perception ppt.ppt

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

Perception

Perception

Perception refers to the interpretation of what we take in through our senses. In terms of optical illusions this means our eyes.

Simply put, our brains are tricked into seeing something which may or may not be real.http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/aa/widening/uniworld/webclub/rs/optical.htm

Perceptual processes include:Selection refers to choosing which of many stimuli that will be processed.Organization involves collecting the information into some pattern.Interpretation involves understanding the pattern.Perceptions can be in errorIllusions are visual stimuli that are misinterpreted. Hallucinations refer to perception without sensory stimulation.

Factors that Influence Perception

The Object of Perception:some things in our environment tend to attract attentionBackgrounds and Surroundingsour surroundings at the moment of perception will affect our perceptionsThe Perceiverwe each bring unique experiences and personal points of view to each situation

FACTORS affecting ATTENTION given to the objectIntensity/strength (ie. Sound volume, amount of sugar in water etc.)Source/location/distance (ie. News headlines)Color (ie. RED is most attractive)Size (Titanic, MOA, bacteria, viruses)Movement (sensitivity to slightest movement inside a morgue)Kind of stimulus (vision is more attractive than sound etc.)

PRINCIPLES OF PERCEPTION --- are laws through which the environmental stimuli are processed by the nervous system.

GESTALT PRINCIPLES. In order to make sense of our world our brains try to see patterns or shapes that are recognizable. This principle is called grouping.

http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/aa/widening/uniworld/webclub/rs/optical.htm

2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7ESelectionSelective attention: filtering out and attending only to important sensory messages.Feature detectors: specialized cells in the brain that respond only to certain sensory informationHabituation: tendency of the brain to ignore environmental factors that remain constant

Since many of the stimuli are processed by our eyes, it is important too to understand VISUAL PERCEPTUAL CUES.

MONOCULAR CUES --- cues that are possible when using 1 eye.

BINOCULAR CUES --- cues that are possible when using 2 eyes.

BINOCULAR Convergence You converge your eyes when looking at close objects you diverge to look at distant objects.

Position your hands and fingers like the ones shown at least a few inches in front of you and focus (crossing eyes) on the two fingers to see the floating sausage.

BINOCULAR Retinal disparityRetinal disparity is the difference between the lateral position of object in the left and right eyes

2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Visual Perception: DepthMonocular Cues Pictorial Cues

familiar sizeheight in the field of viewlinear perspectiveoverlapshadingtexture gradients


Monocular Cues: Shading, Texture Gradient


Monocular Cues: Linear Perspective, Height in Field

The mind forms shapes that don't exist

http://psycharts.com/opt_illus.html

http://psycharts.com/opt_illus.htmlAn example of an impossible figure

Parallel Lines?


Embedded Imageshttp://psycharts.com/opt_illus.html

2 dimensional chalk drawing


After a Necker cube is perceived from one perspective, it naturally tends to change to the other in about 3 seconds.http://psycharts.com/opt_illus.html

When you look at the top figure, your visual system will organize the elements into a box. The box will reverse, as in the Necker Cube illusion. The elements in the bottom figure have terminations and do not readily group into a box figure that shows reversalshttp://dragon.uml.edu/psych/box_1.html

M.C. Escher

The shades of red are identical

The difference in the appearance is related to the influence of the backgrounds.

http://psycharts.com/opt_illus.html Compare the shades of red

FIGURE-GROUND RELATIONSHIPS (Gestalt principle).When you look at the figure you will see either a vase or two faces. If you continue to look, the figure will appear to shift to the alternative organization.

Old Woman or Young Girl?


Man/Woman


Shimmerhttp://psycharts.com/opt_illus.html

Any movement you see is an illusion!


Straight Lines?


http://www.at-bristol.org.uk/Optical/Hermann_main.htmHermann Grid

Impossible Triangleand Tridenthttp://psycharts.com/opt_illus.html

What is wrong with this sign?http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/aa/widening/uniworld/webclub/rs/optical.htm

One morePerspective is evoked in this image by the pattern, and the lines on the wall which converge on to a common point in the distance.

http://www.sapdesignguild.org/resources/optical_illusions/perspective.html & http://www.killsometime.com/illusions/Optical-Illusion.asp?Illusion-ID=36

What about Extra Sensory Perception?

2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7EExtra Sensory PerceptionESP refers to the ability to perceive stimuli that are outside the 5 senses:

Telepathy: the ability to read mindsClairvoyance: the ability to perceive/locate missing objects or events Precognition: the ability to predict the futurePsychokinesis: the ability to move objects without touching them.

One very big reason why science does not readily accept ESP phenomena is that because ESP experiences cannot be duplicated/replicated in a laboratory setting (unlike other behaviors and mental processes). 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 7E

THE END

*IM: Monocular Cues Activity*Note: Instructors should feel free to replace this figure with any picture or pictures illustrating the various monocular cues of depth perception*Note: Instructors should feel free to replace this figure with any picture or pictures illustrating the various monocular cues of depth perception.**

perception ppt.ppt

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