people saving people national center for statistics & analysis reporting thresholds source: sds...
TRANSCRIPT
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 1
A Comparative Analysis of A Comparative Analysis of Reporting Thresholds Using the Reporting Thresholds Using the
NHTSA State Data SystemNHTSA State Data System
Gary RinehartGary RinehartALCOSYS, Inc.ALCOSYS, Inc.
Crystal Gateway 3, Ste 910Crystal Gateway 3, Ste 910
1215 Jefferson Davis HWY1215 Jefferson Davis HWY
Arlington, VA 22202-4342Arlington, VA 22202-4342
703-883-1883703-883-1883
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 2
OutlineOutline
The NHTSA State Data System (SDS)The NHTSA State Data System (SDS) Crash DefinitionsCrash Definitions Purpose of StudyPurpose of Study Severity of SDS CrashesSeverity of SDS Crashes Description of Towaway Indicator VariablesDescription of Towaway Indicator Variables Crash Severity Analysis Using Towaway IndicatorsCrash Severity Analysis Using Towaway Indicators Detailed Property Damage Only Crash Analysis Detailed Property Damage Only Crash Analysis
Using Selected VariablesUsing Selected Variables SummarySummary
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 3
SDSSDS
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 4
NHTSA State Data SystemNHTSA State Data System
A collection of crash data received directly from the A collection of crash data received directly from the seventeen states participating in the program. NHTSA seventeen states participating in the program. NHTSA adheres to strict confidentiality agreements with the adheres to strict confidentiality agreements with the participating states. participating states.
The data consists of all state-reported crashes. The The data consists of all state-reported crashes. The census data are received annually.census data are received annually.
Each state uses a unique data structure. The data are Each state uses a unique data structure. The data are converted into a standard SAS format at the National converted into a standard SAS format at the National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA), and used for Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA), and used for research purposes.research purposes.
NCSA plans to expand the program. The goal is to NCSA plans to expand the program. The goal is to ultimately have all 50 states participate.ultimately have all 50 states participate.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 5
State Data SystemState Data System
CaliforniaCalifornia FloridaFlorida GeorgiaGeorgia IllinoisIllinois IndianaIndiana KansasKansas MarylandMaryland MichiganMichigan MissouriMissouri
New MexicoNew Mexico North CarolinaNorth Carolina OhioOhio PennsylvaniaPennsylvania TexasTexas UtahUtah VirginiaVirginia WashingtonWashington
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 6
DefinitionsDefinitions
Fatal Crash – A crash in which at least one fatality Fatal Crash – A crash in which at least one fatality occurs.occurs.
Injury Crash – A crash in which at least one injury, Injury Crash – A crash in which at least one injury, but no fatalities, occurs.but no fatalities, occurs.
Property Damage Only (PDO) Crash – A crash Property Damage Only (PDO) Crash – A crash without fatalities or injuries.without fatalities or injuries.
PDO-Towaway – A PDO crash in which at least one PDO-Towaway – A PDO crash in which at least one vehicle was towed, generally indicative of a severe vehicle was towed, generally indicative of a severe PDO crash.PDO crash.
PDO – No Towaway – A PDO crash in which no PDO – No Towaway – A PDO crash in which no vehicles were towed.vehicles were towed.
Towaway Criterion – A reporting threshold where Towaway Criterion – A reporting threshold where only fatal, injury, and PDO-towaway crashes are only fatal, injury, and PDO-towaway crashes are reported.reported.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 7
Purpose of StudyPurpose of Study
Assuming that states adopt a towaway Assuming that states adopt a towaway criterion for reportable crashes, this study criterion for reportable crashes, this study attempts to answer the following questions:attempts to answer the following questions:
1.1. What proportion of crashes will be lost?What proportion of crashes will be lost?
A crash severity analysis was conducted A crash severity analysis was conducted using sixteen states and appropriate using sixteen states and appropriate towaway indicator variables.towaway indicator variables.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 8
Purpose of Study (cont.)Purpose of Study (cont.)
2.2. What changes in the basic composition of What changes in the basic composition of the crash data will occur?the crash data will occur?
