PERALATAN INDUSTRI

Dr. Ir. MEIKA SYAHBANA RUSLI, MSc

DEPARTEMEN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIANINSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

MATA KULIAH

INDEX

MIXING

SIZE REDUCTION

SEPARATION

DRYING

HEAT EXCHANGER

SIZE REDUCTION

Pengelompokan Pengecilan Ukuran Menurut Mc. Cabe. et al, (1985):

A. Chrusser (coarse and fine)1. Jaw crushers2. Gyratory crushers3. Crushing rolls

B. Grinders (intermediate and fine)1. Hammer mills; impactors2. Rolling-compression mills

a. Bowl millsb. Roller mills

3. Attrition mills4. Tumbling mills

a. Rod millsb. Ball mills; pebble millsc. tube mills; compartement mills

C. Ultrafine grinders1. Hammer mills with internal classification2. Fluid-energy mills3. Agitated mills

D. Cutting machines1. knife cutters;dicers; slitters

Bahan-bahan agroindustri yang telah diolah pada beberapa tipe mesin pengecil ukuran

(a). Crusher rolls : Barley malt Coffee Flour

Bone Corn Mustard seeds

Beet pulp Corn cobs Pepper

Casein Corn meal Soy beans

Cereals Cotton seed Spices

Cheese Dried biscuits Starch

Cocoa cakes Dried apple pulp

Coconut shells Feedstuff

(b). Roller mills : Cocoa Soybean cake

(c). Hammer mills

Barley Ginger Sugar

Cinamon Gum acacia Corn meal

Cocoa cake Laktose Soya flours

Cocoa-sugar mix Potato flour Coconut shells

(d). Disk attrition mills

Apples Cereal Soybean

Egg shells Fish meal Cotton seed

Cloves Gum arabic Potatoes

Coconut shells Cocoa Corn

Copra Pepper Rubber

(e). Fluid jet mills Vanilla beans Cocoa Sugar Yeast

Kisaran operasi peralatan pengecilan ukuran

Peralatan Ukuran umpan (mm)

Ukuran produk (mm)

Rasio pengecilan

Kapasitas (ton/jam)

Konsumsi daya (kw)

Gyratory crushers

200-2000 25-250 8 100-500 100-700

Jaw crushers

100-1000 25-100 8 10-1000 5-200

Cone crushers

50-300 5-50 8 10-1000 20-250

Impact breakers

50-300 1-10 40 10-1000 100-2000

Rod mills 5-20 0.5-2 10 20-500 100-4000

Ball mills 1-10 0.01-0.1 100 10-300 50-5000

Hammer mills

5-30 0.01-0.1 400 0.1-5 1-100

Jet mills 1-10 0.003-0.05

300 0.1-2 2-100

CRUSHERS

Jaw crushers

Jaw crushers…

1. Frame

Heavy-duty design Steel plate welded construction Welded by CO2 shield arc process Stress relieved after fabrication

2. Crushing Chamber Deep crushing chamber Sharp nip angle ensures high crushing

3. Swing Jaw & Main Bearing Housings Allows removal from frame as an integral sub assembly Permits onsite substitution of a changeover unit in the event of bearing damage Swing Jaw is a robust steel casting w

4. Flywheel Balances inertia Promotes smooth operation

5. Eccentric Shaft Forged from hardened and tempered chrome molybdenum steel Particularly large diameters to suit heavy -duty application

6. Bearings Fag or SKF heavy -duty selfaligning double row bearings on swing jaw and main frame Bath oil lubrication ensures positive lubrication Bearing life in excess of 8 years under typical quarry applications

7. Hydraulic Cylinder Allows easy adjustment of discharge setting by moving toggle block to the desired

setting 8. Shim

Allows easy adjustment of closed side setting 9. Toggle Block10. Tension Rod with Spring11. Toggle Seat

Allows smooth toggle plate stroke 12. Toggle Plates

Designed to shear protecting crusher components if noncrushable object is introduced to crusher (i.e. Steel)

13. Check Plates Manganese steel castings allow easy replacement 14. Jaw Plates High manganese steel castings can be reversed allowing extended life Wedge \ lug system allows easy replacement

APPLICATIONS

PRIMARY CRUSHING:

• Mining • Aggregate • Demolition • Industrial • Construction • Environmental

ADVANTAGES:

• Heavy Duty Design • Long Life • Cost Effective • Standard Replacement Parts • High Productivity

Jaw crushers…

CHETAK JAW Crushers are designed for primary crushing of even hardest rock. Constructed with heavy ribbed M.S. plates, with strong and thick welding joints. Accurately machined & aligned, string bearing housings , very thick, hard and tough adjustable toggle plate, Heat treated, hardened alloy steel main shaft, proper lubrication system, high manganese steel jaw plates, hard facced side plates, impart a long life to the machine. Spring loaded safety tiebar protects Jaw stock against overloading.

