AMERICAN COLONIAL EMPIRES: PORTUGAL AND SPAINPART 3: THE PEOPLE OF THE PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH COLONIES IN AMERICA

Kristina UnderwoodHistory 140

DAMIANA DA CUNHA

Portuguese American

•Time when they lived- late 1700s to 1831•Place/Colony where they lived- Vila Boa, São José, Goiás•Social Group- Indian: Caiapó, •Gender- female•Occupation or chief activity- catechist and wilderness explorer

GENERAL HISTORY: DAMIANA DA CUNHA

Baptized along with her brother and named in honor of their godfather

Taken as hostage at the Governor’s house Possibility of being forced to attend a “domestic school” Her first husband was a Portuguese soldier Her second marriage took place in 1819 to Manuel

Pereira da Cruz, a Brazilian civilian Made a expedition in 1808 to the sertão and brought

back 70 other Indians On another expedition, she fell sick with a fever and

possible malaria Died in 1831

CATARINA DE MONE SINAY

Portuguese American• Time when they lived- Late 1680-1758•Place/Colony where they lived- Bahia in Brazil•Social Group- Destêrro Convent•Gender- Female•Occupation or chief activity- Nun and entrepreneur

GENERAL HISTORY: CATARINA DE MONE SINAY

Entered the Covent in 1696 Daughter of a scribe on the council Spent her childhood around the nunnery Studied religious discipline Looked up to Madre Victória who was a

very devout woman in the Convent Loaned money and sold sweets making her

quite a fortune for a nun Died August of 1758

DIEGO VASICUIO

Spanish American •Time when they lived- 1580-1670s•Place/Colony where they lived- Indians of Peru, Salamanca•Social Group- Sorimana follower/cult•Gender- male•Occupation or chief activity- Native Priest

GENERAL HISTORY: DIEGO VASLCULO

Founded and to be charged with heresy May 1617 During ceremonies, Diego would bathe the guaca

(the Spaniard’s term for the stone image of their god) in chicha (native corn beer) and then offer sacrifices of food

Prayed and interpreter of Sorimana When caught, turned over a false guaca to the

priest After charges and when things were settled,

returned to his old ways of following Sorimina Died in 1670s

CRISTÓBAL BÉQUER

Spanish American •Time when they lived- 1693- 1751•Place/Colony where they lived- Lima•Social Group- Part of the Cathedral in Lima•Gender- Male •Occupation or chief activity- Wayward Prebend

GENERAL HISTORY: CRISTÓBAL BÉQUER

Born in Lima 1693 In 1714, he and his brother Pedro were involved in a murder (Cristóbal said to

be accomplice) Went into hiding in the Bethlehemite Monastery in Lima When wanted for arrest, fled to mountains where Pedro soon died Came back and joined priesthood 1732 Bishop of Cuzco appointed him as interim priest in the Azangaroin province 1733- wanted to journey to Panama for employment (actually made his way to

the Madrid court) 1736- King positioned him on the Cathedral Chapter in Lima 1743- awarded vacant chaplaincy He became a very angry and argumentative person Started to harass and beat people on the streets 1750-miracously promoted within the Chapter Was supposed to be imprisoned but fled to the San Francisco Monastery Died in 1751 before prosecution took place

ISABEL MOCTEZUMA

Spanish American

•Time when they lived- 1509/1510- 1550•Place/Colony where they lived- Aztecs of Central Mexico•Social Group- Aztec royal family•Gender- Female •Occupation or chief activity- Pioneer of Mestizaje

GENERAL HISTORY: ISABEL MOCTEZUMA

Born Tecuichpotzin (known as Isabel to the Spaniards) Daughter of Moctezuma II the Emperor of the Aztecs, and his wife, Teotlalco 1520- Aztec’s fall captive to Spaniards and Indian allies led by Fernando Cortés First married to her Uncle, Cuitlahuac (Emperor after rebellion of 1520) After his death, married her cousin, Cuauhtemoc (the last Aztec emperor) Taken by Spaniards at the fall of the Aztec capital on August 13, 1521 Cortés granted her revenues and income from a town called Tacuba Married a Spanish man named Alonso de Grado After his death, she became pregnant with Cortés’ child born Lenor Cortés

Moctezuma Married Pedro Gallego and bore son Juan (Gallego) de Andrade Moctezuma Grado does of unknown causes shortly after Married to Juan Cano de Saavedra in 1532 Bore five of his children within a ten year span- Gonzalo, Pedro, Juan, Isabel, and

Catalina Created a controversial will and died in 1550

HERNANDO DE VALENCIA

Spanish American

•Time when they lived-•Place/Colony where they lived- Peru•Social Group- Indies Council•Gender- Male•Occupation or chief activity- Tax Promoter

GENERAL HISTORY: HERNANDO DE VALENCIA

Put in charge of arbitrios (nineteen expedients) “twenty years satisfactory service as royal accountant of grants (contador de

mercedes)” Married and had a son 1629- wanted a position on a royal council but was turned down by the new

royal His ship from Panama sunk, loosing his son Count Chinchon, the viceroy of Peru, wanted to end the arbitrios Hernando was brought into a scandal of having an affair with a relative’s wife Brought into yet another scandal and found hiding in the Franciscan Monastery Fray Francisco and a monk helped him escape to Spain from America As he was executing escape plan, he dislocated his arm and broke his nose and

teeth The friar took him for sugery He was ordered to return to Spain after multiple problems with the viceroy