Since fatal and injury crash data will Since fatal and injury crash data will not be affected by the towaway not be affected by the towaway criterion, the emphasis of the research criterion, the emphasis of the research was on the change in composition of was on the change in composition of PDO crashes.PDO crashes.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 9
Analysis VariablesAnalysis Variables
The following variables from six states were The following variables from six states were used in the analysis:used in the analysis:
Urban/Rural CrashUrban/Rural Crash Single/Multiple Vehicle Crash Single/Multiple Vehicle Crash First Harmful EventFirst Harmful Event Manner of Collision (Motor Vehicle in Manner of Collision (Motor Vehicle in
Transport Crashes)Transport Crashes) Vehicle TypeVehicle Type
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 10
Severity of SDS CrashesSeverity of SDS Crashes
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 11
Fatal CrashesFatal Crashes
State: Years of DataState: Years of Data Fatal Crashes Fatal Crashes (thousands)(thousands)
Percentage of Percentage of All Crashes All Crashes
in Statein State
California: 1990-1999California: 1990-1999 36.636.6 0.70.7
Florida: 1990-1999Florida: 1990-1999 24.924.9 1.11.1
Georgia: 1990-1998Georgia: 1990-1998 11.911.9 0.50.5
Illinois: 1990-1999Illinois: 1990-1999 12.512.5 0.30.3
Indiana: 1990-1999Indiana: 1990-1999 8.68.6 0.40.4
Kansas: 1990-1999Kansas: 1990-1999 4.04.0 0.60.6
Maryland: 1990-1999Maryland: 1990-1999 6.06.0 0.60.6
Michigan: 1990-1999Michigan: 1990-1999 12.812.8 0.30.3
Missouri: 1990-1999Missouri: 1990-1999 9.59.5 0.50.5
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 12
Fatal Crashes (cont.)Fatal Crashes (cont.)
State: Years of DataState: Years of Data Fatal Fatal Crashes Crashes
(thousands)(thousands)
Percentage of Percentage of All Crashes All Crashes
in Statein State
New Mexico: 1990-1999New Mexico: 1990-1999 4.04.0 0.80.8
N. Carolina: 1992-1999N. Carolina: 1992-1999 10.410.4 0.60.6
Ohio: 1990-1999Ohio: 1990-1999 13.113.1 0.30.3
Pennsylvania: 1990-1999Pennsylvania: 1990-1999 14.014.0 1.01.0
Texas: 1990-1999Texas: 1990-1999 29.029.0 0.80.8
Utah: 1990-1999Utah: 1990-1999 2.82.8 0.60.6
Virginia: 1990-1999Virginia: 1990-1999 8.38.3 0.60.6
Washington: 1990-1996Washington: 1990-1996 4.34.3 0.50.5
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 13
Injury CrashesInjury Crashes
State: Years of DataState: Years of Data Injury Crashes Injury Crashes (millions)(millions)
Percentage of Percentage of All Crashes All Crashes
in Statein State
California: 1990-1999California: 1990-1999 2.0 2.0 41.6 41.6
Florida: 1990-1999Florida: 1990-1999 1.4 1.4 62.2 62.2
Georgia: 1990-1998Georgia: 1990-1998 0.7 0.7 29.0 29.0
Illinois: 1990-1999Illinois: 1990-1999 0.9 0.9 23.2 23.2
Indiana: 1990-1999Indiana: 1990-1999 0.5 0.5 22.7 22.7
Kansas: 1990-1999Kansas: 1990-1999 0.2 0.2 28.6 28.6
Maryland: 1990-1999Maryland: 1990-1999 0.4 0.4 43.5 43.5
Michigan: 1990-1999Michigan: 1990-1999 0.9 0.9 23.5 23.5
Missouri: 1990-1999Missouri: 1990-1999 0.50.5 27.3 27.3
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 14
Injury Crashes (cont.)Injury Crashes (cont.)
