perbesaran ukuran

8/19/2019 PERBESARAN UKURAN

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SIZE ENLARGEMENT /

AGGLOMERATION (V)


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PENDAHULUAN

• “combine sm!! "#$ic!es in$o !#%e"e#mnen$ msses in &'ic' $'e ini$i!"#im# ni$s #e s$i!! i*en$i+ib!e

• Aims , - Im"#o.in% 'n*!in% n* +!o&bi!i$

- Re*cin% *s$in% o# m$e#i! !osses

- P#o*cin% s$#c$#! se+! +o#m - En'ncin% ""e#nce

-


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PENDAHULUAN

• A#e 0no&n in mn nmes

- G#n!$ion

- Tb!e$in%

- 1#i2e$$in%

- Pe!!e$i3in%

- Enc"s!$ion

- A%!ome#$ion


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AGGLOMERATION

• T'e "#ocess b &'ic' "#$ic!es #e 4oine* o# bin* &i$'

one no$'e#5 in #n*om &5 en*in% &i$' %%#e%$e o+

"o#os s$#c$#e mc' !#%e# in si3e $'n $'e o#i%in!

m$e#i!6

• A%%!ome#$ion is ""!ie* $o $'e "#ocess in &'ic' i$s min

ob4ec$i.es is $o con$#o! "o#osi$ n* *ensi$ o+ $'e

m$e#i! in o#*e# $o in+!ence $'e in+!ence "#o"e#$ies !i0e

*is"e#sibi!i$ n* so!bi!i$ (instantizing).


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Ins$n$i3in% P#ocess

• To *esc#ibe $'e *is"e#sin% n* *isso!.in% "#o"e#$ies o+

"o&*e#6

• Some e7m"!es o+ ins$n$ "o&*e#, mi!05 co++ee5 bb

+oo*s5 so"s5 sces5 so+$ *#in05 s%# mi7$#es5

.i$mins n* me*ic$e* "o&*e#s6

• T'e ins$n$i3in% "#ocess m0e +oo* "o&*e#s &i$' $'e

“ins$n$8 $$#ib$e so $'e cn be *isso!.e* o# *is"e#se*

in 2eos mo#e #e*i! $'n &'en $'e #e in $'ei#

o#i%in! "o&*e#e* +o#ms6

• T&o min ins$n$i3in% "#ocess , %%!ome#$ion n* non

%%!ome#$ion me$'o*


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Ins$n$i3in% P#ocess

• A%%!ome#$ion me$'o* , s$#i%'$9$'#o%' %%!ome#$ion

(s"# *#in% n* %%!ome#$ion)5 #e&e$$in%

%%!ome#$ion5 s"#9be* *#e# %%!ome#$ion n* "#ess

%%!ome#$ion6

• Non %%!ome#$ion me$'o* , +#ee3e *#in%5 osmo$ic

*#in% n* *#m *#in%5 **in% **i$i.es !i0e !eci$'in (in

*#ie* &'o!e mi!0)5 #emo.in% ce#$in com"onen$ !i0e +$

(!o& +$ *#ie* mi!0)5 n* ""!in% $'e#m! $#e$men$ $o

mo#"'os m$e#i!s


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INSTANT PROPERTIES

• :e$$bi!i$, Li2i* "ene$#$ion in$o "o#os %%!ome#$e

ss$em *e $o c"i!!# c$ion o# $'e bi!i$ o+

%%!ome#$e $o be "ene$#$e* b $'e !i2i*

• Sin0bi!i$, T'e sin0in% o+ %%!ome#$es be!o& $'e !i2i*

s#+ce6

• Dis"e#sibi!i$, T'e *is"e#sion o+ %%!ome#$es &i$' !i$$!e

s$i##in%

• So!bi!i$, *isso!.in% o+ so!b!e %%!ome#$es in $'e !i2i*


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:ETTA1ILIT;•


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SIN=A1ILIT;