Jaw crushers using the compression method are suitable for reducing extremely hard and abrasive rock. As a mechanical reduction method, compression should be called for in these circumstances:

• If the material is hard and tough • If the material is abrasive • If the material is not sticky • When the material will break cubically

Jaw crushers…

Jaw crushers….

ModelSize of Crusher

Max. Feed

H.P. RPMInches m.m.

JP - 0804 8" X 4" 200 X 100 3" 5 280

JP - 1006 10" X 6 " 250 X 150 5" 10 280

JP - 1207 12" X 7" 300 X 175 6" 15 325

JP - 1609 16" X 9" 400 X 225 8" 25 325

JP - 2010 20" X 10" 500 X 250 9" 30 325

JP - 3009 30" X 09" 750 X 225 8" 30 325

JP - 3015 30" X 15" 750 X 375 14" 40 325

JP - 3608 36" X 08" 900 X 200 7" 45 300

JP - 3620 36" X 20" 900 X 500 16" 60 300

JP - 3624 36" X 24" 900 X 600 21" 75 300

CRUSHERS…

Rock box technology bottom shell Flat top shell wearing plates Split ring contact oil seal Large main shaft diameters Fuller-Traylor bar type spider Counterbalancing to reduce out-of-

balance forces

Gyratory crushers

The Fuller-Traylor gyratory crusher is the workhorse of the crushing world and each gyratory crusher is custom designed to suit specific application requirements. The Fuller-Traylor primary gyratory crushers feature throughputs to 12,000 TPH with installed powers to 1,200 HP. Some of the advantages of the Fuller-Traylor primary gyratory crusher include the following:

ThyssenKrupp Robins manufactures a line of heavy duty Primary Gyratory Crushers for Stationary, Semi-Mobile, and Mobile crushing operations. With specialized crushing chamber designs that provide a "pre-crush" feature for large size feed, and capacities that start at 500 STPH, these heavy duty Gyratory crushers provide a reliable solution to your crushing requirements. 

Gyratory crushers…

CRUSHERS…

Crushing roll

Ideal for reducing hard materials, the Rockmaster Single Roll Crusher is of extremely heavy-duty construction. Its rugged design allows continuous service even in the most severe crushing application. Believedto be one of the world's strongest duty single roll crushers, the Rockmaster traditionally provides years of service with minimum maintenance. The Rockmaster Crusher is the ultimate refinement of strength anddesign, an outgrowth of the original single roll crusher designed and first manufactured in 1894 by McLanahan.

ROCKMASTER

Crushing roll…

ApplicationsPrimary reduction of very hard rock, ore, mine refuse, and R.O.M. coal with refuse. Ideal for slabby feeds and wet sticky material.Capacities shown in Tons per Hour

Crushing roll

Double Roll Crusher

ThyssenKrupp roll crushers are eminently suited for crushing bulk materials. A reduction ratio of up to 6:1 can be achieved, depending on the crushing behavior of the material. Lumps with an edge length of 3 feet are crushed without difficulty.

GRINDERS

Hammer mills

Digunakan untuk pembuatan tepung, makanan ternak, penggiling minyak, tanaman obat - obatan untuk penggilingan produk kering yang rapuh dan semi rapuh, seperti gelatin, sekam/dedak, gelas kering, macaroni dan sebagainya.

Hammer mills…..

Hammer mills….

PRINSIP OPERASI:

Secara umum umpan mengalir menuju unit penggilingan. Produk dipukul-pukul dengan menggunakan martil khusus yang bergabung dengan beater rotor dimana akan memperkecil ukuran partikel sampai dengan ukuran yang diinginkan. Ukurannya bisa mencapai 0.8 mm sampai 20 mm.

KEISTIMEWAAN:

- Terbuat dari baja.- Kapasitasnya besar.- Mudah dan cepat dalam pemasangan saringan dan martil.- Penyerap dari karet dapat mengurangi vibrasi sampai minimum- Magnet dapat dipindahkan ke feed hopper.

Hammer mills

TIPE DIMENSI cm KAPASITAST/H

KEKUA TAN.KW

A B C D E F G

TÇD 1 57 42 91 135 76 15/28 22/35 2 22

TÇD 2 80 54 115 175 100 18/38 30/57 5 55

TÇD 3 80 72 115 206 706 18/58 50/60 10 75

TÇD 4 80 81 134 220 120 18/68 60/70 15 110

TIPE DIMENSI cm KAPASITAS

KEKUATANKW.