State: Years of DataState: Years of Data Injury Injury Crashes Crashes (millions)(millions)
Percentage of Percentage of All Crashes All Crashes
in Statein State
New Mexico: 1990-1999New Mexico: 1990-1999 0.2 0.2 36.0 36.0
N. Carolina: 1992-1999N. Carolina: 1992-1999 0.7 0.7 40.0 40.0
Ohio: 1990-1999Ohio: 1990-1999 1.2 1.2 33.1 33.1
Pennsylvania: 1990-1999Pennsylvania: 1990-1999 0.9 0.9 63.6 63.6
Texas: 1990-1999Texas: 1990-1999 1.9 1.9 53.4 53.4
Utah: 1990-1999Utah: 1990-1999 0.2 0.2 35.5 35.5
Virginia: 1990-1999Virginia: 1990-1999 0.5 0.5 41.2 41.2
Washington: 1990-1996Washington: 1990-1996 0.4 0.4 40.9 40.9
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 15
PDO CrashesPDO Crashes
State: Years of DataState: Years of Data PDO Crashes PDO Crashes (millions)(millions)
Percentage of Percentage of All Crashes All Crashes
in Statein State
California: 1990-1999California: 1990-1999 2.8 2.8 57.6 57.6
Florida: 1990-1999Florida: 1990-1999 0.8 0.8 36.7 36.7
Georgia: 1990-1998Georgia: 1990-1998 1.7 1.7 70.5 70.5
Illinois: 1990-1999Illinois: 1990-1999 2.9 2.9 76.4 76.4
Indiana: 1990-1999Indiana: 1990-1999 1.8 1.8 76.9 76.9
Kansas: 1990-1999Kansas: 1990-1999 0.5 0.5 70.8 70.8
Maryland: 1990-1999Maryland: 1990-1999 0.50.5 55.9 55.9
Michigan: 1990-1999Michigan: 1990-1999 3.0 3.0 76.1 76.1
Missouri: 1990-1999Missouri: 1990-1999 1.3 1.3 72.2 72.2
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 16
PDO Crashes (cont.)PDO Crashes (cont.)
State: Years of DataState: Years of Data PDO PDO Crashes Crashes (millions)(millions)
Percentage of Percentage of All Crashes All Crashes
in Statein State
New Mexico: 1990-1999New Mexico: 1990-1999 0.3 0.3 63.2 63.2
N. Carolina: 1992-1999N. Carolina: 1992-1999 1.1 1.1 59.4 59.4
Ohio: 1990-1999Ohio: 1990-1999 2.5 2.5 66.5 66.5
Pennsylvania: 1990-1999Pennsylvania: 1990-1999 0.5 0.5 35.4 35.4
Texas: 1990-1999Texas: 1990-1999 1.6 1.6 45.8 45.8
Utah: 1990-1999Utah: 1990-1999 0.3 0.3 63.9 63.9
Virginia: 1990-1999Virginia: 1990-1999 0.8 0.8 58.2 58.2
Washington: 1990-1996Washington: 1990-1996 0.5 0.5 58.7 58.7
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 17
Variability in Crash Variability in Crash CompositionComposition
Type Of CrashType Of Crash Percentage RangePercentage Range
Fatal Crash Fatal Crash 0.3 – 1.10.3 – 1.1
Injury Crash Injury Crash 22.7 – 63.622.7 – 63.6
PDO CrashPDO Crash 35.4 – 76.9 35.4 – 76.9
The only state with a true towaway criterion, Pennsylvania has the highest percentage of injury crashes and the lowest percentage of PDO crashes.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 18
SDS Towing Indicator SDS Towing Indicator VariablesVariables
TowawayTowaway
Damage SeverityDamage Severity
Damage ScaleDamage Scale
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 19
TowawayTowaway
CaliforniaCalifornia GeorgiaGeorgia IllinoisIllinois IndianaIndiana
MissouriMissouri North CarolinaNorth Carolina OhioOhio PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 20
Towaway: Typical Towaway: Typical Variable ValuesVariable Values
Towed / Not DrivableTowed / Not Drivable Not Towed / DrivableNot Towed / Drivable Remained at Scene (optional)Remained at Scene (optional)
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 21
Damage SeverityDamage Severity
FloridaFlorida GeorgiaGeorgia KansasKansas
MarylandMaryland New MexicoNew Mexico WashingtonWashington
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 22
Damage Severity: Typical Damage Severity: Typical Variable ValuesVariable Values
Destroyed, Totaled (optional)Destroyed, Totaled (optional) Disabling Damage: Any damage to a motor vehicle Disabling Damage: Any damage to a motor vehicle
such that either it cannot be driven, or if driven, it such that either it cannot be driven, or if driven, it would be further damaged.would be further damaged.