• Secon* *isso!$ion s$e"6

• De"en* on "#$ic!e si3e n* *ensi$6

• I$ is no$ c#i$ic! i+ $'e &e$$in% $0es "!ce esi!6

• T'e bi!i$ o+ "#$ic!e $o sin0 2ic0! in$o $'e &$e#6• L#%e# n* Dense# "#$ic!e s!! sin0 +s$e# $'n +ine#

n* !i%'$e# ones6

• P#$ic!e &i$' !o$ o+ inc!*e* i# m be #e!$i.e! !#%e

in si3e b$ e7'ibi$ "oo# sin0bi!i$ becse o+ $'ei# !o&*ensi$


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DISPERSA1ILIT; AND

SOLU1ILIT;• Dis"e#sbi!i$ *esc#ibes $'e ese &i$' &'ic' $'e "o&*e#

m be *is$#ib$e* s sin%!e "#$ic!e o.e# $'e s#+ce

n* $'#o%'o$ $'e b!0 o+ $'e #econs$i$$in% &$e#6

• So!bi!i$ #e+e#s $o $'e #$e n* e7$en$ $o &'ic' $'e

com"onen$s o+ $'e "o&*e# "#$ic!es *isso!.e in $'e

&$e#6

• Dis"e#sbi!i$ is #e*ce* b c!m" +o#m$ion n* is

im"#o.e* &'en $'e sin0bi!i$ is 'i%'5 &'e#es so!bi!i$

*e"en*s min! on $'e c'emic! com"osi$ion o+ $'e"o&*e# n* i$s "'sic! s$$e6


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INSTANT PROPERT;

EVALUATION• A s$n*#* "#oce*#e $o mes#e $'e ins$n$ "#o"e#$ies

ms$ *e+ine $'e s"eci+ic so!.en$ $em"e#$#e5 $'e !i2i*

s#+ce #e5 mon$ o+ m$e#i! $o *isso!.e5 $'e me$'o*

o+ *e"osi$in% ce#$in mon$ o+ m$e#i! in$o $'e !i2i*

s#+ce5 nssis$e* o# "#e*e$e#mine* mi7in% s$e"s n*$imin% "#oce*#e6

• Mn ob4ec$i.e me$'o* $o *e$e#mine $'e ins$n$

"#o"e#$ies #e .i!b!e n* s$is+c$o# me$'o*s '.e

been *e.e!o"e* es"eci!! +o# $'e mos$ im"o#$n$ ins$n$"#o"e#$ies sc' s &e$$bi!i$ n* *is"e#sbi!i$6


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Mes#in% :e$$bi!i$

Pene$#$ion S"ee* Tes$

Mes#e* $'e $ime #e2i#e* n$i! $'e en$i#e be* sbme#%e*

An e++ec$i.e me$'o* $o *e$e#mine $'e o"$imm %%!ome#$e si3e

+o# &e$$in% i+ $'e#e #e *i++e#en$ si3e* +#c$ion o+ n e7"e#imen$!

b$c' o+ %%!ome#$es $o be e.!$e*


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Mes#in% :e$$bi!i$

Dnmic :e$$in% Tes$in%


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Mes#in% :e$$bi!i$

• T'e +o#ce mes#e* b $'e &ei%'in% ce!! is "#o"o#$ion!

$o $'e !i2i* $'e !i2i* .o!me bso#be* *e $o c"i!!#

"#ess#e n* i$s "!o$$e* %ins$ $ime6

• T'e "ene$#$ion be'.io# o+ $'e %%!ome#$es cn be

com"!e$e! *esc#ibe* b $'e +o#ce9$ime "!o$ n$i! !! $'e

$''e m$e#i! in $'e ce!! is &e$$e*


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Mes#in% Dis"e#sibi!i$

• Sm"!e "o&*e# is *is"e#se* consis$ o+

*is"e#sin% m$e#i! n* #esi*! m$e#i!

• Dis"e#sin% m$e#i! consis$ o+ so!b!e n*

ss"en*e* m$e#i!

• Resi*! m$e#i! consis$ o+ non &e$$e*

m$e#i! n* *e"osi$e* o# +!o$in% m$e#i!

$ $'e s#+ce


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D > Dis"e#sbi!i$ .!e

?* > mss concen$#$ion o+ $'e *is"e#se* "#o"o#$ion

?# > mss concen$#$ion o+ $'e #esi*! m$e#i!?* n* ?# is mes#e* %#.ime$#ic!!