A B C D EÆ FÆ G

TÇD 5 205 136 156 84 30/40 40/60 19 10 90-100

TÇD 6 220 136 156 84 30/50 50/60 19 15 100-132

TÇD 7 235 163 156 84 30/60 60/60 19 20 110-1600

SPECIFICATIONS - SCHUTTE HOGERIZER Model FG-Z

Upper Unit: •Schutte Series HZF Wood Waste Grinder with Coarse Grate.

•Horsepower: 75-200 at 3600 RPM Lower Unit: •Schutte Series 13 Wood Waste Grinder with Fine Screen.

•Horsepower: 150-300 at 3600 RPM

GRINDERS…..

Bowl millsINTRODUCTION TO BOWL MILLS

Coal is the one of the most dominating energy source because of its cost, availability and transportability. Pulverized form of coal has made modern steam generating units highly thermal efficient, reliable, safe and able to efficiently use of low-grade coals. It provides coal-air fuel control, flame stability, effective utilization of carbon and thus reduction in cost and flexibility of operation. The efficiency of combustion depends upon efficiency of pulverizing. 

The machine used for particle size reduction is called pulverizes or mill. In 1919 at combustion Engineering U.S.A., Raymond Mill was developed. The early mills were built with maximum capacity of 6 tons per hour. By 1930 the maximum capability of this mill design had been increased to 15 and then to 25 tons per hour.

Grinding mills use one , two or all three of the basic principles of particle size reduction namely impact, attrition and crushing. With respect to speed these machines may be classified as low speed, medium speed and high speed. The characteristics of commonly used pulverizes are shown in the table below

Speed Low10 to 20 RPM

Medium40 to 70 RPM

High900 TO 1000 RPM

Type Ball Tube Mill Ring Roll MillBall and Race MillBowl Mill

Impact or Hammer Mill

PredominantPrinciple

Attrition Crushing Impact

Bow mills…

Raymond Bowl Mill Coal Pulverizers, nominally rated at a base capacity of 20,000#/hr. on 55 grindability coal pulverized to 70% minus 200 mesh, (capable of grinding down to 90% minus 200 mesh at a lower rating). Mill and exhauster fans are direct driven by 200HP Elliott induction motors, 3/60/2300V., 1800RPM. Mills are equipped with feeder assemblies with motor drives, fan inlet pipes, dampers and regulators. In stock at additional cost are new spare parts inventory of liners, rings and rolls, etc.

Bow mills…

GRINDERS….

Attrition mills

Attrition Mills48 and 60The most vital component in processing cellulose, this mill produces the most consistent low-density product while using the largest feedstock and a minimum amount of horsepower. These mills continually outperform the competition in output consistency, plate life, and fiber length.

Attrition mills…

  RRS-48 RRS-60

Overall Length (in) 100 100

Width (in) 64 76

Height (in) 62 3/4 75

Rotor Diameter (in) 48 60

Max Input HP 250 400

Nominal HP 200 250

Design Capacity (#/hr) 11,500 17,500

Air Throughput Req. (CFM) 6,500 9,000

Specifications:

Attrition Mill

INTRODUCTIONThe Centrifugal Impact Mill gives controlled particle sizes down to -200 mesh and is used primarily for friable materials. Available in #304 stainless steel, sanitary, abrasive resistant and standard carbon steel design.

• Designed to process both friable and non-friable Material.

• Rotating single or double disc powered runner mill for precise fine grinding applications.

• Shaft mounted grinding plates: adjustable constant spring-pressure assures product uniformity, marrow spectrum particle size to 200 mesh.

• Typical applications: wood flour, chemicals, plastics, feather curling, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, powder metals, de-germinating, corn grinding.

Pin Mill

Pin Mill

INTRODUCTIONShown here (right) is the Munson CIM-18-SS. The Centrifugal Impact Mill gives controlled particle sizes down to -200 mesh and is used primarily for friable materials. Available in #304 stainless steel, sanitary, abrasive resistant and standard carbon steel design.

Disc Attrition Mills are also available for fine grinding applications of more fiberous materials down to -100 mesh in size.

• Rotating impactor pin/disc assembly for fine and ultra fine particle reduction, declumping applications @ slower speeds.

• Design efficiency produces high throughput rates per horsepower requirements.

• Available in 15-100 horsepower drives via multiple V-belt and shave arrangement, direct drive, C-Faced motors.

