Periodic Table Review

The periodic table is a tool for organizing the elements.

A row of elements is called a period.

A column of elements is called a group or family.

The zigzag line reminds you where the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids are.•Metals are to the left•Nonmetals are to the right•Metalloids are along the line

Periods •Each row is called a “period”

1st Period = 1 Orbital/Shell2nd Period = 2 Orbitals/Shells3rd Period = 3 Orbitals/Shells4th Period = 4 Orbitals/Shells

•The elements in each period have the same number of shells

www.chem4kids.com

Groups

•Each column is called a “group”

•Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.

Group 1a = 1 valence electron

Group 2a = 2 valence electrons

Group 8a = 8 valence electrons

Except for He, it has 2 electrons

•The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”www.chem4kids.com

3a,4a,5a,6a,7a

Groups and Valence

Group # 11A

22A

133A

144A

155A

166A

177A

188A

# of valence electrons

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Discussion: Groups and Valence Electrons

• The elements in a group have similar properties and react/behave in similar ways.

• Valence electrons are those located in the outermost energy level of an atom– Atoms are “happy” and stable when their outermost energy

level is full – all of the Noble gases in group 18 are this way.

– Atoms are reactive with other atoms when their outermost energy level is not full.

– Atoms in the same group have the same # of valence electrons except the transition metals which do not follow the same pattern

– Elements in a family increase in reactivity as you move down.

Transition Metals

•Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons.

•This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry.

www.chem4kids.com

• Alkali Metals - 1 valence electron – Most reactive group of metals

• Alkaline Earth Metals - 2 valence electrons- Very reactive metals

• Halides/Halogens - 7 valence electrons – Most reactive group of non-metal

• Noble Gases - Complete outer shells – Most un-reactive elements

Alkali Metals

AlkalineEarthMetals

BoronFamily

CarbonFamily

NitrogenFamily

OxygenFamily Halides

Noble Gases

Time for…..

B I N G O

I AM IN GROUP 2 ANDPERIOD 3

I HAVE 2 ORBITALSAND 6 PROTONS

I HAVE 9 ELECTRONS AND AM IN GROUP 17

I HAVE 7 VALENCE ELECTRONSAND AM IN PERIOD 3

I HAVE A SIMILAR REACTIVITY TO HELIUM AND 18 PROTONS

I HAVE 0 NEUTRONS, 1 PROTON, AND AM IN GROUP 1

I HAVE A SIMILAR REACTIVITY TO HYDROGEN AND 19 PROTONS

I AM A NON-METAL IN PERIOD 3 AND HAVE 6 VALENCE ELECTRONS

I AM A METAL WITH 24 ELECTRONS

I HAVE TWO VALENCE ELECTRONS AND 4 ORBITALS

I HAVE A ROUNDED ATOMIC MASS OF 7 AND I AM IN GROUP 1

I AM A METAL IN PERIOD 4 WITH A ROUNDED ATOMIC MASS OF 48

I HAVE 5 VALENCE ELECTRONS AND 15 TOTAL ELECTRONS

I AM IN PERIOD 2 AND HAVE 5 NEUTRONS

I AM A NOBLE GAS, I AM VERY UN-REACTIVE, AND I HAVE 10 ELECTRONS

I AM IN GROUP 13, PERIOD 2

I AM IN PERIOD 3 AND HAVE A ROUNDED ATOMIC MASS OF 27

I LIKE TO COMBINE WITH HYDROGEN. I HAVE 6 VALENCE ELECTRONS AND 8 ELECTRONS

I AM IN PERIOD 3 AND AM IN THE MOST REACTIVE GROUP OF METALS

I AM VERY UN-REACTIVE, I HAVE 2 VALENCE ELECTRONS BUT I AM IN GROUP 18

I HAVE 4 ORBITALS AND 23 PROTONS

I HAVE 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS AND 14 ELECTRONS

I HAVE 4 ORBITALS AND A ROUNDED ATOMIC MASS OF 45

I HAVE 5 VALENCE ELECTRONS AND AM IN PERIOD 2