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• A #"i* "'o$ome$#ic me$'o*• In $'is me$'o*5 $'e sm"!e is *is"e#se* n* *i.i*e* in$o

*is"e#se* n* #esi*! "o#$ion $'$ #e $'en'omo%eni3e* n* +i!!e* in$o co##es"on*in% +nne!

se"#$e!6 Ec' "o#$ion is in $#n "m"e* con$inos!

$'#o%' c.e$$e $o mes#e $'e !i%'$ $#nsmission .!e

T* is $'e $#nsmission .!e +o# $'e *is"e#se* "o#$ionT# is $#nsmission .!e +o# $'e #esi*! "o#$ion


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ID< STANDARD METHOD

• I$ is s"ci+ic!! *esi%ne* $o *e$e#mine $'e *is"e#sibi!$ o+

ins$n$ *#ie* mi!0 n* is !so #"i* #o$ine me$'o* $o

*e$e#mine &e$$bi!i$ (&e$$in% $ime)6

• A ce#$in mon$ o+ *#ie* mi!0 "o&*e# (@ % +o# ins$n$

*#ie* s0im mi!0 n* BC % +o# ins$n$ *#ie* &'o!e mi!0)5

'e!* in %!ss $be &i$' %!ss "!$e on $'e $o" o+

be0e#5 is sc$$e#e* on $'e &$e# s#+ce b &i$'*#&in%

$'e %!ss "!$e n*e#ne$' $'e %!ss $bin%6 T'e &$e# in

$'e be0e# &ei%' bo$ @ % n* i$s $em" is *4s$e* $o#on* @ o?6 A+$e# *e+ine* "#oce*#e +o# s$i##in%5

sm"!iin% n* so!i* con$en$ mes#in%5 $'e *is"e#sebi!i$

D is c!c!$e* s


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?s is $'e $o$! so!i* con$en$ o+ $'e !i2i* in F (m/m)

: is $'e &$e# con$en$ o+ $'e "#e $#e$e* $es$ sm"!e in F

(m/m)


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ID< STANDARD METHOD

•


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AGGLOMERATION

• Mec'nisms o+ P#$ic!e 1on*in%

- So!i* 1#i*%es

- Immobi!e o# +#ee! mo.b!e !i2i* b#i*%es6

- A$$#c$ion +o#ces be$&een so!i* "#$ic!es

-


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ME?HANISM O< PARTI?LE

1ONDING• M be *e.e!o"e* b *i++sion o+ mo!ec!es +#om one

"#$ic!e $o no$'e# $'#o%' "#$i! me!$in% $ "oin$s o+

con$c$ &'e#e 'i%' "#ess#e *e.e!o" es"eci!! $

e!e.$e* $em"e#$#e6

• ?n !so be bi!$ " b c'emic! #ec$ion5 c#s$!!i3$ion

o+ *isso!.e* sbs$nces5 '#*enin% o+ bin*e#s n*

so!i*i+ic$ion o+ me!$e* com"onen$s6

• T'e +o#ce *e"en* on $'e *ime$e# o+ $'e con$c$ #e

n* $'e s$#en%$' o+ $'e b#i*%e m$e#i!6


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1ONDING• #ises ei$'e# +#om $'e s#+ce $ension o+ $'e !i2i*/i#

ss$em (s in $'e cse o+ !i2i* *#o"!e$) o# +#om

c"i!!# "#ess#e6

• T'e immobi!e +i!m o+ 'i%'! .iscos bon*in% me*i cn

+o#m e7ce"$ion!! s$#on% bon*s5 $'e s$#en%$' o+ &'ic'

cn e7cee* $'$ "#o*ce* b mobi!e !i2i* !e#s6

• A$$#c$ion +o#ces be$&een so!i* "#$ic!es is *e $o Vn

*e# :!s n* e!ec$#os$$ic +o#ces ("#$ic!e

com"osi$ion)6


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1ONDING•


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1ONDING


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T%s In*i.i*

• 1$ Resme $en$n% Pe#bes#n 0#n5

me$o*e n% bis *i%n0n *n '!9'!

n% mes$i *i"e#'$i0n n$0 "#o*0

"n%n n% !ebi' bi0 0!i$sn


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AGGLOMERATION

• A%%!ome#$ion Me$'o*s

- Tmb!in% o+ "o&*e# (Re&e$$in%

%%!ome#$ion)

- P#ess#e %%!ome#$ion

- S"eci+ic A%%!ome#$ion me$'o*s

• S$#i%'$9$'#o%' %%!ome#$ion

• S"#91e* D#e# %%!ome#$ion• A$omi3e# &'ee!