Functional Damage: Any damage to a motor vehicle Functional Damage: Any damage to a motor vehicle that affects its operation or the functioning of its that affects its operation or the functioning of its parts, but is not disabling.parts, but is not disabling.
Other Vehicle Damage: Any damage to a motor Other Vehicle Damage: Any damage to a motor vehicle, which is neither disabling nor interferes vehicle, which is neither disabling nor interferes with the function of the vehicle (cosmetic).with the function of the vehicle (cosmetic).
No Damage.No Damage.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 23
Damage ScaleDamage Scale
MichiganMichigan TexasTexas Virginia (repair cost)Virginia (repair cost)
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 24
TAD Scale: Typical TAD Scale: Typical Variable ValuesVariable Values
1.1. Minor damage, less than element value 2.Minor damage, less than element value 2.2.2. Minor damage, limited to dents and gouges in Minor damage, limited to dents and gouges in
body sheet metal or trim.body sheet metal or trim.3.3. Moderate damage, less than element value 4.Moderate damage, less than element value 4.4.4. Moderate damage, considerable crumpling of Moderate damage, considerable crumpling of
body sheet metal, little or no distortion of basic body sheet metal, little or no distortion of basic structure or frame. (Towaway at this level and structure or frame. (Towaway at this level and above.)above.)
5.5. Severe damage, crumpled or torn sheet metal, Severe damage, crumpled or torn sheet metal, less than element value 6.less than element value 6.
6.6. Damage severe, not total. Sheet metal severely Damage severe, not total. Sheet metal severely distorted, crumpled or torn.distorted, crumpled or torn.
7.7. Vehicle totally damaged.Vehicle totally damaged.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 25
Example of TAD 1Example of TAD 1People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 25
Michigan Traffic Accident Report, 8/87
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 26
Example of TAD 4 Example of TAD 4 People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 26
Michigan Traffic Accident Report, 8/87
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 27
Example of TAD 7Example of TAD 7People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 27
Michigan Traffic Accident Report, 8/87
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 28
Towaway Indicator Towaway Indicator VariablesVariables
Using Towaway indicator variables, the Using Towaway indicator variables, the Property Damage Only crashes can be divided Property Damage Only crashes can be divided into three categories:into three categories:
TowawayTowaway No TowawayNo Towaway Towaway Status UnknownTowaway Status Unknown
A revised Crash distribution can then be A revised Crash distribution can then be determined.determined.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 29
Crash SeverityCrash Severity(sample size 30.3 million)(sample size 30.3 million)
Crash Crash SeveritySeverity
FrequencyFrequency PercentPercent Cumulative Cumulative PercentPercent
Fatal CrashFatal Crash 181,085181,085 0.600.60 0.600.60
Injury CrashInjury Crash 11,614,67611,614,676 38.3238.32 38.9238.92
PDO-PDO-TowawayTowaway
5,017,8825,017,882 16.5616.56 55.4755.47
PDO-No PDO-No TowawayTowaway
12,838,32212,838,322 42.3642.36 97.8397.83
PDO PDO (Towaway?)(Towaway?)
