point, allow the patient to get used to the low current, then the patient to get used to the low current, then gradually advance HF.gradually advance HF.

Classic BlendClassic Blend

Repeat this process several times, increasing Repeat this process several times, increasing HF intensity slightly each time that you HF intensity slightly each time that you coagulate and epilate a new hair.coagulate and epilate a new hair.

Communicate with the patient, let them know Communicate with the patient, let them know that your are trying to find their pain tolerance.that your are trying to find their pain tolerance.

Remember that most West Coast electrologists Remember that most West Coast electrologists use the two hand technique, which enable use the two hand technique, which enable them to count the seconds that it takes to have them to count the seconds that it takes to have the hair release with progressive epilation.the hair release with progressive epilation.

Classic BlendClassic Blend

The working point reveals the skin’s electrical The working point reveals the skin’s electrical resistance.resistance.

Dry skin has higher resistance, more HF is Dry skin has higher resistance, more HF is needed, and vice versa for moist skin.needed, and vice versa for moist skin.

The HF working point is your electrical conduit The HF working point is your electrical conduit for DC.for DC.

Early pioneers were confronted with obstacles Early pioneers were confronted with obstacles as to how to combine two currents.as to how to combine two currents.

Classic BlendClassic Blend

HF is considered the dominant current, DC can HF is considered the dominant current, DC can block or “flood-out” the HF. block or “flood-out” the HF.

If DC is too high, the HF flow can be reduced.If DC is too high, the HF flow can be reduced. Hinkle realized that the correct amount of lye Hinkle realized that the correct amount of lye

was necessary, therefore named the was necessary, therefore named the measurement the “unit of Lye”.measurement the “unit of Lye”.

Hinkle defined the unit of lye as the product of Hinkle defined the unit of lye as the product of the amount current (in DC milliamperes) the amount current (in DC milliamperes) multiplied by the time current flow in seconds. multiplied by the time current flow in seconds.

Classic BlendClassic Blend

For 20 yrs. Hinkle studied and collected data For 20 yrs. Hinkle studied and collected data regarding the units of lye formulation.regarding the units of lye formulation.

Small vellus hairs require 15 units of lye, 30 Small vellus hairs require 15 units of lye, 30 units on small terminal hairs, Medium require units on small terminal hairs, Medium require 45 units, large terminal need 60 units, and very 45 units, large terminal need 60 units, and very large need 80 units.large need 80 units.

He learned that all hairs epilate with HF 3-20 He learned that all hairs epilate with HF 3-20 seconds. seconds.

Classic BlendClassic Blend

Hinkle’s simple formula for blend is: divide Hinkle’s simple formula for blend is: divide units of lye by seconds of epiliation time.units of lye by seconds of epiliation time.

Example: judge a hair to need 30 units of lye, Example: judge a hair to need 30 units of lye, the time to epilate is 10 seconds. Divide the 30 the time to epilate is 10 seconds. Divide the 30 units by 10 seconds and you get 3.units by 10 seconds and you get 3.

The number three is the setting for your DC The number three is the setting for your DC meter 3mA. meter 3mA.

If the numbers are not even set the DC meter If the numbers are not even set the DC meter to the nearest round number. to the nearest round number.

Do not use the seconds counter, count the Do not use the seconds counter, count the seconds yourself.seconds yourself.

Classic Blend SummaryClassic Blend Summary

The basic steps you have learned will The basic steps you have learned will become second nature.become second nature.

Choose correct needle size, find your HF Choose correct needle size, find your HF working point, set the DC meter!working point, set the DC meter!

You got it!You got it!

DC & HF ExperimentsDC & HF Experiments

Hinkle's Meat Experiment demonstrate Hinkle's Meat Experiment demonstrate several characteristics of current.several characteristics of current.

Current will react differently in meat as it Current will react differently in meat as it is not living tissue.is not living tissue.

These tests will give visible evidence of These tests will give visible evidence of how DC & HF acts on human skin. how DC & HF acts on human skin.

What You NeedWhat You Need

1. Beefsteak – fresh and moist with a 1. Beefsteak – fresh and moist with a little fat. A small cube of meat is all you little fat. A small cube of meat is all you will need.will need.

2. Glass of saltwater: mix 2 teaspoons of 2. Glass of saltwater: mix 2 teaspoons of salt in water.salt in water.

3. Sheet of Aluminum Foil 3. Sheet of Aluminum Foil

Basic SetupBasic Setup

Place meat on aluminum foil.Place meat on aluminum foil. Wet the meat with saltwater – this grounds meat to Wet the meat with saltwater – this grounds meat to

aluminum and moistens the meat for a good electrical aluminum and moistens the meat for a good electrical conduction.conduction.