•


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TUM1LING O< PO:DER

(RE:ETTING AGGLOMERATION)

• T'e o.e#!! %#o&$' "#ocess is com"!e7 n* in.o!.es bo$'

*isin$e%#$ion o+ &e0e# bon*s n* #e9%%!ome#$ion b

b#sion $#ns+e# n* co!escence o+ !#%e# ni$s6

• T'e mos$ im"o#$n$ n* e++ec$i.e se"#$ion +o#ce

con$e#c$in% $'e bon*in% mec'nism is $'e &ei%'$ o+ $'eso!i* "#$ic!e6

•


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TUM1LING O< PO:DER

(RE:ETTING AGGLOMERATION

• Nee* **i$ion o+ bin*e#s6

• T"e o+ $mb!e/%#o&$' %%!ome#$ion , inc!ine* *isc5

#o$$in% *#m5 n 0in* o+ "o&*e# mi7e# n* +!i*i3e*

be*s6

•

sc#eenin%5 *4s$men$ o+ "#o*c$ c'#c$e#is$ic b

c#s'in%5 #esc#eenin%5 con*i$ionin% n* #eci#c!$ion o+

n*e#si3e m$e#i!

TUM1LING O< PO:DER


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TUM1LING O< PO:DER

(RE:ETTING AGGLOMERATION)


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TUM1LING O< PO:DER

(RE:ETTING AGGLOMERATION

• A%%!ome#$ion is ini$i$e* b #e&e$$in% $'e "o&*e# &i$'

!i2i* bin*e# (e7m"!e, &$e#) $'$ m be $omi3e* "#e

!i2i*s o# so!$ions5 s$em o# combin$ion o+ bo$'6

•


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PRESSURE AGGLOMERATION

• P#ess#e +o#ces c$ on con+ine* mss o+ "#$ic!$e

so!i* &'ic' is $'en s'"e* n* *ensi+ie*6

• P#ess#e %%!ome#$ion is c##ie* o$ in $&o s$%es,

- A +o#ce #e##n%emen$ o+ "#$ic!es *e $o ""!ie* "#ess#e6

- A s$ee" "#ess#e #ise *#in% &'ic' b#i$$!e "#$ic!es b#e0 n*

m!!eb!e "#$ic!e *e+o#m "!s$ic!!6

• T&o !imi$in% +c$o#s $'$ m !imi$s $'e s"ee* o+

com"c$ion n* $'e c"ci$ o+ $'e e2i"men$ $'$ cn

cse c#c0in% n* &e0enin% o+ %%!ome#$e* "#o*c$)6 - ?om"#esse* i# in $'e "o#es

- E!s$ic s"#in%bc0


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• T'ese $&o +c$o#s cn be #e*ce* i+ $'e m7imm "#ess#e

is min$ine* +o# some $ime (*&e!! $ime) "#io# $o #e!ese6

• P#ess#e %%!ome#$ion cn be "e#+o#me* em"!oin% !o&5

me*im o# 'i%' "#ess#e mo*e6

• T'e #es!$ *i++e#en$i$in% in $'e "o#osi$i6

• Lo& n* me*im "#ess#e %%!ome#$ion is c'ie.e* in

e7$#*e#s5 inc!*in% $'e sc#een e7$#*e#5 $'e sc#e& e7$#*e#

n* $'e in$e#mes'in% %e#s e7$#*e#6

• Hi%' "#ess#e %%!ome#$ion is "e#+o#me* in "#ocess sc's $'e "nc' n* *ie "#ess5 $'e com"c$in% #o!!e# "#ess n*

$'e b#i2e$$in% #o!!e# "#ess


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STRAIGHT9THROUGH

AGGLOMERATION

• S"#91e* D#e# A%%!ome#$ion

• A$omi3e# &'ee!

