PENGENALAN KEPADA PSIKOLOGI

A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words

Pengenalan kepada psikologi

• Kajian jiwa, mental atau rohani manusia.• Kajian yang saintifik tentang jiwa dan tingkah

laku manusia.• Kajian memahami manusia.• Mengapa seseorang itu bertingkah laku

sedemikian

Tujuan • Untuk memahami manusia• Untuk membantu manusia • Dalam pendidikan –memotivasikan pelajar, memahami

kaedah pengajaran, pengukuran dan penilaian • Dalam bidang pekerjaan – motivasi dan tingkah laku

pekerja, motivasi • Hubungan sesama manusia –sosial skills, persepsi • Kehidupan seharian –stress – Hubungan membantu dan kaunseling

What Causes Behavior?

Sila baca Sejarah dan Perkembangan Psikologihttp://pustaxa.dbp.gov.my/pustakadigital/pd/bahan/buku/penuh/27938.pdf

• Atau mana-mana buku psikologi

Perspectives

• Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic– Freud, Jung, Adler, Horney

• Behaviorism– Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson, Skinner

• Humanistic psychology– Rogers, Maslow

• Cognitive psychology– Piaget, Ellis, Bandura, Sternberg, Gardner

Roots of psychology

• Pavlov– Pioneered the study of learning after his discovery

of classical conditioning

• Freud– Proposed a seminal theory on the origins of

personality

Origins of modern psychology

• Behaviorism– Replaced experimental psychology in the 1920s– John Watson• Study of observable behaviors and outcomes

– B.F. Skinner• Significant contributions to behaviorism and learning

theory with studies of animal behavior

Origins of modern psychology

• Humanistic psychology – 1960s - response to the clinical approach of

psychoanalytic psychology– Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow• Focused on an individual’s need for safety, support,

love and fulfillment

Current perspectives in psychology

• Behaviorism/Learning perspective– How the individual responds to the environment

and learns observable responses– How students learn

Current perspectives in psychology

• Cognitive perspective– The mental processes involved in encoding,

processing, storing and retrieving information

– Remember /forget

Memahami Personaliti

• Psikologi membantu memahami perwatakan individu

• Extrovert • Introvert• Suka kepada benda fizikal• Khayalan /pemikiran abstrak

Erik Erikson's

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality in psychology.

Goals of Psychology

• Describe• Explain• Predict• Change

As a teacher –Purpose –to study psychology?

• To understand others• To motivate students • Disiplin /enforcement • Understanding Student behavior• …..• …..

Kes-Kes

• Pelajar bermasalah disiplin• Hukuman /dendaan • Pelajar tidak dapat belajar• Guru memarahi pelajar • Masalah keluarga • Pelajar membantu keluraga

Sejauh manakah anda mengenali pelajar/rakan anda

Mengapa mereka bertingkah laku demikian?

APAKAH STRATEGI ANDA UNTUK MEMOTIVASIKAN PELAJAR ???