Roll the DC ground up in the aluminum foil.Roll the DC ground up in the aluminum foil. Wet your hand with saltwater and firmly hold the Wet your hand with saltwater and firmly hold the

aluminum foil and ground – this grounds the HF.aluminum foil and ground – this grounds the HF. Check all cords are connected properly.Check all cords are connected properly. Use a .004 inch diameter needle.Use a .004 inch diameter needle. Periodically moisten the meat and your hand with Periodically moisten the meat and your hand with

saltwater in ensure proper electrical contact.saltwater in ensure proper electrical contact.

Test 1:DCTest 1:DC

1.1. Lay needle on meat.Lay needle on meat.2.2. Set DC meter to 0.5 mA (5 tenths milliamperes).Set DC meter to 0.5 mA (5 tenths milliamperes).3.3. Allow current to flow 2-4 minutes. Observe narrow Allow current to flow 2-4 minutes. Observe narrow

pattern of lye form with hydrogen bubbles.pattern of lye form with hydrogen bubbles.4.4. Stop current, wipe away foam with finger.Stop current, wipe away foam with finger.5.5. Observe groove that has formed as meat dissolved. Observe groove that has formed as meat dissolved.

There is not “cooking” of tissue.There is not “cooking” of tissue.6.6. Repeat this experiment using 1.0 mA, observe much Repeat this experiment using 1.0 mA, observe much

faster DC lye formation.faster DC lye formation.

Test 2: DC InsertedTest 2: DC Inserted

1. Insert needle deeply into meat.1. Insert needle deeply into meat. 2 Turn DC to 1.0 mA (10 tenths milliamperes).2 Turn DC to 1.0 mA (10 tenths milliamperes). 3. Allow current to flow for 2-4 minutes. – Frothing 3. Allow current to flow for 2-4 minutes. – Frothing

appears at insertion site.appears at insertion site. 4. With current flowing, slide needle up and down in 4. With current flowing, slide needle up and down in

meat. Observe the needle does not stick to meat as meat. Observe the needle does not stick to meat as there is no cooking of tissue.there is no cooking of tissue.

5. Set current at 1.0 mA, make a very shallow insertion 5. Set current at 1.0 mA, make a very shallow insertion – immediately abundant lye is formed with much – immediately abundant lye is formed with much bubbling. (Current is concentrated on small surface bubbling. (Current is concentrated on small surface area thus generates concentrated lye.) area thus generates concentrated lye.)

Test 3: HFTest 3: HF

1. Lay needle on meat.1. Lay needle on meat. 2. Use 60-90 HF level – observe meat turning brown. Note 2. Use 60-90 HF level – observe meat turning brown. Note

coagulation starts at the tip of needle and flows up. Heating coagulation starts at the tip of needle and flows up. Heating pattern is broad. With magnification you will see that HF causes pattern is broad. With magnification you will see that HF causes moisture to boil. Turbulence is created by HFmoisture to boil. Turbulence is created by HF

3. Experiment using different current strengths.3. Experiment using different current strengths. 4. Experiment using different needle lengths.4. Experiment using different needle lengths. Observe : higher current creates faster coagulation, less needle Observe : higher current creates faster coagulation, less needle

contact with meat causes rapid violent cooking. Note: meat may contact with meat causes rapid violent cooking. Note: meat may stick to needle. This indicates unnecessary tissue destruction. stick to needle. This indicates unnecessary tissue destruction. Remove any tissue from needle as it insulates the needle which Remove any tissue from needle as it insulates the needle which will make the subsequent test difficultwill make the subsequent test difficult

Test 4: HF InsertedTest 4: HF Inserted

1. Insert needle deeply into meat.1. Insert needle deeply into meat. 2. Turn HF dial to high output (70V-90V).2. Turn HF dial to high output (70V-90V). 3. Allow current to flow 20 seconds.3. Allow current to flow 20 seconds. Observe: at 15-20 seconds the cooking at insertion point, current has Observe: at 15-20 seconds the cooking at insertion point, current has

risen slowly.risen slowly. 4. Insert needle shallow.4. Insert needle shallow. Observe: almost instant tissue destruction and burning. (this happens to Observe: almost instant tissue destruction and burning. (this happens to

your client when you make a shallow insertion . Note the tissue sticks to your client when you make a shallow insertion . Note the tissue sticks to the needle .the needle .

5. Insert deeply again and apply high level HF. Slowly withdraw the 5. Insert deeply again and apply high level HF. Slowly withdraw the needle until the needle is out of the skin.needle until the needle is out of the skin.

Observe: cooking is rapid as the needle is withdrawn. Finally, with the Observe: cooking is rapid as the needle is withdrawn. Finally, with the needle just touching the surface of the meat a burn is created. Notice needle just touching the surface of the meat a burn is created. Notice tissue smokes as it is burned.tissue smokes as it is burned.

