Periodic Table

Unit 3

VocabularyAtomic NumberAtomic MassAtomic SymbolValence electron

OrbitalElectron ShellEnergy LevelValence shell

Atomic Number

-reflects the # of protons in the nucleus and electrons in the electron cloud of a balanced atom of that element.

ATOMIC NUMBER = # OF PROTONS & ELECTRONS

Atomic Number

Atomic Mass

-the sum of the protons and the average number of neutrons

Atomic Mass

# of Neutrons

Np+-AM =

Atomic Mass (rounded to nearest whole number) minus # of protons

AM-P=N Example

Atomic Symbol

Putting it all together

Atomic Number

Element Symbol

Atomic Mass

Electron Orbitalsaka

Electron Shellsaka

Energy Levels

-the location and the path around the nucleus where an electron can be found

-the amount of energy carried by an electron in an atom

Energy Level Maximum # of Electron’s each level can hold

Nucleus 2 e-

8 e-

8 e-

Nucleus

Valence Shell

-the outermost shell of an atom in its uncombined state-all atoms want their valence shells filled.

Valence Electron• electrons located in the valence shell• # of valence e- will determine the

reactivity of the atom.• The more Valence e’s the more stable and HAPPY (Noble Gases)

• The less valence e’s the more reactive and EXPLOSIVE or UNHAPPY (Alkali Earth Metals)

Dmitri Mendeleev• a Russian chemist and

inventor• formulated the

Periodic Law• created a version of

the periodic table of elements

• predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered

Periods• A row of elements in the periodic table

whose elements change gradually and predictably.–7 periods–Period # = # of shells

• Period 1 = 1 shell• Period 2 = 2 shells• Period 3 = 3 shells• Etc, etc

Per

iod

s

Groups (Families)

• Columns in the Periodic Table that contain elements that have similar physical or chemical properties.–18 groups–Elements have same # of valence

e-

• Ex. Group13 has 3 valence e-

Groups

Metals• An element that has

luster, is malleable, ductile, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity

• Most are solids – Some are liquids

(Mercury and Neptunium)

• 91 metals

Nonmetals

-Gases or brittle solids-Poor conductors-Only 17 nonmetals

-include elements vital to life (P,C,O,I, N, S)

Carbon

SulfurChlorine

Metalloids-an element that shares some

properties with metals and some with nonmetals.

-6 metalloids

Silicon

Color Your Period Table

I. Label the periods. (1-7)II. Label the groups. (1-18)III. Color metals blue.IV. Color non-metals yellow.V. Color metalloids green.VI. Create a key to show what each

color represents.

Group 1(Alkali Metals)

-Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr-1 valence e-

-very reactive metals (except H-non-metal)

Na

Li

Lithium

PotassiumSodium

Rubidium

Cesium

Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals)

-Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra - 2 valence e-

-very reactive metals (less reactive than group 1)

Mg Be

Beryllium

Magnesium Calcium

Strontium Barium Radium

Group 13 (The Boron Family)

• B, Al, Ga, In, Tl• 3 valence e-

• All metal except B (metalloid)

B

AL

Group 14 (The Carbon Family)

• C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb• 4 valence e-

• Nonmetals: C• Metalloids: Si, Ge• Metals: Sn, Pb

C

Si

Group 15 (The Nitrogen Family)

• N, P, As, Sb, Bi• 5 valence e-

• nonmetals: N, P• Metalloids: As, Sb• Metal: Bi

NP

Group 16 (The Oxygen FAMILY)

-O, S, Se, Te, Po-6 valence e--nonmetals: O, S, Se-Metalloids: Te, Po S

Group 17 (The Halogen/Halides Family)

• F, Cl, Br, I, At• 7 valence e-• All nonmetal except At (metalloid)• “salt-formers”

F Cl

Fluorine

Chlorine

Bromine

Iodine

Group 18 (The Noble Gases)

• He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn• Full Valence shells=Stable• Rarely combine with other elements

He

Transition Elements

• Groups 3-12• All metals• Include the Inner Transition Elements

–Lanthanide Series–Actinide Series

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Halogens Noble Gases

Transition Elements

Inner Transition Elements