•


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STRAIGHT9THROUGH

AGGLOMERATION

• Li2i* concen$#$e is se*6

• :'en "o&*e# #e "#o*ce* b s"# *#in%5 $'e

%%!ome#$ion "#ocess cn be ccom"!is'e* in +!i*i3e*

be* connec$e* *i#ec$! $o $'e s"# *#e#5 &'e#e $'e

o"e#$in% con*i$ion cn be con$#o!!e* so $'$ $'e "#$i!!*#ie* "#$ic!es +o#me* in $'e ""e# "#$ o+ $'e *#e# #e s$i!!

s$ic06

• Some$imes5 s$em o# $omi3e* &$e# cn be in4ec$e* in$o

$'e +!i*i3e* be* $o ssis$ in $'e %%!ome#$ion "#ocess6

•


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STRAIGHT9THROUGH

AGGLOMERATION

• A""!ie* in co++ee5 bb +oo*s5 s0im n* &'o!e mi!05 non9

c0in% &'e5 mi!0 #e"!ce# n* ice c#em mi76

• In ins$n$ &'o!e mi!0 "#o*c$ion5 $'e s$#i%'$9$'#o%'

"#ocess is +o!!o&e* b !eci$'in **i$ion5 im"#o.in%

&e$$bi!i$ n* *is"e#sibi!i$6


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1INDERS• 1in*e#s #e *'esi.e $'$ "#o.i*e $'e co'esi.eness essen$i! +o#

$'e bon*in% o+ so!i* "#$ic!es6

• T'e bin*e# m be *isso!.e* in $'e %#n!$in% so!.en$5 &'ic' is

$'en **e* $o $'e "o&*e#5 o# mi7e* *# &i$' $'e "o&*e# n* $'e

%#n!$in% so!.en$ (%ene#!! &$e#)6

• Se!ec$ion o+ $'e 2n$i$ o+ bin*e# #e2i#e* in "#$ic!# ss$emcn be s$*ie* in o"$imi3$ion s$*ies5 sin% "#me$e#s sc' s

%#n!e +#ibi!i$5 '#*ness o# *isin$e%#$ion $ime6

• 1in*e#s *i++e# in $'ei# bon*in% e++icienc

•


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1INDERS


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SELE?TION ?RITERIA

•


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A%%!ome#$e* Po&*e# P#o"e#$ies

• T'e "#"ose o+ %%!ome#$ion, %#n!#5 +#ee +!o&in%

c'#c$e#is$ic o# *s$9+#ee +e$#es cn be *one !mos$

!! me$'o* o+ %%!ome#$ion6

• S"'e#ic! "#o*c$s #e *esi#b!e (*i++ic!$ ob$ine* b

'i%' "#ess#e %%!ome#$ion)6


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A!$e#n$i.e Me$'o*

• A%%!ome#$ion "#ocess cn be c##ie* o$ in b$c' o#

con$inos6

• 1$c' mo*es #e %ene#!! !o& in c"ci$5 b$ #e

c'#c$e#i3e* b be$$e# con$#o! $'n $'$ e7e#cise* in

con$inos "#ocess6

• Mos$ !#%e .o!me ""!ic$ions o"e#$e in con$inos

+o#m5 b$ m be ccom"nie* b si%ni+icn$ .#i$ion in

2!i$

• In %#o&$' %%!ome#$ion5 ncon$#o!!e* bi!*" ms$ be#emo.e*5 &'e#es in "#ess#e %%!ome#$ion5 &o#n

"#$s ms$ be #e"!ce*


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A!$e#n$i.e Me$'o*

• Mos$ o+ $'e %#o&$' me$'o*s #e &e$ "#ocess sin%

bin*in% !i2i*s +o# +o#min% %%!ome#$es

• Hi%' "#ess#e me$'o* o"e#$e* s *# "#ocess6

• ?os$5 .i!bi!i$ e$c6


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DESIGN ASPE?T O


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DESIGN ASPE?T O<

AGGLOMERATION PRO?ESS

DESIGN ASPE?T O


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DESIGN ASPE?T O<


DESIGN ASPE?T O


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DESIGN ASPE?T O<


DESIGN ASPE?T O


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DESIGN ASPE?T O<


DESIGN ASPE?T O


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DESIGN ASPE?T O<



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AGGLOMERATING S=IM MIL= PO:DER


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