446,195446,195 1.471.47 99.3099.30
UnknownUnknown 211,727211,727 0.700.70 100.00100.00
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 30
Crashes LostCrashes Lost
Using a towaway criterion:Using a towaway criterion: Approximately 42% of all Approximately 42% of all
crashes would be lost.crashes would be lost. Approximately 70% of property Approximately 70% of property
damage only crashes would be damage only crashes would be lost.lost.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 31
Contribution by State Contribution by State (sample size 30.3 million)(sample size 30.3 million)
StateState YearsYears SizeSize %% StateState YearsYears SizeSize %%
CACA 90-9990-99 4,890,5214,890,521 16.116.1 MOMO 90-9990-99 1,813,0831,813,083 6.06.0
FLFL 90-9990-99 2,212,3992,212,399 7.37.3 NCNC 92-9992-99 1,797,8331,797,833 5.95.9
GAGA 9898 280,579280,579 0.90.9 NMNM 90-9990-99 485,746485,746 1.61.6
ILIL 96-9996-99 1,133,3621,133,362 3.73.7 OHOH 90-9990-99 3,759,1963,759,196 12.412.4
ININ 90-9990-99 2,296,8502,296,850 7.67.6 PAPA 90-9990-99 1,383,9631,383,963 4.64.6
KSKS 90-9990-99 693,722693,722 2.32.3 TXTX 90-9990-99 3,514,0623,514,062 11.611.6
MDMD 90-9990-99 965,479965,479 3.23.2 VAVA 98-9998-99 275,710275,710 0.90.9
MIMI 90-9990-99 3,898,8063,898,806 12.912.9 WAWA 90-9690-96 908,576908,576 3.03.0
Utah does not have a towaway indicator variable.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 32
Crash Severity by StateCrash Severity by State
Type Of CrashType Of Crash CACA FLFL GAGA ILIL ININ KSKS
Fatal Crash Fatal Crash 0.70.7 1.11.1 0.50.5 0.30.3 0.40.4 0.50.5
Injury Crash Injury Crash 41.641.6 62.262.2 28.928.9 22.222.2 22.722.7 27.727.7
PDO-Towaway PDO-Towaway 18.618.6 16.116.1 18.118.1 16.816.8 17.717.7 20.120.1
PDO-No TowawayPDO-No Towaway 39.139.1 19.519.5 52.252.2 60.060.0 58.758.7 49.449.4
PDO (Towaway?)PDO (Towaway?) 0.00.0 1.01.0 0.30.3 0.70.7 0.00.0 2.02.0
Unknown Unknown 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.50.5 0.30.3
TotalTotal 100.0100.0 100.0100.0 100.0100.0 100.0100.0 100.0100.0 100.0100.0
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 33
Crash Severity Crash Severity by State (cont.)by State (cont.)
Type Of CrashType Of Crash MDMD MIMI MOMO NCNC NMNM
Fatal Crash Fatal Crash 0.60.6 0.30.3 0.50.5 0.60.6 0.70.7
Injury Crash Injury Crash 43.543.5 22.622.6 27.327.3 39.939.9 35.235.2
PDO-TowawayPDO-Towaway 21.421.4 8.88.8 17.217.2 19.719.7 13.013.0
PDO-No TowawayPDO-No Towaway 28.428.4 63.963.9 52.552.5 37.037.0 49.949.9
PDO (Towaway?)PDO (Towaway?) 3.23.2 1.31.3 2.32.3 0.50.5 0.80.8
Unknown Unknown 2.82.8 3.13.1 0.30.3 2.42.4 0.40.4
TotalTotal 100.0100.0 100.0100.0 100.0100.0 100.0100.0 100.0100.0
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 34
Crash Severity Crash Severity by State (cont.)by State (cont.)
Type Of CrashType Of Crash OHOH PAPA TXTX VAVA WAWA
Fatal Crash Fatal Crash 0.30.3 1.01.0 0.80.8 0.60.6 0.50.5
Injury Crash Injury Crash 32.932.9 63.663.6 53.453.4 39.939.9 40.940.9
PDO-Towaway PDO-Towaway 19.419.4 34.934.9 7.77.7 19.419.4 16.716.7
PDO-No TowawayPDO-No Towaway 46.946.9 0.50.5 35.735.7 40.140.1 24.024.0
PDO (Towaway)PDO (Towaway) 0.40.4 0.00.0 2.42.4 0.00.0 18.018.0
Unknown Unknown 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.00.0
TotalTotal 100.0100.0 100.0100.0 100.0100.0 100.0100.0 100.0100.0
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 35
Towaway States?Towaway States?
PA: Data confirms that Pennsylvania does PA: Data confirms that Pennsylvania does use a towaway criterion; hence the high use a towaway criterion; hence the high percentage of injury crashes and the low percentage of injury crashes and the low percentage of PDO crashes.percentage of PDO crashes.
MD: Although Maryland has a towaway MD: Although Maryland has a towaway policy, Maryland data appears similar to policy, Maryland data appears similar to states without a towaway criterion. At least states without a towaway criterion. At least 28% of crashes do not meet towaway 28% of crashes do not meet towaway criterion.criterion.