6. Repeat experiment again using different depths and current strengths. 6. Repeat experiment again using different depths and current strengths.

Test 5: DC & HFTest 5: DC & HF

1. Lay needle on meat.1. Lay needle on meat. 2 Use 70V HF and 1.0ma Dc (10 tenths millamperes).2 Use 70V HF and 1.0ma Dc (10 tenths millamperes). 3. Apply current simultaneously for about 20 seconds. 3. Apply current simultaneously for about 20 seconds.

Observe: Coagulation (browning) and lye (frothing) Observe: Coagulation (browning) and lye (frothing) formation. Note the coagulation and lye patterns are formation. Note the coagulation and lye patterns are broad and congruent. Notice lye production is broad and congruent. Notice lye production is accelerated and the needle does not stick to the tissue. accelerated and the needle does not stick to the tissue.

4. Try different needle depths and current levels. 4. Try different needle depths and current levels. Observe: Shallow needles cause rapid coagulation and Observe: Shallow needles cause rapid coagulation and potential burn.potential burn.

Test 6: DC & HF InsertedTest 6: DC & HF Inserted

1. Insert deeply into meat.1. Insert deeply into meat. 2. Apply 70V – 90V HF and 1.0 ma DC simultaneously 2. Apply 70V – 90V HF and 1.0 ma DC simultaneously

for 20 seconds. Observe: bubbles appear (hydrogen for 20 seconds. Observe: bubbles appear (hydrogen frothing) along with coagulation.frothing) along with coagulation.

3. Slide needle up and down with currents flowing. 3. Slide needle up and down with currents flowing. Observe: Needle does not stick because DC dissolves Observe: Needle does not stick because DC dissolves tissue and coagulation is not intense. Tissue is not tissue and coagulation is not intense. Tissue is not dehydrated.dehydrated.

4. Insert shallow. Observe: shallow insertion causes 4. Insert shallow. Observe: shallow insertion causes rapid coagulation and lye formation. Note coagulation rapid coagulation and lye formation. Note coagulation dominates.dominates.

Test 7: HF Blocks LyeTest 7: HF Blocks Lye

1. Insert needle about half way into meat.1. Insert needle about half way into meat. 2. Use full power HF and 0.5 mA DC (5 tenths 2. Use full power HF and 0.5 mA DC (5 tenths

milliamperes).milliamperes). 3 Apply DC current and see that meter reads 0.5 mA.3 Apply DC current and see that meter reads 0.5 mA. 4. Now, add the HF full power. Observe: HF super-4. Now, add the HF full power. Observe: HF super-

heats and dries out the tissue. DC is not able to flow, heats and dries out the tissue. DC is not able to flow, or becomes unstable as the epilator attempts to boost or becomes unstable as the epilator attempts to boost voltage. Note: that the meter drops, or becomes voltage. Note: that the meter drops, or becomes unstable as the epilator attempts to boost voltage. unstable as the epilator attempts to boost voltage. (This experiment demonstrates that high HF output (This experiment demonstrates that high HF output must not be used for the blend, it hampers DC lye must not be used for the blend, it hampers DC lye formation.formation.

Test 6 : DC & HF InsertedTest 6 : DC & HF Inserted

1. Insert deeply into meat.1. Insert deeply into meat. 2. Apply 70 V – 90V and 1.0 mA Dc 2. Apply 70 V – 90V and 1.0 mA Dc

simultaneously for 20 seconds. Observe: simultaneously for 20 seconds. Observe: bubbles appear along with coagulation.bubbles appear along with coagulation.

3. Slide needle up and down with both 3. Slide needle up and down with both current on at same time. Observe: current on at same time. Observe:

The EpilatorThe Epilator

Not all epilators are designed the same.Not all epilators are designed the same. Bono likes to have control!Bono likes to have control! When purchasing a epilator don’t expect all When purchasing a epilator don’t expect all

units to produce the same HF.units to produce the same HF. Know the face-technique and body-technical Know the face-technique and body-technical

settings, a wide range setting has better settings, a wide range setting has better control.control.

““If automation keeps up, man will atrophy all If automation keeps up, man will atrophy all his limbs but the push-button fingers.”his limbs but the push-button fingers.”

Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

The EpilatorThe Epilator

Bono contends we still need to use the Bono contends we still need to use the basic concepts laid down by Hinkle. They basic concepts laid down by Hinkle. They still have merit! still have merit!

Bio.Bio.

Michael Bono, The BlendMichael Bono, The Blend Arthur Hinkle,PEEArthur Hinkle,PEE Richard Lind, BA,Ma, Electrolysis , Richard Lind, BA,Ma, Electrolysis ,

Thermolysis, and the Blend: The Thermolysis, and the Blend: The Principles and Practice of Permanent Principles and Practice of Permanent Hair Removal Hair Removal