• Typical applications: chemicals, foods, resins, powdered metals, spices, sugars and grains, clays,

GRINDERS….

Ball mills

Ball mills are used primary for single stage fine grinding, regrinding, and as the second stage in two stage grinding circuits.

Metso overflow ball mill sizes range from 5 ft. x 8 ft. with 75 HP to 26 ft. x 41 ft. with 20,000 HP.  Normal feed size to a Metso Minerals ball mill is 80% passing 1/4" (6mm or finer) for hard ores and 80% passing 1" (25mm or finer) for soft ores.  Product size is typically 35 mesh or finer.  Application A ball mill grinds ores and other materials to a typical product size of 35 mesh or finer.

GRINDERS….

Conical ball mills

Metso Minerals conical ball mills are most efficient when the maximum feed size is less than 2" and iron contamination is not a factor.     These mills are sized from 2HP to

450HP for wet grinding and from 2HP to 500HP for dry grinding.  Particles of different sizes and densities, when revolved in a cone will classify themselves with the largest pieces at the point of the greatest diameter.   The shape of the conical ball mill provides a classifying action within the mill resulting in increased efficiency and lower power consumption

ULTRAFINE GRINDERS

SPECIFICATIONS - SCHUTTE HOGERIZER Model FG (Fine Grind)

Upper Unit: •Schutte Series 13 Wood Waste Grinder with Coarse Screen. •Horsepower: 50-200 at 3600 RPM

Lower Unit: •Schutte Series 13 Wood Waste Grinder with Fine Screen. •Horsepower: 150-300 at 3600 RPM

Aarkay’s Ultra fine grinding machine (UF)

CUTTING MACHINES

Rotary knife cutters

For Producing:- Rice, - Corn, - Peppers, - Soybeans,- Anchovies,

Spesifications:

- Eight rotating knives operate with two stationary knives. All knives are adjustable to accommodate a specific product. - ndustrial construction is provided for continuous operation. Machine's case is built with 1/2 inch plate steel. - Main bearings are 2 7/16". Type E double row roller. - Rotor shaft is also 2 7/26" and is built with cold rolled steel. - Width of cutter at point material enters is 24 inches. - Size of cutter's screen 24 7/8" by 35 1/2". With 2600 of screen surface. - Complete V-belt drive and motor base is provided as standard equipment.

-Peanut Hulls, - Ginseng Root, - Expelled Cotton Seed - Orange and Lemon Peels, and as a first break system in a Corn Milling Plant.

Rotary knife cutters….

Eight Rotating Knives Mounted On A Cylinder

CUTTING MACHINES…Dicers

Dicer (Urschel model GA) (GAmodel)

Sketsa proses pengirisan

Dicer (Urchel model CD-A) (CDA)

Applications

Versatile three-dimensional cutter capable of producing

uniform dices, straight french fry strips, and slices from a

variety of soft ripe fruits and brittle root vegetables including

peaches, pears, potatoes, lettuce, cucumbers, and carrots.

Features continuous operation for uninterrupted production

and simplified design for easy cleanup and maintenance.

Types of Cuts

Slices, strip cuts, or dices can be produced by using the

required cutting spindles and adjusting the slice thickness:

Dicers …

Slice thickness •1/8 to 3/4" (3.2 to 19 mm)

Crosscut Knife Cuts •9/32" (7.1 mm) •3/8" (9.5 mm) •7/16" (11 mm) •1/2" (13 mm) •5/8" (16 mm) •3/4" (19 mm) •7/8" (22 mm)

Circular Knife Cuts •3/32" (2.4 mm) •1/8" (3.2 mm) •3/16" (4.8 mm) •1/4" (6.4 mm) •5/16" (7.9 mm) •3/8" (9.5 mm) •7/16" (11 mm) •1/2" (13 mm) •9/16" (14 mm) •.600" (15 mm) •5/8" (16 mm) •3/4" (19 mm) •7/8" (22 mm) •1" (25 mm) •1-1/2" (38 mm) •2" (51 mm) •3" (76 mm)

Dicers…

RESULTDicers…

ModelFeed

OpeningTypical

Horsepower

Mill Speed (Maximum Rotor

RPM)

B-8 8" 71/2 - 25 4,000

B-12 12" 20 - 50 3,500

B-16 16" 25 - 60 3,500

B-20 20" 30 -75 3,500

B-25 25" 30 - 100 3,200

Dicers…

Cutter (Urschel Model 30) (model30)

Slicer (Urschel Model OC)

Slicer (Urschel Model CC)

Sketsa proses pengirisan

CUTTING MACHINES…Rotary cutters

TERIMA KASIH