FL: Crashes reported by Florida are at the FL: Crashes reported by Florida are at the officer’s discretion. Data suggests that officer’s discretion. Data suggests that Florida’s reporting criterion may Florida’s reporting criterion may approximate a towaway criterion.approximate a towaway criterion.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 36
Crashes Lost Using a Crashes Lost Using a Towaway CriterionTowaway Criterion
StatesStates Approximate Approximate Percentage LostPercentage Lost
IN, IL, MIIN, IL, MI 60%60%
GA, KS, MO, NM, OHGA, KS, MO, NM, OH 50%50%
CA, NC, TX, VA, WA*CA, NC, TX, VA, WA* 40%40%
*Assuming large percentage of unknowns for Washington are PDO-Not Towaway
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 37
Analysis of Property Analysis of Property Damage Only CrashesDamage Only Crashes
Methodology involves comparison Methodology involves comparison of three data sets:of three data sets:
PDO crashes from CA, FL, MO, NC, PDO crashes from CA, FL, MO, NC, and OHand OH
PDO-Towaway crashes from CA, PDO-Towaway crashes from CA, FL, MO, NC, and OHFL, MO, NC, and OH
PDO-Towaway crashes from PAPDO-Towaway crashes from PA
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 38
Variables UsedVariables Used
The composition of each data set was The composition of each data set was examined using the following examined using the following variables:variables:
Urban/Rural CrashUrban/Rural Crash Single/Multiple Vehicle CrashSingle/Multiple Vehicle Crash First Harmful EventFirst Harmful Event Manner of Collision (Motor Vehicle in Manner of Collision (Motor Vehicle in
Transport Crashes)Transport Crashes) Vehicle TypeVehicle Type
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 39
State Selection CriteriaState Selection Criteria
Presence of towaway indicator variables over an Presence of towaway indicator variables over an extended period:extended period:• CA, FL, MO, OH, PA = 1990-1999CA, FL, MO, OH, PA = 1990-1999• NC = 1992-1999NC = 1992-1999
Presence of Rural/Urban and/or Population Group Presence of Rural/Urban and/or Population Group variables.variables.
Presence of First Harmful Event and Manner of Presence of First Harmful Event and Manner of Collision variables with categories approximating Collision variables with categories approximating the Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria the Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria (MMUCC).(MMUCC).
Low percentage of unknowns for analysis Low percentage of unknowns for analysis variables.variables.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 40
Contribution by StateContribution by State(Sample Size 8.5 million)(Sample Size 8.5 million)
StateState FrequencyFrequency PercentPercent
CACA 2,818,3442,818,344 33.2733.27
FLFL 812,379812,379 9.599.59
MOMO 1,303,3911,303,391 15.3915.39
NCNC 1,028,2801,028,280 12.1412.14
OHOH 2,507,5642,507,564 29.6129.61
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 41
Crash TypeCrash Type
Crash TypeCrash Type CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH:NC, OH:
PDOPDO
CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH: PDO-NC, OH: PDO-
TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
PA: PDO-PA: PDO-TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
Multiple VehicleMultiple Vehicle 78.178.1 65.765.7 52.552.5
Single VehicleSingle Vehicle 21.921.9 34.334.3 47.547.5
PDO Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 8.5 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 2.7 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (PA) – Sample size 0.48 million.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 42
Population DensityPopulation Density
PopulationPopulation
DensityDensity
CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH: PDONC, OH: PDO
CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH: PDO-NC, OH: PDO-
TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
PA: PDO-PA: PDO-TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
UrbanUrban 70.070.0 64.264.2 59.659.6
RuralRural 30.030.0 35.735.7 40.340.3
UnknownUnknown 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.10.1
PDO Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 8.5 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 2.7 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (PA) – Sample size 0.48 million.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 43
Population DensityPopulation Density
PopulationPopulation
DensityDensity
Crash TypeCrash Type CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH:NC, OH:
PDOPDO
CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH: PDO-NC, OH: PDO-
TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
PA: PDO-PA: PDO-TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
UrbanUrban Multiple Multiple VehicleVehicle
60.760.7 49.249.2 38.238.2
UrbanUrban Single VehicleSingle Vehicle 9.39.3 15.015.0 21.521.5
RuralRural Multiple Multiple VehicleVehicle
17.417.4 16.416.4 14.314.3
RuralRural Single VehicleSingle Vehicle 12.512.5 19.319.3 26.026.0
PDO Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 8.5 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 2.7 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (PA) – Sample size 0.48 million.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 44
First Harmful EventFirst Harmful Event
First Harmful EventFirst Harmful Event CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH: PDONC, OH: PDO
CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH: PDO-NC, OH: PDO-
TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
PA: PDO-PA: PDO-TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
Motor Vehicle In Motor Vehicle In TransportTransport
66.4366.43 57.2957.29 51.2051.20
Fixed ObjectFixed Object 15.3115.31 27.5327.53 35.5135.51
AnimalAnimal 4.484.48 2.622.62 2.942.94
Parked Motor VehicleParked Motor Vehicle 9.309.30 5.675.67 3.913.91
PedalcyclistPedalcyclist 0.260.26 0.100.10 0.020.02
PedestrianPedestrian 0.100.10 0.020.02 0.000.00
PDO Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 8.5 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 2.7 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (PA) – Sample size 0.48 million.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 45
First Harmful Event (cont.)First Harmful Event (cont.)
First Harmful EventFirst Harmful Event CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH: PDONC, OH: PDO
CA, FL, MO, NC, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH: PDO-OH: PDO-
TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
PA: PDO-PA: PDO-TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
TrainTrain 0.040.04 0.070.07 0.060.06
Moving ObjectMoving Object 1.431.43 1.591.59 1.641.64
RolloverRollover 1.121.12 2.792.79 1.481.48
Other Other
Non-collisionNon-collision
1.031.03 1.741.74 3.243.24
UnknownUnknown 0.510.51 0.580.58 0.010.01
PDO Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 8.5 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 2.7 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (PA) – Sample size 0.48 million.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 46
Manner of CollisionManner of Collision(Motor Vehicle in Transport)(Motor Vehicle in Transport)
Collision TypeCollision Type CA, FL, CA, FL, MO, NC, MO, NC,
OH: PDOOH: PDO
CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH: PDO-NC, OH: PDO-
TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
PA: PDO-PA: PDO-TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
Angle / TurningAngle / Turning 35.235.2 45.145.1 52.352.3
Head OnHead On 3.23.2 5.25.2 6.06.0
Rear EndRear End 37.237.2 35.535.5 31.231.2
SideswipeSideswipe 17.817.8 11.411.4 9.59.5
Other / UnknownOther / Unknown 6.66.6 2.92.9 1.11.1
PDO Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 5.6 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 1.5 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (PA) – Sample size 0.25 million.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 47
PDO Vehicle Distribution:PDO Vehicle Distribution:CA, FL, MO, NC, OHCA, FL, MO, NC, OH
Vehicle TypeVehicle Type FrequencyFrequency PercentPercent
Passenger CarPassenger Car 10,807,72810,807,728 68.5468.54
Light TruckLight Truck 3,473,7073,473,707 22.0322.03
Large TruckLarge Truck 669,475669,475 4.254.25
MotorcycleMotorcycle 34,16834,168 0.220.22
BusBus 105,531105,531 0.670.67
OtherOther 678,993678,993 4.314.31
Sample size 15.8 million vehicles.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 48
PDO-Towaway Vehicle PDO-Towaway Vehicle Distribution: CA, FL, MO, NC, OHDistribution: CA, FL, MO, NC, OH
Vehicle TypeVehicle Type FrequencyFrequency PercentPercent
Passenger CarPassenger Car 3,370,3783,370,378 71.3471.34
Light TruckLight Truck 1,057,6551,057,655 22.3922.39
Large TruckLarge Truck 181,310181,310 3.843.84
MotorcycleMotorcycle 9,9179,917 0.210.21
BusBus 16,50416,504 0.350.35
OtherOther 88,85088,850 1.881.88
Sample size 4.7 million vehicles.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 49
PDO-Towaway Vehicle PDO-Towaway Vehicle Distribution: PADistribution: PA
Vehicle TypeVehicle Type FrequencyFrequency PercentPercent
Passenger CarPassenger Car 534,862534,862 69.8869.88
Light TruckLight Truck 190,708190,708 24.9224.92
Large TruckLarge Truck 30,80030,800 4.024.02
MotorcycleMotorcycle 1,2871,287 0.170.17
BusBus 2,8032,803 0.370.37
OtherOther 4,9404,940 0.650.65
Sample size 0.77 million vehicles.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 50
Vehicle Type ComparisonVehicle Type Comparison
Vehicle TypeVehicle Type CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH: NC, OH:
PDOPDO
CA, FL, MO, CA, FL, MO, NC, OH: PDO-NC, OH: PDO-
TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
PA: PDO-PA: PDO-TOWAWAYTOWAWAY
Passenger CarPassenger Car 68.5468.54 71.3471.34 69.8869.88
Light TruckLight Truck 22.0322.03 22.3922.39 24.9224.92
Large TruckLarge Truck 4.254.25 3.843.84 4.024.02
MotorcycleMotorcycle 0.220.22 0.210.21 0.170.17
BusBus 0.670.67 0.350.35 0.370.37
OtherOther 4.314.31 1.881.88 0.650.65
PDO Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 15.8 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH) – Sample size 4.7 million.
PDO-Towaway Crashes (PA) – Sample size 0.77 million.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 51
Percent Vehicles Retained Percent Vehicles Retained PDO-Towaway (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH)PDO-Towaway (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH)
Vehicle TypeVehicle Type Percentage RetainedPercentage Retained
Passenger CarPassenger Car 31.231.2
Light TruckLight Truck 30.430.4
Large TruckLarge Truck 27.127.1
MotorcycleMotorcycle 29.029.0
BusBus 15.615.6
OtherOther 13.113.1
Percentage Retained = Number of Vehicles (PDO-Towaway) Number of Vehicles (PDO)
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 52
Changes in Vehicle TypeChanges in Vehicle Type PDO-Towaway (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH)PDO-Towaway (CA, FL, MO, NC, OH)
Small increase in the proportion of Small increase in the proportion of passenger cars and light trucks.passenger cars and light trucks.
Small decrease in the proportion of large Small decrease in the proportion of large trucks and motorcycles.trucks and motorcycles.
Moderate decrease in proportion of buses Moderate decrease in proportion of buses and other vehicles (motor homes, and other vehicles (motor homes, farm/construction equipment, farm/construction equipment, police/emergency vehicles, etc.).police/emergency vehicles, etc.).
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 53
SummarySummary
Using the NHTSA State Data System, Using the NHTSA State Data System, adoption of a towaway criterion would adoption of a towaway criterion would have the following effects:have the following effects:
A significant decrease in the total A significant decrease in the total number of reportable crashes. number of reportable crashes.
The data shows that at least 42% of the The data shows that at least 42% of the reportable crashes would be lost.reportable crashes would be lost.
The data shows that at least 70% of the The data shows that at least 70% of the reportable PDO crashes would be lost.reportable PDO crashes would be lost.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 54
Summary (cont.)Summary (cont.)
Low severity PDO crashes would be lost, changing the Low severity PDO crashes would be lost, changing the composition of the remaining PDO crashes as follows:composition of the remaining PDO crashes as follows:
The proportion of Urban crashes decreases.The proportion of Urban crashes decreases. The proportion of Single Vehicle crashes increases, with an The proportion of Single Vehicle crashes increases, with an
increase in Fixed Object, Rollover, and Other Non-Collision increase in Fixed Object, Rollover, and Other Non-Collision crashes.crashes.
The proportion of Multiple Vehicle crashes decreases, both The proportion of Multiple Vehicle crashes decreases, both for Motor Vehicle in Transport and Parked Motor Vehicle for Motor Vehicle in Transport and Parked Motor Vehicle crashes.crashes.
The proportions of Angle and Head-on collisions increase, The proportions of Angle and Head-on collisions increase, while Rear End and Sideswipe collisions decrease.while Rear End and Sideswipe collisions decrease.
The proportions of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks The proportions of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks increase slightly, Large Trucks and Motorcycles decrease increase slightly, Large Trucks and Motorcycles decrease slightly, and Buses and Other Vehicles exhibit a moderate slightly, and Buses and Other Vehicles exhibit a moderate decrease.decrease.
People Saving People
National Center for Statistics & Analysis
Reporting ThresholdsReporting Thresholds Source: SDS data, 1990-1999Source: SDS data, 1990-1999 55
Questions or Comments?Questions or Comments?
Questions/Comments can be sent to: